THERMODYNAMICS 1 | LECTURE PROBLEMS

1. The temperature of a solution is 31°C. What is this B. 1 J D. 1 Watt

temperature in Kelvin, Fahrenheit, Rankine, Reaumur 14. If the average energy in a nuclear reaction is 200
Scale and Ligem Scale? MeV/fission, what is the power output of a reactor if
2. Two thermometers, one Celsius and the other there are 2.34x1019 fissions per second?
Fahrenheit, are both at the same temperature, but the A. 350 MW C. 750 MW
reading on the Fahrenheit thermometer is exactly B. 850 MW D. 1000 MW
twice that on the Celsius thermometer, what is the 15. During a non-flow process, the internal energy of a
temperature? fluid changes from an initial value of 500BTU/lb to a
A. 250 °F, 125 °C C. 320 °F, 160 °C final value of 440 BTU/lb. If 30,000 ft-lb/lb of work is
B. 350 °F, 175 °C D. 360 °F, 120 °C performed by the fluid, compute the quantity of heat in
3. Compute the temperature difference in degree Celsius BTU/lb added to or removed from the fluid during the
if the inside a furnace temperature is 320°C and the process.
outside temperature is -10°C. 16. When steam expands through a nozzle from a pressure
4. Supposing two liquids of different densities 𝜌1 = of 300 psia to a final pressure of 5 psia and the initial
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 and final enthalpy values are 1187 BTU/lb and 1041
1500 𝑚3 and 𝜌2 = 500 𝑚3 were poured together
BTU/lb, respectively, calculate the final velocity in
inside a 100 L tank, filling it. If the resulting density
𝑘𝑔 ft/s. Neglect inlet velocity, gravitational effects, and
of the mixture is 800 3, find the respective quantities heat loss through the casing.
𝑚
of liquids used. Also, find the weight of the mixture if 17. A steam turbine receives 1,630 kg of steam per hour at
𝑚
the local acceleration due to gravity is g = 9.675 𝑠 2. 340m/s velocity and 3550 kJ/kg enthalpy. The steam
5. 3
If the density of a gas is 0.003 slug/ft , find the specific leaves at 259 m/s and 3020 kJ/kg. Which of the
weight of the gas. following most nearly equals the power output in kW?
A. 76.3 N/m 3
C. 9.04 N/m 3 18. A turbine uses 100,000 lbm/hr (50,000 kg/h) of steam
B. 15.2 N/m3 D. 98.2 N/m3 that enters with an enthalpy of 1400BTU/lbm (3300
𝑘𝑔 kJ/kg) and essentially zero entrance velocity. 10,000
6. Air enters a nozzle steadily at 2.21 𝑚3 and 30 m/s.
hp (7.5 MW) are developed. The exit velocity of the
What is the mass flow rate through the nozzle if the steam is 500ft/s (150m/s). Expansion is adiabatic.
inlet area of the nozzle is 80 𝑐𝑚2 ? What is the exit enthalpy in kJ/kg?
7. A fluid moves in a steady flow manner between two 19. How much power in kW is there in the kinetic energy
sections in the same flow line. At section 1: 𝐴1 = of the atmosphere (density = 1.217 kg/𝑚3 ) at 56kph
2 𝑚 𝑚3
0.10𝑚 , 𝑉1 = 6 𝑠 , 𝑣1 = 0.33 𝑘𝑔 . At section 2: wind velocity? Consider the section that passes
2 3
𝐴2 = 0.2 𝑚 , 𝜌2 = 0.27 kg/ 𝑚 . Calculate the through a 3 meter diameter circular area normal to the
velocity of flow of section 2. velocity.
8. If the pressure at the sea bed is 2,032.56 kpag, what is 20. Calculate the quantity of heat in kiloJoules to be
the depth in km and furlong of the ocean assuming SG transferred to 2.25 kg of iron to raise its temperature
= 1.03? from 20 °C to 240 °C taking the specific heat of iron
A. 0.603505 (3.0) C. 0.201168 (1.0) as 0.46 kJ/kg-K.
𝐵𝑇𝑈
B. 0.804674 (4.0) D. 0.402337 (2.0) 21. A 0.5-l𝑏𝑚 (200-g) glass jar (𝑐𝑝 = 0.20 𝑙𝑏𝑚−𝐹) (840
9. Convert a vacuum pressure of 110 mm of mercury into J/kg-K) contains 5 lbm (2kg) of 70°F (20°C) water. A
absolute pressure in kPa and mmHg. Atmospheric 1/10 – Hp motor drives a stirrer for 15 minutes. What
pressure is 10.5m of H2O. is the final water temperature in degree Celsius
10. Atmospheric pressure boils at 212 deg F. At the neglecting other losses?
vacuum pressure of 24 in Hg, the temperature is 142 22. What is the entering temperature in degrees F if 55,000
deg F. What is the boiling temperature when the gallons of water passes through a heat exchanger
pressure is increased by 40 psia from atmospheric? absorbing 28,000,000 BTU with exit temperature of
A. 263.45 deg F C. 526.34 deg F 110 deg F?
B. 449.42 deg F D. 479.13 deg F A. 47 C. 49
11. 10 BTU (10 kJ) are transferred in a process where a B. 55 D. 45
piston compresses a spring and in so doing does 1500 23. What is the enthalpy of Helium gas if its internal
ft-lbf (2000 J) of work. Find the change in internal energy is 200 kJ/kg?
energy of the system. A. 144.42 kJ/kg C. 223.42 kJ/kg
A. 8.0 kJ C. 12 kJ B. 443.42 kJ/kg D. 333.42 kJ/kg
B. 45 BTU D. 6 BTU 24. A 3.0 lbm of air are contained at 25 psia and 100°F.
12. If a 1/3 horsepower pump runs for 20 minutes. What Given that, what is the volume of the container in cubic
is the energy used? feet?
A. 1.5 MJ C. 3.2 MJ 25. What mass of nitrogen in kilograms is contained in a
B. 0.30 MJ D. 405 kJ 57 𝑚3 tank if the pressure and temperature are 1 atm
13. A machine is capable of accelerating a 1 kg mass at 1 and 21°C respectively?
m/𝑠2 for 1 minute. The machine runs at 60 rpm. What 26. A 0.71 𝑚3 tank contains 4.5 kg of an ideal gas. The
is the power output of the machine? gas has a molecular weight of 44 and is at 21°C. What
A. 1 erg C. 1 cal is the pressure of the gas in pounds per square foot?
 THERMODYNAMICS 1 | LECTURE PROBLEMS
27. Find the work possess for a helium gas at 20°𝐶
A. 609 kJ/kg C. 229 kJ/kg
B. 168 kJ/kg D. 339 kJ/kg
28. Two kilograms of gas is confined in a 1 cubic meter
tank at 200 kPa and 88C. What type of gas is in the
tank?
A. Helium C. Methane
B. Ethane D. Propane
29. Compute the mass of a 2 cubic meter propane at 280
kPa and 40 degrees Celsius.
A. 6.47 kg C. 10.20 kg
B. 5.1 kg D. 9.47 kg
30. Find the change in internal energy in BTU of 5lbm of
oxygen gas when the temperature changes from 100°F
0.157𝐵𝑇𝑈
to 120°F, 𝑐𝑣 = .
𝑙𝑏𝑚−𝑅
3
31. A volume of 450 𝑐𝑚 of air is measured at a pressure
of 740 mm Hg absolute and a temperature of 20°C.
What is the volume in 𝑐𝑚3 at 760 mmHg absolute and
0 °C?
32. A closed vessel contains air at a pressure of 160 kN/m2
gauge and temperature of 30°C. The air is heated at
constant volume to 60 °C with the atmospheric
pressure of 759 mmHg. What is the final gauge
pressure in kPag?
33. An air bubble rises from the bottom of a well where
the temperature is 25°C, to the surface where the
temperature is 27°C. Find the percent increase in the
volume of the bubble if the depth of the well is 5m.
Atmospheric pressure is 101, 528 Pa.
34. A 0.14lbm (0.064 kg) of octane vapor (MW = 114) is
mixed with 2.0 lbm (0.91kg) of air (MW = 29) in the
manifold of an engine. The total pressure in the
manifold is 12.5 psia (86.1 kPa) and the temperature is
520R (290 K). Assume octane behaves ideally, (a)
What is the total volume of this mixture in m3? (b)
What is the partial pressure of the air in the mixture in
kPa?