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Exp. - 8machine Lab

The document describes an experiment to examine the effect of load change and DC excitation current on a synchronous motor. It provides the objective, theory, procedure and results reporting requirements. The experiment involves applying different loads and excitation currents to the motor and measuring the stator current and motor speed.

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Abdelrahman Muadi
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9 views5 pages

Exp. - 8machine Lab

The document describes an experiment to examine the effect of load change and DC excitation current on a synchronous motor. It provides the objective, theory, procedure and results reporting requirements. The experiment involves applying different loads and excitation currents to the motor and measuring the stator current and motor speed.

Uploaded by

Abdelrahman Muadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tafila Technical University

Faculty of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Department


Electrical Machines Lab

Exp. # 8 Synchronous Motor


Objective.
1. To examine the effect of load change on the synchronous motor speed.
2. To study the effect of d.c excitation current on the stator current.
3. To plot V curves (relation between field current and stator current) of the
synchronous motor.
Theory.
In the synchronous motor there are two types of magnetic field; one of them is a
steady state magnetic field which is produced by the excitation (field) current in the
rotor circuit and the other is a rotating magnetic field that is produced by set of three
phases voltage that applied to the stator of the machine. Therefore, the rotor magnetic
field tend to line up with the stator magnetic field just as two magnetic bars will tend
to line up if placed near each other. Since the stator magnetic field is rotating, the
rotor magnetic field ( and the rotor itself) will constantly try to catch up.
By interaction of rotor and stator magnetic fields, the synchronous motor produces a

torque  ind :
 ind = kBr  Bnet

(1)
 ind = kBr Bnet sin  (2)
where:
Br : the magnetic field density produced by the rotor winding.

B net : the total magnetic field density in the machine.

 : the angle between the rotor magnetic field density vector ( B r ) and the
total

magnetic field density vector ( B net ).

1
The value of angle  depends on the load:
a.  =0 at no-load.
b.  >0 in motor mode.
c.  <0 in generator mode.

The equivalent circuit of synchronous motor is shown in Fig.(1), it is the same as


synchronous generator equivalent circuit except the stator current direction is
reversed. In the synchronous motor the rotor speed will be constant regardless of load
and it is given by :
120 f e
ns = (3)
p

where:
n s : rotor speed of synchronous motor (synchronous speed)[rpm].

f e : electrical frequency [Hz].

p : number of poles.

Synchronous motor is usually used beside its action as a motor as a power factor
corrector (condenser), where it can operate at a lagging power factor (under excited)
to a leading power factor ( over excited) by controlling the d.c field excitation current
of the synchronous motor . The last feature about the synchronous motor that it is not
self-starting motor it has to be run up to synchronous ( or near synchronous) speed by
some means before it can be synchronized to the supply.

2
Fig.(1) Equivalent circuit of synchronous motor

Procedure.
1. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig.(2).
2. Adjust the stator voltage at the rated value and connect a load of 100N.mm
torque with the rotor shaft.
3. increase the excitation (field) current into steps as it shown in table 1.
4. repeat steps 2 and 3 for a 200 N.mm load torque then for 400 N.mm load
torque as it shown in table 1.

Fig.(2)

3
Torque (τ)=100N.mm Torque (τ)=200N.mm Torque (τ)=400N.mm
Field Stator Field Stator Field Stator
Current [A] Current [A] Current [A] Current [A] Current [A] Current [A]
1.5 2.3 3
2 2.5 3.3
2.5 2.8 3.5
3 3 4
3.5 3.5 4.5
4 4 5
4.5 4.5 5.5
5 5.0 6
5.5 5.5 6.5
6 6 6.7
6.5 6.5 7
7 7 7.2
7.5 7.5 7.5
ns= ns= ns=

Table 1

Report.
1. Plot the stator current versus dc motor excitation current for each load in the
same figure.
2. Plot the synchronous speed versus the load torque.
3. Is the speed of synchronous motor influenced by the d.c excitation?
4. Why the synchronous motor is not self-starting? Mention the ways are used to
start the synchronous motor.
5. Comment on your result.

4
5

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