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ANALYSING VIRTUAL AND AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS IN DIGITAL

MARKETING

Article in European Chemical Bulletin · April 2023

DOI: 10.31838/ecb/2023.12.si6.074

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The Feasibility of Lean Polyclinics: Critical Analysis of Echs Section A-Research paper

ISSN 2063-5346

ANALYSING VIRTUAL AND AUGMENTED

REALITY APPLICATIONS IN DIGITAL MARKETING

Dr. ANAND MULEY,

Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, J. M. Patel Arts
Commerce and Science College Bhandara, Maharashtra.

SAKSHI PANDEY,
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Commerce and Business Management
Amrapali Group of Institutes, Haldwani, Uttarakhand.

Dr. N.V.S. NATTESHAN,

Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, School of Computing,
Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnan Koil, India.
,

SHARDUL SINGH CHAUHAN,

Assistant Professor, Computer Science Department, ABES Engineering
College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh.

ARJUN SINGH
Associate Professor, Department of Computer and Communication
Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, India.

Article History: Received: 01.02.2023 Revised: 07.03.2023 Accepted: 10.04.2023

Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have recently emerged as potent technologies
that provide immersive experiences and make it possible for marketers to engage customers in
novel ways. When it comes to digital marketing, the advantages of virtual reality (VR) and
augmented reality (AR) include their capacity to deliver highly immersive experiences,
establish emotional connections with users, and supply valuable data and insights. The
attention of users is captured by these technologies, which also make it possible to tell
interactive stories and enable personalized marketing campaigns based on users' actions.
When analyzing the applications of virtual reality and augmented reality in digital marketing,
several challenges and factors need to be taken into consideration. These include the
availability and use of virtual reality and augmented reality technologies, the financial and
time investments necessary for development, as well as the measurement and evaluation of
the effectiveness of marketing campaigns. Marketers can make educated decisions about
whether or not to include virtual reality and augmented reality in their digital strategies if they
have a thorough understanding of the specific advantages and drawbacks of these two
technologies. Marketers can take advantage of the potential of virtual reality and augmented
reality to create memorable brand experiences, increase customer engagement, and
accomplish their marketing goals by giving careful consideration to their target audience,
Eur. Chem. Bull. 2023, 12 (S6), 796 - 805 796
The Feasibility of Lean Polyclinics: Critical Analysis of Echs Section A-Research paper
conducting cost-benefit analyses, and defining relevant key performance indicators (KPIs).
The purpose of this research is to conduct an analysis of the applications of virtual and
augmented reality in digital marketing in order to gain insights into how these technologies
can be leveraged to improve customer engagement and brand experiences. Marketers can
strategically integrate virtual reality and augmented reality technologies into their digital
marketing strategies if they have a thorough understanding of the benefits and challenges
associated with these technologies. This will, in the end, result in improved campaign
outcomes and customer relationships. The purpose of this study is to investigate the various
aspects of incorporating virtual reality and augmented reality into digital marketing strategies,
including the potential benefits, potential challenges, and potential considerations.
Keywords: AR, VR, Digital Marketing, Business, Virtual

Introduction have the potential to offer users a sense of

presence and interactivity that is difficult for
Virtual reality (VR) and augmented traditional marketing mediums to achieve.
reality (AR) are two powerful technologies This is because VR and AR can transport
that have emerged in recent years and have users into virtual worlds, while AR can
the potential to revolutionize a variety of overlay digital content onto the real world.
industries, including digital marketing. Second, virtual reality and augmented
Immersive experiences are offered by both reality make it possible for marketers to tell
virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality emotionally engaging brand stories that
(AR), allowing users to interact with virtual engage users on a deeper level. Brands have
environments or superimpose digital the ability to elicit potent feelings in their
information onto the real world. These target audience as well as forge deeper
technologies have opened up exciting new connections with them by utilizing techniques
possibilities for marketers to engage such as interactive experiences and
customers in novel ways and to create storytelling. Because of this emotional
experiences that customers will remember resonance, increased brand loyalty and
for their brands. advocacy are possible outcomes.
Analyzing the applications of virtual In addition, both virtual and
reality and augmented reality in digital augmented reality have the potential to
marketing entails researching the various supply marketers with valuable data and
ways in which these technologies can be insights. Marketers can gain a better
successfully incorporated into marketing understanding of customer preferences,
campaigns in order to boost customer interests, and purchasing patterns by
engagement, increase brand awareness, and analysing the interactions and behaviours of
ultimately accomplish marketing goals. users within these immersive environments.
Marketers can make educated decisions This approach, which is driven by data,
about whether or not to include virtual makes it possible to create marketing
reality and augmented reality in their digital campaigns that are more personalized and
strategies if they have a thorough targeted, which leads to higher conversion
understanding of the specific advantages rates and a better return on investment.
and drawbacks of these two technologies. Challenges and considerations
Benefits of virtual and augmented reality Keep in mind that despite the fact that
in digital marketing virtual and augmented reality present digital
Applications that utilize virtual and marketers with exciting new opportunities,
augmented reality provide a number of there are also challenges and factors to take
benefits to businesses that engage in digital into consideration. The availability of virtual
marketing. To begin, they deliver highly reality and augmented reality technology
immersive experiences that seize the presents a significant obstacle. Although in
attention of users and leave impressions that recent years these technologies have become
stick with them for a long time. Virtual easier to access, they still call for specialized
reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) hardware, and it is possible that they will not
Eur. Chem. Bull. 2023, 12 (S6), 796 - 805 797
The Feasibility of Lean Polyclinics: Critical Analysis of Echs Section A-Research paper
be widely adopted by the general interactivity, customers are more
population. It is important for marketers to engaged, and they are more likely to
consider whether or not their target remember the brand.
audience is ready and willing to participate  Augmented reality is a tool that can be
in virtual reality and augmented reality used to improve social media marketing
experiences. efforts, and this tool can be activated
Another factor to take into account through social media. AR filters and
is the financial and time commitment effects on social media platforms such
necessary to create VR and AR applications as Instagram and Snapchat enable users
of a sufficient quality. Developing to incorporate branded AR experiences
experiences that are both immersive and into their content, allowing for user-
engaging can require a significant generated brand advocacy and virality.
investment of resources and the expertise of Social media campaigns that are
developers, designers, and content creators. powered by augmented reality have the
When considering whether or not to include potential to generate buzz, increase
virtual reality and augmented reality in their brand visibility, and drive user
digital marketing strategies, businesses need participation.
to conduct a thorough cost-benefit analysis.  Augmented reality (AR) offers a one-
Last but not least, the measurement and of-a-kind opportunity for businesses to
evaluation of virtual reality and augmented showcase their goods or services in a
reality campaigns can be difficult. When virtual environment. This gives
attempting to evaluate the significance and customers the ability to visualize and
efficiency of immersive experiences, it is customize their experiences with the
possible that traditional marketing metrics goods or services being offered. AR
will not be directly applicable. For the applications allow users to virtually try
purpose of tracking user engagement, on clothing, decorate their homes with
conversion rates, and the overall success of virtual furnishings, and even see how
a campaign, marketers need to define cosmetics look when applied to their
pertinent key performance indicators (KPIs) faces. The customer's understanding is
and make use of advanced analytics tools. improved, and they are better able to
Augmented reality and digital marketing make decisions about their purchases as
business a result of this immersive product
Within the realm of digital visualization.
marketing, augmented reality, also known  Augmented reality applications produce
as AR, has emerged as a powerful tool for valuable data and insights that can be
use by businesses. It presents one-of-a-kind used to inform digital marketing
opportunities to drive conversions, engage strategies. Businesses are able to gain
customers, and create immersive brand insights into customer preferences,
experiences. behaviors, and purchase patterns
Here are some highlights on how through the analysis of user interactions
augmented reality can be integrated into within augmented reality (AR)
digital marketing strategies: experiences. This approach, which is
 Augmented reality makes it possible driven by data, makes it possible to
for companies to provide their create marketing campaigns that are
customers with interactive and more personalized and targeted; as a
interesting brand experiences. AR result, customer engagement is
applications allow users to interact improved, and conversion rates are
with products, try virtual samples, and increased.
explore brand stories in a more  Before integrating augmented reality
immersive and memorable way than into digital marketing strategies,
was previously possible. These businesses should first define clear
interactions are made possible by objectives and determine how AR
superimposing digital content onto the aligns with their overall marketing
real world. Because of the goals. This should be done before
Eur. Chem. Bull. 2023, 12 (S6), 796 - 805 798
The Feasibility of Lean Polyclinics: Critical Analysis of Echs Section A-Research paper
integrating augmented reality into measurement and optimization. The
digital marketing strategies. Having a performance of augmented reality (AR)
clear focus will guide the campaigns should be monitored by
development and execution of establishing relevant KPIs for
augmented reality (AR) campaigns, businesses to use, such as user
regardless of whether that focus is on engagement, conversion rates, and
increasing brand awareness, driving social media reach. The analysis of
conversions, or improving customer these data will provide insights that can
engagement. be used to improve the efficiency of
 To get the most out of augmented campaigns and optimize augmented
reality (AR) in digital marketing, reality strategies.
companies need to ensure that it is Virtual reality and digital marketing
seamlessly integrated with all of the business
different marketing channels. AR The game-changing technology
experiences may be integrated into a known as virtual reality (VR) has the
variety of mediums, including potential to have a significant influence on
websites, mobile applications, social digital marketing strategies. It offers
media platforms, and even physical experiences that are completely
stores. A unified and immersive encompassing, making it possible for
experience for the customer can be businesses to engage customers in novel and
achieved by maintaining consistent compelling ways.
branding and messaging across all of Here are some highlights on how virtual
these channels. reality can be integrated into digital
 Experts to Develop High-Quality marketing strategies:
Augmented Reality Experiences  Virtual reality enables companies to
Creating high-quality AR experiences create experiences that are both
requires expertise in the development immersive and memorable for their
and design of Augmented Reality. brands. Virtual reality (VR) applications
Businesses should form partnerships have the ability to showcase products,
with seasoned augmented reality (AR) services, or brand narratives in a
professionals or agencies that can manner that is highly engaging and
assist in the production of AR interactive by transporting users to
applications that are both interesting virtual environments. Customers are left
to users and technically sound. with an indelible impression as a result
Through this collaboration, we can of this immersive experience, which
ensure that the augmented reality encourages brand loyalty and advocacy.
experience will deliver a seamless  VR paves the way for businesses to
user experience while also aligning conduct product demonstrations
with marketing goals. conducted in a virtual environment,
 The user experience in augmented enabling customers to experience and
reality applications is very important. interact with the products in question.
The user interface needs to be Customers can explore properties, test
straightforward, simple, and drive virtual vehicles, or take virtual
straightforward, and it needs to tours thanks to this capability, which is
provide clear instructions for users on particularly useful for businesses in the
how to interact with the augmented real estate, automotive, and tourism
reality content. Putting an emphasis industries. Customers have a better
on providing a pleasant experience for understanding of the product, more
users will increase engagement as confidence in their ability to make
well as positive interactions with the purchasing decisions, and less need for
brand. physical prototypes when virtual
 Integrating augmented reality into product demonstrations are used.
digital marketing strategies  Virtual reality (VR) can recreate
necessitates performing ongoing physical showrooms and retail spaces in
Eur. Chem. Bull. 2023, 12 (S6), 796 - 805 799
The Feasibility of Lean Polyclinics: Critical Analysis of Echs Section A-Research paper
virtual environments. Within the reality (VR) creates an environment where a
virtual reality setting, consumers are person can feel like they are physically
able to navigate and interact with present. So, VR could be a good way to make
virtual shelves, look through product shopping the same both online and offline.
catalogs, and make purchases. This The same author (Steuer, 1992) puts a lot of
removes the restrictions that are weight on the ideas that vividness and
imposed by the availability of interactivity are the two most important
physical space, broadens the market's things that can have a big impact on how
reach, and offers customers a people feel in a virtual world. More research
shopping experience that is both in this area (Steuer, 1992) supports the idea
unique and convenient. that the two variables above make up
 Virtual reality (VR) can be used for telepresence, which is a key concept for
training employees, particularly in understanding virtual experience. Bigné,
industries that require hands-on Llinares, and Torrecilla (2016) say that test
experience or deal with complex labs have already started using virtual reality
procedures. VR is particularly useful as a way to gather data that can be used to
for training employees in these types predict how customers will act when they
of industries. Employees are able to shop in traditional stores. (Lau, Lau, and Kan,
practice their skills, gain expertise, 2012) Modern researchers spend a lot of time
and improve their performance all trying to figure out how virtual reality will
within a setting that is safe and well- affect customer behavior and the buying
controlled thanks to the use of virtual experience, which is what the customer has
simulations and scenarios. When when they buy something. Also, the
compared to more conventional simulation showed a number of different
methods of instruction, VR-based ways to sort food, all of which were shown in
training programs may prove to be a very easy-to-understand graphical format.
both more efficient and cost-effective. This made it easier for the users to understand
Review Literature the basic ideas behind how the system
Grudzewski, Awdziej, Mazurek, and worked. From inside the machines, visitors
Piotrowska (2018) say that effective use of could look at the sorting processes from any
marketing communication requires not only angle. With the help of this strategy, Key
a good understanding of social phenomena Technology was able to show that their
and market processes, but also an system was unique and very effective
understanding of the tools and information compared to the solutions offered by their
communication technology used in the direct competitors. The project was part of a
process. Hajduk (2016) says that businesses large B2B market campaign that was meant
that use modern marketing communication to raise brand awareness among companies in
methods and tools can talk to customers and the food industry and make the complex
other important people in their marketing techniques and technologies used to process
environment in a quick and effective way. food easier to understand (Becker, 2019). The
There are more and more marketing goal of the campaign was to show how the
campaigns out there that use VR. In food industry uses techniques and
general, they can be put into two groups: technologies. Visitors were given virtual
those that depend on how the person sees reality goggles and asked to look at and learn
things and those that depend on how other about the network's production lines
people see things (Pindel, 2015). When it (Feltham, 2016). This was done to help them
comes to the first group of consumers, they build their brand and get over the idea that
have all the tools they need and are ready to fast-food products are highly processed and
get promotional messages at any time or unhealthy, which is how most people think
place. After that, ads are usually shared about them. Kumar, D. (2019), observed that
through social media, such as by uploading recent developments in virtual reality and
them to YouTube or putting them on the augmented reality have resulted in the
website of a certain brand. (Jang, Hur, and creation of several applications that are
Choo, 2019; Steuer, 1992) say that virtual garnering increased interest from researchers
Eur. Chem. Bull. 2023, 12 (S6), 796 - 805 800
The Feasibility of Lean Polyclinics: Critical Analysis of Echs Section A-Research paper
and professionals working in business technology, content, and expertise.
enterprises. As augmented reality (AR) and Companies must evaluate cost-benefit
virtual reality (VR) technologies advance, analysis and resource allocation to ensure the
the number of scientific applications that success of VR and AR projects. Businesses
can make use of them also grows. Virtual must address these challenges and
reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) considerations in order to make informed VR
are proving their worth particularly once and AR digital marketing decisions. To
designing particularly planning, marketing, successfully implement virtual reality and
education, and tourist sport preservation are augmented reality in digital marketing, you
coming into light. The purpose of this must first assess effectiveness, ROI, user
research paper is to shed light on some of adoption barriers, content creation and
the most important technologies for use in integration, target audience relevance, and
business and social settings, particularly as resource allocation.
they relate to AR and VR. Research Methodology
Problem Statement This study is based both on primary &
Despite the increasing popularity secondary data. The primary data has
and potential of VR and AR applications in gathered from 04 different digital marketing-
digital marketing, a thorough examination based companies located in Maharashtra.
of their efficacy, challenges, and Total 220 respondents filled questionnaire for
considerations is required. Businesses are the study. Factor analysis & KMO and
unable to reap the full benefits of VR and Bartlett's Test, reliability test has used for
AR because they do not understand how to analysis. Secondary data has been collected
incorporate them into digital marketing from web sources, e-portals, journals etc.
strategies. There are no standardized Objective of the study
metrics or evaluation frameworks for digital  To describe the concept of AR/VR
marketing VR and AR applications. applications on digital marketing.
Because VR and AR campaigns are  To investigate the various aspects of
difficult to measure, ROI and justification incorporating virtual reality and
are difficult. VR and AR adoption is augmented reality into digital marketing
hampered by specialized hardware, high strategies.
costs, and technological limitations. Due to Hypothesis of the study
the limited availability of VR and AR, H1: There is no significant influence of
businesses struggle to reach and engage VR/AR applications on digital
customers. It takes time and expertise to marketing
create engaging VR and AR content. Many H1: There is significant influence of
businesses are unsure of how to create VR/AR applications on digital
engaging brand experiences that align with marketing
their marketing objectives. To seamlessly H2: There is no significant influence of
integrate VR and AR into digital marketing investigating the various aspects of
channels and platforms, careful planning incorporating virtual reality and
and execution are required. Not all target augmented reality into digital marketing
audiences are open to VR and AR or have strategies.
the necessary devices. Understanding the H2: There is significant influence of
demographics, preferences, and investigating the various aspects of
technological readiness of the target incorporating virtual reality and
audience is required for incorporating VR augmented reality into digital marketing
and AR into digital marketing strategies. strategies.
VR and AR implementations
necessitate significant investments in

Eur. Chem. Bull. 2023, 12 (S6), 796 - 805 801

The Feasibility of Lean Polyclinics: Critical Analysis of Echs Section A-Research paper
Results & Discussion
Table 1: Reliability Test
Cronbach's Alpha Cronbach's Alpha Based on N of Mean Std.
Standardized Items Items Deviation
0.795 0.799 17 92.423 14.8823

Cronbach's alpha was calculated for this set score for the final set of 17 questions on the
of questions using SPSS, and the value was questionnaire was 92.423, with a standard
0.795, which is excellent (a Cronbach's deviation of 14.8823.
alpha value greater than 0.6). The mean

Table 2: KMO and Bartlett's Test

Table 3: Factor Loading Matrix

Items Factor % Variance Factor Alpha
Loadings Explained
Define Clear Objectives 0.772 62.716 0.909

Seamless Integration with 0.667 Functional and User-

Channels Friendly Activation
Collaborate with AR Experts 0.776
User-Friendly Experience 0.689
Measurement and Optimization 0.665
Interactive Brand Experiences 0.698
Social Media Activation 0.774
Product Visualization and 0.678
Personalization
Data and Insights 0.779
Enhanced Customer Engagement 0.567
Improved Brand Awareness 0.789
Personalized and Targeted 0.678 7.896 Transformation in 0.823
Marketing Collaboration &
Marketing Research to
Achieve Target
Cost and Accessibility Challenges 0.779
Audience Research and Targeting 0.765
Strategic Integration 0.678
Collaborate with Experts 0.713
Measurement and Analysis 0.689

The 17 assertions were subjected to principal could be extracted for further investigation.
component analysis to see if any factors To be used for the Varimax orthogonal

Eur. Chem. Bull. 2023, 12 (S6), 796 - 805 802

The Feasibility of Lean Polyclinics: Critical Analysis of Echs Section A-Research paper
rotation, significant factors had Eigen values examined, and two factors were discovered,
greater than one. In the analysis of the 17- namely Functional and User-Friendly
item questionnaire about the elements of AR Activation, and Transformation in
& VR for digital marketing, only items with Collaboration & Marketing Research to
factor loadings of 0.5 or more were Achieve Target.

Table 4: Model Summary

Model R R Square Adjusted R Square F Change Sig. F Change
1 0.712 .398 .391 322.761 .001
2 0.710 .788 .788 74.543 .001

In regression analysis, the R, R square, and independent variables under study have a big
adjusted r square values were written on a effect on the dependent variable of digital
table, and it was shown that the estimated marketing.
value of r is always more than 30%. So, the
of-a-kind opportunities to build brand
Hypothesis Testing awareness and generate buzz.
Applications of Regression analysis,  Brands that are able to differentiate
Reliability test, KMO Bartlett test & Factor themselves from their competitors by
loading matrix, the findings of the research successfully incorporating these
stated that null hypothesis which is “there is technologies into their marketing
no significant influence of VR/AR campaigns will leave consumers with an
applications on digital marketing” & “there impression that will stick with them.
is no significant influence of investigating  The novelty and excitement that
the various aspects of incorporating virtual surround virtual reality and augmented
reality and augmented reality into digital reality experiences frequently generate
marketing strategies” is rejected and word-of-mouth marketing and social
alternative hypothesis which is there is media sharing, which further amplifies
significant influence of VR/AR applications the visibility of the brand.
on digital marketing & there is significant  Applications that use virtual and
influence of investigating the various augmented reality provide valuable data
aspects of incorporating virtual reality and and insights that can be utilized to
augmented reality into digital marketing personalize and target marketing
strategies is accepted. campaigns.
Findings:  Marketers are able to obtain a better
 Applications of virtual and augmented understanding of individual consumers'
reality in digital marketing have preferences, interests, and behaviors
shown the ability to significantly through the analysis of user interactions
improve customer engagement, and within these immersive environments.
this trend is expected to continue.  This data can be used to guide the
 Because of the immersive nature of development of content that is highly
these technologies, users' attention is targeted and relevant, which will
easily captured, which enables brands ultimately result in improved
to create experiences that are both conversion rates and a higher return on
interactive and memorable. Because investment.
users are more likely to spend more  Virtual reality (VR) and augmented
time interacting with VR and AR reality (AR) applications in digital
content, this can result in increased marketing continue to face significant
brand exposure as well as deeper challenges in terms of cost and
emotional connections. accessibility, despite the numerous
 Virtual reality (VR) and augmented benefits they offer.
reality (AR) applications provide one-  It can be a resource-intensive process to
develop and implement high-quality
Eur. Chem. Bull. 2023, 12 (S6), 796 - 805 803
The Feasibility of Lean Polyclinics: Critical Analysis of Echs Section A-Research paper
virtual reality (VR) and augmented with marketing goals can be facilitated
reality (AR) experiences because it through the formation of strategic
requires specialized hardware and partnerships with VR and AR software
skilled professionals. developers, designers, and content
 In addition, the widespread adoption creators.
of virtual reality and augmented  When attempting to evaluate the
reality technologies among the general success of VR and AR marketing
public is still in its infancy. As a campaigns, it is essential to develop
result, it is essential for marketers to applicable KPIs and make use of
carefully evaluate the readiness and sophisticated analytics tools.
willingness of their target audience to  In order to assess the effect that these
engage with experiences that utilize technologies have on marketing
these technologies. objectives, marketers should monitor
Recommendations: the level of user engagement,
 Before marketers invest in virtual conversion rates, and any other
reality (VR) and augmented reality pertinent metrics. This approach is
(AR) applications, they should first driven by data, which enables
conduct extensive audience research continuous optimization and
to determine the interest level, improvement of virtual reality and
demographics, and technological augmented reality strategies.
readiness of their target audience.  As virtual reality (VR) and augmented
 Using this information, it will be reality (AR) technologies continue to
possible to determine whether or not advance, it is essential for marketers to
the incorporation of these test and refine their strategies.
technologies aligns with the target  Experimenting with a variety of
market and whether or not the formats, content types, and platforms
investment is likely to result in enables marketers to discover what
positive outcomes. types of content and platforms are most
 The use of virtual reality (VR) and effective with their target audiences,
augmented reality (AR) should be allowing them to adjust their strategies
carefully considered by marketers in accordingly.
terms of how these technologies can  Testing and iteration on a regular basis
enhance and complement existing help refine VR and AR campaigns,
digital marketing strategies. It is which ultimately leads to improved
essential to determine which specific results over time.
touchpoints along the customer  By adhering to these recommendations,
journey these technologies can marketers will be able to effectively
contribute to the creation of leverage virtual and augmented reality
meaningful interactions and the applications in digital marketing. This
addition of value. will allow them to capitalize on the
 For maximum effect, strategic opportunities to enhance customer
integration ensures that virtual reality engagement, increase brand awareness,
(VR) and augmented reality (AR) and drive better marketing outcomes.
experiences are seamlessly integrated Conclusion:
into broader marketing efforts. Immersive experiences, interesting
 Because virtual reality and augmented narrative possibilities, and invaluable
reality applications are both consumer insights are just a few ways in
technically and creatively challenging, which VR and AR apps have the potential to
it is recommended that marketers transform digital marketing. Virtual reality
work with seasoned experts in the (VR) and augmented reality (AR) offer
field to develop their products. tremendous potential for marketers if they
 The production of high-quality and take the time to fully understand the tools'
engaging experiences that are in line strengths and weaknesses. However, a

Eur. Chem. Bull. 2023, 12 (S6), 796 - 805 804

 The Feasibility of Lean Polyclinics: Critical Analysis of Echs Section A-Research paper
strategic and data-driven approach is 6. Hajduk, G. (2016). Challenges for
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