9709

Mathematics
Paper-5 (S1) Paper-6 (Old)
(Topical Past Paper with Mark Scheme)
(2002-2022)

CONTENTS

Representation of Data--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
UNIT 1.1
Answer Section--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36

Measure of Central Tendency-------------------------------------------------------- 91

UNIT 1.2
Answer Section--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 93

Permutations and Combinations-------------------------------------------------- 101

UNIT 2
Answer Section--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 112

Probability ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 179

UNIT 3
Answer Section--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 199

Discrete Random Variables------------------------------------------------------------ 245

UNIT 4.1
Answer Section--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 263

Binomial Distribution------------------------------------------------------------------------ 309

UNIT 4.2
Answer Section--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 316

Geometric Distribution-------------------------------------------------------------------- 331

UNIT 4.3
Answer Section--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 334

Normal Distribution and Normal Approximation---------------------- 343

UNIT 5
Answer Section--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 359
Unit-1.1 Representation of Data

1. M/J 22/P52/Q1
For n values of the variable x, it is given that
Σ x − 200
= 446 and Σ x = 6846.
Find the value of n.
[3]
2. M/J 22/P52/Q3
The back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram shows the diameters, in cm, of 19 cylindrical pipes produced
by each of two companies, A and B.

Company A Company B
4 33 1 2 8
9 8 3 2 0 34 1 6 8 9 9
8 7 5 4 1 1 35 1 2 2 3
9 6 5 2 36 5 6
4 3 1 37 0 3 4
38 2 8
 
Key: 1 35 3 means the pipe diameter from company A is 0.351 cm and from company B is 0.353 cm.
(a) Find the median and interquartile range of the pipes produced by company A. [3]
It is given that for the pipes produced by company B the lower quartile, median and upper quartile are
0.346 cm, 0.352 cm and 0.370 cm respectively.
(b) Draw box-and-whisker plots for companies A and B on the grid below. [3]

(c) Make one comparison between the diameters of the pipes produced by companies A and B. [1]

Page 1
3. M/J 22/P51/Q3

The times taken to travel to college by 2500 students are summarised in the table.

Time taken (t minutes) 0 ≤ t < 20 20 ≤ t < 30 30 ≤ t < 40 40 ≤ t < 60 60 ≤ t < 90

Frequency 440 720 920 300 120

(a) Draw a histogram to represent this information. [4]

From the data, the estimate of the mean value of t is 31.44.

(b) Calculate an estimate of the standard deviation of the times taken to travel to college. [3]
(c) In which class interval does the upper quartile lie? [1]

It was later discovered that the times taken to travel to college by two students were incorrectly
recorded. One student’s time was recorded as 15 instead of 5 and the other’s time was recorded as 65
instead of 75.

(d) Without doing any further calculations, state with a reason whether the estimate of the standard
deviation in part (b) would be increased, decreased or stay the same. [1]

Page 2
4. M/J 22/P53/Q1

The time taken, t minutes, to complete a puzzle was recorded for each of 150 students. These times
are summarised in the table.

Time taken (t minutes) t ≤ 25 t ≤ 50 t ≤ 75 t ≤ 100 t ≤ 150 t ≤ 200

Cumulative frequency 16 44 86 104 132 150

(a) Draw a cumulative frequency graph to illustrate the data. [2]

(b) Use your graph to estimate the 20th percentile of the data. [1]

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

Page 3
 5. O/N 21/P52/Q7

The distances, x m, travelled to school by 140 children were recorded. The results are summarised in
the table below.

Distance, x m x ≤ 200 x ≤ 300 x ≤ 500 x ≤ 900 x ≤ 1200 x ≤ 1600

Cumulative frequency 16 46 88 122 134 140

(a) On the grid, draw a cumulative frequency graph to represent these results. [2]

(b) Use your graph to estimate the interquartile range of the distances. [2]
(c) Calculate estimates of the mean and standard deviation of the distances. [6]

6. O/N 21/P51/Q2
A summary of 40 values of x gives the following information:
Σ x − k
= 520, Σ x − k
2 = 9640,
where k is a constant.
(a) Given that the mean of these 40 values of x is 34, find the value of k. [2]
(b) Find the variance of these 40 values of x. [2]

Page 4
7. O/N 21/P51/Q2

The weights, in kg, of 15 rugby players in the Rebels club and 15 soccer players in the Sharks club
are shown below.

Rebels 75 78 79 80 82 82 83 84 85 86 89 93 95 99 102
Sharks 66 68 71 72 74 75 75 76 78 83 83 84 85 86 92

(a) Represent the data by drawing a back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram with Rebels on the left-hand
side of the diagram. [4]
(b) Find the median and the interquartile range for the Rebels. [3]

A box-and-whisker plot for the Sharks is shown below.

Sharks

60 70 80 90 100 110

Weight (kg)
(c) On the same diagram, draw a box-and-whisker plot for the Rebels. [2]

(d) Make one comparison between the weights of the players in the Rebels club and the weights of
the players in the Sharks club. [1]

8. O/N 21/P53/Q2
Lakeview and Riverside are two schools. The pupils at both schools took part in a competition to see
how far they could throw a ball. The distances thrown, to the nearest metre, by 11 pupils from each
school are shown in the following table.
Lakeview 10 14 19 22 26 27 28 30 32 33 41
Riverside 23 36 21 18 37 25 18 20 24 30 25

(a) Draw a back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram to represent this information, with Lakeview on the
left-hand side. [4]
(b) Find the interquartile range of the distances thrown by the 11 pupils at Lakeview school. [2]

9. O/N 21/P53/Q3
The times taken, in minutes, by 360 employees at a large company to travel from home to work are
summarised in the following table.

Time, t minutes 0≤t<5 5 ≤ t < 10 10 ≤ t < 20 20 ≤ t < 30 30 ≤ t < 50

Frequency 23 102 135 76 24

Page 5
9. O/N 21/P53/Q3
(a) Draw a histogram to represent this information. [4]

(b) Calculate an estimate of the mean time taken by an employee to travel to work. [2]

10. M/J 21/P52/Q7

The heights, in cm, of the 11 basketball players in each of two clubs, the Amazons and the Giants, are
shown below.

Amazons 205 198 181 182 190 215 201 178 202 196 184
Giants 175 182 184 187 189 192 193 195 195 195 204

(a) State an advantage of using a stem-and-leaf diagram compared to a box-and-whisker plot to

illustrate this information. [1]
(b) Represent the data by drawing a back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram with Amazons on the
left-hand side of the diagram. [4]

(c) Find the interquartile range of the heights of the players in the Amazons. [2]
Four new players join the Amazons. The mean height of the 15 players in the Amazons is now
191.2 cm. The heights of three of the new players are 180 cm, 185 cm and 190 cm.

(d) Find the height of the fourth new player. [3]

Page 6
11. M/J 21/P51/Q5
The times taken by 200 players to solve a computer puzzle are summarised in the following table.

Time (t seconds) 0 ≤ t < 10 10 ≤ t < 20 20 ≤ t < 40 40 ≤ t < 60 60 ≤ t < 100

Number of players 16 54 78 32 20

(a) Draw a histogram to represent this information. [4]

(b) Calculate an estimate of the mean time taken by these 200 players. [2]
(c) Find the greatest possible value of the interquartile range of these times. [2]

Page 7
12. M/J 21/P53/Q1

The heights in cm of 160 sunflower plants were measured. The results are summarised on the following
cumulative frequency curve.

160

140

120
Cumulative frequency

100

80

60

40

20

0
0 40 80 120 160 200 240

Height (cm)
(a) Use the graph to estimate the number of plants with heights less than 100 cm. [1]
(b) Use the graph to estimate the 65th percentile of the distribution. [2]
(c) Use the graph to estimate the interquartile range of the heights of these plants. [2]

13. M/J 21/P53/Q3

A sports club has a volleyball team and a hockey team. The heights of the 6 members of the volleyball
team are summarised by Σ x = 1050 and Σ x2 = 193 700, where x is the height of a member in cm.
The heights of the 11 members of the hockey team are summarised by Σ y = 1991 and Σ y2 = 366 400,
where y is the height of a member in cm.
(a) Find the mean height of all 17 members of the club. [2]
(b) Find the standard deviation of the heights of all 17 members of the club. [3]

Page 8
14. O/N 20/P52/Q5
The following table gives the weekly snowfall, in centimetres, for 11 weeks in 2018 at two ski resorts,
Dados and Linva.

Dados 6 8 12 15 10 36 42 28 10 22 16
Linva 2 11 15 16 0 32 36 40 10 12 9

(a) Represent the information in a back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram. [4]

(b) Find the median and the interquartile range for the weekly snowfall in Dados. [3]
(c) The median, lower quartile and upper quartile of the weekly snowfall for Linva are 12, 9 and
32 cm respectively. Use this information and your answers to part (b) to compare the central
tendency and the spread of the weekly snowfall in Dados and Linva. [2]

15. O/N 20/P51/Q6

6 The times, t minutes, taken by 150 students to complete a particular challenge are summarised in the
following cumulative frequency table.

Time taken (t minutes) t ≤ 20 t ≤ 30 t ≤ 40 t ≤ 60 t ≤ 100

Cumulative frequency 12 48 106 134 150

(a) Draw a cumulative frequency graph to illustrate the data. [2]

Page 9
15. O/N 20/P51/Q6

(b) 24% of the students take k minutes or longer to complete the challenge. Use your graph to
estimate the value of k. [2]
(c) Calculate estimates of the mean and the standard deviation of the time taken to complete the
challenge. [6]

16. O/N 20/P53/Q7

A particular piece of music was played by 91 pianists and for each pianist, the number of incorrect
notes was recorded. The results are summarised in the table.

Number of incorrect notes 1−5 6 − 10 11 − 20 21 − 40 41 − 70

Frequency 10 5 26 32 18

(a) Draw a histogram to represent this information. [5]

(b) State which class interval contains the lower quartile and which class interval contains the upper
quartile.

Hence find the greatest possible value of the interquartile range. [2]
(c) Calculate an estimate for the mean number of incorrect notes. [3]

Page 10
17. M/J 20/P52/Q1

For n values of the variable x, it is given that

Σ x − 50
= 144 and Σ x = 944.
Find the value of n. [3]
18. M/J 20/P52/Q3
Two machines, A and B, produce metal rods of a certain type. The lengths, in metres, of 19 rods
produced by machine A and 19 rods produced by machine B are shown in the following back-to-back
stem-and-leaf diagram.

A B
21 1 2 4
7 6 3 0 22 2 4 5 5 6
8 7 4 3 1 1 23 0 2 6 8 9 9
5 5 5 3 2 24 3 3 4 6
4 3 1 0 25 6

Key: 7 22 4 means 0.227 m for machine A and 0.224 m for machine B.

(a) Find the median and the interquartile range for machine A. [3]
It is given that for machine B the median is 0.232 m, the lower quartile is 0.224 m and the upper
quartile is 0.243 m.
(b) Draw box-and-whisker plots for A and B. [3]

(c) Hence make two comparisons between the lengths of the rods produced by machine A and those
produced by machine B. [2]

Page 11
19. M/J 20/P51/Q7

The numbers of chocolate bars sold per day in a cinema over a period of 100 days are summarised in
the following table.

Number of chocolate bars sold 1 − 10 11 − 15 16 − 30 31 − 50 51 − 60

Number of days 18 24 30 20 8

(a) Draw a histogram to represent this information. [5]

(b) What is the greatest possible value of the interquartile range for the data? [2]
(c) Calculate estimates of the mean and standard deviation of the number of chocolate bars sold.
[4]
20. M/J 20/P53/Q6

The annual salaries, in thousands of dollars, for 11 employees at each of two companies A and B are
shown below.

Company A 30 32 35 41 41 42 47 49 52 53 64
Company B 26 47 30 52 41 38 35 42 49 31 42

(a) Represent the data by drawing a back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram with company A on the
left-hand side of the diagram. [4]

(b) Find the median and the interquartile range of the salaries of the employees in company A. [3]
A new employee joins company B. The mean salary of the 12 employees is now $38 500.

(c) Find the salary of the new employee. [3]

Page 12
21. MAR 20/P52/Q7
Helen measures the lengths of 150 fish of a certain species in a large pond. These lengths, correct to
the nearest centimetre, are summarised in the following table.

Length (cm) 0−9 10 − 14 15 − 19 20 − 30

Frequency 15 48 66 21
(a) Draw a cumulative frequency graph to illustrate the data. [4]

(b) 40% of these fish have a length of d cm or more. Use your graph to estimate the value of d . [2]
The mean length of these 150 fish is 15.295 cm.

(c) Calculate an estimate for the variance of the lengths of the fish. [3]

Page 13
22. O/N 19/P62/Q1

Twelve tourists were asked to estimate the height, in metres, of a new building. Their estimates were
as follows.
50 45 62 30 40 55 110 38 52 60 55 40
(i) Find the median and the interquartile range for the data. [3]
(ii) Give a disadvantage of using the mean as a measure of the central tendency in this case. [1]
23. O/N 19/P62/Q3
The speeds, in km h−1 , of 90 cars as they passed a certain marker on a road were recorded, correct to
the nearest km h−1 . The results are summarised in the following table.

Speed (km h−1 ) 10 − 29 30 − 39 40 − 49 50 − 59 60 − 89

Frequency 10 24 30 14 12

(i) On the grid, draw a histogram to illustrate the data in the table. [4]

Page 14
24. O/N 19/P61/Q5
Ransha measured the lengths, in centimetres, of 160 palm leaves. His results are illustrated in the
cumulative frequency graph below.

180

160

140
Cumulative frequency

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Length in centimetres
(i) Estimate how many leaves have a length between 14 and 24 centimetres. [1]
(ii) 10% of the leaves have a length of L centimetres or more. Estimate the value of L. [2]
(iii) Estimate the median and the interquartile range of the lengths. [3]
Sharim measured the lengths, in centimetres, of 160 palm leaves of a different type. He drew a
box-and-whisker plot for the data, as shown on the grid below.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Length in centimetres
(iv) Compare the central tendency and the spread of the two sets of data. [2]

Page 15
25. O/N 19/P63/Q5

Last Saturday, 200 drivers entering a car park were asked the time, in minutes, that it had taken them
to travel from home to the car park. The results are summarised in the following cumulative frequency
table.
Time (t minutes) t ≤ 10 t ≤ 20 t ≤ 30 t ≤ 50 t ≤ 70 t ≤ 90
Cumulative frequency 16 50 106 146 176 200

(i) On the grid, draw a cumulative frequency graph to illustrate the data. [2]

(ii) Use your graph to estimate the median of the data. [1]

(iii) For 80 of the drivers, the time taken was at least T minutes. Use your graph to estimate the value
of T . [2]
(iv) Calculate an estimate of the mean time taken by all 200 drivers to travel to the car park. [4]

26. M/J 19/P62/Q6

(i) Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using a box-and-whisker plot to represent a set of
data. [2]
(ii) The times in minutes taken to run a marathon were recorded for a group of 13 marathon runners
and were found to be as follows.
180 275 235 242 311 194 246 229 238 768 332 227 228
State which of the mean, mode or median is most suitable as a measure of central tendency for
these times. Explain why the other measures are less suitable. [3]

Page 16
26. M/J 19/P62/Q6
(iii) Another group of 33 people ran the same marathon and their times in minutes were as follows.
190 203 215 246 249 253 255 254 258 260 261
263 267 269 274 276 280 288 283 287 294 300
307 318 327 331 336 345 351 353 360 368 375

(a) On the grid below, draw a box-and-whisker plot to illustrate the times for these 33 people.
[4]

(b) Find the interquartile range of these times. [1]

27. M/J 19/P61/Q4
The Mathematics and English A-level marks of 1400 pupils all taking the same examinations are
shown in the cumulative frequency graphs below. Both examinations are marked out of 100.

1500

1400

1300

1200

1100 English
Mathematics
1000
Cumulative frequency

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Marks
Page 17
28. M/J 19/P63/Q7/i, ii
The times in minutes taken by 13 pupils at each of two schools in a cross-country race are recorded
in the table below.

Thaters School 38 43 48 52 54 56 57 58 58 61 62 66 75
Whitefay Park School 45 47 53 56 56 61 64 66 69 73 75 78 83

(i) Draw a back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram to illustrate these times with Thaters School on the
left. [4]
(ii) Find the interquartile range of the times for pupils at Thaters School. [2]
29. MAR 19/P62/Q5
The weights, in kg, of the 11 members of the Dolphins swimming team and the 11 members of the
Sharks swimming team are shown below.

Dolphins 62 75 69 82 63 80 65 65 73 82 72
Sharks 68 84 59 70 71 64 77 80 66 74 72

(i) Draw a back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram to represent this information, with Dolphins on the
left-hand side of the diagram and Sharks on the right-hand side. [4]
(ii) Find the median and interquartile range for the Dolphins. [3]
30. O/N 18/P62/Q2
The following back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram shows the reaction times in seconds in an
experiment involving two groups of people, A and B.

A B
(4) 4 2 0 0 20 5 6 7 (3)
(5) 9 8 5 0 0 21 1 2 2 3 7 7 (6)
(8) 9 8 7 5 3 2 2 2 22 1 3 5 6 6 8 9 (7)
(6) 8 7 6 5 2 1 23 4 5 7 8 8 9 9 9 (8)
(3) 8 6 3 24 2 4 5 6 7 8 8 (7)
(1) 0 25 0 2 7 8 (4)

Key: 5 22 6 means a reaction time of 0.225 seconds for A and 0.226 seconds for B

(i) Find the median and the interquartile range for group A. [3]

The median value for group B is 0.235 seconds, the lower quartile is 0.217 seconds and the upper
quartile is 0.245 seconds.

(ii) Draw box-and-whisker plots for groups A and B on the grid. [3]

Page 18
31. O/N 18/P61/Q6
The daily rainfall, x mm, in a certain village is recorded on 250 consecutive days. The results are
summarised in the following cumulative frequency table.

Rainfall, x mm x ≤ 20 x ≤ 30 x ≤ 40 x ≤ 50 x ≤ 70 x ≤ 100
Cumulative frequency 52 94 142 172 222 250

(i) On the grid, draw a cumulative frequency graph to illustrate the data. [2]

(ii) On 100 of the days, the rainfall was k mm or more. Use your graph to estimate the value of k.
[2]
(iii) Calculate estimates of the mean and standard deviation of the
the daily rainfall in this village. [6]

32. O/N 18/P63/Q7/i,ii

The heights, in cm, of the 11 members of the Anvils athletics team and the 11 members of the Brecons
swimming team are shown below.

Anvils 173 158 180 196 175 165 170 169 181 184 172
Brecons 166 170 171 172 172 178 181 182 183 183 192

(i) Draw a back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram to represent this information, with Anvils on the
left-hand side of the diagram and Brecons on the right-hand side. [4]
(ii) Find the median and the interquartile range for the heights of the Anvils. [3]

Page 19
33. O/N 17/P62/Q1

Andy counts the number of emails, x, he receives each day and notes that, over a period of n days,
Σ x − 10
= 27 and the mean number of emails is 11.5. Find the value of n. [3]

34. O/N 17/P62/Q2

The circumferences, c cm, of some trees in a wood were measured. The results are summarised in the
table.

Circumference (c cm) 40 < c ≤ 50 50 < c ≤ 80 80 < c ≤ 100 100 < c ≤ 120

Frequency 14 48 70 8

(i) On the grid, draw a cumulative frequency graph to represent the information. [3]

(ii) Estimate the percentage of trees which have a circumference larger than 75 cm. [2]

Page 20
35. O/N 17/P61/Q2

The time taken by a car to accelerate from 0 to 30 metres per second was measured correct to the
nearest second. The results from 48 cars are summarised in the following table.

Time (seconds) 3−5 6−8 9 − 11 12 − 16 17 − 25

Frequency 10 15 17 4 2

(i) On the grid, draw a cumulative frequency graph to represent this information. [3]

(ii) 35 of these cars accelerated from 0 to 30 metres per second in a time more than t seconds.
Estimate the value of t. [2]

36. O/N 17/P61/Q4

The ages of a group of 12 people at an Art class have mean 48.7 years and standard deviation 7.65 years.
The ages of a group of 7 people at another Art class have mean 38.1 years and standard deviation
4.2 years.
(i) Find the mean age of all 19 people. [2]
(ii) The individual ages in years of people in the first Art class are denoted by x and those in the
second Art class by y. By first finding Σ x2 and Σ y2 , find the standard deviation of the ages of all
19 people. [4]

37. O/N 17/P63/Q2

Tien measured the arm lengths, x cm, of 20 people in his class. He found that Σ x = 1218 and the
standard deviation of x was 4.2. Calculate Σ x − 45
and Σ x − 45
2 . [3]

Page 21
38. O/N 17/P63/Q5

The number of Olympic medals won in the 2012 Olympic Games by the top 27 countries is shown
below.
104 88 82 65 44 38 35 34 28
28 18 18 17 17 14 13 13 12
12 10 10 10 9 6 5 2 2

(i) Draw a stem-and-leaf diagram to illustrate the data. [4]

(ii) Find the median and quartiles and draw a box-and-whisker plot on the grid. [5]

39. M/J 17/P62/Q1

Rani and Diksha go shopping for clothes.

(i) Rani buys 4 identical vests, 3 identical sweaters and 1 coat. Each vest costs $5.50 and the coat
costs $90. The mean cost of Rani’s 8 items is $29. Find the cost of a sweater. [3]
(ii) Diksha buys 1 hat and 4 identical shirts. The mean cost of Diksha’s 5 items is $26 and the
standard deviation is $0. Explain how you can tell that Diksha spends $104 on shirts. [2]

Page 22
40. M/J 17/P62/Q2
Anabel measured the lengths, in centimetres, of 200 caterpillars. Her results are illustrated in the
cumulative frequency graph below.

200

160
Cumulative frequency

120

80

40

0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Length in centimetres

(i) Estimate the median and the interquartile range of the lengths. [3]
(ii) Estimate how many caterpillars had a length of between 2 and 3.5 cm. [1]
(iii) 6% of caterpillars were of length l centimetres or more. Estimate l. [2]

41. M/J 17/P61/Q1

Kadijat noted the weights, x grams, of 30 chocolate buns. Her results are summarised by

Σ x − k
= 315, Σ x − k
2 = 4022,

where k is a constant. The mean weight of the buns is 50.5 grams.
(i) Find the value of k. [2]
(ii) Find the standard deviation of x. [2]

42. M/J 17/P61/Q4

The times taken, t seconds, by 1140 people to solve a puzzle are summarised in the table.

Time (t seconds) 0 ≤ t < 20 20 ≤ t < 40 40 ≤ t < 60 60 ≤ t < 100 100 ≤ t < 140
Number of people 320 280 220 220 100

(i) On the grid, draw a histogram to illustrate this information. [4]

Page 23
42. M/J 17/P61/Q4

(ii) Calculate an estimate of the mean of t. [2]

43. M/J 17/P63/Q7

The following histogram represents the lengths of worms in a garden.

12
Frequency density

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Length (cm)
(i) Calculate the frequencies represented by each of the four histogram columns. [2]
(ii) On the grid on the next page, draw a cumulative frequency graph to represent the lengths of
worms in the garden. [4]

Page 24
 43. M/J 17/P63/Q7

(iii) Use your graph to estimate the median and interquartile range of the lengths of worms in the
garden. [3]
(iv) Calculate an estimate of the mean length of worms in the garden. [2]

44. O/N 16/P62/Q5

The number of people a football stadium can hold is called the ‘capacity’. The capacities of 130
football stadiums in the UK, to the nearest thousand, are summarised in the table.

Capacity 3000−7000 8000−12 000 13 000−22 000 23 000−42 000 43 000−82 000
Number of stadiums 40 30 18 34 8

(i) On graph paper, draw a histogram to represent this information. Use a scale of 2 cm for a capacity
of 10 000 on the horizontal axis. [5]

(ii) Calculate an estimate of the mean capacity of these 130 stadiums. [2]

(iii) Find which class in the table contains the median and which contains the lower quartile. [2]

45. O/N 16/P61/Q7

The masses, in grams, of components made in factory A and components made in factory B are shown
below.
Factory A 0.049 0.050 0.053 0.054 0.057 0.058 0.058
0.059 0.061 0.061 0.061 0.063 0.065
Factory B 0.031 0.056 0.049 0.044 0.038 0.048 0.051
0.064 0.035 0.042 0.047 0.054 0.058
(i) Draw a back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram to represent the masses of components made in the
two factories. [5]
(ii) Find the median and the interquartile range for the masses of components made in factory B.
[3]

(iii) Make two comparisons between the masses of components made in factory A and the masses of
those made in factory B. [2]

Page 25
46. O/N 16/P63/Q5

The tables summarise the heights, h cm, of 60 girls and 60 boys.

Height of girls (cm) 140 < h ≤ 150 150 < h ≤ 160 160 < h ≤ 170 170 < h ≤ 180 180 < h ≤ 190
Frequency 12 21 17 10 0

Height of boys (cm) 140 < h ≤ 150 150 < h ≤ 160 160 < h ≤ 170 170 < h ≤ 180 180 < h ≤ 190
Frequency 0 20 23 12 5

(i) On graph paper, using the same set of axes, draw two cumulative frequency graphs to illustrate
the data. [4]

(ii) On a school trip the students have to enter a cave which is 165 cm high. Use your graph to
estimate the percentage of the girls who will be unable to stand upright. [3]

(iii) The students are asked to compare the heights of the girls and the boys. State one advantage of
using a pair of box-and-whisker plots instead of the cumulative frequency graphs to do this. [1]
47. M/J 16/P62/Q5
The following are the maximum daily wind speeds in kilometres per hour for the first two weeks in
April for two towns, Bronlea and Rogate.

Bronlea 21 45 6 33 27 3 32 14 28 24 13 17 25 22
Rogate 7 5 4 15 23 7 11 13 26 18 23 16 10 34

(i) Draw a back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram to represent this information. [5]

(ii) Write down the median of the maximum wind speeds for Bronlea and find the interquartile range
for Rogate. [3]

(iii) Use your diagram to make one comparison between the maximum wind speeds in the two towns.
[1]
48. M/J 16/P61/Q7
The amounts spent by 160 shoppers at a supermarket are summarised in the following table.
Amount spent ($x) 0 < x ≤ 30 30 < x ≤ 50 50 < x ≤ 70 70 < x ≤ 90 90 < x ≤ 140
Number of shoppers 16 40 48 26 30

(i) Draw a cumulative frequency graph of this distribution. [4]

(ii) Estimate the median and the interquartile range of the amount spent. [3]
(iii) Estimate the number of shoppers who spent more than $115. [2]
(iv) Calculate an estimate of the mean amount spent. [2]
49. M/J 16/P63/Q2
A group of children played a computer game which measured their time in seconds to perform a
certain task. A summary of the times taken by girls and boys in the group is shown below.

Minimum Lower quartile Median Upper quartile Maximum

Girls 5 5.5 7 9 13
Boys 4 6 8.5 11 16

(i) On graph paper, draw two box-and-whisker plots in a single diagram to illustrate the times taken
by girls and boys to perform this task. [3]
(ii) State two comparisons of the times taken by girls and boys. [2]

Page 26
50. M/J 16/P63/Q4
The monthly rental prices, $x, for 9 apartments in a certain city are listed and are summarised as
follows.
Σ x − c
= 1845 Σ x − c
2 = 477 450
The mean monthly rental price is $2205.
(i) Find the value of the constant c. [2]
(ii) Find the variance of these values of x. [2]
(iii) Another apartment is added to the list. The mean monthly rental price is now $2120.50. Find
the rental price of this additional apartment. [2]

51. O/N 15/P62/Q1

For n values of the variable x, it is given that Σ x − 100
= 216 and Σ x = 2416. Find the value of n.
[3]
52. O/N 15/P62/Q5
The weights, in kilograms, of the 15 rugby players in each of two teams, A and B, are shown below.

Team A 97 98 104 84 100 109 115 99 122 82 116 96 84 107 91

Team B 75 79 94 101 96 77 111 108 83 84 86 115 82 113 95

(i) Represent the data by drawing a back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram with team A on the left-
hand side of the diagram and team B on the right-hand side. [4]

(ii) Find the interquartile range of the weights of the players in team A. [2]

(iii) A new player joins team B as a substitute. The mean weight of the 16 players in team B is now
93.9 kg. Find the weight of the new player. [3]
53. O/N 15/P61/Q3
Robert has a part-time job delivering newspapers. On a number of days he noted the time, correct to
the nearest minute, that it took him to do his job. Robert used his results to draw up the following
table; two of the values in the table are denoted by a and b.

Time (t minutes) 60 − 62 63 − 64 65 − 67 68 − 71
Frequency (number of days) 3 9 6 b
Frequency density 1 a 2 1.5
(i) Find the values of a and b. [3]
(ii) On graph paper, draw a histogram to represent Robert’s times. [3]

54. O/N 15/P63/Q1

The time taken, t hours, to deliver letters on a particular route each day is measured on 250 working
days. The mean time taken is 2.8 hours. Given that Σ t − 2.5
2 = 96.1, find the standard deviation of
the times taken. [3]

55. O/N 15/P63/Q6

The heights to the nearest metre of 134 office buildings in a certain city are summarised in the table
below.
Height (m) 21 − 40 41 − 45 46 − 50 51 − 60 61 − 80
Frequency 18 15 21 52 28

(i) Draw a histogram on graph paper to illustrate the data. [4]

(ii) Calculate estimates of the mean and standard deviation of these heights. [5]

Page 27
56. M/J 15/P62/Q2

120 people were asked to read an article in a newspaper. The times taken, to the nearest second, by
the people to read the article are summarised in the following table.

Time (seconds) 1 − 25 26 − 35 36 − 45 46 − 55 56 − 90
Number of people 4 24 38 34 20

Calculate estimates of the mean and standard deviation of the reading times. [5]

57. M/J 15/P62/Q3

100

90

80

70
Cumulative frequency

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time in seconds
In an open-plan office there are 88 computers. The times taken by these 88 computers to access a
particular web page are represented in the cumulative frequency diagram.

(i) On graph paper draw a box-and-whisker plot to summarise this information. [4]

An ‘outlier’ is defined as any data value which is more than 1.5 times the interquartile range above
the upper quartile, or more than 1.5 times the interquartile range below the lower quartile.

(ii) Show that there are no outliers. [2]

58. M/J 15/P61/Q2

The table summarises the lengths in centimetres of 104 dragonflies.

Length (cm) 2.0 − 3.5 3.5 − 4.5 4.5 − 5.5 5.5 − 7.0 7.0 − 9.0
Frequency 8 25 28 31 12

(i) State which class contains the upper quartile. [1]

(ii) Draw a histogram, on graph paper, to represent the data. [4]

Page 28
59. M/J 15/P61/Q5

The table shows the mean and standard deviation of the weights of some turkeys and geese.

Number of birds Mean (kg) Standard deviation kg

Turkeys 9 7.1 1.45
Geese 18 5.2 0.96

(i) Find the mean weight of the 27 birds. [2]

(ii) The weights of individual turkeys are denoted by xt kg and the weights of individual geese by
xg kg. By first finding Σ x2t and Σ x2g , find the standard deviation of the weights of all 27 birds.
[5]
60. M/J 15/P63/Q6
Seventy samples of fertiliser were collected and the nitrogen content was measured for each sample.
The cumulative frequency distribution is shown in the table below.

Nitrogen content ≤ 3.5 ≤ 3.8 ≤ 4.0 ≤ 4.2 ≤ 4.5 ≤ 4.8

Cumulative frequency 0 6 18 41 62 70

(i) On graph paper draw a cumulative frequency graph to represent the data. [3]

(ii) Estimate the percentage of samples with a nitrogen content greater than 4.4. [2]

(iii) Estimate the median. [1]

(iv) Construct the frequency table for these results and draw a histogram on graph paper. [5]

61. O/N 14/P62/Q6

On a certain day in spring, the heights of 200 daffodils are measured, correct to the nearest centimetre.
The frequency distribution is given below.

Height (cm) 4 − 10 11 − 15 16 − 20 21 − 25 26 − 30
Frequency 22 32 78 40 28

(i) Draw a cumulative frequency graph to illustrate the data. [4]

(ii) 28% of these daffodils are of height h cm or more. Estimate h. [2]

(iii) You are given that the estimate of the mean height of these daffodils, calculated from the table,
is 18.39 cm. Calculate an estimate of the standard deviation of the heights of these daffodils.
[3]
62. O/N 14/P61/Q1
Find the mean and variance of the following data. [3]
5 −2 12 7 −3 2 −6 4 0 8

Page 29
63. O/N 14/P61/Q4
The following back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram shows the times to load an application on 61
smartphones of type A and 43 smartphones of type B.

Type A Type B
(7) 9766433 2 1358 4
(7) 5544222 3 044566667889 12
(13) 9988876643220 4 0112368899 10
(9) 655432110 5 25669 5
(4) 9730 6 1389 4
(6) 874410 7 57 2
(10) 7666533210 8 1244 4
(5) 86555 9 06 2

Key: 3|2|1 means 0.23 seconds for type A and 0.21 seconds for type B.

(i) Find the median and quartiles for smartphones of type A. [3]

You are given that the median, lower quartile and upper quartile for smartphones of type B are
0.46 seconds, 0.36 seconds and 0.63 seconds respectively.

(ii) Represent the data by drawing a pair of box-and-whisker plots in a single diagram on graph
paper. [3]

(iii) Compare the loading times for these two types of smartphone. [1]

64. O/N 14/P63/Q2

A traffic camera measured the speeds, x kilometres per hour, of 8 cars travelling along a certain street,
with the following results.
62.7 59.6 64.2 61.5 68.3 66.9 62.0 62.3
(i) Find Σ x − 62
. [1]

(ii) Find Σ x − 62
2 . [1]

(iii) Find the mean and variance of the speeds of the 8 cars. [3]
65. O/N 14/P63/Q4
A random sample of 25 people recorded the number of glasses of water they drank in a particular
week. The results are shown below.
23 19 32 14 25
22 26 36 45 42
47 28 17 38 15
46 18 26 22 41
19 21 28 24 30
(i) Draw a stem-and-leaf diagram to represent the data. [3]
(ii) On graph paper draw a box-and-whisker plot to represent the data. [5]
66. M/J 14/P62/Q6
The times taken by 57 athletes to run 100 metres are summarised in the following cumulative frequency
table.
Time (seconds) < 10.0 < 10.5 < 11.0 < 12.0 < 12.5 < 13.5
Cumulative frequency 0 4 10 40 49 57

(i) State how many athletes ran 100 metres in a time between 10.5 and 11.0 seconds. [1]
(ii) Draw a histogram on graph paper to represent the times taken by these athletes to run 100 metres.
[4]
(iii) Calculate estimates of the mean and variance of the times taken by these athletes. [4]

Page 30
67. M/J 14/P61/Q1
The petrol consumption of a certain type of car has a normal distribution with mean 24 kilometres
per litre and standard deviation 4.7 kilometres per litre. Find the probability that the petrol consumption
of a randomly chosen car of this type is between 21.6 kilometres per litre and 28.7 kilometres per litre.
[4]
68. M/J 14/P63/Q1
Some adults and some children each tried to estimate, without using a watch, the number of seconds
that had elapsed in a fixed time-interval. Their estimates are shown below.

Adults: 55 58 67 74 63 61 63 71 56 53 54 78 73 64 62
Children: 86 95 89 72 61 84 77 92 81 54 43 68 62 67 83
(i) Draw a back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram to represent the data. [3]
(ii) Make two comparisons between the estimates of the adults and the children. [2]
69. M/J 14/P63/Q4
The heights, x cm, of a group of 28 people were measured. The mean height was found to be 172.6 cm
and the standard deviation was found to be 4.58 cm. A person whose height was 161.8 cm left the
group.
(i) Find the mean height of the remaining group of 27 people. [2]

(ii) Find Σ x2 for the original group of 28 people. Hence find the standard deviation of the heights of
the remaining group of 27 people. [4]
70. O/N 13/P62/Q4
The following histogram summarises the times, in minutes, taken by 190 people to complete a race.
Frequency
density

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

Time in
0
100 200 300 400 minutes

(i) Show that 75 people took between 200 and 250 minutes to complete the race. [1]

(ii) Calculate estimates of the mean and standard deviation of the times of the 190 people. [6]

(iii) Explain why your answers to part (ii) are estimates. [1]

Page 31
71. O/N 13/P61/Q3

Swati measured the lengths, x cm, of 18 stick insects and found that Σ x2 = 967. Given that the mean
length is 58 2
9 cm, find the values of Σ x − 5
and Σ x − 5
. [5]
72. O/N 13/P61/Q4
The following are the house prices in thousands of dollars, arranged in ascending order, for 51 houses
from a certain area.
253 270 310 354 386 428 433 468 472 477 485 520 520 524 526 531 535
536 538 541 543 546 548 549 551 554 572 583 590 605 614 638 649 652
666 670 682 684 690 710 725 726 731 734 745 760 800 854 863 957 986

(i) Draw a box-and-whisker plot to represent the data. [4]

An expensive house is defined as a house which has a price that is more than 1.5 times the interquartile
range above the upper quartile.

(ii) For the above data, give the prices of the expensive houses. [2]

(iii) Give one disadvantage of using a box-and-whisker plot rather than a stem-and-leaf diagram to
represent this set of data. [1]
73. O/N 13/P63/Q1
The distance of a student’s home from college, correct to the nearest kilometre, was recorded for each
of 55 students. The distances are summarised in the following table.

Distance from college (km) 1−3 4−5 6−8 9 − 11 12 − 16

Number of students 18 13 8 12 4

Dominic is asked to draw a histogram to illustrate the data. Dominic’s diagram is shown below.
Number of
students

20

15

10

0 Distance (km)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Give two reasons why this is not a correct histogram. [2]

Page 32
74. O/N 13/P63/Q4

Barry weighs 20 oranges and 25 lemons. For the oranges, the mean weight is 220 g and the standard
deviation is 32 g. For the lemons, the mean weight is 118 g and the standard deviation is 12 g.

(i) Find the mean weight of the 45 fruits. [2]

(ii) The individual weights of the oranges in grams are denoted by xo , and the individual weights of
the lemons in grams are denoted by xl . By first finding Σ xo2 and Σ xl2 , find the variance of the
weights of the 45 fruits. [5]
75. M/J 13/P62/Q2
A summary of the speeds, x kilometres per hour, of 22 cars passing a certain point gave the following
information:
Σ
x − 50 = 81.4 and Σ
x − 502 = 671.0.
Find the variance of the speeds and hence find the value of Σ x2 . [4]

76. M/J 13/P62/Q3

Cans of lemon juice are supposed to contain 440 ml of juice. It is found that the actual volume of
juice in a can is normally distributed with mean 445 ml and standard deviation 3.6 ml.

(i) Find the probability that a randomly chosen can contains less than 440 ml of juice. [3]

It is found that 94% of the cans contain between
445 − c ml and
445 + c ml of juice.

(ii) Find the value of c. [3]

77. M/J 13/P62/Q5
The following are the annual amounts of money spent on clothes, to the nearest $10, by 27 people.
10 40 60 80 100 130 140 140 140
150 150 150 160 160 160 160 170 180
180 200 210 250 270 280 310 450 570

(i) Construct a stem-and-leaf diagram for the data. [3]

(ii) Find the median and the interquartile range of the data. [3]

An ‘outlier’ is defined as any data value which is more than 1.5 times the interquartile range above
the upper quartile, or more than 1.5 times the interquartile range below the lower quartile.

(iii) List the outliers. [3]

78. M/J 13/P61/Q1

A summary of 30 values of x gave the following information:

Σ x − c
= 234, Σ x − c
2 = 1957.5,
where c is a constant.
(i) Find the standard deviation of these values of x. [2]
(ii) Given that the mean of these values is 86, find the value of c. [2]

Page 33
79. M/J 13/P61/Q3
The following back-to-back stem-and-leaf diagram shows the annual salaries of a group of 39 females
and 39 males.

Females Males
(4) 5 2 0 0 20 3 1

(9) 9 8 8 7 6 4 0 0 0 21 0 0 7 3

(8) 8 7 5 3 3 1 0 0 22 0 0 4 5 6 6 6

(6) 6 4 2 1 0 0 23 0 0 2 3 3 5 6 7 7 9

(6) 7 5 4 0 0 0 24 0 1 1 2 5 5 6 8 8 9 10

(4) 9 5 0 0 25 3 4 5 7 7 8 9 7

(2) 5 0 26 0 4 6 3

Key: 2 20 3 means $20 200 for females and $20 300 for males.

(i) Find the median and the quartiles of the females’ salaries. [2]

You are given that the median salary of the males is $24 000, the lower quartile is $22 600 and the
upper quartile is $25 300.

(ii) Represent the data by means of a pair of box-and-whisker plots in a single diagram on graph
paper. [3]

80. M/J 13/P63/Q6

The weights, x kilograms, of 144 people were recorded. The results are summarised in the cumulative
frequency table below.

Weight (x kilograms) x < 40 x < 50 x < 60 x < 65 x < 70 x < 90

Cumulative frequency 0 12 34 64 92 144

(i) On graph paper, draw a cumulative frequency graph to represent these results. [2]

(ii) 64 people weigh more than c kg. Use your graph to find the value of c. [2]

(iii) Calculate estimates of the mean and standard deviation of the weights. [6]

81. O/N 12/P62/Q3

The table summarises the times that 112 people took to travel to work on a particular day.

Time to travel to
work (t minutes) 0 < t ≤ 10 10 < t ≤ 15 15 < t ≤ 20 20 < t ≤ 25 25 < t ≤ 40 40 < t ≤ 60

Frequency 19 12 28 22 18 13

(i) State which time interval in the table contains the median and which time interval contains the
upper quartile. [2]

(ii) On graph paper, draw a histogram to represent the data. [4]

(iii) Calculate an estimate of the mean time to travel to work. [2]

Page 34
82. O/N 12/P61/Q2
The amounts of money, x dollars, that 24 people had in their pockets are summarised by Σ(x − 36) = −60
and Σ(x − 36)2 = 227.76. Find Σ x and Σ x2 . [5]

Page 35
9709/52 1. M/J 22/P52/Q1 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022

Question Answer Marks Guidance

1  x   200    x  200  B1 Forming a correct 3-term (linear) equation from

 x,  200 and   x  200  .
Accept 6846 – 200n = 446 OE.
Condone 1 sign error.

 200  200n B1 SOI

 200n  6846  446  6400 n  32 B1 3 WWW

2(a) Median = 0.355 B1 Identified condone Q2.

[IQR =] 0.366 – 0.348 M1 0.365 ⩽ UQ ⩽ 0.369 – 0.343 ⩽ LQ ⩽ 0.349.

Subtraction may be implied by answer.

0.018 A1 If 0/3 scored SC B1 for figs Median = 355 IQR = 18.

2(b) Box-and-whisker plot on provided grid B1 All 5 key values for B plotted accurately in standard format
using their scale. Labelled B.
Check accuracy in the middle of vertical line.

B1 FT All 5 key values for A, FT from part 3(a), plotted in standard

format accurately using their scale. Labelled A.
Check accuracy in the middle of vertical line.

B1 Whiskers not through box for both, not drawn at corners of

boxes, single linear scale with at least 3 values stated, covering
at least 0.34 to 0.38 and labelled diameter (d etc) and cm.
Accept as a title.

3 If both plots attempted and plot(s) not labelled, SC B1 for at

least 1 fully correct set of values plotted.

2(c) A comparison in context B1 Single comment comparing spread or central tendency in

context.
Must reference either diameter or pipes.
Not a simple numerical comparison of statistical values such as
Page 36 median, range, IQR or min/max.
 9709/51 3. M/J 22/P51/Q3 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022

Question Answer Marks Guidance

3(a) M1 At least 4 frequency densities calculated

Class 20 10 10 20 30
(Frequency ÷ class width, e.g.
width
440  440 440 
 condone , 
Frequency 22 72 92 15 4 20  19.5 20.5 
density Accept unsimplified, may be read from graph using
their scale

A1 All heights correct on graph NOT FT

B1 Bar ends at [0,] 20, 30, 40, 60, 90 at axis with a

horizontal linear scale with at least 3 values
indicated. 0 ⩽ horizontal scale ⩽ 90

B1 Axes labelled frequency density (fd), time (t) and

minutes (mins) or in a title.
Linear vertical scale, with at least 3 values
indicated 0 ⩽ vertical axes ⩽ 92 (condone
90 used).

Page 37
 9709/51 3. M/J 22/P51/Q3 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022

Question Answer Marks Guidance

3(b) B1 At least 4 correct midpoints seen

Midpoints 10 25 35 50 75

[Mean = 31.44 given] M1 Correct formula for variance or standard deviation

440  102  720  252  920  352  300  502  120  752 (− mean2 included with their midpoints (not upper
[Variance =  31.442 ] bound, lower bound, class width, frequency
2500
density, frequency or cumulative frequency) and
44000  450000  1127000  750000  675000
=  31.442 their ∑f if calculated.
2500 Condone 1 data error.
3046000
[=  31.442  229.9264 ]
2500
Or

Variance =
440(10  31.44) 2  720(25  31.44) 2  920(35  31.44) 2  300(50  31.44) 2  120(75  31.44) 2
2500
202 256  29860  11659  103342  227 697 574814
   229.9264
2500 2500

Standard deviation = 15.2 A1 WWW, allow 15.16[3…]

3(c) 30‒40 B1

3(d) Stays the same, data still in same intervals B1 Frequencies unchanged

Page 38
9709/53 4. M/J 22/P53/Q1 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022

Question Answer Marks Guidance

4(a) Cumulative frequency (cf) graph M1 At least 3 points plotted accurately at class upper
end points (25,16) (50,44) (75,86) (100,104)
(150, 132) (200, 150).
Linear cf scale 0 ⩽ cf ⩽ 150 and linear time scale
0 ⩽ time(mins) ⩽ 200 with at least 3 values
identified on each axis.

A1 All points plotted correctly, curve drawn (within

tolerance) and joined to (0,0).
Axes labelled cumulative frequency (cf), time (t)
and minutes (min), or a suitable title.

4(b) Line from cumulative frequency = 30 to meet graph at t is between 37.5 and B1 FT Not from wrong working. Must be an increasing
42 cumulative frequency graph.

Page 39
 9709/52 5. O/N 21/P52/Q7 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2021

Question Answer Marks Guidance

5(a) Cumulative frequency graph drawn B1 Axes labelled ‘cumulative frequency’ (or cf) from 0 to at least 140 and
‘distance (or d) [in] m’ from 0 to at least 1600, linear scales with at
least 3 values stated.

B1 All plotted correctly at correct upper end points (200 etc.) curve drawn
accurately joined to (0, 0) (straight line segments B0) but no daylight
above 140.
2 Cf scale no less than 2 cm = 20 children .

5(b) [UQ at 75% of 140 = 105, LQ at 25% of 140 = 35] M1 Accept 660 ⩽ UQ ⩽ 720 – 240 ⩽ LQ ⩽ 290.
[IQR:] 700 – 260 If values are outside our range, FT providing scales linear and
increasing cf drawn.

440 A1 Accept correct evaluation of

660 ⩽ their UQ ⩽ 720 – 240 ⩽ their LQ ⩽ 290
with clear indication that graph has been used for at least one of 105 or
35.

2
5(c) [Mean =] B1
Frequencies 16 30 42 34 12 6
16 × 100 + 30 × 250 + 42 × 400 + 34 × 700 + 12 × 1050 + 6 × 1400
140 Mid-points 100 250 400 700 1050 1400
5 or 6 correct frequency values seen.

B1 5 or 6 correct midpoint values seen.

M1 Values substituted into mean formula using their midpoints which must
be in the class – condone 1 data error.
1600 + 7500 + 16 800 + 23 800 + 12 600 + 8400 70 700
Accept or .
140 140
70 770
Condone for M1.
140

505 A1 WWW

Page 40
9709/51 6. O/N 21/P51/Q2 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2021

Question Answer Marks Guidance

6(a)  x (x − k ) M1 Forms an equation involving Σx, Σ(x-k) and k.

 −k =  Accept at a numeric stage with k.
 40 40 
40 × 34 520
−k =
40 40

k [ = 34 − 13] = 21 A1 Evaluated.

2
6(b)   ( x − k )2   ( x − k )  2  9640  520  2 M1 Values substituted into an appropriate variance formula,
Var =  −   = − 2
 = [241 – 13 =] accept unsimplified.
 40  40   40  40 
 

72 A1

7(a) Rebels Sharks B1 Correct stem, ignore extra values (not in reverse).
6 6 8
9 8 5 7 1 2 4 5 5 6 8 B1 Correct Rebels labelled on left, leaves in order from right
9 6 5 4 3 2 2 0 8 3 3 4 5 6 to left and lined up vertically, no commas.
9 5 3 9 2
2 10 B1 Correct Sharks labelled on same diagram, leaves in order
and lined up vertically, no commas.
Key: 8 | 7 | 2 means 78 kg for Rebels and 72 kg for Sharks
B1 Correct key for their diagram, need both teams identified
and ‘kg’ stated at least once here or in leaf headings or
title.

SC If 2 separate diagrams drawn, SC B1 if both keys

meet these criteria.

Page 41
9709/51 7. O/N 21/P51/Q2 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2021

Question Answer Marks Guidance

7(b) Median = 84 (kg) B1

[UQ = 93, LQ = 80] 93 – 80 M1 95 ⩽ UQ ⩽ 89 – 79 ⩽ LQ ⩽ 82

[IQR =] 13 (kg) A1 3 WWW

7(c) Box and whisker with end points 75 and 102 B1 Whiskers drawn to correct end points not through box,
not joining at top or bottom of box.

Median and quartiles plotted as found in (b) B1 FT Quartiles and median plotted as box graph.

7(d) e.g. Average weight of Rebels is higher than average weight of Sharks B1 Acceptable answers refer to: Range, skew, central
tendency within context.
E.g. range of Rebels is greater B0.
Range of weights of the rebels is greater B1.
1 Simple value comparison insufficient.

8. O/N 21/P53/Q2

8(a) Lakeview Riverside B1 Correct stem, ignore extra values.

9 4 0 1 8 8
B1 Correct Lakeview labelled on left, leaves in order from
8 7 6 2 2 0 1 3 4 5 5 right to left and lined up vertically, no commas.
3 2 0 3 0 6 7
1 4 B1 Correct Riverside labelled on same diagram, leaves in
order and lined up vertically, no commas.
Key: 6|2|3 means 26m for Lakeview and 23m for Riverside B1 Correct key for their diagram, need both teams identified
and ‘m’ stated at least once here or in leaf headings or
title.

SC If 2 separate diagrams drawn: SC B1 if both keys

meet these criteria.

8(b) UQ = 32, LQ = 19 M1 (30 ⩽ UQ ⩽ 33) – (14 ⩽ LQ ⩽ 22)

IQR = 32 – 19 = 13 A1 WWW

Page 42
9709/53 9. O/N 21/P53/Q3 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2021

Question Answer Marks Guidance

9(a) Cw: 5 5 10 10 20 M1 At least 4 frequency densities calculated (f/cw), accept

unsimplified and class widths ±1 of true values. May be
implied by graph.

Fd: 4.6 20.4 13.5 7.6 1.2 A1 All heights correct on graph NOT FT

B1 Bar ends at 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 clear intention not to draw

at 4.5 or 5.5 etc.

B1 Axes labelled: Frequency density (fd), time (t) and mins

(or appropriate title). Linear scales between 0 and 20.4 or
above on vertical axis, and 0 and 50 or above on the
horizontal axis. (Axes may be reversed.)

9(b) 2.5 × 23 + 7.5 × 102 + 15 × 135 + 25 × 76 + 40 × 24 M1 Uses at least 4 midpoint attempts (e.g. 2.5 ± 0.5) in
360 correct formula, accept unsimplified expression,
denominator either correct or their Σfrequencies .

 5707.5  41 A1 Evaluated.
 360 =  15.9, 15 48
 

Page 43
9709/52 10. M/J 21/P52/Q7 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021

Question Answer Marks Guidance

(a) Includes all data B1 Reference to either including all/raw data

or further statistical processes are possible that cannot be found
using data from box-and-whisker, eg frequency, mean, mode or
standard deviation not only median, IQR, range or spread which
can be found from both.

(b) B1 Correct stem can be upside down, ignore extra values

Amazons Giants
B1 Correct Amazons labelled on left, leaves in order from right to
8 17 5
left and lined up vertically (less than halfway to next column),
4 2 1 18 2 4 7 9 no commas or other punctuation.

8 6 0 19 2 3 5 5 5 B1 Correct Giants labelled on same diagram, leaves in order and

lined up vertically (less than halfway to next column), no
5 2 1 20 4 commas or other punctuation.

5 21 B1 Correct single key for their diagram, need both teams identified
and ‘cm’ stated at least once here or in leaf headings or title.
Key: 1|18|2 means 181 cm for Amazons and 182 cm for Giants SC for if 2 separate diagrams drawn, award SCB1 if both keys
meet these criteria (Max B1, B0, B0, B1)

(c) [UQ = 202 (cm), LQ = 182 (cm)] M1 201 ⩽ UQ ⩽ 205 – 181 ⩽ LQ ⩽ 184
[IQR =] 202 – 182 = 20 (cm)
A1 WWW

Page 44
9709/52 10. M/J 21/P52/Q7 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021

Question Answer Marks Guidance

(d) [Σ11 = 2132 B1 Both Σ11 and Σ15 found. Accept unevaluated.
Σ15 = 191.2 × 15 = 2868 ]

their 2868 = their 2132 + (180 + 185 + 190) + h M1 Forming an equation for the height using their Σ11 and Σ15.

181 (cm) A1

Alternative method for Question 7(d)

[Σ15 = 191.2 × 15 = 2868 B1 Σ15 found using the mean and raw data methods. Accept
Σ15 = 2687 + h ] unevaluated.

their 2868 = their 2687 + h M1 Forming an equation for the height using their Σ15 expressions.

181 (cm) A1

Alternative method for Question 7(d)

[Σ15 = 2687 + h B1 Σ15 found using raw data method and statement on calculating
Σ15 new mean. Accept unevaluated.
= 191.2 ]
15

their 2687 + h M1 Forming an equation for the height using their Σ15 expressions
= 191.2
15

181 (cm) A1

3 N.B. All methods can be presented as a logical numerical

argument which can be condoned if clear.

Page 45
9709/51 11. M/J 21/P51/Q5 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021

Question Answer Marks Guidance

(a) M1 At least 4 frequency densities calculated, accept

unsimplified.
Class width 10 10 20 20 40
May be read from graph using their scale, 3SF or correct
Frequency Density 1.6 5.4 3.9 1.6 0.5
A1 All heights correct on graph

B1 Bar ends at 0, 10, 20 …, etc. with a horizontal linear

scale with at least 3 values indicated,
0 ⩽ horizontal axis ⩽ 100

B1 Axes labelled: Frequency density (fd), time (t) and

seconds. Linear vertical scale, with at least 3 values
indicated 0 ⩽ vertical axis ⩽ 5.4

Page 46
9709/51 11. M/J 21/P51/Q5 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021

Question Answer Marks Guidance

(b) 16 × 5 + 54 × 15 + 78 × 30 + 32 × 50 + 20 × 80  M1 Uses at least 4 midpoint attempts (e.g. 5 ± 0.5).

Mean =   Accept unsimplified expression, denominator either
 200 
correct or their Σfrequencies
80 + 810 + 2340 + 1600 + 1600
=
200

 6430  3 A1 Accept 32.2

 200 =  32 20 or 32.15
 

(c) A value in correct UQ (40–60) – a value in correct LQ (10–20) M1

Greatest possible value is 60 – 10 = 50 A1 Condone 49. 9

12. M/J 21/P53/Q1

9709/53 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021

Question Answer Marks Guidance

12(a) 60 B1 Accept 60 or 61. No decimals

(b) 65% of 160 = 104 M1 0.65 × 160 (=104) seen unsimplified or implied by use
on graph

136 (cm) A1 Use of graph must be seen.

SCB1 correct value (136 only) if neither 104 nor use
of graph are evident

(c) UQ: 150 LQ: 76 M1 UQ – LQ ; 148 ⩽ UQ ⩽ 152; 74 ⩽ LQ ⩽ 78.

IQR = 150 – 76 = 74 [cm]
A1 Must be from 150 - 76

2
Page 47
 13. M/J 21/P53/Q3

Question Answer Marks Guidance

13(a) Σx + Σy 1050 + 1991 3041 M1 Use of appropriate formula with values substituted,
Mean height = = = accept unsimplified.
6 + 11 6 + 11 17

178.9 A1 15
Allow 178.88, 178 , 179
17

13(b) Σx 2 + Σy 2 193700 + 366400 M1 Use of appropriate formula with values substituted,

= accept unsimplified.
6 + 11 6 + 11

560100 M1 Appropriate variance formula using their mean2,

2
Sd = − their 178.882 [ = 948.289] accept unsimplified expression.
17

Standard deviation = 30.8 A1 Accept 30.7

3
9709/52 14. O/N 20/P52/Q5 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020

Question Answer Marks Guidance

14(a) B1 Correct stem can be upside down, ignore extra values

Dados Linva
B1 Correct Dados labelled, leaves in order and lined up vertically
8 6 0 0 2 9
(less than midway to next column), no commas etc, no extra
6 5 2 0 0 1 0 1 2 5 6 terms

8 2 2 B1 Correct Linva on opposite side of stem labelled, leaves in order

and lined up vertically (less than midway to next column), no
6 3 2 6 commas etc, no extra terms

2 4 0 B1 Correct single key for their diagram, need both resorts identified
and ‘cm’ stated at least once here or in leaf headings or title.
KEY 6| 3| 2 means 36 cm (snow) in Dados SC If 2 separate diagrams drawn, SCB1 if both keys meet these
and 32 cm (snow) in Linva criteria B0B1B0SCB1 max.

4
Page 48
9709/52 14. O/N 20/P52/Q5 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020

Question Answer Marks Guidance

14(b) Median or Q2 = 15(cm) B1 Correct

UQ or Q3 = 28 cm, LQ or Q1 = 10 cm M1 22 ⩽ UQ ⩽ 36 – 8 ⩽ LQ ⩽ 10
IQR = 28 – 10

18 (cm) A1 WWW

14(c) On average the snowfall in Davos is higher B1 FT FT from their 5(b) values for Dados.
Statement comparing central tendency in context

The amount of snowfall in Linva varies more than in Davos B1 FT Statement comparing spread in context
Note: simply stating and comparing the values is not sufficient.
15. O/N 20/P51/Q6

15(a) M1 At least 4 points plotted at upper end points, with both scales
linear with at least 3 values indicated

Page 49
9709/51 15. O/N 20/P51/Q6 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020

Question Answer Marks Guidance

Correct cumulative frequency curve A1 All plotted correctly with curve drawn joined to (0, 0), axes
labelled cumulative frequency, time, minutes

15(b) 150 × 0·76 = 114 M1 114 SOI, may be on graph

k = 45 (mins) A1 FT Clear indication that their graph has been used, tolerance ±1mm

15(c) Frequencies: 12 36 58 28 16 B1 Correct frequencies seen

10 × 12 + 25 × 36 + 35 × 58 + 50 × 28 + 80 × 16 B1 At least 4 correct midpoints seen and used

Mean =
150

120 + 900 + 2030 + 1400 + 1280 M1 Correct formula with their midpoints (not upper boundary,
150 lower boundary, class width or frequency density).

1 A1
38.2, 38
5

12 × 102 + 36 × 252 + 58 × 352 + 28 × 502 + 16 × 802 M1 Substitute their midpoints and frequencies (condone use of
Variance = − mean 2 cumulative frequency) in correct variance formula, must have
150
‘– their mean2’
1200 + 22500 + 71050 + 70000 + 102400
= − mean 2
150

(Standard deviation = 321.76 ) = 17.9 A1

Page 50
9709/53 16. O/N 20/P53/Q7 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020

Question Answer Marks Guidance

16(a) Class widths: 5, 5, 10, 20, 30 M1 At least 3 class widths correct and used in a calculation
Frequency density: 2, 1, 2.6, 1.6, 0.6
M1 At least 3 correct frequency densities unsimplified – FT their
class widths

A1 All correct heights on a histogram using a linear vertical scale

from zero – no FT

B1 Correct upper bar ends (5.5, 10.5, 20.5, 40.5, 70.5) and 4 correct
lower bar ends of 5.5, 10.5, 20.5, 40.5. Condone 0 or 1.

B1 Linear scales with at least 3 values indicated on each axis,

vertical scale from 0, axes labelled ‘fd’ and ‘no. of (incorrect)
notes’, or better.

(b) LQ: 11 – 20 B1 Both UQ and LQ correct

UQ: 21 – 40

Greatest IQR = 40 – 11 = 29 B1 FT Subtract lower end of their LQ interval from upper end of their
UQ interval

Page 51
9709/53 16. O/N 20/P53/Q7 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020

Question Answer Marks Guidance

16(c) Midpoints: 3 8 15.5 30.5 55.5 M1 At least 4 midpoints correct and used

3 × 10 + 8 × 5 + 15.5 × 26 + 30.5 × 32 + 55.5 × 18 M1 Correct formula with their midpoints (not upper boundary,
Mean = lower boundary, class width, frequency density, frequency or
91
30 + 40 + 403 + 976 + 999 cumulative frequency)
=
91
2448
=
91

82 A1 Accept 26 or 27
26.9, 26
91 3

9709/52 17. M/J 20/P52/Q1 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020

Question Answer Marks Guidance

17(a) 5
5 M1 1 – pn n = 5,6
1−   or p + pq + pq2+pq3+ pq4 (+ pq5)
6 0 < p < 1, p + q = 1,
2 3 4
1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1
or + × +  × +  × +  ×
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

4651 A1
0·598,
7776

(b) (1 – P(0, 1, 2)) M1 10 10 − x

Cx p x (1 − p ) , 0 < p < 1, any p, x ≠ 0,10
  5 10  1  5 
9
1 5 
2 8
1 –    +10C1    + 10C2     
 6   6  6   6   6  


1 – (0·1615056 + 0·3230111 + 0·290710) A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified, condone omission of

final bracket

0·225 A1 0·2247 < p ≤ 0·225, WWW

3
Page 52
Question 18. M/J 20/P52/Q3 Answer Marks Guidance

18(a) 11.3 − 10.1 M1 Using ± standardisation formula,

P(X > 11.3) = P( z > ) = P( z > 0 ⋅ 9231)
1.3 no σ or σ 2 , continuity correction

1 – 0.822 M1 Appropriate area Φ , from standardisation formula P(z>…) in

final solution

0·178 A1 0.1779…

18(b) z = −0 ⋅ 674 B1 ±0.674 seen (critical value)

t − 10.1 M1 An equation using ±standardisation formula with a z-value,

= −0 ⋅ 674
1.3 condone σ or σ 2 , continuity correction.

t = 9·22 A1 3 AWRT. Only dependent on M1

18(c) P(8.9 < X < 11.3) = 1 – 2 × their 3(a) B1 FT FT from their 3(a) < 0·5 or correct, accept unevaluated
≡ 2(1 – their 3(a)) – 1 probability
≡ 2(0·5 – their 3(a)) OE
=0.644

Number of days = 90 × 0·644 M1 90 × their p seen, 0 < p < 1

= 57·96

So 57 (days) A1 FT Accept 57 or 58, not 57·0 or 58·0, no approximation/rounding

stated
FT must be an integer value

Alternative method for question 3(c)

 8 ⋅ 9 − 10 ⋅ 1 11.3 − 10.1  B1 Accept unevaluated probability

P <z< 
 1⋅ 3 1⋅ 3 
= Φ ( 0 ⋅ 9231) − (1 − Φ ( 0 ⋅ 9231) ) oe
= 0·822 – (1 – 0·822) = 0·644

Number of days = 90 × 0·644 M1 90 × their p seen, 0 < p < 1

= 57·96

So 57 (days) A1 FT Accept 57 or 58, not 57·0 or 58·0, no approximation/rounding

stated
3 FT must be an integer value

Page 53
9709/51 19. M/J 20/P51/Q7 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2020
Question Answer Marks

19(a) Class widths: 10, 5, 15, 20, 10 M1

Frequency density = frequency/their class width: 1.8, 4.8, 2, 1, 0.8 M1

All heights correct on diagram (using a linear scale) A1

Correct bar ends B1

Bar ends: 10.5, 15.5, 30.5, 50.5, 60.5 B1

19(b) 11 – 15 and 31 – 50 B1

Greatest IQR = 50 – 11 = 39 B1

19(c) 18 × 5.5 + 24 × 13 + 30 × 23 + 20 × 40.5 + 8 × 55.5 2355 B1

Mean = = = 23.6
100 100

18 × 5.52 + 24 × 132 + 30 × 232 + 20 × 40.52 + 8 × 55.52 M1

Var = − mean 2
100

77917.5 A1
− mean 2 = 224.57
100

Standard deviation = 15.0 A1 FT

(FT their variance)

Page 54
9709/53 20. M/J 20/P53/Q6 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2020
Question Answer Marks

20(a)
A B

2 6

5 2 0 3 0 1 5 8

9 7 2 1 1 4 1 2 2 7 9

3 2 5 2

4 6
KEY 1 | 4 | 2 means $41 000 for A and $42 000 for B
Correct stem B1

Correct A on LHS B1

Correct B on same diagram B1

Correct key for their diagram, both companies identified and correct units B1 4

20(b) Median = [$]42 000 B1

LQ = [$]35 000 B1
UQ = [$]52 000

IQR = [$]17 000 B1 FT

(FT if 49000 ≤ UQ ≤ 53000 − 32000 ≤ LQ ≤ 41000 ) 3
20(c) Sum of given 11 numbers is 433 000 M1

Sum of 12 numbers, including new = 38 500 × 12 = 462 000 M1

Difference = new salary = [$]29 000 A1

Page 55
9709/52 21. MAR 20/P52/Q7 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme March 2020

Question Answer Marks Guidance

21(a) 15, 63, 129, 150 B1 Correct cumulative frequencies seen (may be on graph)

B1 0 ⩽ Horizontal axis ⩽ 30, 0 ⩽ vertical axis ⩽ 150 Labels

correct: length cm, cf

M1 At least 3 points plotted at upper end points (e.g. allow 9, 9.5,

10) with a linear horizontal scale.

A1 Linear vertical scale, all points at correct upper end points (9.5
etc.), curve drawn accurately, joined to (0,0)
(condone (–0.5, 0))

(b) 60% of 150 = 90 M1 90 seen or implied by use on graph

Approx. 16.5 [cm] A1FT FT their increasing cumulative frequency graph,

Use of graph must be seen.

If no clear evidence of use of graph

SCB1FT correct value from their graph

Page 56
 9709/52 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme March 2020

Question Answer Marks Guidance

21(c) Midpoints: 4.75, 12, 17, 25 M1 At least 3 correct midpoints used

(39449.4375 implies M1)

4.752 × 15 + 122 × 48 + 17 2 × 66 + 252 × 21 M1 Using midpoints ±0.5 in correct var formula, including
Var = − 15.2952 subtraction of their µ2.
150

= 29.1 A1

22. O/N 19/P62/Q1

22(i) Median = 51 B1
UQ = 57.5, LQ = 40

IQR = UQ – LQ M1 55 ⩽ UQ ⩽ 62 – 38 ⩽ LQ ⩽ 45

17.5 A1 NFWW

22(ii) Result will be disproportionately affected by 110 B1 Affected by an extreme/large value

There is a large outlier
…contains outliers such as 110…
Not ‘mean affected by extreme values’

Page 57
9709/62 23. O/N 19/P62/Q3 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

23(i) 0.5 2.4 3 1.4 0.4 M1 At least 3 frequency densities calculated (frequency ÷ class
width)
 10 10 10 
e.g.  , or  may be read from graph using their scale,
 20 19 19.5 
3SF or exact

All heights correct on graph. A1

Bar ends of 9.5, 29.5, 39.5, 59.5, 89.5 B1

Axes labelled: Frequency density (fd) and speed/km h-1 (or B1

appropriate title). Linear scales 9.5 ⩽ horizontal axis ⩽ 89.5, 0
⩽ vertical axis ⩽ 3, 5 bars with no gaps

23(ii) 19.5 × 10 + 34.5 × 24 + 44.5 × 30 + 54.5 × 14 + 74.5 × 12 M1 Uses at least 4 midpoint attempts (e.g. 19.5 ± 0.5).
their 90 Allow unsimplified expression.
195 + 828 + 1335 + 763 + 894
=
90
4015 803
= or
90 18

11 A1 Final answer not an improper fraction

44 or 44.6 (km h −1 ) NFWW
18

Page 58
9709/61 24. O/N 19/P61/Q5 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

24(i) 156 – 55 = 99 B1 98 ⩽ answer < 100

(ii) 90% of 160 = 144 M1 144 seen, may be marked on graph

(L =) 22 A1

(iii) Median = 15.6 B1 15.5 < median < 15.8

UQ = 18.8, LQ = 12.7

IQR = 18.8 – 12.7 M1 18.5 < UQ < 19 – 12.5 < LQ < 13

6.1 A1 6.0 ⩽ IQR ⩽ 6.2

(iv) The Median higher for Ransha (1st set of data) B1 Any correct comparison of central tendency, must mention
median

IQR lower for Ransha (1st set of data) B1 Any correct comparison of spread, must refer to IQR

Page 59
9709/63 25. O/N 19/P63/Q5 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

25(i) Correct labels and scales B1 Axes labelled ‘cumulative frequency’ (or cf) and ‘time (or t)
[in] min(utes)’, linear scales from 0 to 90 and 0 to 200 with
at least 3 values marked on each axis.

7 correctly plotted points above upper boundaries joined in a curve or line B1 (0, 0); (10, 16); (20, 50); (30, 106); (50, 146); (70,176);
segments (90,200)

(ii) 29 B1 28 ⩽ median ⩽ 30

(iii) 120 seen M1 For seeing 120 in a calculation or marked on the graph

37 A1FT 36 ⩽ Ans ⩽ 39 or FT from their graph

SC1 unsupported answer in range

(iv) Frequencies 16 34 56 40 30 24 B1 Seen. Allow unsimplified

5 × 16 + 15 × 34 + 25 × 56 + 40 × 40 + 60 × 30 + 80 × 24 M1 At least 4 correct midpoints (5, 15, 25, 40, 60, 80) used in a
Est. Mean = calculation
200

7310 M1 Summing products of their 6 mid-points (not lower or upper

200 bound or class width) × their frequencies / 200 (or their ∑f),
unsimplified

36.55 A1 Accept 36.6

Page 60
9709/62 26. M/J 19/P62/Q6 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

26(i) Advantage: comment referring to spread or range or shape B1 Comments referring to quartiles, IQR, Range, median, shape, skewness,
data distribution, spread score B1
Any comments with reference to mean or standard deviation or any other
‘disadvantage’ will score B0
Comments referring to ‘5-value plot’, comparison with another data set,
overview or ease of drawing/plotting/reading require an appropriate
advantage statement.

Disadvantage: comment referring to limited data information B1 Comments referring to no individual data, no information about the
provided number of values, unable to calculate mean, standard deviation, variance
and mode score B1
Any comments with reference to median, shape or any other ‘advantage’
will score B0
Comments referring to ‘size of data set’ or ‘average’ require an
appropriate disadvantage statement.

Comments referring to outliers are ignored in all cases (as outliers are not
in the syllabus content) unless supported by an appropriate advantage /
disadvantage statement.

If comments not clearly identified, assume first comment is the advantage.

26(ii) Not mean as data skewed by one large value B1 Comment which identifies 768 (or ‘a very large number’) as the problem.
Condone the use of ‘outlier’

Not mode as frequencies all the same B1 Comment which indicates that no mode exists
(e.g. all the data is different, there is no repeated number, all the values are
different)

Median B1 Median identified as choice, dependent upon statements for mean and
mode being given, even if incorrect or very general.

Page 61
9709/62 26. M/J 19/P62/Q6 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

26(ii) SC: Mean is identified as most suitable

Not mode as frequencies all the same SCB1 Comment which indicates that no mode exists

Not median as not all values used SCB1 Comment which indicates limitation of median e.g. median is not in
middle of range.

26(iii)(a) LQ = 256 or 256.5 Med = 280 UQ = 329 B1 Median, UQ and LQ values seen, may not be identified or identified
Min 190 max 375 correctly. (Not read from box plot unless value stated)

B1 FT Median and quartiles plotted in box on graph, linear scale

150 200 250 300 350 400 B1 Correct end points, whiskers from ends of box but not through box, not at
time minutes top or bottom of box

B1 Uniform scale from 190 to 375 (need at least 3 linear identified points
min) and labelled ‘time’ and ‘minutes’ (can be in title)

No time axis or time axis with no scale attempt, Max B1B0B0B0

26(iii)(b) IQR =their 329 – their 256 = 73 or 72.5 B1 FT Must follow through only from their stated values (condone if correct
quartiles stated here), not reading from graph.

Page 62
9709/61 27. M/J 19/P61/Q4 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

27 Median Maths = 40 M1 Indication of finding medians, such as mark on graph or reference

marks to 700 pupils, condone poor terminology such as ‘mean’

Median English = 55 A1 Both values correct, condone 54<English<56 but 54, 56 get A0

Median of English is larger than median of Maths B1 Correct statement, median must be referenced within answer.
No credit if statement references ‘means’

Range Maths is 100 or IQ range Maths = 80 – 12 = 68 M1 Evidence of finding either both ranges or both IQ ranges i.e. see a
minus

Range English is 60 or IQ range English = 62 – 42 = 20 A1 Both ranges or IQR correct

Maths marks have more spread then English marks B1 Correct conclusion. Accept standard deviation but must see some
figures

6
28. M/J 19/P63/Q7/i, ii

28(i) Thaters School Whitefay Park School B1 Correct stem can be upside down, ignore extra values,
8 3
8 3 4 5 7 B1 Correct Thaters School labelled on left, leaves in order from right to
8 8 7 6 4 2 5 3 6 6 left and lined up vertically, no commas
6 2 1 6 1 4 6 9
5 7 3 5 8 B1 Correct Whitefay Park School labelled on same diagram on right
8 3 hand side in order from left to right and lined up vertically, no
commas

Key 8 | 4 | 5 represents 48 minutes for Thaters School and 45 B1 FT Correct key for their diagram, need both teams identified and
minutes for Whitefay Park School. ‘minutes’ stated at least once here or in leaf headings or title.

SC If 2 separate diagrams drawn, SCB1 if both keys meet these

criteria

28(ii) LQ = 50 B1 Both quartiles correct

UQ = 61.5

IQ range = 61.5 – 50 = 11.5 B1 FT 61 ⩽ UQ ⩽ 62 – 48 ⩽ LQ ⩽ 52

2
Page 63
9709/62 29. MAR 19/P62/Q5 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme March 2019
Question Answer Marks Guidance

29(i) B1 Correct stem can be upside down, ignore extra values,

Dolphins Sharks
B1 Correct Dolphin must be on LHS,
5 9
B1 Correct Sharks on either LHS or RHS of back-to-back. Alignment ±
9 5 5 3 2 6 4 6 8 half a space, no late entries squeezed in, no crossing out if shape is
changed. Condone a separate RHS stem-and-leaf diagram
5 3 2 7 0 1 2 4 7
B1FT Correct single key for their single diagram, need both teams
2 2 0 8 0 4 identified and ‘kg’ stated at least once here or in leaf headings or
title.
Key: 3|6|4 means 63 kg
for Dolphins and 64 kg
for Sharks

29(ii) Median = 72 B1 72<UQ<82 – 62<LQ<72

LQ = 65, UQ = 80,

IQR = 80 – 65 M1 nfww

= 15 A1 SCB1 if M0 scored for LQ = 65 and UQ = 80

Page 64
970
09/62 30. O/N 18/P62/Q2 Ca
ambridge Interna
ational AS/A Lev
vel – Mark Scheme Octob
ber/November 2018

Qu
uestion Answer Marrks Guidance

30(i) median = 0.225; B1 Correct med

dian (Q2)
LQ = 00.215: UQ = 0.236
6

IQR = 0.236 – 0.215 M1 0.232 < UQ

Q (Q3) < 0.238 – 0.204
0 < LQ (Q1) < 0.219

= 0.021 A1 www
Omission of
o all decimal poin
nts MR-1
If M0 awarded
SCB1 for both
b LQ = 0.215: UQ
U = 0.236 seen

30 (ii) B1 Linear scalee between 0.20 to 0.26 (condone om mission of 0.26) axis
a
labelled (tim p attempted, no lines
me and seconds), at least one box plot
through box xes, whiskers not at corner of boxes

Time
seconds

B1 ft Labelled coorrect graph for A, (ft their median//quartiles), condon

ne
lines throug
gh boxes, whiskerrs at corner of boxxes

B1 Labelled co
orrect graph for B,, condone lines th
hrough boxes,
A 0.200 0
0.215 0.225 0.236 00.250 whiskers att corner of boxes
B 0.205 0
0.217 0.235 0.245 00.258
SC If B0B00 scored because graphs
g not labelleed/labels reversed
SCB1 if botth ‘correct’

Penalty MRR-1 if graphs plottted on separate ax

xes unless both scaales
align exactlly.

Page 65
970
09/61 31. O/N 18/P61/Q6 Ca
ambridge Interna
ational AS/A Lev
vel – Mark Scheme Octob
ber/November 2018

Qu
uestion Answer Marrks Guidance

31(i) 3
300 B1

CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY
2
250
2
200 Appropriatee linear scales starrting at (0,0),
axes laabelled cf and Raiinfall, mm
1
150
1
100
50
0
0 20 40
4 60 80 100 120
RAINFALL (MM)

B1 Correct graaph, points plotted

d at ucb, allow straaight lines or curv
ve

31(ii) M1 Read off fro

om increasing graaph at cf = 150

42 A1 Correct ansswer (41 ⩽ r ⩽ 43

3)

31(iii) Frequencies 52, 42, 48, 30, 50, 28 B1 Correct frequencies

Mean age = B1 Correct midpoints (allow one error)

(10 × 52 + 25 × 42 + 35 × 48 + 45 × 30 + 60 × 50 + 85 × 28) / 250

=9980/250 M1 Using Σfx/250 with mid-points attempt, not cf, cw, lb, ub

= 39.9(2) oe A1 Correct answer

Variance = M1 Attempt at variance using their midpoints and their mean

102 × 52 + 252 × 42 + 352 × 48 + 452 × 30 + 602 × 50 + 852 × 28) / 250 −
mean 2
= 539.59

σ = 23.2 A1 Correct answer for sd

Page 66
9709/63 32. O/N 18/P63/Q7/i,ii Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018

Question Answer Marks Guidance

(i) B1 Correct stem, up or down

Anvils Brecons

8 15

9 5 16 6

5 3 2 0 17 0 1 2 2 8

4 1 0 18 1 2 3 3

6 19 2

Key: 5|16|6 means 165 cm

for Anvils and 166 cm for
Brecons

B1 Correct Anvils labelled on left, leaves in order from right to left and
lined up vertically, no commas

B1 Correct Brecons labelled on same diagram on right hand side in

order from left to right and lined up vertically, no commas

B1 Correct key, not split, both teams, at least one with cm

(ii) Median = 173 B1 Correct median (or Q2)

LQ = 169; UQ = 181 M1 Either UQ = 181 ± 4, or LQ = 169 ± 4 and evaluating UQ – LQ

IQR = 181 – 169

= 12 A1 Correct answer from 181 and 169 only

Page 67
9709/62 33. O/N 17/P62/Q1 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November
34. O/N 17/P62/Q2 2017
Question Answer Marks Guidance

33 EITHER: (M1 Expanding brackets and forming a three term equation involving 27
(Σx = ) 11.5n = 27 + 10n and at least one term in n, without x

M1 10n or 11.5n seen in expression without x

(1.5n = 27 implies M2)

n = 18 A1)

OR: (M1 Dividing coded sum by n and forming a three term equation involving
27 11.5 and at least one term in n, without x
11.5 = + 10
n
M1 27/n seen in expression without x
27
(1.5 = implies M2)
n

n = 18 A1)

34(i) points (50, 14), (80, 62), (100, 132), (120, 140) B1 Correct cfs values seen listed, in or by table or on graph, 0 not
required

cf B1 Axes labelled ‘cumulative frequency’ (or cf) and ‘circumference [or

200. cir or c etc.] (in) cm’.
Linear scales – c.f. 0–140 circumference 40–120 (ignore <40 on circ.)
At least 3 values stated on each axis, but (0,0) can be implied without
stating.
100
B1 All points plotted accurately

0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Circumference cm

342(ii) 140 – 54 = 86 M1 Finding correct value from graph (checked ±1 mm) or linear
interpolation. Subtraction from 140 can be implied

Percentage = 61.4% A1 60.5% ⩽ Ans ⩽ 64.5%

2
Page 68
9709/61 35. O/N 17/P61/Q2 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November
2017
Question Answer Marks Guidance

35(i) Points (5.5,10), (8.5,25), (11.5,42), (16.5,46), (25.5,48) B1 Correct cfs values seen listed, in or by table or on graph, 0 not required

cf B1 Axes labelled “cumulative frequency” (or cf) and

50 “time [or t etc.] (in) seconds (or sec etc.)”.
Linear scales – cf 0–48, time 2.5 – 25.5 (ignore <2.5 on time.)
40 At least 3 values stated on each axis, but (0,0) can be implied without
stating.

30 B1 All points plotted accurately, (5, 10) etc. scores B0. Curve or line
segments drawn starting at (5.5,10) and passing within ‘1 scale unit’
vertically and horizontally of plotted points
20

10

0 5 10 15 20 25
time(sec)

(ii) 48 – 35 = 13 M1 Subt 35 (checked ±1 mm on graph) from 48 or 50,

t = 6.5 sec
A1 6 ⩽ Ans ⩽ 7

Page 69
 9709/61 36. O/N 17/P61/Q4 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2017

Question Answer Marks Guidance

36(i) (48.7 × 12 + 38.1× 7) M1 Accept unsimplified (may be separate calculations)

19

= 44.8 A1

36(ii) Σx 2 M1 Substitution in one correct variance formula

7.652 = − 48.7 2 Σx2 = 29162.55
12

Σy 2 A1 One Σx2 or Σy2 correct (can be rounded to 4sf))

4.22 = − 38.12 Σy2 = 10284.75
7

(29162.55 + 10284..75) M1 Using their Σx2 and Σy2 and their 4(i) in the variance formula
Combined var = – 44.792
19

39447.3
= – 44.792
19

Combined σ = 8.37 or 8.36 A1 4

37. O/N 17/P63/Q2

37 Σ(x – 45) = 1218 – 20 × 45 = 318 B1

Σ( x − 45) 2  Σ( x − 45) 
2 M1 Fully correct substitution in the correct coded variance formula with their
2
−  = 4 .2 Σ(x – 45)
20  20  2
Σx 2  1218 
OR valid method for Σx2 = 74 529 ( 4.22 = −  ) and expanding
20  20 
Σ(x–45)2 correctly
= Σx 2 − 90Σx + 20 × 452 = '74 529'− 90 × 1218 + 40 500 = 5409

Σ(x – 45)2 = 5409 A1

Page 70
9709/63 38. O/N 17/P63/Q5 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November
2017
Question Answer Marks Guidance

38(i) B1 Stem, digits 5, 7, 9 can be missing here, can be upside down

0 22569 B1 All leaves in correct order increasing from stem, (5, 7 and 9 can be
1 000223347788 missing), condone commas
2 88
3 458 B1 Reasonable shape, requires all values of the stem, only one line for each
4 4 stem and leaves must be lined up. Can be upside down or sideways. No
5 commas. Condone one ‘leaf’ error.
6 5
7 B1 Correct key must state ‘medals’ or have ‘medals’ in leaf heading or title
8 28
9
10 4 key 2 8 means 28 medals

38(ii) Med = 17 B1 Median correct

LQ = 10 UQ = 35
B1 LQ and UQ correct

B1 Uniform scale from 2 to 104 (need 3 identified points min) and label
including medals (can be in title)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 B1 FT Correct box med and quartiles on diagram, FT their values
Number of medals
B1 Correct end-whiskers from ends of box but not through box

Page 71
9709/62 39. M/J 17/P62/Q1 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2017
40. M/J 17/P62/Q2

Question Answer Marks Guidance

39(i) 4 × 5.5 + 3x + 90 = 8 × 29 M1 An expression to work out total cost of individual items = 8 ×

mean, x may be implied.

112 + 3x = 232 A1 Correct complete unsimplified expression / calculation

x = 40

(Cost = $)40 A1 Units not required

Total: 3

39(ii) sd = 0 so all cost the same M1 Must see comment interpreting sd = 0, OE

shirts cost 4 × $26 = $104 AG A1 See 4 × $26, $130 – $26 OE. Must have a final value of $104
stated

Total: 2

40(i) med = 3.2 B1 Accept 3.2 ± 0.05

UQ = 3.65 ⩽ uq ⩽ 3.7 LQ = 2.55⩽ lq ⩽ 2.6 M1 UQ – LQ, UQ greater than their ‘median’, LQ less than their
‘median’

IQR = 1.05 ⩽ iqr ⩽ 1.15 A1 Correct answer from both LQ and UQ in given ranges

Total: 3

40(ii) 134 – 24 = 110 B1 Accept 108 ⩽ n ⩽ 112, n an integer

Total: 1

40(iii) 200 – 12 = 188 less than lengthl M1 188 seen, can be implied by answer in range, mark on graph.

l = 4.5 cm A1 Correct answer accept 4.4 ⩽ l ⩽ 4.5

Total: 2

Page 72
9709/61 41. M/J 17/P61/Q1 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2017

Question Answer Marks Guidance

41(i) EITHER: (M1 Dividing 315 by ±30 and + or – from 50.5 need both
∑ x
−k =
315
= 10.5
and no more
30 30

k = 5.5 − 10.5 = 40 A1) Correct answer from correct working

OR: (M1
∑ x = 50.5 × 30 = 1515 , 1515 − 30k = 315 Mult by 50.5 by 30 and + or – 315 and dividing by ±30
need all these

k = 40 A1) Correct answer from correct working. 1200 gets M0

Total: 2

41(ii) EITHER: (M1

var = 4022/30–10.52(=23.817) Subst in correct coded variance formula

sd = 4.88 A1)

OR: (M1
∑ x 2 − 2 ( 40 ) ∑ x + 30 ( 40 ) ∑x Expanding with ± 40Σx and ± 30(40)2 seen
2 2
= 4022 , = 77222
Var = 77222/30 – 50.52 (= 23.817)

sd = 4.88 A1)

Total: 2

Page 73
9709/61 42. M/J 17/P61/Q4 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2017

Question Answer Marks Guidance

42(i) fd 16, 14, 11, 505, 2.5 M1 Attempt at fd (must be at least 3 freq/cw) – may be
implied by graph

A1 Correct heights seen on graph i.e. must see a gap for fd

fd = 2.5 etc.
20
15

10
5

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 time sec

B1 Correct end points of bars and correct widths

B1 labels fd, sec. Time can be optional. Linear axes,

condone 0 ⩽ t < 20 etc.

Total: 4

42(ii) (10 × 320 + 30 × 280 + 50 × 220 + 80 × 220 + 120 × 100) / 1140 M1 using Σ fx / n with mid-point attempt ±0.5, not ends not
class widths

= 45.8 A1

Total: 2

Page 74
43. M/J 17/P63/Q7 9709/63 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2017

Question Answer Marks Guidance

43(i) freq = fd × cw 10, 40, 120, 30 M1 Attempt to multiply at least 3 fds by their ‘class widths’
A1

Totals: 2

43(ii) length <5 < 10 < 20 < 25 B1 3 or more correct cfs heights on graph 10, 50, 170, 200

cf 10 50 170 200 B1 Labels correct cf and length(cm), linear scales from zero (allow
0.5 on horizontal axis)
cf
200 M1 Attempt (at least three) at plotting at upper end points (either 5
or 5.5, 10 or 10.5 etc.)
150
A1 Starting at (0, 0) polygon or smooth curve increasing with
100 plotted points at lengths 5, 10, 20 and 25

50

0
5 10 15 20 25
length (cm)

Totals: 4

43(iii) median = 14.2 B1 Median (accept 13.2 – 15.2)

‘18.5’ – ‘10’ M1 Subt their LQ from their UQ if reasonable from their graph

IQ range = 8.5 A1FT Correct FT using LQ = 10 and UQ between 17.5 and 19.5

Totals: 3

43(iv) mean = (2.5×10 + 7.5×40 + 15×120 + 22.5×30) / 200 M1 Using mid points (± 0.5) and their frequencies from 7(i) in
correct formula

= 14 A1

Totals: 2

Page 75
 44. O/N 16/P62/Q5
Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2016 9709 62

44 (i) cw 5, 5, 10, 20, 40 M1 cw either 4 or 5 etc

fd 8, 6, 1.8, 1.7, 0.2 M1 fd or scaled freq [f/their cw attempt]
fd may be ÷ 1000
fd
8

6
A1 Correct heights seen accurately on diagram

B1 Correct bar ends, accurately plotted on axis

2

B1 [5] Labels fd and capacity (thousands)

Correct horizontal scale required.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Vertical scale linear from 0
Capacity (1000s)

(ii) (5×40+10×30+17.5×18+32.5×34+62.5×8)/130 M1 Σfx/130 where x is mid point attempt (value

within class, not end pt or cw)

= 2420/130 = 18.6 thousand A1 [2]

(iii) median group = 8 – 12 thousand B1 Thousands not needed

LQ group = 3 – 7 thousand B1 [2]

45. O/N 16/P61/Q7

45 (i) Factory A Factory B M1 Attempt at ordering

3 158 factory B
9 4 24789 B1 Correct stem
9887430 5 1468
53111 6 4
B1 Correct leaves factory A

Key: 9 | 4 | 2 represents 0.049g for factory B1 Correct leaves factory B

A and 0.042 g for factory B B1 Correct key need factory A and

[5] factory B and units

(ii) median factory B = 0.048 g B1 using their key i.e. 48, 0.48 etc
or correct
IQR = UQ – LQ = 0.055 – 0.04 M1 Subt their LQ from their UQ
for factory B
= 0.015 A1 [3]

(iii) generally heavier in factory A B1 oe

Masses more spread out in factory B B1 [2] must refer to context, e.g. mass

Page 76
 46. O/N 16/P63/Q5
Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2016 9709 63

46 (i) cf
B1 Horizontal axis from min of 140 to 190 and
60 vertical axis from 0 to minimum of 60 and
two CF graphs on the same set of axes.
45
girls boys Labels: CF; height (ht) in cm; girls; boys in
B1 correct places
30

15 CF graph going through (150, 0) , (160, 20),

B1 (170, 43), (180, 55) and (190, 60)

140 150 160 170 180 190 CF graph going through (140, 0), (150, 12),
Ht in cm B1 [4] (160,33), (170,50), (180, 60) [and (190, 60)]

(ii) 42 (± 1) shorter than 165. M1 Line or reading from 165 on their cf graph oe
subtracting from 60
(18( ± 1))/60×100 M1
= 30% (± 1.7%) A1 [3]

(iii) can see which is taller; see which of boys or girls any sensible comment in context
is more spread out B1 [1]
47. M/J 16/P62/Q5

(i) Bronlea Rogate B1 Correct single stem

6 3 0 4 5 7 7 B1 Correct ordered leaves Bronlea
7 4 3 1 0 1 3 5 6 8 B1 Correct ordered leaves Rogate
8 7 5 4 2 1 2 3 3 6
3 2 3 4 B1 Correct overall shape
5 4

Key 3| 1 | 5 represents 13 kph for Bronlea B1 [5] Single key must have both towns and
and 15 kph for Rogate units consistent with their values

(ii) median Bronlea = 23 km per hour B1 Units not necessary

IQ range Rogate = 23 – 7 M1 Subt their LQ <14 from their UQ>14 from
Rogate leaf
= 16 A1 [3]

(iii) Rogate is less windy than Bronlea B1 [1] Not a comparison of a statistic but
interpretation of information

48. M/J 16/P61/Q7

(i) cf 16, 56, 104, 130, 160 M1 Attempt at cf table (up to 160) no graph
needed accept %cf but give final
cf
160 B1 linear scale minimum 0 to 160 and 0 to
120
120

80 M1 Attempt to plot points at (30, 16), (50,

56), (70,104), (90, 130), (140, 160) up
40 to 2 errors can have a polygon

50 100 150 A1 [4] All points correct from their scale and
Amount spent $
joined up, with (0,0) as well

Page 77
 48. M/J 16/P61/Q7
Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – May/June 2016 9709 61

Question Answer Marks Guidance

(Iii)
median $59 B1 accept 57–60 or ft their graph if used lb,
midpts instead of ub or assume linear
interpolation.

IQR = 82 – 43 M1 Subt a (sensible) LQ from a sensible

= $39 A1 [3] UQ (generous)
Ans ft need a cf graph and UQ 80–84,
LQ
(iii) 160 – 149 M1 41–46
= 11 A1 [2]
Subtracting from 160 can be implied
OR 115 is mid pt of last interval so # of
Correct answer accept 9–16
shoppers is 30/2 = 15 (can be implied)

(iv) mean = (15×16+ 40×40 +60×48+ 80×26 + M1 Using Σxf/160 with mid-points
115×30)/160 A1 [2]
= 10250/160 = $64.1= $64.1

49. M/J 16/P63/Q2

(i) B1 Labels ‘time’ and ‘seconds’, ‘boys’ and

girls ‘girls’ on correct plots and scaled line

boys B1 One box and whisker all correct on graph

paper – ignore boy or girl label

B1 [3] Second box and whisker all correct (on

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 graph paper and ignore boy/girl label) on
Time in seconds SAME scaled line.

(ii) girls smaller range or IQ range than boys /girls B1 Any 2 comments – MUST be a
less spread out oe comparison
girls generally quicker than boys or girls B1 [2]
median<boys median (not mean) oe
boys almost symmetrical, girls +vely skewed oe

50. M/J 16/P63/Q4

(i) 1845/9 (= 205) M1 Accept (1845± anything)/ 9

c = 2205 - 205 = 2000 A1

OR Σx = 2205 × 9 (= 19845) M1 For 2205 × 9 seen

Σx − Σc = 1845
Σc = 19845 -1845 = 18000
c = 2000 A1 [2]

477450 477450
(ii) var = − 2052 M1 For − (their coded mean) 2
9 A1 9
= 11025

43857450 For their Σx2/9 – 22052 where Σx2 is

OR var = − 22052 M1 obtained from expanding Σ( x − c)2 with
9
= 11025 A1 [2] 2cΣx seen

(iii) new total = 2120.5×10 = 21205 M1 Attempt at new total

new price = 21205 – 19845
= 1360 Page 78 A1 [2]
51. O/N 15/P62/Q1
Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2015 9709 62

Σx – 100n = 216 B1 Σx – 100n seen

2416 – 100n = 216 B1 Subst 2416 for their Σx
n = 22 B1 3 Correct answer
OR
2416 216 B1 2416/n seen or 216/n + 100 oe
= + 100
n n eg Σx/n – 100 = 216/n
B1 correct equation
B1 Correct answer
n = 22

52. O/N 15/P62/Q5

Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2015 9709 62

(i) B1 Correct stem can be upside down, ignore

team A team B
extra values, allow 70, 80 etc with
suitable numerical key
7 5 7 9
4 4 2 8 2 3 4 6 B1 Correct team A must be on LHS,
9 8 7 6 1 9 4 5 6 alignment ± half a space, no late entries
9 7 4 0 10 1 8 squeezed in, no crossing out if shape is
changed
6 5 11 1 3 5
2 12 B1 Correct team B in single diagram can be
either LHS or RHS
key 1 | 9 | 4 means 91 kg for team A and 94 kg for B B1 4 Correct key or keys for their diagram/s,
need both teams, at least one kg.

(ii) LQ = 91 UQ = 109 B1 Both quartiles correct

IQ range = 18 B1 2 Correct IQR ft wrong quartiles, LQ < UQ,
not
12 – 4 etc

(iii) Σx15 = 1399 M1 Attempt at Σx15 for either team

Σx16 = 16 × 93.9 = 1502.4 M1 Mult 93.9 by 16 attempt
New wt = 1502.4 – 1399 = 103 (103.4) A1 3 Correct answer

53. O/N 15/P61/Q3

(i) a = 9/cw M1 Using fd = f/cw

a = 9/2 = 4.5 A1 Correct a
1.5 = b/4 so b = 6 A1 [3] Correct b

(ii) fd B1 Correct heights ft their b

4
B1 Correct widths, ie 3, 2, 3, 4 starting
2 either 60 or 59.5

60 62 64 66 68 70 72 Labels fd, time or minutes and

Time in minutes B1 [3] squiggle and bars from 59.5 to 71.5

Page 79
 54. O/N 15/P63/Q1
Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2015 9709 63

coded mean = 0.3 oe B1 Σ(t – 2.5) = 75 B0 until ÷ 250

96.1
sd = − (0.3) 2 M1 Subst in variance formula both terms coded
250
= 0.543 A1 3 Correct answer

Alt: Σ(t–2.5)2 expanded Or

Σt2 = 2033.6 B1
2033.6
sd = − 2.82 M1 Substituting their Σt2 from expanded 3-term
250 expression, 250 and 2.8 in variance formula
= 0.543 A1 3

55. O/N 15/P63/Q6

55 (i) fd 0.9, 3, 4.2, 5.2, 1.4 M1 Attempt at scaled freq [f/(attempt at cw)]
fd
5

4
A1 Correct heights seen on diagram
3 Scale no less than 1cm to 1 unit

2 B1 Correct bar widths visually no gaps

1
B1 4 Labels (ht/metres and fd or freq per 20 m
20.5 30.5 40.5 50.5 60.5 70.5 80.5 etc.) and end points at 20.5 etc. condone 2
ht metres end point errors, scale no less than 1cm to 5m
for 20,30… unless clearly accurate, linear
scale between 20.5 and 80

(ii) (30.5 × 18 + 43 × 15 + 48 × 21 + 55.5 × 52 + M1 Attempt at unsimplified, mid points (at least

70.5 × 28)/134 4 within 0.5)

7062
= = 52.701 M1 Attempt at Σfx their mid points ÷ 134
134 A1 Correct mean rounding to 53

Var = (30.52 × 18 + 432 × 15 + 482 × 21 + 55.52 M1 Attempts at Σfx2 their mid points ÷ their Σf –
× 52 + 70.52 × 28)/134 – 52.7012 mean2
= 392203.5/134 – 52.7012 = 149.496
sd = 12.2 A1 5 Correct answer, nfww

Page 80
 56. M/J 15/P62/Q2 57. M/J 15/P62/Q3

56 mid points 13, 30.5, 40.5, 50.5, 73 M1 Attempt at midpoints at least 3 correct

Mean =
4 × 13 + 24 × 30.5 + 38 × 40.5 + 34 × 50.5 + 20 × 73
M1 Using their midpoints i.e. cw, ucb, 1/2 cw
120 and freqs into correct formula must be
divided by 120
5500
= = 45.8 A1 Correct answer from correct working
120
Evaluating

var =
2 2 2 2 2 2
4 × 13 + 24 × 30.5 + 38 × 40.5 + 34 × 50.5 + 20 × 73 ∑ fx
M1 − their x 2 must see their 45.82
120 120
– (45.8…)2 subtracted allow cw etc
278620
= – 45.8…2
120
= 2321.8333 – 45.8…2
sd = 14.9 A1 5 Correct answer

57 (i)
B1 LQ = 2.6 med = 3.8– 3.85, UQ = 6.4– 6.6

B1 Correct quartiles and median on graph ft

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 linear from 2–10
B1 End whiskers correct not through box
time in sec
B1 4 Label need seconds and linear 2–10 axis or
can have 5 values on boxplot no line
provided correct

(ii) 1.5 × IQR = 1.5 × 3.8 = 5.7 M1 Attempt to find 1.5 × IQR and add to UQ
or subt from LQ OR compare 1.5 × IQR
LQ – 5.7 = –ve, UQ + 5.7 = 12.1 i.e. > 10 with gap 3.6 between UQ and max 10
A1 2 Correct conclusion from correct working
So no outliers AG need both

58. M/J 15/P61/Q2

(i) UQ 5.5 – 7.0 cm B1 [1]

(ii) fd 5.33, 25, 28, 20.7, 6, M1 Attempt at fd or scaled freq [fr/cw]

fd
30
25 A1 Correct heights seen on graph

20
15
B1 Correct bar widths no gaps
10
5
B1 [4] Labels (fd and length/cm) and
0 2 4 6 8 10 correct bar ends
length in cm

Page 81
59. M/J 15/P61/Q5

9 × 7.1 + 18 × 5.2
(i) new mean = M1 Mult by 9 and 18 and dividing by
27 27
= 5.83 A1 [2] correct answer

∑ xt2
(ii) 1.452 = so = 472.6125 mm M1 subst in a correct variance formula
9 sq rt or not
A1 correct Σxt2 (rounding to 470)

0.962 =
∑x 2
g
− 5.22 so A1 correct Σxg2 (rounding to 500)
18
Σxg2 = 503.3088

New sd2
472.6K2 + 503.3K2 M1 using Σxt2 + Σxg2, dividing by 27
− 5.83K2 = 2.117
27 and subt comb mean2
New sd = 1.46 A1 [5] correct answer

60. M/J 15/P63/Q6

cf
(i) B1 Uniform axes cf and nitrogen content
labelled, at least 0 to 70 and 3.5 to
4.8 seen

M1 5 points plotted correctly on graph

paper
3.5 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.8
3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 nitrogen 0 6 18 41 62 70
content
A1 [3] All points correct and a reasonable
curve (condone 1 missed point) or
line segments.

(ii) 70 – their 55 = 15 M1 Subt a value > 41 from 70 (or n/70,

= 21.4% A1 [2] n<29)
Correct ans, accept 18.5 – 22

(iii) median = 4.15 B1 [1] Accept 4.1< median < 4.2, nfww

Page 82
61. O/N 14/P62/Q6
Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2014 9709 62

(i)

ht I10.5 I15.5 I20.5 I25.5 I30.5 B1 At least 4 CFs correct seen on graph
CF 22 54 132 172 200

cf 200 B1 Labels correct, i.e. all of ht, cm, cf

144

100 M1 Attempt at upper end points either 10 or

10.5 or 11 at least 4 upper end points

A1 4 All correct, i.e. points joined up from (3.5,

0) to (10.5, 22)….to (30.5, 200) Straight
3.5 10.5 20.5 30.5 ht (cm)
lines or curve
(ii) 72% less, i.e. 144 less than ht h. M1 144 used can be implied
h = 22.5 cm A1 2 single value in range 21 to 23 inclusive

(iii) var = (72 × 22 + 132 × 32 + 182 × 78 + 232 × 40 M1 Using mid points attempt 7 ± 0.5in correct
+ 282 × 28)/200 – 18.392 var formula incl – mean2
= 74870/200 – 18.392
= 374.35 – 18.392
= 36.1579 B1 At least 4 correct midpoints
sd = 6.01 A1 3 Correct ans
62. O/N 14/P61/Q1
Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2014 9709 61

mean = (5 + (–2) + 12 + 7 + (–3) + 2 + (–6) B1

+ 4 + 0 + 8) / 10
= 2.7
var = (52 + (–2)2 + … + 82) / 10 – 2.72 = M1 Subst in correct var formula must have
35.1 – 2.72 – mean2
= 27.8 A1 3 Correct answer

63. O/N 14/P61/Q4

63 (i) median A = 0.52 B1

LQ = 0.41 B1
UQ = 0.79 B1ft 3 ft wrong units

(ii)

A B1 2 correct boxes ft (i) OK if superimposed

B B1 2 pairs correct whiskers lines up to box not

inside

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 B1 3 Correct uniform scale need at least 4 values on
Time in secs it. No scale no marks unless perfect A and B
with all 10 values shown, in which case score
B1B1B0

Page 83
64. O/N 14/P63/Q2

(i) 0.7 – 2.4 + 2.2 – 0.5 + 6.3 + 4.9 + 0 + 0.3

= 11.5 B1 1

(ii) (0.72 + 2.42 +2.22 + 0.52 + 6.32 + 4.92 +

0.32)
= 75.13 (75.1) B1 1

(iii) mean = 63.4375 B1 ft 62 + their (i)/8

Variance = 75.13/8 – (11.5/8)2 M1 their(ii)/8 – ((i)/8)2
= 7.32 A1 3 correct answer

OR mean = 507.5/8 = 63.4375 B1

Var = 32253/8 – 63.43752 = 7.32 M1 subst in correct variance or standard deviation
formula
A1 correct answer – allow 6.62, 6.93–7.04, 7.260–
7.325

Marks can be awarded in (i) or (ii) if not

‘contradicted’ by further working

65. O/N 14/P63/Q4

Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2014 9709 63

(i) Stem leaf B1 Correct stem (or reversed order)

1 457899
2 1223456688 B1 Correct leaves, ordered in numerical sequence,
3 0268 with ½ ‘column’ tolerance
4 12567

Key 1 4 represents 14 glasses (of water) B1 3 Key must include ‘glasses’ or similar drinking
item

(ii) LQ = 20 Med = 26 UQ = 37 B1 Correct median

B1 Correct quartiles
B1 Correct on diagram ft any wrong med or
quartiles.
Linear scale based upon 3 quartiles plotted
B1 Correct end points of attached whiskers not
10 20 30 40 50 through box
Glasses of water B1 5 Linear axis, label, both must be seen

SC No values stated
3 quartiles on diagram in correct relative positions B2
End points of attached whiskers not through box
correct relative to quartiles B1

Page 84
66. M/J 14/P62/Q6

66 (i) 6 B1 1 Must see in (i)

(ii) freqs 4 6 30 9 8
fd 8 12 30 18 8 M1 Attempt at scaled freq or fd (must be f/cw ) at
least three f/cw
fd

30 A1 Correct heights seen on graph

20
B1 Correct-looking widths from 10, 10.5 etc. no
gaps no extra lines

10

B1 4 Labels and linear axes or squiggle need time or

10 11 12 13 14 secs, fd,
Time (sec)

(iii) E(X) = (10.25 × 4 + 10.75 × 6 + 11.5 ×

30 + 12.25 × 9 + 13 × 8)/57 M1 Using mid-point attempt (not end points) with
their freq or cf at least 2 sensible ones
= 11.7(11.662) A1 Correct mean

Var(X) = (10.252 × 4 + 10.752 × 6 +

11.52 × 30 + 12.252 × 9 M1 numerical attempt at correct variance formula
+ 132 × 8) / 57 – (11.662…)2 with mean2 subt ft their “midpoints” i.e. ucb,
cw, etc.

= 0.547 A1 4 accept answers between 0.547 and 0.610

condone 0.6, 0.60

67. M/J 14/P61/Q1

Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
GCE AS/A LEVEL – May/June 2014 9709 61

P (21.6 < x < 28.7)

 
= P   21.6 − 24  < z <  28.7 − 24  
  M1 Standardising; no cc, no sq rt


4.7   4.7   A1 One rounding to Φ (0.841 or 0.695)

= P (–0.5106 < z < 1) = Φ (1) – Φ (–0.5106) M1 Φ1 + Φ2 – 1

= 0.8413 – (1 – 0.6953)

= 0.537 (0.5366) A1 4 Correct answer

Page 85
68. M/J 14/P63/Q1

Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper

GCE AS/A LEVEL – May/June 2014 9709 63

(i)
Adults Children
4 3 B1 Single stem and key correct – including adults,
86543 5 4 children and seconds
743321 6 1278
8431 7 27
8 13469 B1 Right hand leaves correct shape
9 25

key 3│5│4 represents 53 seconds for B1 3 Left hand leaves correct shape
adults and 54 seconds for children

(ii) Two from:

Children’s estimates more spread out oe
Adults estimates lower B1 oe
Adults are symmetrical whereas B1 oe
children are skewed 2

69. M/J 14/P63/Q4

Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
GCE AS/A LEVEL – May/June 2014 9709 63

172.6 × 28 − 161.8
(i) new mean = 173 M1 Mult by 28, subt 161.8 and dividing by 27 or 28
27 A1 2 Correct ans

(ii) original Σx2 = (4.582 + 172.62 ) × 28 M1 Subst in formula to find Σx2 and attempt to
make Σx2subject, with 2 terms both squared
= 834728.6 (835000) A1 Correct answer

Remaining Σx2 = 834728.6 – 161.82 M1 Subtract 161.82 from their original Σx2
= 808549.36

808549.36
sd of remaining = − 173 2
27
= 4.16 A1 4 Correct ans, accept 4.15 or 3.93

70. O/N 13/P62/Q4

(i) number = 1.5 × 50 = 75 (AG) B1 [1] Must see 1.5 × 50

(ii) freqs are 10, 25, 50, 75, 30 (15, 15) M1 Attempt at freqs not fd
A1 Correct freqs
Mean = (10 × 125 + 25 × 162.5 + 50 × 187.5 M1 attempt at mid points not cw or ucb or lcb
+ 75 × 225 + 30 × 300)/190
= 40562.5/190 = 213 (213.48 …) A1 correct mean

sd2 = 10 × 1252 + 25 × 162.52 + 50 × 187.52 M1 subst their Σfx2 in correct variance

+ 75 × 2252 + 30 × 3002)/190 – (213.48 …)2 formula

sd = 46.5 or 46.6 A1 [6]

(iii) have used the mid-point of each interval and B1

not the raw data [1]

Page 86
71. O/N 13/P61/Q3

Σ(x – 5) = 116 – 18 × 5 M1 Obtaining Σx and subtracting 18 × 5

= 26 A1 Correct answer
2 2 2
Σ( x − 5)  26  967  58  M1 Subst in correct var formula all coded vals
−  = − 
18  18  18  9  M1 Subst in correct var formula all uncoded

Σ(x – 5)2 = 257 A1 5 Correct answer

OR coded mean = 58/9 – 5 = 1.444 M1 Subtracting 5 from true mean and mult by 18
Σ(x – 5) = 1.444 × 18 = 26 A1 Correct answer

Σ(x – 5)2 = Σx2 – 10Σx + 25 × 18 M1 Expanding Σ(x–5)2 3 terms needed

= 967 – 1160 + 450 = 257 A1 Any 2 terms correct
A1 Correct answer

72. O/N 13/P61/Q4

(i)
B1 Linear scale or 5 values shown and labels or
in heading, need thousands of dollars,
B1 Correct median
B1 Correct quartiles
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
House price, 000’s dollars B1 4 Correct end points of whiskers not
through box

(ii) 1.5 × 170 = 255 M1 Mult their IQ range by 1.5

Expensive houses above

690 + 170 × 1.5 = 945
i.e. 957 and 986 thousands of dollars A1 2 Correct answers from correct wkg need
thousands of dollars

(iii) doesn’t show all the data items B1 1 Need to see ‘individual items’ oe

73. O/N 13/P63/Q1

Page 4 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
GCE AS/A LEVEL – October/November 2013 9709 63

73 bars are not touching oe B1 Sensible reason involving not touching, no

gaps, class boundaries, group data not
continuous (may be the negative)

Area not rep by frequency, not used fd, not B1 2 Must be frequency density oe.
labelled fd Wrong height not sufficient.
(Best 2 reasons awarded)

74 (i) (220×20 + 118×25)/45 M1 Mult by 20 and 25 and dividing their sum by 45

= 163 A1 2 Correct answer, 163.3 or 490/3 oe acceptable

(ii) Σxo2/20 – 2202 = 322 M1 Subst in correct variance formula

Σxo2 = 988480 A1 Correct Σxo2

Σxl2/25 – 1182 = 122

Σxl2 = 351700 A1 correct Σxl2

Σxo2 + Σxl2 = 1340180 M1 Subst their combined results in correct

New var = 1340180/45 – (7350/45)2 A1 5 var formula
= 3100 – 3120 Correct answer

Page 87
75. M/J 13/P62/Q2

x = 50 + 81.4/22 = 53.7 M1 Attempt to find variance using coding

in both, correct formula
var = 671/22 – 3.72 = 16.81(16.8) A1 Correct answer
using their var and their mean with
16.81 = Σx2/22 – 53.72 M1 uncoded formula for both

= 63811(63800) A1 [4] correct answer

OR
Σx - 22×50 = 81.4 (Σx = 1181.4) M1 expanded eqn with 22×50 seen
Σx2 -100Σx + 22×502 = 671 M1 expanded eqn with 2 or 3 terms
correct
Σx2 = 671 + 118140- 55000 = 63811 A1 correct answer
Var = Σx2/22 – (Σx/22)2 = 16.81 A1 correct answer

76. M/J 13/P62/Q3

(i) P( x < 440)

 440 − 445  M1 Standardising no cc no sq or sq rt
= P z <  = 1 - Φ (1.389)
 3.6 
M1 Correct area (1 – Φ) oe (indep)
= 1 – 0.9176

Ans = 0.0824 A1 Rounding to correct answer accept

[3] 0.0825

(ii) z = 1.881 M1 ±1.88 or 1.881 or 1.882 or 1.555

seen±
c
= 1.881 M1 Equation with ± c/3.6 or 2c/3.6 only =
3.6
z or prob
(can be implied)

c = 6.77 A1 [3] Correct answer accept 6.78

77. M/J 13/P62/Q5
(i)
Stem leaf B1 Correct stem condone a space under
the 1
0 1468
1 034445556666788 B1 Correct leaves must be single digits
2 01578 and one line for each stem value or 2
3 1 lines each stem value
4 5
5 7

Key 1  4 represents $140 B1ft Correct key must have $, ft 2 special

[3] cases

(ii) Median = 160 B1

LQ = 140 UQ = 210
IQ range = UQ - LQ M1 Subt their LQ from their UQ

= 70 A1 [3] Correct answer cwo

(iii) 1.5 × IQ range = 105 M1 Mult their IQ range by 1.5 can be

implied
Lower outlier is below 35 A1ft Correct limits ft their IQ range and
Upper outlier is above 315 quartiles

Outliers 10, 450, 570 A1 [3] Correct outliers

Page 88
78. M/J 13/P61/Q1 79. M/J 13/P61/Q3

Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper

GCE AS/A LEVEL – May/June 2013 9709 61

78 (i) sd2 = 1957.5/30 – (234/30)2 M1 Subst in formula or expand

sd = 2.1 A1 [2] Accept 2.10

(ii) 86 = 234/30 + c M1 234/30 seen

c = 78.2 A1 [2]

79 (i) females: med $22 700 B1 Any 2 correct

LQ $21700 UQ $24 000 B1 [2] All correct

(ii) males
B1 Uniform scale and labels must see
females Salary, $000
B1 Correct graph for females ft their
quartiles. Line not through box

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Salary in $000 B1 [3] Correct graph for males

80. M/J 13/P63/Q6

8 (i)
80 (40, 0), (50, 12) etc. up to (90, 144) B1 Axes, (cf) and labels (kg), uniform scales from
at least 0–140 and 40.5–69.5 either way round

B1 [2] All points correct, sensible scale (not 12),

polygon or smooth curve
(ii) 80 weigh less than 67.2 kg M1 Subt 64 from 144
c = 67.2 A1 ft [2] Accept anything between 67 and 68
ft from incorrect graph

81 (i) median in 15–20 mins, B1

UQ in 25–40 mins B1 [2]

(ii) fd 1.9, 2.4, 5.6, 4.4, 1.2, 0.65 or

Scaled freq 9.5, 12, 28, 22, 6, 3.25 M1 Attempt at fd or scaled freq
[f / (attempt at cw)]

A1 Correct heights seen on diagram

B1 Correct bar widths visually no gaps

B1 [4] Labels (time / mins and fd or freq per 5

min) and correct bar ends

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
t / Time / minutes
Page 89
82. O/N 12/P61/Q2

Σx –Σ36 = – 60 M1 Expanding brackets ie mult by 24 and

subt 60
Σx = 24 × 36 – 60 = 804 A1 [2] Correct answer

OR x = 36 − 60 / 24 = 33.5 M1 Dividing by 24 and subt from 36

Σx = 33.5 × 24 = 804 A1 Correct answer

Σx2 – 2.36Σx + Σ362 = 227.6 M1 Expanding brackets with 36Σx and Σ362
M1 min
Σx2 – 2×36Σx + Σ362 = 227.6 seen
A1 [3] Correct answer
Σx2 = 27011.76 (27000)

OR 227.76/24 – (–2.5)2 = sd2 = 3.24

M1 227.76/24 – (their coded mean)2 seen
M1 Σx2/24 – ( x )2 = their var if +ve seen o.e.
Σx2/24 – (33.5)2 = 3.24
A1 Correct answer
Σx2 = 27011.76 (27000)

Page 90
 Unit-1.2 Measure of Central Tendency
1. M/J 22/P53/Q2
Twenty children were asked to estimate the height of a particular tree. Their estimates, in metres, were
as follows.
4.1 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.4
5.5 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.8 6.9 19.4
(a) Find the mean of the estimated heights. [1]
(b) Find the median of the estimated heights. [1]
(c) Give a reason why the median is likely to be more suitable than the mean as a measure of the
central tendency for this information. [1]
2. O/N 19/P61/Q3
The mean and standard deviation of 20 values of x are 60 and 4 respectively.
(i) Find the values of Σ x and Σ x2 . [3]
Another 10 values of x are such that their sum is 550 and the sum of their squares is 40 500.
(ii) Find the mean and standard deviation of all these 30 values of x. [4]
3. M/J 19/P61/Q1
The times, t seconds, taken to swim 100 m were recorded for a group of 9 swimmers and were found
to be as follows.
95 126 117 135 120 125 114 119 136
(i) Find the values of Σ t − 120
and Σ t − 120
2 . [2]
(ii) Using your values found in part (i), calculate the variance of t. [2]

4. M/J 19/P63/Q7 iii,iv

The times in minutes taken by 13 pupils at each of two schools in a cross-country race are recorded
in the table below.

Thaters School 38 43 48 52 54 56 57 58 58 61 62 66 75
Whitefay Park School 45 47 53 56 56 61 64 66 69 73 75 78 83
The times taken by pupils at Whitefay Park School are denoted by x minutes.

(iii) Find the value of Σ x − 60
2 . [2]

(iv) It is given that Σ x − 60
= 46. Use this result, together with your answer to part (iii), to find the
variance of x. [2]
5. MAR 19/P62/Q2
For 40 values of the variable x, it is given that Σ x − c
2 = 3099.2, where c is a constant. The standard
deviation of these values of x is 3.2.
(i) Find the value of Σ x − c
. [3]
(ii) Given that c = 50, find the mean of these values of x. [1]

6. O/N 18/P62/Q5
The Quivers Archery club has 12 Junior members and 20 Senior members. For the Junior members,
the mean age is 15.5 years and the standard deviation of the ages is 1.2 years. The ages of the Senior
members are summarised by Σ y = 910 and Σ y2 = 42 850, where y is the age of a Senior member in
years.

(i) Find the mean age of all 32 members of the club. [2]
(ii) Find the standard deviation of the ages of all 32 members of the club. [4]

Page 91
7. O/N 18/P63/Q7 iii
The heights, in cm, of the 11 members of the Anvils athletics team and the 11 members of the Brecons
swimming team are shown below.

Anvils 173 158 180 196 175 165 170 169 181 184 172
Brecons 166 170 171 172 172 178 181 182 183 183 192
The heights of the 11 members of the Anvils are denoted by x cm. It is given that Σ x = 1923 and
Σ x2 = 337 221. The Anvils are joined by 3 new members whose heights are 166 cm, 172 cm and
182 cm.

(i) Find the standard deviation of the heights of all 14 members of the Anvils. [4]

Page 92
9709/53 Unit-1.2 Measure of Central Tendency Answer May/June 2022

Question Answer Marks Guidance

1(a) 123.4  B1 1234

 20   6.17
Accept 6 m 17 cm, .
  200

1(b) 10th  11th 5.4  5.5 B1 Accept 5 m 45 cm.

  5.45 (m)
2 2

1(c) The mean is unduly influenced by an extreme value, 19.4. B1 1 Comment must be within context.
2. O/N 19/P61/Q3

2(i) ∑ x = 60 × 20 = 1200 B1

∑ x2 M1 Correct variance formula used, condone = 4

− 602 = 42
20

∑ x 2 = 3616 × 20 = 72320 A1 Exact value

2(ii) ∑ x = 1200 + 550 = 1750 M1 Summing both values of ∑ x and ∑ x 2

∑ x 2 = 72320 + 40500 = 112800

their 1750 B1FT FT their 1750 (not 550 or 1200)/their(20+10), accept

Mean = = 58.3 unsimplified
30

their 112820  their 1750 

2 M1 substitute their Σx and Σx2 into correct variance formula
Variance = −  ( = 357.89 )
30  30 

s.d. = 18.9 A1

Page 93
9709/61 3. M/J 19/P61/Q1 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

3(i) Σ(t – 120) = –25 + 6 − 3 + 15 + 0 + 5 – 6 – 1+ 16 = 7 M1 Attempt to sum both (t – 120) and (t – 120)2 Correct ans using
Σt – 9 × 120 and Σ (t – 120)2 M1A1

Σ(t – 120)2 = 252 + 62 + 32 + 152 + 02 + 52 + 62 + 12 + 162 A1 Both correct, www, SC correct ans no working B1B1
= 1213

3(ii) ∑ ( t − 120 )
2
 ∑ ( t − 120 )  their 1213  their 7 2
2 M1 Using two coded values in correct formula including finding Σt from 7 etc
Var = −  = − 
9  9  9  9 

= 134(.2) A1 Correct answer

SC if correct variance obtained by another method from raw data
give SCB1

4. M/J 19/P63/Q7 iii,iv

4(i) Σ(x – 60)2 = (–15)2 + (–13)2 + (–7)2 + (–4)2 + (–4)2 + 12 + 42 + 62 + M1 Summing squares with at least 5 correct unsimplified terms
92 + 132 + 232 + 152 + 182

= 1856 A1 Exact value

4(ii) Var = mean of coded squares – (coded mean) 2 M1

∑ ( x − 60 )  ∑ ( x − 60 ) 
2 2

= − 
13  13  Using two coded values in correct formula (variance or sd)

their 1856  46 
2 A1 Correct answer
Var = − 
13  13  SC if correct variance obtained by another method give SCB1
= 130

Page 94
9709/62 5. MAR 19/P62/Q2 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme March 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

5(i) ∑( x − c)
2
 ∑ ( x − c) 
2 M1 Use correct formula with values substituted
σ =
2
− 
n  n 
3099.2  ∑ ( x − c ) 
2
2
3.2 = − 
40  40 

 ∑ ( x − c) 
2 M1  ∑ ( x − c) 
2

  = 67.24 : Rearrange to make their   the subject, unsimplified.

 40   40 
∑ ( x − c ) = 40 × 67.24

= 328 A1 3 Exact value, cao

5(ii) ∑ x − 40c = their (i) B1FT FT their (i)

their (i)
Mean = + 50
40
= 58.2 1

6(i) 15.5 × 12 + 910 M1 Unsimplified total age divided by their total members (not 12, 20
12 + 20 or 2)

=34.25 or 34¼ (years) A1 Correct exact answer (isw rounding), oe (34 years 3 months)

6(ii) Considering Juniors: M1 ∑ x2

− 15.52 = 1.22 , k = 12 or 20
∑ x2 k
variance = − 15.52 = 1.22
12

∑ x 2 = 2900.28 A1 Answer wrt 2900

Considering whole group: M1 Their 45750 > 42850 (not 85700 or rounding to 1.8 × 109) in correct
∑ z 2 = ∑ x 2 + ∑ y 2 = 2900.28 + 42850 = 45750 variance or std deviation formula (Σx2 and addition may not be
seen)
∑ z2 their 45750
− ( their 34.25 )
2
Variance = − µ2 =
32 12 + 20
(= 256.63)

s d = 16.0(2) A1 Correct final answer, condone 16.03

Page 95
9709/63 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018

Question Answer Marks Guidance

7(i) Σx = 1923 + 166 + 172 + 182 (= 2443) M1 Correct unsimplified expression for ∑ x and ∑ x 2 , may be implied
∑ x 2 = 337221 + 1662 + 1722 + 1822 (= 427485)

∑ x 2443 M1 Correct unsimplified mean

Mean = = = 174.5
14 14
2
∑ x2  ∑ x  427485  2443 
2 M1 Correct unsimplified variance using 14, their Σx and their Σx2, not
Variance = −  = −  using 1923 and/or 337221
14  14  14  14 

S d = 9.19 A1 Correct answer

Page 96
Unit-2 Permutations and Combinations
1. M/J 22/P52/Q6

1. (a) Find the number of different arrangements of the 9 letters in the word CROCODILE. [1]
(b) Find the number of different arrangements of the 9 letters in the word CROCODILE in which
there is a C at each end and the two Os are not together. [3]
(c) Four letters are selected from the 9 letters in the word CROCODILE.
Find the number of selections in which the number of Cs is not the same as the number of Os.
[3]
(d) Find the number of ways in which the 9 letters in the word CROCODILE can be divided into
three groups, each containing three letters, if the two Cs must be in different groups. [3]

2. M/J 22/P51/Q1

(a) Find the number of different arrangements of the 8 letters in the word DECEIVED in which all
three Es are together and the two Ds are together. [2]
(b) Find the number of different arrangements of the 8 letters in the word DECEIVED in which the
three Es are not all together. [4]
3. M/J 22/P51/Q2
There are 6 men and 8 women in a Book Club. The committee of the club consists of five of its
members. Mr Lan and Mrs Lan are members of the club.

(a) In how many different ways can the committee be selected if exactly one of Mr Lan and Mrs Lan
must be on the committee? [2]
(b) In how many different ways can the committee be selected if Mrs Lan must be on the committee
and there must be more women than men on the committee? [4]
4. M/J 22/P53/Q7
A group of 15 friends visit an adventure park. The group consists of four families.
• Mr and Mrs Kenny and their four children
• Mr and Mrs Lizo and their three children
• Mrs Martin and her child
• Mr and Mrs Nantes
The group travel to the park in three cars, one containing 6 people, one containing 5 people and one
containing 4 people. The cars are driven by Mr Lizo, Mrs Martin and Mr Nantes respectively.

(a) In how many different ways can the remaining 12 members of the group be divided between the
three cars? [3]
The group enter the park by walking through a gate one at a time.

(b) In how many different orders can the 15 friends go through the gate if Mr Lizo goes first and
each family stays together? [3]
In the park, the group enter a competition which requires a team of 4 adults and 3 children.

(c) In how many ways can the team be chosen from the group of 15 so that the 3 children are all
from different families? [2]
(d) In how many ways can the team be chosen so that at least one of Mr Kenny or Mr Lizo is
included? [3]
5. O/N 21/P52/Q2
A group of 6 people is to be chosen from 4 men and 11 women.
(a) In how many different ways can a group of 6 be chosen if it must contain exactly 1 man? [2]
Two of the 11 women are sisters Jane and Kate.
(b) In how many different ways can a group of 6 be chosen if Jane and Kate cannot both be in the
group? [3]

Page 97
6. O/N 21/P52/Q4
(a) In how many different ways can the 9 letters of the word TELESCOPE be arranged? [2]
(b) In how many different ways can the 9 letters of the word TELESCOPE be arranged so that there
are exactly two letters between the T and the C? [4]

7. O/N 21/P51/Q5
Raman and Sanjay are members of a quiz team which has 9 members in total. Two photographs of
the quiz team are to be taken.
For the first photograph, the 9 members will stand in a line.
(a) How many different arrangements of the 9 members are possible in which Raman will be at the
centre of the line? [1]
(b) How many different arrangements of the 9 members are possible in which Raman and Sanjay are
not next to each other? [3]
For the second photograph, the members will stand in two rows, with 5 in the back row and 4 in the
front row.
(c) In how many different ways can the 9 members be divided into a group of 5 and a group of 4?
[2]
(d) For a random division into a group of 5 and a group of 4, find the probability that Raman and
Sanjay are in the same group as each other. [4]

8. O/N 21/P53/Q1
The 26 members of the local sports club include Mr and Mrs Khan and their son Abad. The club is
holding a party to celebrate Abad’s birthday, but there is only room for 20 people to attend.

In how many ways can the 20 people be chosen from the 26 members of the club, given that Mr and
Mrs Khan and Abad must be included? [2]

9. O/N 21/P53/Q5
A security code consists of 2 letters followed by a 4-digit number. The letters are chosen from
{A, B, C, D, E} and the digits are chosen from {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. No letter or digit may appear more
than once. An example of a code is BE3216.

(a) How many different codes can be formed? [2]

(b) Find the number of different codes that include the letter A or the digit 5 or both. [3]
A security code is formed at random.
(c) Find the probability that the code is DE followed by a number between 4500 and 5000. [3]

10. M/J 21/P52/Q6

(a) Find the total number of different arrangements of the 8 letters in the word TOMORROW. [2]
(b) Find the total number of different arrangements of the 8 letters in the word TOMORROW that
have an R at the beginning and an R at the end, and in which the three Os are not all together.
Four letters are selected at random from the 8 letters of the word TOMORROW. [3]
(c) Find the probability that the selection contains at least one O and at least one R. [5]

11. M/J 21/P51/Q1

A bag contains 12 marbles, each of a different size. 8 of the marbles are red and 4 of the marbles are
blue.
How many different selections of 5 marbles contain at least 4 marbles of the same colour? [4]
12. M/J 21/P51/Q3
(a) How many different arrangements are there of the 8 letters in the word RELEASED? [1]
(b) How many different arrangements are there of the 8 letters in the word RELEASED in which the
letters LED appear together in that order? [3]
(c) An arrangement of the 8 letters in the word RELEASED is chosen at random.
Find the probability that the letters A and D are not together. [4]
Page 98
13. M/J 21/P53/Q4
Three fair six-sided dice, each with faces marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, are thrown at the same time,
repeatedly. For a single throw of the three dice, the score is the sum of the numbers on the top faces.

(a) Find the probability that the score is 4 on a single throw of the three dice. [3]
(b) Find the probability that a score of 18 is obtained for the first time on the 5th throw of the three
dice. [3]
14. M/J 21/P53/Q6
(a) How many different arrangements are there of the 11 letters in the word REQUIREMENT? [2]
(b) How many different arrangements are there of the 11 letters in the word REQUIREMENT in
which the two Rs are together and the three Es are together? [1]
(c) How many different arrangements are there of the 11 letters in the word REQUIREMENT in
which there are exactly three letters between the two Rs? [3]
Five of the 11 letters in the word REQUIREMENT are selected.

(d) How many possible selections contain at least two Es and at least one R? [4]

15. O/N 20/P52/Q6

Mr and Mrs Ahmed with their two children, and Mr and Mrs Baker with their three children, are
visiting an activity centre together. They will divide into groups for some of the activities.
(a) In how many ways can the 9 people be divided into a group of 6 and a group of 3? [2]
5 of the 9 people are selected at random for a particular activity.
(b) Find the probability that this group of 5 people contains all 3 of the Baker children. [3]
All 9 people stand in a line.
(c) Find the number of different arrangements in which Mr Ahmed is not standing next to Mr Baker.
[3]
(d) Find the number of different arrangements in which there is exactly one person between
Mr Ahmed and Mr Baker. [3]
16. O/N 20/P51/Q7

(a) Find the number of different ways in which the 10 letters of the word SHOPKEEPER can be
arranged so that all 3 Es are together. [2]
(b) Find the number of different ways in which the 10 letters of the word SHOPKEEPER can be
arranged so that the Ps are not next to each other. [4]
(c) Find the probability that a randomly chosen arrangement of the 10 letters of the word
SHOPKEEPER has an E at the beginning and an E at the end. [2]
Four letters are selected from the 10 letters of the word SHOPKEEPER.

(d) Find the number of different selections if the four letters include exactly one P. [3]

17. O/N 20/P53/Q3

A committee of 6 people is to be chosen from 9 women and 5 men.
(a) Find the number of ways in which the 6 people can be chosen if there must be more women than
men on the committee. [3]
The 9 women and 5 men include a sister and brother.
(b) Find the number of ways in which the committee can be chosen if the sister and brother cannot
both be on the committee. [3]
18. O/N 20/P53/Q5
The 8 letters in the word RESERVED are arranged in a random order.
(a) Find the probability that the arrangement has V as the first letter and E as the last letter. [3]
(b) Find the probability that the arrangement has both Rs together given that all three Es are together.
[4]

Page 99
19. M/J 20/P52/Q6

(a) Find the number of different ways in which the 10 letters of the word SUMMERTIME can be
arranged so that there is an E at the beginning and an E at the end. [2]
(b) Find the number of different ways in which the 10 letters of the word SUMMERTIME can be
arranged so that the Es are not together. [4]
(c) Four letters are selected from the 10 letters of the word SUMMERTIME. Find the number of
different selections if the four letters include at least one M and exactly one E. [3]

20. M/J 20/P51/Q2

(a) Find the number of different arrangements that can be made from the 9 letters of the word
JEWELLERY in which the three Es are together and the two Ls are together. [2]
(b) Find the number of different arrangements that can be made from the 9 letters of the word
JEWELLERY in which the two Ls are not next to each other. [4]
21. M/J 20/P51/Q4

In a music competition, there are 8 pianists, 4 guitarists and 6 violinists. 7 of these musicians will be
selected to go through to the final.

How many different selections of 7 finalists can be made if there must be at least 2 pianists, at least
1 guitarist and more violinists than guitarists? [4]

22. M/J 20/P53/Q7

(a) Find the number of different possible arrangements of the 9 letters in the word CELESTIAL.
[1]
(b) Find the number of different arrangements of the 9 letters in the word CELESTIAL in which the
first letter is C, the fifth letter is T and the last letter is E. [2]
(c) Find the probability that a randomly chosen arrangement of the 9 letters in the word CELESTIAL
does not have the two Es together. [4]
5 letters are selected at random from the 9 letters in the word CELESTIAL.

(d) Find the number of different selections if the 5 letters include at least one E and at most one L.
[3]
23. MAR 20/P52/Q1

The 40 members of a club include Ranuf and Saed. All 40 members will travel to a concert.
35 members will travel in a coach and the other 5 will travel in a car. Ranuf will be in the coach and
Saed will be in the car.

In how many ways can the members who will travel in the coach be chosen? [3]
24. MAR 20/P52/Q4
Richard has 3 blue candles, 2 red candles and 6 green candles. The candles are identical apart from
their colours. He arranges the 11 candles in a line.
(a) Find the number of different arrangements of the 11 candles if there is a red candle at each end.
[2]
(b) Find the number of different arrangements of the 11 candles if all the blue candles are together
and the red candles are not together. [4]
25. O/N 19/P62/Q7

(i) Find the number of different ways in which the 9 letters of the word TOADSTOOL can be
arranged so that all three Os are together and both Ts are together. [1]
(ii) Find the number of different ways in which the 9 letters of the word TOADSTOOL can be
arranged so that the Ts are not together. [4]
(iii) Find the probability that a randomly chosen arrangement of the 9 letters of the word TOADSTOOL
has a T at the beginning and a T at the end. [2]
(iv) Five letters are selected from the 9 letters of the word TOADSTOOL. Find the number of different
selections if the five letters include at least 2 Os and at least 1 T. [4]

Page 100
26. O/N 19/P61/Q6
(a) How many different arrangements are there of the 11 letters in the word REQUIREMENT? [2]
(b) How many different arrangements are there of the 11 letters in the word REQUIREMENT in
which the two Rs are together and the three Es are together? [1]
(c) How many different arrangements are there of the 11 letters in the word REQUIREMENT in
which there are exactly three letters between the two Rs? [3]
Five of the 11 letters in the word REQUIREMENT are selected.

(d) How many possible selections contain at least two Es and at least one R? [4]
27. O/N 19/P63/Q2
(i) How many different arrangements are there of the 9 letters in the word CORRIDORS? [2]
(ii) How many different arrangements are there of the 9 letters in the word CORRIDORS in which
the first letter is D and the last letter is R or O? [3]
28. O/N 19/P63/Q3
Mr and Mrs Keene and their 5 children all go to watch a football match, together with their friends
Mr and Mrs Uzuma and their 2 children. Find the number of ways in which all 11 people can line up
at the entrance in each of the following cases.
(i) Mr Keene stands at one end of the line and Mr Uzuma stands at the other end. [2]
(ii) The 5 Keene children all stand together and the Uzuma children both stand together. [3]

29. M/J 19/P62/Q7

(a) A group of 6 teenagers go boating. There are three boats available. One boat has room for
3 people, one has room for 2 people and one has room for 1 person. Find the number of different
ways the group of 6 teenagers can be divided between the three boats. [3]

(b) Find the number of different 7-digit numbers which can be formed from the seven digits 2, 2, 3,
7, 7, 7, 8 in each of the following cases.
(i) The odd digits are together and the even digits are together. [3]
(ii) The 2s are not together. [4]
30. M/J 19/P61/Q8

Freddie has 6 toy cars and 3 toy buses, all different. He chooses 4 toys to take on holiday with him.
(i) In how many different ways can Freddie choose 4 toys? [1]
(ii) How many of these choices will include both his favourite car and his favourite bus? [2]
Freddie arranges these 9 toys in a line.
(iii) Find the number of possible arrangements if the buses are all next to each other. [3]
(iv) Find the number of possible arrangements if there is a car at each end of the line and no buses
are next to each other. [3]
31. M/J 19/P63/Q3
Mr and Mrs Keene and their 5 children all go to watch a football match, together with their friends
Mr and Mrs Uzuma and their 2 children. Find the number of ways in which all 11 people can line up
at the entrance in each of the following cases.
(i) Mr Keene stands at one end of the line and Mr Uzuma stands at the other end. [2]
(ii) The 5 Keene children all stand together and the Uzuma children both stand together. [3]
32. M/J 19/P63/Q4
(i) Find the number of ways a committee of 6 people can be chosen from 8 men and 4 women if
there must be at least twice as many men as there are women on the committee. [3]
(ii) Find the number of ways a committee of 6 people can be chosen from 8 men and 4 women if 2
particular men refuse to be on the committee together. [3]

Page 101
33. MAR 19/P62/Q7
Find the number of different arrangements that can be made of all 9 letters in the word CAMERAMAN
in each of the following cases.
(i) There are no restrictions. [2]

(ii) The As occupy the 1st, 5th and 9th positions. [1]

(iii) There is exactly one letter between the Ms. [4]

Three letters are selected from the 9 letters of the word CAMERAMAN.
(iv) Find the number of different selections if the three letters include exactly one M and exactly
one A. [1]
(v) Find the number of different selections if the three letters include at least one M. [3]
34. O/N 18/P62/Q1
(i) How many different arrangements are there of the 11 letters in the word MISSISSIPPI? [2]
(ii) Two letters are chosen at random from the 11 letters in the word MISSISSIPPI. Find the
probability that these two letters are the same. [3]

35. O/N 18/P62/Q4

(i) Find the number of different ways that 5 boys and 6 girls can stand in a row if all the boys stand
together and all the girls stand together. [3]
(ii) Find the number of different ways that 5 boys and 6 girls can stand in a row if no boy stands next
to another boy. [3]

36. O/N 18/P61/Q1

9 people are to be divided into a group of 4, a group of 3 and a group of 2. In how many different
ways can this be done? [3]

37. O/N 18/P61/Q3

In an orchestra, there are 11 violinists, 5 cellists and 4 double bass players. A small group of
6 musicians is to be selected from these 20.
(i) How many different selections of 6 musicians can be made if there must be at least 4 violinists,
at least 1 cellist and no more than 1 double bass player? [4]
The small group that is selected contains 4 violinists, 1 cellist and 1 double bass player. They sit in a
line to perform a concert.
(ii) How many different arrangements are there of these 6 musicians if the violinists must sit together?
38. O/N 18/P63/Q1
[3]
A group consists of 5 men and 2 women. Find the number of different ways that the group can stand
in a line if the women are not next to each other. [3]
39. O/N 18/P63/Q4
Out of a class of 8 boys and 4 girls, a group of 7 people is chosen at random.

(i) Find the probability that the group of 7 includes one particular boy. [3]
(ii) Find the probability that the group of 7 includes at least 2 girls. [4]
40. O/N 17/P62/Q6
(a) Find the number of different 3-digit numbers greater than 300 that can be made from the digits
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 if
(i) no digit can be repeated, [3]
(ii) a digit can be repeated and the number made is even. [3]
(b) A team of 5 is chosen from 6 boys and 4 girls. Find the number of ways the team can be chosen
if
(i) there are no restrictions, [1]
(ii) the team contains more boys than girls. [3]
Page 102
41. O/N 17/P61/Q6

(a) A village hall has seats for 40 people, consisting of 8 rows with 5 seats in each row. Mary,
Ahmad, Wayne, Elsie and John are the first to arrive in the village hall and no seats are taken
before they arrive.
(i) How many possible arrangements are there of seating Mary, Ahmad, Wayne, Elsie and John
assuming there are no restrictions? [2]
(ii) How many possible arrangements are there of seating Mary, Ahmad, Wayne, Elsie and John
if Mary and Ahmad sit together in the front row and the other three sit together in one of
the other rows? [4]
(b) In how many ways can a team of 4 people be chosen from 10 people if 2 of the people, Ross and
Lionel, refuse to be in the team together? [4]

42. O/N 17/P63/Q6

A car park has spaces for 18 cars, arranged in a line. On one day there are 5 cars, of different makes,
parked in randomly chosen positions and 13 empty spaces.
(i) Find the number of possible arrangements of the 5 cars in the car park. [2]
(ii) Find the probability that the 5 cars are not all next to each other. [5]
On another day, 12 cars of different makes are parked in the car park. 5 of these cars are red, 4 are
white and 3 are black. Elizabeth selects 3 of these cars.

(iii) Find the number of selections Elizabeth can make that include cars of at least 2 different colours.
[5]
43. M/J 17/P62/Q6
(a) Find the number of different 3-digit numbers greater than 300 that can be made from the digits
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 if
(i) no digit can be repeated, [3]
(ii) a digit can be repeated and the number made is even. [3]
(b) A team of 5 is chosen from 6 boys and 4 girls. Find the number of ways the team can be chosen
if
(i) there are no restrictions, [1]
(ii) the team contains more boys than girls. [3]

44. M/J 17/P61/Q7

(a) Eight children of different ages stand in a random order in a line. Find the number of different
ways this can be done if none of the three youngest children stand next to each other. [3]
(b) David chooses 5 chocolates from 6 different dark chocolates, 4 different white chocolates and
1 milk chocolate. He must choose at least one of each type. Find the number of different
selections he can make. [4]
(c) A password for Chelsea’s computer consists of 4 characters in a particular order. The characters
are chosen from the following.
³ The 26 capital letters A to Z
³ The 9 digits 1 to 9
³ The 5 symbols # ~ * ? !
The password must include at least one capital letter, at least one digit and at least one symbol.
No character can be repeated. Find the number of different passwords that Chelsea can make.
[4]
45. M/J 17/P63/Q6

(a) Find how many numbers between 3000 and 5000 can be formed from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5,
(i) if digits are not repeated, [2]
(ii) if digits can be repeated and the number formed is odd. [3]
(b) A box of 20 biscuits contains 4 different chocolate biscuits, 2 different oatmeal biscuits and 14
different ginger biscuits. 6 biscuits are selected from the box at random.
(i) Find the number of different selections that include the 2 oatmeal biscuits. [2]
(ii) Find the probability that fewer than
Page3 chocolate
103 biscuits are selected. [4]
46. O/N 16/P62/Q6
Find the number of ways all 10 letters of the word COPENHAGEN can be arranged so that
(i) the vowels (A, E, O) are together and the consonants (C, G, H, N, P) are together, [3]
(ii) the Es are not next to each other. [4]

Four letters are selected from the 10 letters of the word COPENHAGEN.

(iii) Find the number of different selections if the four letters must contain the same number of Es
and Ns with at least one of each. [5]

47. O/N 16/P61/Q5

(a) Find the number of different ways of arranging all nine letters of the word PINEAPPLE if no
vowel (A, E, I) is next to another vowel. [4]

(b) A certain country has a cricket squad of 16 people, consisting of 7 batsmen, 5 bowlers, 2 all-
rounders and 2 wicket-keepers. The manager chooses a team of 11 players consisting of 5
batsmen, 4 bowlers, 1 all-rounder and 1 wicket-keeper.
(i) Find the number of different teams the manager can choose. [2]
(ii) Find the number of different teams the manager can choose if one particular batsman refuses
to be in the team when one particular bowler is in the team. [3]

48. O/N 16/P63/Q1

A committee of 5 people is to be chosen from 4 men and 6 women. William is one of the 4 men and
Mary is one of the 6 women. Find the number of different committees that can be chosen if William
and Mary refuse to be on the committee together. [3]

49. O/N 16/P63/Q2

A fair triangular spinner has three sides numbered 1, 2, 3. When the spinner is spun, the score is the
number of the side on which it lands. The spinner is spun four times.

(i) Find the probability that at least two of the scores are 3. [3]

(ii) Find the probability that the sum of the four scores is 5. [3]
50. O/N 16/P63/Q3
Numbers are formed using some or all of the digits 4, 5, 6, 7 with no digit being used more than once.

(i) Show that, using exactly 3 of the digits, there are 12 different odd numbers that can be formed.
[3]

(ii) Find how many odd numbers altogether can be formed. [3]

51. M/J 16/P62/Q7

(a) Find the number of different arrangements which can be made of all 10 letters of the word
WALLFLOWER if
(i) there are no restrictions, [1]
(ii) there are exactly six letters between the two Ws. [4]

(b) A team of 6 people is to be chosen from 5 swimmers, 7 athletes and 4 cyclists. There must be
at least 1 from each activity and there must be more athletes than cyclists. Find the number of
different ways in which the team can be chosen. [4]

Page 104
52. M/J 16/P61/Q6

(a) (i) Find how many numbers there are between 100 and 999 in which all three digits are different.
[3]
(ii) Find how many of the numbers in part (i) are odd numbers greater than 700. [4]

(b) A bunch of flowers consists of a mixture of roses, tulips and daffodils. Tom orders a bunch of 7
flowers from a shop to give to a friend. There must be at least 2 of each type of flower. The shop
has 6 roses, 5 tulips and 4 daffodils, all different from each other. Find the number of different
bunches of flowers that are possible. [4]
53. M/J 16/P63/Q6

Find the number of ways all 9 letters of the word EVERGREEN can be arranged if
(i) there are no restrictions, [1]
(ii) the first letter is R and the last letter is G, [2]
(iii) the Es are all together. [2]

Three letters from the 9 letters of the word EVERGREEN are selected.

(iv) Find the number of selections which contain no Es and exactly 1 R. [1]

(v) Find the number of selections which contain no Es. [3]

54. O/N 15/P62/Q2

A committee of 6 people is to be chosen at random from 7 men and 9 women. Find the probability
that there are no men on the committee. [3]

55. O/N 15/P62/Q4

A group of 8 friends travels to the airport in two taxis, P and Q. Each taxi can take 4 passengers.
(i) The 8 friends divide themselves into two groups of 4, one group for taxi P and one group for taxi
Q, with Jon and Sarah travelling in the same taxi. Find the number of different ways in which
this can be done. [3]
Taxi P Taxi Q

Back Front Back Front

Each taxi can take 1 passenger in the front and 3 passengers in the back (see diagram). Mark sits in
the front of taxi P and Jon and Sarah sit in the back of taxi P next to each other.

(ii) Find the number of different seating arrangements that are now possible for the 8 friends. [4]
56. O/N 15/P61/Q5

(a) Find the number of ways in which all nine letters of the word TENNESSEE can be arranged
(i) if all the letters E are together, [3]
(ii) if the T is at one end and there is an S at the other end. [3]

(b) Four letters are selected from the nine letters of the word VENEZUELA. Find the number of
possible selections which contain exactly one E. [3]

Page 105
57. O/N 15/P63/Q5

(a) Find the number of different ways that the 13 letters of the word ACCOMMODATION can be
arranged in a line if all the vowels (A, I, O) are next to each other. [3]

(b) There are 7 Chinese, 6 European and 4 American students at an international conference. Four of
the students are to be chosen to take part in a television broadcast. Find the number of different
ways the students can be chosen if at least one Chinese and at least one European student are
included. [5]

58. M/J 15/P62/Q6

(a) Find the number of different ways the 7 letters of the word BANANAS can be arranged
(i) if the first letter is N and the last letter is B, [3]
(ii) if all the letters A are next to each other. [3]

(b) Find the number of ways of selecting a group of 9 people from 14 if two particular people cannot
both be in the group together. [3]

59. M/J 15/P61/Q7

(a) Find how many different numbers can be made by arranging all nine digits of the number
223 677 888 if
(i) there are no restrictions, [2]
(ii) the number made is an even number. [4]

(b) Sandra wishes to buy some applications (apps) for her smartphone but she only has enough
money for 5 apps in total. There are 3 train apps, 6 social network apps and 14 games apps
available. Sandra wants to have at least 1 of each type of app. Find the number of different
possible selections of 5 apps that Sandra can choose. [5]

60. M/J 15/P63/Q7

Rachel has 3 types of ornament. She has 6 different wooden animals, 4 different sea-shells and
3 different pottery ducks.

(i) She lets her daughter Cherry choose 5 ornaments to play with. Cherry chooses at least 1 of each
type of ornament. How many different selections can Cherry make? [5]

Rachel displays 10 of the 13 ornaments in a row on her window-sill. Find the number of different
arrangements that are possible if
(ii) she has a duck at each end of the row and no ducks anywhere else, [3]
(iii) she has a duck at each end of the row and wooden animals and sea-shells are placed alternately
in the positions in between. [3]
61. O/N 14/P62/Q1
The 50 members of a club include both the club president and the club treasurer. All 50 members
want to go on a coach tour, but the coach only has room for 45 people. In how many ways can 45
members be chosen if both the club president and the club treasurer must be included? [3]
62. O/N 14/P62/Q2
Find the number of different ways that 6 boys and 4 girls can stand in a line if
(i) all 6 boys stand next to each other, [3]
(ii) no girl stands next to another girl. [3]

Page 106
63. O/N 14/P61/Q7
A committee of 6 people is to be chosen from 5 men and 8 women. In how many ways can this be
done
(i) if there are more women than men on the committee, [4]
(ii) if the committee consists of 3 men and 3 women but two particular men refuse to be on the
committee together? [3]

One particular committee consists of 5 women and 1 man.

(iii) In how many different ways can the committee members be arranged in a line if the man is not
at either end? [3]

64. O/N 14/P63/Q6

(a) Seven fair dice each with faces marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 are thrown and placed in a line. Find the
number of possible arrangements where the sum of the numbers at each end of the line add up
to 4. [3]
(b) Find the number of ways in which 9 different computer games can be shared out between Wainah,
Jingyi and Hebe so that each person receives an odd number of computer games. [6]

65. M/J 14/P62/Q2

A school club has members from 3 different year-groups: Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3. There are 7
members from Year 1, 2 members from Year 2 and 2 members from Year 3. Five members of the
club are selected. Find the number of possible selections that include at least one member from each
year-group. [4]
66. M/J 14/P62/Q5

Find how many different numbers can be made from some or all of the digits of the number 1 345 789
if
(i) all seven digits are used, the odd digits are all together and no digits are repeated, [2]
(ii) the numbers made are even numbers between 3000 and 5000, and no digits are repeated, [3]
(iii) the numbers made are multiples of 5 which are less than 1000, and digits can be repeated. [3]

67. M/J 14/P61/Q6

Find the number of different ways in which all 8 letters of the word TANZANIA can be arranged so
that
(i) all the letters A are together, [2]
(ii) the first letter is a consonant (T, N, Z), the second letter is a vowel (A, I), the third letter is a
consonant, the fourth letter is a vowel, and so on alternately. [3]
4 of the 8 letters of the word TANZANIA are selected. How many possible selections contain
(iii) exactly 1 N and 1 A, [2]
(iv) exactly 1 N? [3]

68. M/J 14/P63/Q7

Nine cards are numbered 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 6, 6, 6.
(i) All nine cards are placed in a line, making a 9-digit number. Find how many different 9-digit
numbers can be made in this way
(a) if the even digits are all together, [4]
(b) if the first and last digits are both odd. [3]
(ii) Three of the nine cards are chosen and placed in a line, making a 3-digit number. Find how
many different numbers can be made in this way
(a) if there are no repeated digits, [2]
(b) if the number is between 200 and 300. [2]

Page 107
69. O/N 13/P62/Q6
The 11 letters of the word REMEMBRANCE are arranged in a line.
(i) Find the number of different arrangements if there are no restrictions. [1]
(ii) Find the number of different arrangements which start and finish with the letter M. [2]
(iii) Find the number of different arrangements which do not have all 4 vowels (E, E, A, E) next to
each other. [3]
4 letters from the letters of the word REMEMBRANCE are chosen.
(iv) Find the number of different selections which contain no Ms and no Rs and at least 2 Es. [3]
70. O/N 13/P61/Q6

A shop has 7 different mountain bicycles, 5 different racing bicycles and 8 different ordinary bicycles
on display. A cycling club selects 6 of these 20 bicycles to buy.
(i) How many different selections can be made if there must be no more than 3 mountain bicycles
and no more than 2 of each of the other types of bicycle? [4]
The cycling club buys 3 mountain bicycles, 1 racing bicycle and 2 ordinary bicycles and parks them
in a cycle rack, which has a row of 10 empty spaces.
(ii) How many different arrangements are there in the cycle rack if the mountain bicycles are all
together with no spaces between them, the ordinary bicycles are both together with no spaces
between them and the spaces are all together? [3]
(iii) How many different arrangements are there in the cycle rack if the ordinary bicycles are at each
end of the bicycles and there are no spaces between any of the bicycles? [3]
71. O/N 13/P63/Q6

(i) Find the number of different ways that the 9 letters of the word AGGREGATE can be arranged
in a line if the first letter is R. [2]
(ii) Find the number of different ways that the 9 letters of the word AGGREGATE can be arranged
in a line if the 3 letters G are together, both letters A are together and both letters E are together.
[2]
(iii) The letters G, R and T are consonants and the letters A and E are vowels. Find the number of
different ways that the 9 letters of the word AGGREGATE can be arranged in a line if consonants
and vowels occur alternately. [3]
(iv) Find the number of different selections of 4 letters of the word AGGREGATE which contain
exactly 2 Gs or exactly 3 Gs. [3]
72. M/J 13/P62/Q6
A town council plans to plant 12 trees along the centre of a main road. The council buys the trees
from a garden centre which has 4 different hibiscus trees, 9 different jacaranda trees and 2 different
oleander trees for sale.
(i) How many different selections of 12 trees can be made if there must be at least 2 of each type of
tree? [4]
The council buys 4 hibiscus trees, 6 jacaranda trees and 2 oleander trees.
(ii) How many different arrangements of these 12 trees can be made if the hibiscus trees have to be
next to each other, the jacaranda trees have to be next to each other and the oleander trees have
to be next to each other? [3]
(iii) How many different arrangements of these 12 trees can be made if no hibiscus tree is next to
another hibiscus tree? [3]

Page 108
73. M/J 13/P61/Q6

Four families go to a theme park together. Mr and Mrs Lin take their 2 children. Mr O’Connor takes
his 2 children. Mr and Mrs Ahmed take their 3 children. Mrs Burton takes her son. The 14 people
all have to go through a turnstile one at a time to enter the theme park.

(i) In how many different orders can the 14 people go through the turnstile if each family stays
together? [3]

(ii) In how many different orders can the 8 children and 6 adults go through the turnstile if no two
adults go consecutively? [3]

Once inside the theme park, the children go on the roller-coaster. Each roller-coaster car holds 3
people.

(iii) In how many different ways can the 8 children be divided into two groups of 3 and one group of
2 to go on the roller-coaster? [3]
74. M/J 13/P63/Q7
There are 10 spaniels, 14 retrievers and 6 poodles at a dog show. 7 dogs are selected to go through to
the final.

(i) How many selections of 7 different dogs can be made if there must be at least 1 spaniel, at least
2 retrievers and at least 3 poodles? [4]

2 spaniels, 2 retrievers and 3 poodles go through to the final. They are placed in a line.

(ii) How many different arrangements of these 7 dogs are there if the spaniels stand together and the
retrievers stand together? [3]

(iii) How many different arrangements of these 7 dogs are there if no poodle is next to another poodle?
[3]
75. O/N 12/P62/Q5
(a) A team of 3 boys and 3 girls is to be chosen from a group of 12 boys and 9 girls to enter a
competition. Tom and Henry are two of the boys in the group. Find the number of ways in which
the team can be chosen if Tom and Henry are either both in the team or both not in the team. [3]
(b) The back row of a cinema has 12 seats, all of which are empty. A group of 8 people, including
Mary and Frances, sit in this row. Find the number of different ways they can sit in these 12
seats if
(i) there are no restrictions, [1]
(ii) Mary and Frances do not sit in seats which are next to each other, [3]
(iii) all 8 people sit together with no empty seats between them. [3]
76. O/N 12/P61/Q7
(a) In a sweet shop 5 identical packets of toffees, 4 identical packets of fruit gums and 9 identical
packets of chocolates are arranged in a line on a shelf. Find the number of different arrangements
of the packets that are possible if the packets of chocolates are kept together. [2]

(b) Jessica buys 8 different packets of biscuits. She then chooses 4 of these packets.
(i) How many different choices are possible if the order in which Jessica chooses the 4 packets
is taken into account? [2]

The 8 packets include 1 packet of chocolate biscuits and 1 packet of custard creams.
(ii) How many different choices are possible if the order in which Jessica chooses the 4 packets
is taken into account and the packet of chocolate biscuits and the packet of custard creams
are both chosen? [3]

(c) 9 different fruit pies are to be divided between 3 people so that each person gets an odd number
of pies. Find the number of ways this can be done. [5]
Page 109
77. M/J 12/P62/Q5
An English examination consists of 8 questions in Part A and 3 questions in Part B. Candidates must
choose 6 questions. The order in which questions are chosen does not matter. Find the number of
ways in which the 6 questions can be chosen in each of the following cases.

(i) There are no restrictions on which questions can be chosen. [1]

(ii) Candidates must choose at least 4 questions from Part A. [3]

(iii) Candidates must either choose both question 1 and question 2 in Part A, or choose neither of
these questions. [3]
78. M/J 12/P61/Q7

(a) Seven friends together with their respective partners all meet up for a meal. To commemorate
the occasion they arrange for a photograph to be taken of all 14 of them standing in a line.
(i) How many different arrangements are there if each friend is standing next to his or her
partner? [3]
(ii) How many different arrangements are there if the 7 friends all stand together and the 7
partners all stand together? [2]

(b) A group of 9 people consists of 2 boys, 3 girls and 4 adults. In how many ways can a team of 4
be chosen if
(i) both boys are in the team, [1]
(ii) the adults are either all in the team or all not in the team, [2]
(iii) at least 2 girls are in the team? [2]

79. M/J 12/P63/Q3

(i) In how many ways can all 9 letters of the word TELEPHONE be arranged in a line if the letters
P and L must be at the ends? [2]

How many different selections of 4 letters can be made from the 9 letters of the word TELEPHONE
if
(ii) there are no Es, [1]
(iii) there is exactly 1 E, [2]
(iv) there are no restrictions? [4]
80. O/N 11/P62/Q2
Twelve coins are tossed and placed in a line. Each coin can show either a head or a tail.

(i) Find the number of different arrangements of heads and tails which can be obtained. [2]

(ii) Find the number of different arrangements which contain 7 heads and 5 tails. [1]

81. O/N 11/P62/Q3

(a) Geoff wishes to plant 25 flowers in a flower-bed. He can choose from 15 different geraniums,
10 different roses and 8 different lilies. He wants to have at least 11 geraniums and also to have
the same number of roses and lilies. Find the number of different selections of flowers he can
make. [4]

(b) Find the number of different ways in which the 9 letters of the word GREENGAGE can be
arranged if exactly two of the Gs are next to each other. [3]

Page 110
8/2. O/N 11/P61/Q6

(a) Find the number of different ways in which the 12 letters of the word STRAWBERRIES can be
arranged
(i) if there are no restrictions, [2]
(ii) if the 4 vowels A, E, E, I must all be together. [3]

(b) (i) 4 astronauts are chosen from a certain number of candidates. If order of choosing is not
taken into account, the number of ways the astronauts can be chosen is 3876. How many
ways are there if order of choosing is taken into account? [2]
(ii) 4 astronauts are chosen to go on a mission. Each of these astronauts can take 3 personal
possessions with him. How many different ways can these 12 possessions be arranged in a
row if each astronaut’s possessions are kept together? [2]

83. O/N 11/P63/Q4

Mary saves her digital images on her computer in three separate folders named ‘Family’, ‘Holiday’
and ‘Friends’. Her family folder contains 3 images, her holiday folder contains 4 images and her
friends folder contains 8 images. All the images are different.

(i) Find in how many ways she can arrange these 15 images in a row across her computer screen if
she keeps the images from each folder together. [3]

(ii) Find the number of different ways in which Mary can choose 6 of these images if there are 2
from each folder. [2]

(iii) Find the number of different ways in which Mary can choose 6 of these images if there are at
least 3 images from the friends folder and at least 1 image from each of the other two folders.
[4]
84. M/J 11/P62/Q4
(i) Find the number of different ways that the 9 letters of the word HAPPINESS can be arranged in
a line. [1]

(ii) The 9 letters of the word HAPPINESS are arranged in random order in a line. Find the probability
that the 3 vowels (A, E, I) are not all next to each other. [4]

(iii) Find the number of different selections of 4 letters from the 9 letters of the word HAPPINESS
which contain no Ps and either one or two Ss. [3]
85. M/J 11/P61/Q4

A cricket team of 11 players is to be chosen from 21 players consisting of 10 batsmen, 9 bowlers

and 2 wicketkeepers. The team must include at least 5 batsmen, at least 4 bowlers and at least
1 wicketkeeper.

(i) Find the number of different ways in which the team can be chosen. [4]

Each player in the team is given a present. The presents consist of 5 identical pens, 4 identical diaries
and 2 identical notebooks.

(ii) Find the number of different arrangements of the presents if they are all displayed in a row. [1]

(iii) 10 of these 11 presents are chosen and arranged in a row. Find the number of different
arrangements that are possible. [3]

Page 111
9709/52 Unit-2 Permutations and Combinations May/June 2022

Question 1. M/J 22/P52/Q6 Answer Marks Guidance

1(a)  9!  B1
 2!2!   90 720
 

1(b) Method 1 Arrangements Cs at ends – Arrangements Cs at ends and Os together

7! M1 w!
[Os not together =]  6! [= 2520 – 720] – y, w = 6, 7 y an integer.
2! 2!
 w! 
Condone 2     y .
 2! 

M1 a – 6! or a – 720, a an integer resulting in a positive answer.

1800 A1

Method 2 identified scenarios R ^ ^ ^ R

65 M1 5! × b, b integer >1.

[Os not together =] 5!  =
2!
M1  65 6 6
P 
c or C 2 or 2 or15  , c integer > 1.
 2! 2! 

1800 A1

Page 112
9709/52 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022

Question 1. M/J 22/P52/Q6 Answer Marks Guidance

5
1(c) CCO _ C1 = 5 B1 Correct outcome/value for 1 identified scenario.
5
CC _ _ C2 = 10 Accept unsimplified.
5
OOC _ C1 = 5 WWW
5
OO _ _ C2 = 10
5
C___ C3 = 10 M1 Add 5 or 6 values of appropriate scenarios only, no additional
5
O___ C3 = 10 incorrect scenarios, no repeated scenarios.
Accept unsimplified.
Condone use of permutations.

[Total =] 50 A1

3
5
1(d) Both Os in group with a C C2 = 10 B1 A correct scenario calculated accurately.
5 3
Both Os in group without a C C2 × C2 = 30 Accept unsimplified.
5
One O in a C group, one not C1 × 4C2 = 30
One O with each C (5C1 × 4C1) ÷2! = 10 M1 Add 3 or 4 correct scenario values, no incorrect scenarios,
accept repeated scenarios.
Accept unsimplified.

[Total =] 80 A1

Alternative method for question 6(d)

CCO O^^ ^^^ = 5C2 = 10 B1 A correct scenario calculated accurately.

CC^ O^^ O^^ = 5C1 ×4C2 = 30 Accept unsimplified.
CC^ OO^ ^^^ = 5C1 × 4C1 = 20

9
C6  6 C3 M1 Total subtract 2 or 3 correct scenario values, no incorrect
Total ways of making three groups = 140 scenarios.
2 23
Accept unsimplified.
140 – (their 10+ their 30+ their 20)

80 A1

Page 113
 2. M/J 22/P51/Q1

Question Answer Marks Guidance

2(a) 5! M1 k! where k = 5, 6 or 7
Condone  1 OE

120 A1

1(b) 8! M1 8!
[Total no of ways =] [= 3360] , a  1, 2 b  1,3 a  b
2!3! a !b!

6! M1 6!
[With 3Es together =] [= 360] , c  1, 2 seen in an addition/subtraction
2! c!

[With 3Es not together] = 3360 – 360 M1 8! 6!

 where d , f  1, 2 & e  1,3
d !e! f !

3000 A1

3. M/J 22/P51/Q2

3(a) 12
C4  2 M1 g
C4  h g = 12, 13, h = 1,2

990 A1

Alternative method for question 2(a)

[total – both on – neither on] 14C5 – ( 12C3 + 12C5) = [2002 – 220 – 792] M1 k
C5 – (aC3 + aC5)
a = 12, 13 and k = 13, 14

990 A1

Page 114
3. M/J 22/P51/Q2

3(b) [Mrs Lan plus] M1 7

Cr  6C4-r for r = 2, 3 or 4
2W 2M 7C2  6C2 = 315
3W 1M 7C3  6C1 = 210 B1 Outcome for one identifiable scenario correct,
4W 7
C4 = 35 accept unevaluated

M1 Add outcomes for 3 identifiable correct scenarios

Note: if scenarios not labelled, they may be
identified by seeing7Cr  6Cs r + s = 4 to imply
r women and s men for both B & M marks only

[Total =] 560 A1

4. M/J 22/P53/Q7

Question Answer Marks Guidance

12
4(a) C5 × 7C4 [× 3C3] M1 12
Cr × q, r = 3, 4, 5 q a positive integer > 1,
no + or − .__
12
M1 Cs × 12–sCt [× 12-s–tCu]
s = 3, 4, 5; t = 3, 4, 5 ≠ s; u = 3, 4, 5 ≠ s ,t

Alternative method for question 7(a)

12! M1 12!  by a product of three factorials.

5! 3! 4!
M1 n!
5! 3! 4!

[792 × 35 =] 27 720 A1 CAO

Page 115
4. M/J 22/P53/Q7

Question Answer Marks Guidance

4(b) 4! (Lizo) × 6! (Kenny) × 2! (Martin) × 2! (Nantes) M1 Product involving at least 3 of 4!, 6!, 2!, 2!

× 3! (orders of K, M and N) M1 w × 3! , w integer > 1.

414 720 A1 WWW CAO

3
7
4(c) C4 (adults) × 4C1 × 3C1 M1 7
C4 × b, b integer > 1 no + or – .

420 A1

2
5
4(d) K not L C3 × 8C3 = 560 M1 8
C3(or 8P3) × c for one of the products
5
L not K C3 × 8C3 = 560 or 5C3 (or 5P3)× c, positive integer >1 for first 2
5
L and K C2 × 8C3= 560 products only.

M1 Add 2 or 3 correct scenarios only values, no

additional incorrect scenarios, no repeated
scenarios. Accept unsimplified.

[Total or Difference=] 1680 A1

Alternative method for question 7(d)

8
Total no of ways – neither L nor K M1 C3 × c, c a positive integer >1.
Total = 7C4 × 8C3 = 1960
Neither K nor L = 5C4  8C3 =280 M1 Subtracting the number of ways with neither from
their total number of ways.

[Total or Difference=] 1680 A1

Page 116
9709/52 5. O/N 21/P52/Q2 October/November 2021

Question Answer Marks Guidance

11
5(a) C5 × 4C1 M1 11
C5 × 4C1 condone 11P5 × 4P1 no +, –, × or ÷.

1848 A1 CAO as exact.

5(b) Method 1 [Identifying scenarios]

[Neither selected =] 13C6 [= 1716] M1 Either 13C6 seen alone or 13C5 seen alone or × 2
[Only Jane selected =] 13C5 [= 1287] (condone 13Pn, n = 5,6).
[Only Kate selected =] 13C5 [= 1287]

[Total =] 1716 + 1287 + 1287 M1 Three correct scenarios only added, accept unsimplified (values may be
incorrect).

4290 A1

Method 2 [Total number of selections – selections with Jane and

Kate both picked]
15
C6 - 13C4 [= 5005 – 715] M1 15
C6 – k, k a positive integer < 5005, condone 15P6.

M1 m – 13C4, m integer > 715,

condone n – 13P4, n > 17 160.

4290 A1

SC Where the condition of 2(a) is also applied in 2(b), the final answer
is 1512 SC M1 M1 A0 max.
The method marks can be earned for the equivalent stages in each
method.
Method 1 4C1 × 9C5 + 4C1 × 9C4 × 2
Method 2 4C1 × 11C5 – 4C1 × 9C3

Page 117
6. O/N 21/P52/Q4

Question Answer Marks Guidance

6(a) 9! M1 9!
, e = 2, 3
3! e!

60 480 A1

6(b) 7! M1 7!
× 2×6 × k seen, k an integer > 0.
3! 3!

M1 m!
×2 × q 7 ⩽ m ⩽ 9, 1 ⩽ n ⩽ 3, 1 ⩽ q ⩽ 8 all integers.
n!

M1 m!
× p × 6 7 ⩽ m ⩽ 9, 1 ⩽ n ⩽ 3, 1 ⩽ p ⩽ 2 all integers.
n!
(Accept 3P2 for 6)
5!
If M0 M0 M0 awarded, SC M1 for t × 12, t an integer ⩾ 20, .
3!

10 080 A1 Exact value.

Alternative method for question 4(b)

7
P2 × 6! × 2 M1 6!
× k seen, k an integer > 0.
3! 3!

M1 m! 7
× P2 × q m = 6,9, 1 ⩽ n ⩽ 3, 1 ⩽ q ⩽ 2 all integers.
n!

M1 m! 7
× Pr × 2 m = 6, 9, 1 ⩽ n ⩽ 3, 1 ⩽ r ⩽ 5 all integers.
n!
5!
If M0 M0 M0 awarded, SC M1 for t × 84, t an integer ⩾ 20, .
3!

10 080 A1 Exact value.

Page 118
9709/51 7. O/N 21/P51/Q5 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2021

Question Answer Marks Guidance

7(a) [8! =] 40 320 B1 Evaluated, exact value only.

(b) Method 1 [^ ^ ^ R ^ ^ S ^ ^]

7! × 8C2 × 2 M1 7! × k seen, k an integer > 1.

M1 m × n ( n − 1) or m × nC2 or m × n P2 , n = 7, 8 or 9, m an
integer > 1.

282 240 A1 Exact value only.

SC B1 for final answer 282 240 WWW.

Method 2 [Total number of arrangements – Arrangements with R & S together]

9! – 8! × 2 M1 9! – k, k an integer < 362 880 .

M1 m – 8! × n, m an integer > 40 320, n = 1,2.

282 240 A1 Exact value only.

SC B1 for final answer 282 240 WWW.

3
9
(c) C5 [× 4C4] M1 9
Cx [× 9–xC9–x,] x = 4, 5. Condone × 1 for 9–xC9–x.
Condone use of P.

126 A1 WWW

Page 119
9709/51 7. O/N 21/P51/Q5 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2021

Question Answer Marks Guidance

7(d) [Number of ways with Raman and Sanjay together on back row =] 7C3 M1 7
Cx seen, x = 3 or 2.
[Number of ways with Raman and Sanjay together on front row =] 7C2

[Total =] 35 + 21 M1 Summing two correct scenarios.

56 A1 Evaluated – may be seen used in probability.

If M0 scored, SC B1 for 56 WWW.

their 56 56 4 B1 FT FT their 56 from adding 2 or more scenarios in numerator

Probability = = , , 0.444 and their (c) or correct as denominator.
their ( c ) 126 9

9709/53 8. O/N 21/P53/Q1 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2021

Question Answer Marks Guidance

23 23
8 C17 M1 Cx or yC17 or zC6 , x, y or z are integers no +, –, × or ÷.

100947 A1 CAO

9. O/N 21/P53/Q5

Question Answer Marks Guidance

5
9(a) 5
P2 × 7P4 or 5 × 4 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 M1 Px × 7Py, 1⩽ x ⩽ 4, 1 ⩽ y ⩽ 6

16 800 A1

Page 120
9. O/N 21/P53/Q5

9(b) Method 1 [Identify scenarios]

With A and no 5: 8 × 6P4 or (1 × 4 × 6 ×5 × 4 × 3) ×2 or 4C1 × 2! × 6P4 = M1 One number of ways correct, accept unsimplified.
2880
With 5 and no A: 4P2 × 4 × 6P3 or (4 × 3 × 1 × 6 × 5 × 4) × 4 or 4P2 × 6C3 × M1 Add 2 or 3 identified correct scenarios only, accept
4! = 5760 unsimplified.
With A and 5: 8× 4 × 6P3 or (4 × 1 × 1 × 6 × 5 × 4) × 8 or 4C1 × 2! × 6C3 ×
4! = 3840

[Total =] 12 480 A1 CAO

Method 2 [total number of codes – number of codes with no A or 5]

4
No A or 5 : (4 × 3 ) ×( 6 × 5 × 4 × 3) = 4320 M1 P2 × 6P4 or 4C2 × 6C4 seen, accept unsimplified.

Required number = their (a) – their 4320 M1 Their 5(a) (or correct) – their (No A or 5) value.

12 480 A1

Method 3 [subtracting double counting]

With A 4P1 × 7P4 × 2 or 4C1 × 2 × 7C4 × 4! = 6720 M1 One outcome correct, accept unsimplified.
With 5 5P2 × 6P3 × 4 or 5C2 × 2 × 6C3 × 4! = 9600
With A and 5 = 4P1 × 6P3 × 8or 4C1 × 2! × 6C3 × 4! × 8 = 3840

Required number = 6720 + 9600 – 3840 M1 Adding ‘with a’ to ‘with 5’ and subtracting ‘A and 5’.

12 480 A1 CAO

Page 121
9. O/N 21/P53/Q5

Question Answer Marks Guidance

9(c) Method 1 – number of successful codes divided by total

(1 ×) 3 × 5P2 M1 3 × 5Pn, n = 2, 3. Condone 3 × 5C2, no + or –.

their 3 × 5 P 2 M1 their 60
Probability = Probability = .
their 16 800 their 16 800

1 A1
, 0.00357
280

Method 2 – product of probabilities of each part of code

1 1 1 3 5 4 1 1 3 × 5P 2 M1 1 1
× × ×  × ×  or × × × × k where 0 < k < 1 for considering letters.
5 4 7 6 5 4 5 4 7 P4 5 4

M1 1 3 3 × 5P 2
t × × or t × where 0 < t < 1 .
7 6 7 P4

1 A1 CAO
280

10. M/J 21/P52/Q6

Question Answer Marks Guidance

10(a) 8! M1 8!
k = 1 or 2, m = 1 or 3, not k = m = 1
2!3! k !× m!
no additional terms

3360 A1

Page 122
9709/52 10. M/J 21/P52/Q6 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021

Question Answer Marks Guidance

10(b) Method 1 Arrangements Rs at ends – Arrangements Rs at ends and Os together

6! M1 6!  6! 
[Os not together = ] – 4! – m, 1 ⩽ k ⩽ 3, m an integer, condone 2 ×   − m .
3! k!  k!

M1 w – 4! or w – 24, w an integer
Condone w – 2 × 4!

96 A1

Method 2 identified scenarios R _ _ _ R, Arrangement No Os together + 2Os and a single O

4
C3 × 3! + 4C2 × 2 × 3! M1 4C3 × 3! + r or 4× 3! + r or 4P3 × 3! + r, r an integer.
Condone 2 × 4C3 × 3! + r. 2 × 4× 3! + r or 2 × 4P3 × 3! + r.

M1 q + 4C2 × 3! × k or q + 4P2 × 3! × k, k = 1,2, q an integer

[24 + 72 =] 96 A1

10(c) Method 1 Identified scenarios

OORR 3
C 2 × 2 C 2 ×  3 C0  = 3 × 1 = 3 B1 Outcomes for 2 identifiable scenarios correct, accept
unsimplified.
3
ORR_ C1 × 2 C 2 × 3 C1 = 3 × 1 × 3 = 9
OOR_ 3
C 2 × 2 C1 × 3 C1 = 3 × 2 × 3 = 18 M1 Add 4 or 5 identified correct scenarios only values, no additional
incorrect scenarios, no repeated scenarios, accept unsimplified,
3
OR_ _ C1 × 2 C1 × 3 C 2 = 3 × 2 × 3 = 18 condone use of permutations.
OOOR 3 C3 × 2 C1 ×  3 C0  = 1 × 2 = 2

Total 50 A1 All correct and added

50 M1 their '50'
Probability = 8 8
, accept numerator unevaluated
C4 C4

Page 123
9709/52 10. M/J 21/P52/Q6 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021

Question Answer Marks Guidance

10(c) cont’d 50 A1
or 0.714
70

Method 2 Identified outcomes

ORTM 3
C1 × 2 C1 = 6 B1 Outcomes for 5 identifiable scenarios correct, accept
3 unsimplified.
ORTW C1 × 2 C1 = 6
ORMW 3
C1 × 2 C1 = 6 M1 Add 9, 10 or 11 identified correct scenarios only values, no
3 2 additional incorrect scenarios, no repeated scenarios, accept
ORRM C1 × C2 = 3
unsimplified, condone use of permutations.
3
ORRW C1 × 2 C2 = 3
3
ORRT C1 × 2 C2 = 3
3
OROR C2 × 2 C2 = 3
3
OROT C2 × 2 C1 = 6
3
OROM C2 × 2 C1 = 6
3
OROW C2 × 2 C1 = 6
3
OROO C3 × 2 C1 = 2

Total 50 A1 All correct and added

50 M1 their '50'
Probability = 8 8
, accept numerator unevaluated.
C4 C4

50 A1
or 0.714
70

Page 124
9709/51 11. M/J 21/P51/Q1 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021

Question Answer Marks Guidance

11 RRRRB 8C4 × 4C1 = 280 M1 8

Cx × 4Cy with x + y = 5. x, y both integers, 1 ⩽ x ⩽ 5,
BBBBR 8C1 × 4C4 = 8 0 ⩽ y ⩽ 4 condone 8C1 × 1
RRRRR 8C5 = 56
A1 Two correct outcomes evaluated

M1 Add 2 or 3 identified correct scenarios only (no

additional terms, not probabilities)

[Total =] 344 A1 WWW, only dependent on 2nd M mark

4 SC not all (or no) scenarios identified

B1 280 + 8 + 56 DB1 344

12(a)  8! B1 NFWW, must be evaluated

 3! = 6720
 

12(b) 6! M1 6! 5! x6
_ _ _ L E D _ _ : With LED together: or k ⩾ 1 and no other terms
2! k k

M1 m
, m an integer, m ⩾ 5
2!

360 A1 CAO

12(c) Method using _ _ _ A _ D _ _ : *M1 6!

× k seen, k an integer > 0
6! 3!
Arrange the 6 letters RELESE = [= 120]
3!

Multiply by number of ways of placing AD in non-adjacent places *M1 m × n ( n − 1) or m × nC2 or m × n P2 , n = 6, 7 or 8, m an

= their 120 × 7P2 [= 5040]
integer > 0

their 5040 DM1 Denominator = their (a) or correct, dependent on at least

[Probability =] one M mark already gained.
their 6720

5040 3 A1
or or 0.75
6720 4
Page 125
13. M/J 21/P53/Q4 14. M/J 21/P53/Q6

Question Answer Marks Guidance

13(a) [Possible cases: 1 1 2, 1 2 1, 2 1 1] M1 3

1
1
3
  × k , where k is an integer.
Probability =   × 3 6
6
M1 Multiply a probability by 3, not +, – or ÷

1 A1 3
Accept or 0.0138 or 0.0139
72 216

13(b) 3 B1
1  1 
P(18) =    = 216 
6
4 M1 (1 – p)4p, 0 < their p < 1
 215  1
P(18 on 5th throw) =   ×
 216  216

0.00454 A1

14(a) 11! M1 11! alone on numerator – must be a fraction.

2!3! k! × m! on denominator, k = 1, 2, m = 1, 3, 1 can be
implied but cannot both = 1.
No additional terms

3326400 A1 Exact value only

14(b) 8! = 40320 B1 Evaluate, exact value only

14\(c) 9! M1 9!
×7 × k seen, k an integer > 0, no +, – or ÷
3! 3!

M1 7 × an integer seen in final answer, no +, – or ÷

423360 Page 126 A1 Exact value only

15. O/N 20/P52/Q6

Question Answer Marks Guidance

9
15(a) C6 (× 3C3) M1 9
Ck × n, k = 6, 3, n = 1,2 oe
Condone 9C6 + 3C3, 9P6 × 3P3

84 A1 Accept unevaluated.

15(b) Number with 3 Baker children =6C2 or 15 B1 Correct seen anywhere, not multiplied or added

Total no of selections = 9C5 or 126 M1 Seen as denominator of fraction

number of selections with 3 Baker children
Probability =
total number of selections

15 A1 5
, 0·119 OE, e.g.
126 42

Alternative method for question 6(b)

5
3 2 1  6  5  5 B1 C3 (OE) or 10 seen anywhere, multiplied by fractions only, not
× ×  ×  ×  × C3 added
9 8 7  6  5 
M1 3 2 1  6  5 
× ×  ×  ×  × k , 1 ⩽ k, k integer
9 8 7  6  5 

15 A1 5
, 0·119 OE, e.g.
126 42

15(c) [Total no of arrangements = 9!] M1 9! – k or 362880 – k, k an integer<362 880

[Arrangements with men together = 8! × 2]

Not together: 9! –

8! × 2 B1 8! × 2(!) or 80 640 seen anywhere

282 240 A1 Exact value

Page 127
15. O/N 20/P52/Q6

Question Answer Marks Guidance

Alternative method for question 6(c)

7! × 8 × 7 B1 7! × k, k positive integer > 1

M1 m × 8 × 7, m × 8P2, m × 8C2 m positive integer > 1

282 240 A1 Exact value

15(d) 7! × 2 × 7 M1 7! × k, k positive integer > 1

If 7! not seen, condone 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × (1) × k
or 7 × 6! × k only

M1 m × 2 × 7, m positive integer > 1

70 560 A1

16. O/N 20/P51/Q7

16(a) 8! M1 8! 7!× 8 a!
≡ , where k ∈ , , where a ∈ 
2! k k 2 (!)

20160 A1

16(b) 10! B1 Accept unsimplified

Total number of ways: ( = 302 400 ) (A)
2!3!

9! B1 Accept unsimplified
With Ps together: (= 60 480) (B)
3!

With Ps not together: 302 400 – 60 480 M1 10! 9!

− , m, n integers or (A) – (B) if clearly identified
m n

241 920 A1

Page 128
9709/51 16. O/N 20/P51/Q7 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020

Question Answer Marks Guidance

16(b) Alternative method for question 7(b)

8! B1 k × 8! in numerator, k a positive integer, no ±

3!
B1 m × 3! in denominator, m a positive integer, no ±

9×8 M1 8!
× Their multiplied by 9C2 or 9P2 no additional terms
2 3!

241 920 A1 Exact value, WWW

(c) Number of ways Es at beginning and end M1  8! 

Probability =  
Total number of ways  k !  1 ⩽ k, l ∈ ℕ ⩽ 3, FT denominator from 7(b) or correct
8! 10!
20160 k !l !
Probability = 2! =
10! 302 400
2!× 3!

1 A1
, 0·0667
15

Alternative method for question 7(c)

3 2 M1 a a −1
Probability = × × a = 3, 2
10 9 10 9

1 A1
, 0·0667
15

Alternative method for question 7(c)

1 1 M1 1 1
Probability = × × 3! × × m!, m = 3, 2
10 9 10 9

1 A1
, 0.0667
15 2
Page 129
9709/51 16. O/N 20/P51/Q7 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020

Question Answer Marks Guidance

5
16(d) Scenarios: M1 Cx seen alone, 1 ⩽ x ⩽ 4
5
PEEE C0 = 1
5
PEE_ C1 = 5 M1 Summing the number of ways for 3 or 4 correct scenarios (can
5
PE__ C2 = 10 be unsimplified), no incorrect scenarios
5
P___ C3 = 10

Total = 26 A1

3
17. O/N 20/P53/Q3
17(a) Scenarios: M1 Correct number of ways for either 5 or 4 women, accept
6W 0M 9C6 = 84 unsimplified
5W 1M 9C5 × 5C1 = 126 × 5 = 630
4W 2M 9C4 × 5C2 = 126 × 10 = 1260 M1 Summing the number of ways for 2 or 3 correct scenarios (can
be unsimplified), no incorrect scenarios.

Total = 1974 A1

17(b) Total number of ways =14C6 (3003) M1 14

C6 – a value
Number with sister and brother = 12C4 (495)
Number required = 14C6 –
12 12
C4 = 3003 – 495 M1 Cx or nC4 seen on its own or subtracted from their total, x ⩽ 6,
n ⩽ 13

2508 A1

Alternative method for question 3(b)

Number of ways with neither = 12C6 = 924 M1 12

C6 + a value
12
Number of ways with either brother or sister (not both) M1 Cx × 2 or nC5 × 2 seen on its own or added to their number of
= 12C5 × 2 (= 792 × 2) = 1584 ways with neither, x ⩽ 5, n ⩽ 12

Number required = 924 + 1584 A1

= 2508

3
Page 130
9709/53 18. O/N 20/P53/Q5 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020

Question Answer Marks Guidance

18(a) 8! B1 Correct unsimplified expression for total number of ways

Total number of ways = (= 3360)
3!2!

6! B1 6!
Number of ways with V and E in correct positions = (= 180) alone or as numerator in an attempt to find the number of
2!× 2! 2!× 2!
ways with V and E in correct positions.
No ×, ±

180  3  B1 FT 6!
Probability =  =  or 0.0536 Final answer from their divided by their total number of
3360  56  2!× 2!
ways

Alternative method for question 5(a)

1 3 M1 a b
× × seen, no other terms (correct denominators)
8 7 8 7

M1 1 3
× seen, no other terms (correct numerators)
c d

3 A1
or 0.0536
56 3
18(b) Rs together and Es together: 5! (120) B1 Alone or as numerator of probability to represent the number of
ways with Rs and Es together, no ×, +, –

6! B1 Alone or as denominator of probability to represent the number

Es together: ( = 360 ) of ways with Es together, no ×, + or –
2!

5! M1 their 5!
Probability = seen
6! 6!
their
2! 2!

1 A1 OE
3

Page 131
9709/53 18. O/N 20/P53/Q5 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020

Question Answer Marks Guidance

Alternative method for question 5(b)

5!  1  B1
P(Rs together and Es together): = 
their total number of ways  28 

6!  3  B1 Alone or as numerator of probability to represent the

P(Es together):
2! =  P(Rs and Es together), no ×, +, –
 28 
their total number of ways

1 M1 Alone or as denominator of probability to represent the

P(Es together), no ×, + or –
Probability = 28
3
28

1 A1 1
their
3 OE, 28 seen
3
their
28

19. M/J 20/P52/Q6

Question Answer Marks

19(a) 8! M1
3!

6720 A1

Page 132
9709/52 19. M/J 20/P52/Q6 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2020

Question Answer Marks

19(b) 10! B1
Total number = ( 302400 ) (A)
2!3!

9! B1
With Es together = ( 60480 ) ( B)
3!

Es not together = their (A) – their (B) M1

241920 A1

Alternative method for question 6(b)

_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_
8! 9 × 8
×
3! 2

8! × k in numerator, k integer ≥ 1, denominator ≥ 1 B1

3! × m in denominator, m integer ≥ 1 B1

8! M1
Their Multiplied by 9C2 (OE) only (no additional terms)
3!

241920 A1

(c) Scenarios: M1
5
EMMM C0 = 1
5
EMM_ C1 = 5
5
EM__ C2 = 10

Summing the number of ways for 2 or 3 correct scenarios M1

Total = 16 A1

Page 133
9709/51 20. M/J 20/P51/Q2 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2020

Question Answer Marks

20(a) 6! M1

720 A1

20(b) 9! M1
Total number: ( 30240 )
3!2!

8! M1
Number with Ls together = ( 6720 )
3!

9! 8! M1
Number with Ls not together = −
3!2! 3!
= 30 240 – 6720

23 520 A1

Alternative method for question 2(b)

7! 8 × 7
×
3! 2

7! × k in numerator, k integer ≥ 1 M1

8 × 7 × m in numerator or 8C2 × m, m integer ≥ 1 M1

3! in denominator M1

23 520 A1

Page 134
9709/51 21. M/J 20/P51/Q4 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2020

Question Answer Marks

21 Scenarios: M1
8
2P 3V 2G C2 × 4C2 × 6C3 = 28 × 6 × 20 = 3360
8
2P 4V 1G C2 × 4C1 × 6C4 = 28 × 4 × 15 = 1680
8
3P 3V 1G C3 × 4C1 × 6C3 = 56 × 4 × 20 = 4480
8
4P 2V 1G C4 × 4C1 × 6C2 = 70 × 4 × 15 = 4200
(M1 for Cr × Cr × 6Cr with ∑ = 7)
8 4

Two unsimplified products correct B1

Summing the number of ways for 3 or 4 correct scenarios M1

Total: 13 720 A1

22. M/J 20/P53/Q7

22(a) 9! B1
= 90 720
2!2!

22(b) 6! M1
2!

360 A1

Page 135
9709/53 22. M/J 20/P53/Q7 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2020

Question Answer Marks

22(c) 8! M1
2 Es together = ( = 20160 )
2!

Es not together = 90720 – 20160 = 70560 M1

70560 M1
Probability =
90720

7 A1
or 0.778
9

Alternative method for question 7(c)

_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_

7! 8 × 7
× = 70560
2! 2
7! × k in numerator, k integer ⩾ 1, denominator ⩾ 1 M1

Multiplying by 8C2 OE M1

70560 M1
Probability =
90720

7 A1
or 0.778
9 4
22(d) Scenarios are: M1
E L _ _ _ 5C3 10
E E L _ _ 5C2 10
E _ _ _ _ 5C4 5
E E _ _ _ 5C3 10

Summing the number of ways for 3 or 4 correct scenarios M1

Total = 35 A1

Page 136
9709/52 23. MAR 20/P52/Q1 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme March 2020

Question Answer Marks Guidance

38
23 Cr or nC34 M1 Either expression seen OE, no other terms, condone x1
38
C34 A1 Correct unsimplified OE

73815 A1 If M0, SCB1 38C34 x k, k an integer

24. MAR 20/P52/Q4

24(a) R^^^^^^^^^R M1 9! Alone on numerator,

9! 3! × k or 6! × k on denominator
3!6!

= 84 A1 2
24(b) ^ (B B B) ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ M1 7!
× k or 7k seen, k an integer > 0
6!

7! 8 × 7 M1 m × n ( n –1) or m × nC2 or m × n P2 , n=7, 8 or 9, m an integer > 0

×
6! 2

M1 n = 8 used in above expression

= 196 A1

Alternative for question 4(b)

[Arrangements, blues together – Arrangements with blues M1 9! Seen alone or as numerator with subtraction
together and reds together =]
9! 8!
−
2!6! 6!

= [252 – 56] M1 8! Seen alone or as numerator in a second term and no other

terms

M1 All terms divided by 6! x k, k an integer

= 196 A1 4

Page 137
9709/62 25. O/N 19/P62/Q7 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

25(i) 6! = 720 B1 1 Evaluated

25(ii) 9! B1 Accept unevaluated

Total no of arrangements: = 30240
2!3!

8! B1 Accept unevaluated
No with Ts together = = 6720
3!

With Ts not together: 30 240 – 6720 M1 9! 8!

correct or − , m, n integers > 1
m n
or their identified total – their identified Ts together

23 520 A1 CAO

25(iii) 7! M1 their identified number of arrangements with T at ends

Number of arrangements =
3! their identified total number of arrangements
7! 7!
their
3! = 840
Probability =
9! 30240 or m m, n integers > 1
their 9!
3!2! n

1 A1 Final answer
or 0.0278
36 2
4
25(iv) OOT_ _ 4
C2 = 6 M1 Cx seen alone or 4Cx x k ≥1, k an integer, 0< x <4
4
OOTT_ C1 = 4 4
OOOT_ 4
C1 = 4 A1 C2 x k, k = 1 oe or 4C1 x m, m = 1 oe alone
OOOTT =1

M1 Add 3 or 4 identified correct scenarios only, accept unsimplified

(Total) = 15 A1 CAO, WWW

4 Only dependent on 2nd M mark

Page 138
9709/62 25. O/N 19/P62/Q7 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

25(iii) 7! M1 their identified number of arrangements with T at ends

Number of arrangements =
3! their identified total number of arrangements
7! 7!
their
3! = 840
Probability =
9! 30240 or m m, n integers > 1
their 9!
3!2! n

1 A1 Final answer
or 0.0278
36 2
4
25(iv) OOT_ _ 4
C2 = 6 M1 Cx seen alone or 4Cx x k ≥1, k an integer, 0< x <4
4
OOTT_ C1 = 4 4
OOOT_ 4
C1 = 4 A1 C2 x k, k = 1 oe or 4C1 x m, m = 1 oe alone
OOOTT =1

M1 Add 3 or 4 identified correct scenarios only, accept unsimplified

(Total) = 15 A1 CAO, WWW

4 Only dependent on 2nd M mark
9709/61 26. O/N 19/P61/Q6 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

26(i) 9! B1 Exact value

= 181 440
2!

26(ii) 12! B1 Accept unevaluated

Total no of ways = = 9 979 200 (A)
2!4!

11! B1 Accept unevaluated

With Ss together = = 1 663 200 (B)
4!

With Ss not together = (B) – (A) M1 12! 8!

Correct or − , m, n integers > 1
m n
or their identified total – their identified Ss together

8 316 000 A1 Exact value

Page 139
9709/61 26. O/N 19/P61/Q6 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

6
26(iii) SEEE:1 M1 Cx seen alone or times K > 1
6
SEE_: 6
C1 = 6 B1 C3 or 6C2 or 6C1 alone
6
SE__: C2 = 15
6
S___: C3 = 20

Add 3 or 4 correct scenarios M1 No extras

Total = 42 A1

9709/63 27. O/N 19/P63/Q2 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

27(i) 9! B1 9! Divided by at least one of 2! or 3!

= 30240
2!3!

B1 Exact value

27(ii) 7! B1 7! Seen alone or as numerator in a term, can be multiplied

D _ _ _ _ _ _ _ R: = 1260 not + or –
2!2!
7!
D _ _ _ _ _ _ _ O: = 840
3!

B1 One term correct, unsimplified

Total = 2100 B1 Final answer

Page 140
9709/63 28. O/N 19/P63/Q3 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

28(i) 3A 2D 2M : 6C3 × 5C2 × 4C2 (= 1200) M1 6

Cx × 5Cy × 4Cz, x + y + z = 7
4A 2D 1M : 6C4 × 5C2 × 4C1 (= 600)
3A 3D 1M : 6C3 × 5C3 × 4C1 (= 800)

A1 2 correct products, allow unsimplified

M1 Summing their totals for 3 correct scenarios only

Total = 2600 A1 Correct answer

SC1 6C3 × 5C2 × 4C1 × 9C1 = 7200

4
7
28(ii) 7
C4 × 1 B1 C3 or 7C4 seen anywhere

35 B1

29. M/J 19/P62/Q7

29(a) 6
C3 × 3C2 × 1C1 M1 6
Ca × 6–aCb × 6–a–bC6–a–b seen oe 6–a–bC6–a–b can be implied by 1 or omission,
condone use of permutations,

= 20 × 3 A1 Any correct method seen no addition/additional scenarios

= 60 A1 Correct answer

Alternative method for question 7(a)

6
6
P6 6! M1 P6 / (nPn x k) with 3 ⩾ n > 1and 6 ⩾ k an integer ⩾ 1, not 6!/1
=
3
P3 × P2 × P1 3!× 2!
2 1
A1 Correct method with no additional terms

= 60 A1 Correct answer

Page 141
9709/62 29. M/J 19/P62/Q7 May/June 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

29(b)(i) 4! 3! M1 A single expression with either 4!/3! × k or 3!/2! × k, k a positive integer

× ×2
3! 2! seen oe (condone 2 identical expressions being added)

M1 Correctly multiplying their single expression by 2 or 2 identical

expressions being added.

= 24 A1 Correct answer

Question Answer Marks Guidance

29(b)(ii) 7! B1 Accept unsimplified

Total no of arrangements = = 420 (A)
2!3!

6! B1 Accept unsimplified
No with 2s together = = 120 (B)
3!

With 2s not together: their (A) – their (B) M1 Subtraction indicated, possibly by their answer, no additional terms
present

= 300 ways A1 Exact value www

Alternative method for question 7(b)(ii)

3_7_7_7_8_

5! 6 × 5 B1 k x 5! in numerator, k a positive integer

×
3! 2
B1 m x 3! In denominator, m a positive integer

M1 Their 5!/3! multiplied by 6C2 only (no additional terms)

= 300 ways A1 Exact value www

Page 142
30. M/J 19/P61/Q8

Question Answer Marks Guidance

30(i) (9C4 =) 126 B1

1
7 7
(ii) C2 B1 Cx or yC2 (implied by correct answer) or 7Px or 7Py, seen alone

= 21 B1 correct answer

(iii) _C 1 (B1 B2 B3 ) C2 _ C3 _ C4 _ C5 _ C6 B1 3! or 6! seen alone or multiplied by k > 1 need not be an integer

3! × 6! × 7 B1 3! and 6! seen multiplied by k > 1, integer, no division

= 30240 B1 Exact value

Alternative method for question 8(iii)

C1 (B1 B2 B3 ) C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 B1 3! or 7! seen alone or multiplied by k > 1 need not be an integer

3! × 7! B1 3! and 7! seen multiplied by k > or = 1, no division

= 30240 B1 Exact value

(iv) C 1 _ C2 _ C3 _ C4 _ C5 _C6 B1 6! or 4! X 6P2 seen alone or multiplied by k > 1, no division

(arrangements of cars)

6! × 5P3 or 6! × 5 × 4 × 3 or 6! x 3! x10 B1 Multiply by 5P3 oe i.e. putting Bs in between 4 of the Cs

OR multiply by 3! x n where n = 7, 8, 9, 10 (number of options)

= 43200 B1 Correct answer

Page 143
 9709/63 31. M/J 19/P63/Q3 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

31(i) 9! × 2 B1 9! seen multiplied by k ⩾ 1, no addition

= 725760 B1 Exact value

(ii) Eg (K 1K2K3K4K5) A A A (U1U2) A B1 2! or 5! seen mult by k > 1, no addition (arranging Us or Ks)

= 5! × 2! × 6! B1 6! Seen mult by k > 1, no addition (arranging AAAAKU)

= 172800 B1 Exact value

32. M/J 19/P63/Q4

Question Answer Marks Guidance

(i) M(8) W(4) B1 One unsimplified product correct

4 2 in 8C4 × 4C2 = 420 ways
5 1 in 8C5 × 4C1 = 224 ways
6 0 in 8C6 × 4C0 = 28 ways

M1 Summing the number of ways for 2 or 3 correct scenarios (can be

unsimplified), no incorrect scenarios

Total 672 ways A1 Correct answer

Page 144
9709/63 32. M/J 19/P63/Q4 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

32(ii) Total number of selections =12C6 = 924 (A) M1 12

Cx – (subtraction seen), accept unsimplified

Selections with males together = 10C4 = 210 (B) A1 Correct unsimplified expression

Total = (A) – (B) = 714 A1 Correct answer

Alternative method for question 4(ii)

10
No males + Only male 1 + Only male 2 M1 Cx + 2 x 10Cy , x ≠ y seen, accept unsimplified
= 10C6 + 10C5 + 10C5

= 210 + 252 + 252 A1 Correct unsimplified expression

= 714 A1 Correct answer

Alternative method for question 4(ii)

Pool without male 1 + Pool without male 2 – Pool without either M1 2 x 11Cx – 10Cx
male

= 11C6 + 11C6 – 10C6 A1 Correct unsimplified expression

= 462 + 462 – 210

= 714 A1 Correct answer

Page 145
9709/62 33. MAR 19/P62/Q7 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme March 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

33(i) 9! M1 9! alone on numerator, 2! and/or 3! on denominator

2!3!

= 30240 A1 Exact value, final answer

33(ii) A^^^A^^^A B1 Final answer

6!
Arrangements = = 360
2!

33(iii) M^M^^^^^^ M1 7! in numerator, (considering letters not M)

7!
= ×7
3!

M1 Division by 3! only (removing repeated As)

M1 Multiply by 7 (positions of M-M)

= 5880 A1 Exact value, final answer

Method 2 (choosing letter between Ms)

6! 6! M1 6! in sum of 2 expressions a6! + b6!

1× ×7 + 4× ×7
2! 3!

M1 Multiply by 7 in both expressions (positions of M-M)

= 2520 + 3360 M1 c d
+ seen (removing repeated As)
2! 3!

= 5880 A1 Exact value

Page 146
9709/62 33. MAR 19/P62/Q7 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme March 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

33(iii) Method 3

(MAM) ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ = 7!/2! = 2520 M1 7! in numerator (considering 6 letters + block)

(MA’M) ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ = 7!/3! × 4 = 840 × 4 = 3360 M1 Division by 2! and 3! seen in different terms

Total = 2520 + 3360 M1 Summing 5 correct scenarios only

= 5880 A1 Exact value

4
4
(iv) MA^= C1 = 4 B1 Final answer

(v) M ^ ^ : 4C2 =6 M1 Either option M M ^ or M ^ ^ correct, accept unsimplified

M M ^ : 4C1 =4

MMA: =1 M1 Add 4 or 5 correct scenarios only

MAA: =1
(M A _ :4C1 = 4)

Total = 16 A1 Value must be clearly stated

Method 2

M M ^ = 5C1 =5 M1 Either option M M ^ or M ^ ^ correct, accept unsimplified

M ^ ^ = 5C2 = 10 M1 Adding 2 or 3 correct scenarios only

MAA= =1 Total = 16 A1 Value must be clearly stated

Page 147
9709/62 34. O/N 18/P62/Q1 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018

Question Answer Marks Guidance

34(i) 11! M1 11! 11!

or , k a positive integer
4!4!2! 4!× k 2!× k

= 34650 A1 Correct final answer

34(ii) Method 1

4 3 12 B1 One of P(SS), P(PP) or P(II) correct, allow unsimplified

P(SS) = × = (= 0.10911)
11 10 110

2 1 2 M1 Sum of probabilities from 3 appropriate identifiable scenarios

P(PP) = × = (= 0.01818)
11 10 110 4 a 2 c 4 a
(either by labelling or of form × + × + ×
4 3 12 4 3 11 b 11 b 11 b
P(II) = × = (= 0.10911) × where a = 4 or 3, b = 11 or 10, c = 2 or 1)
11 10 110 11 10

26 13 A1 Correct final answer

Total = = oe (0.236)
110 55

Method 2

Total number of selections = 11C2 = 55 B1 Seen as the denominator of fraction (no extra terms) allow
Selections with 2 Ps = 1 unsimplified

Selections with 2 Ss = 4C2 = 6 M1 Sum of 3 appropriate identifiable scenarios (either by labelling or

Selections with 2 Is = 4C2 = 6, values, condone use of permutations. May be implied by 2,12,12)

Total selections with 2 letters the same = 13 A1 Correct final answer, without use of permutations
13
Probability of 2 letters the same = oe (0.236)
55

Page 148
 9709/62 35. O/N 18/P62/Q4 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018

Question Answer Marks Guidance

35(i) 5! × 6! ×2 B1 k×5! or m×6! (k,m integer, k,m ⩾ 1), no inappropriate addition

B1 n × 5! × 6! (n integer, n ⩾ 1), no inappropriate addition

= 172800 B1 Correct final answer, isw rounding (www scores B3)

All marks based on their final answer

3
35(ii) …G…G…G…G…G…G… M1 k × 6! or k × 7P5 (k is an integer, k ⩾ 1) no inappropriate add.
No. ways girls placed × No. ways boys placed in gaps = (7P5 ≡ 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 or 7C5 × 5!)

6! × 7P5 M1 Correct unsimplified expression

= 1814400 A1 Correct exact final answer (ignore subsequent rounding)

3
9709/61 36. O/N 18/P61/Q1 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018

Question Answer Marks Guidance

9
37 C4 ×5C3 × 2C2 B1 9
C4 or 9C3 or 9C2 seen (1st group)
5 or 7
=126 × 10 × 1 B1 C3 or 6 or 7C4 or 6 or 5C2 times an integer (2nd group)

=1260 B1 Correct answer

3
11
37(i) Scenarios are: M1 Ca ×5Cb × 4Cc , a+b+c=6,
11 5 4
4V + 1C + 1DB: C4 × C1 × C1
11
4V + 2C: C4 × 5C2 B1 2 correct unsimplified options
11
5V + 1C: C5 × 5C1

6600 + 3300 + 2310 M1 Add 2 or 3 correct scenarios only

= 12210 A1 Correct answer

4
Page 149
9709/61 37. O/N 18/P61/Q3 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018

Question Answer Marks Guidance

37(ii) 4! × 3! M1 k multiplied by 3! or 4!, k an integer ⩾ 1

A1 Correct unsimplified expression

= 144 A1 Correct answer

9709/63 38. O/N 18/P63/Q1 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018

Question Answer Marks Guidance

38 Method 1

... M … M … M … M … M … M1 k × 5! (120) or k × 6P2 (30), k is an integer ⩾ 1,

No. ways men placed × No. ways women placed in gaps = 5! × 6P2 M1 Correct unsimplified expression

= 3600 A1 Correct answer

Method 2

Number with women together = 6! × 2 (1440) M1 6! × 2 or 7! – k seen, k is an integer ⩾ 1

Total number of arrangements = 7! (5040)

Number with women not together = 7! – 6! × 2 M1 Correct unsimplified expression

= 3600 A1 Correct answer

Page 150
 9709/63 39. O/N 18/P63/Q4 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018

Question Answer Marks Guidance

12
(i) Total number of selections = C7 = 792 B1 Seen as denominator of fraction

Selections with boy included = 11C6 or 12C7 – 11C7 = 462 M1 Correct unsimplified expression for selections with boy included
seen as numerator of fraction

Probability = 462/792 = 7/12 (0.583) A1 Correct answer

OR

prob of boy not included = 11/12 × 10/11 × …. × 5/6= 5/12 B1 Correct unsimplified prob

1 – 5/12 M1 Subtracting prob from 1

= 7/12 A1 Correct answer

(ii) Method 1

Scenarios are: B1 One unsimplified product correct

4 8
2G + 5B: C2 × C5 = 336

3G + 4B: 4
C3 × 8C4 = 280 M1 No of selections (products of n C r and n P r ) added for 2, 3 and 4
4G + 3B: 4
C4 × 8C3 = 56 girls with no of girls and no of boys summing to 7

Total = 672 A1 Correct total

Probability = 672/792 (28/33) (0.848) A1ft Correct answer – ‘total’/( ‘total no of selections’ from i)

Method 2
4
0G + 7B C0 × 8C7 = 8 B1 One unsimplified no of selections correct

1G + 6B 4
C1 × 8C6 = 112 M1 No of selections (products of n C r and n P r ) added for 0 and 1 girls
Total = 8 + 112 = 120 with no of girls and no of boys summing to 7

(12C7 – 120)/792 or 1 – 120/792 A1 792 – 120 = 672 or 1 – 120/792

Probability = 672/792 (28/33) (0.848) A1ft ‘672’ over ‘792’ from i

Page 151
 9709/63 39. O/N 18/P63/Q4 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018

Question Answer Marks Guidance

(ii) Method 4 (probability)

P(2) + P(3) + P(4) = B1 One correct unsimplified prob for 2, 3 or 4

42/99 + 35/99 + 7/99 M1 Adding ‘P(2)’, ‘P(3)’ and P(4)’ (using products of 7 fractions with
denominators from 12 to 6)

A1 Three probs correct unsimplified

= 84/99 = 28/33 A1ft ‘P(2)’+ ‘P(3)’ + ‘P(4)’

9709/62 40. O/N 17/P62/Q6 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2017

Question Answer Marks Guidance

40(a)(i) EITHER: (M1 5

P2 or 5C2 × 2! or 5 × 4 OE (considering final 2 digits)
3**, 4**, 6**, 8**

options 4 × 5 × 4 = 80 M1 Mult by 4 or summing 4 options (considering first digit)

A1) Correct final answer

OR: (M1 Calculating total number of values (with subtraction seen)

Total number of values: 6 × 5 × 4 = 120

Number of values less than 300: 2 × 5 × 4 = 40 M1 Calculating number of unwanted values

Number of evens = 120 – 40 = 80 A1) Correct final answer

Page 152
9709/62 40. O/N 17/P62/Q6 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November
2017
Question Answer Marks Guidance

40(a)(ii) 3**, 4**, 6**, 8** (M1

EITHER: 6 linked to considering middle digit e.g. multiplied or in list
options 4 × 6 × 4 (last)

M1 Multiply an integer by 4 × 4 (condone × 16)

(No additional figures present for both M’s to be awarded)

= 96 A1)

OR: (M1 Calculating total number of values (with subtraction seen)

Total number of values 4 × 6 × 6 = 144

Number of odd values 4 × 6 × 2 = 48 M1 Calculating number of unwanted values

Number of evens = 144 – 48 = 96 A1)

40(b)(i) 252 B1

40(b)(ii) B (6)G(4)
M1 Multiplying 2 combinations 6Cq × 4Cr, q + r = 5, or 6C5 seen alone
5 0 in 6C5 (×4C0) = 6 × 1 = 6
4 1 in 6C4 × 4C1 = 15 × 4 = 60
3 2 in 6C3 × 4C2 = 20 × 6 = 120 M1 Summing 2 or 3 appropriate outcomes, involving perm/comb, no
extra outcomes.

Total = 186 ways A1

Page 153
9709/61 41. O/N 17/P61/Q6 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November
PUBLISHED 2017
Question Answer Marks Guidance
40 40
41(a)(i) P5 M1 Px or yP5 oe seen, can be mult by k ⩾ 1

= 78 960 960 A1

41(a)(ii) not front row e.g. WEJ** in 3× 3! = 18 ways B1 3! seen mult by k⩾1

7 rows in 7 × 18= 126 ways B1 mult by 7

front row: e.g. *MA** in 4 × 2 = 8 ways M1 attempt at front row arrangements and multiplying by the 7 other rows
arrangements, need not be correct

Total 126×8 = 1008 A1

41(b) EITHER: (M1 Considering either R or L only in team

e.g. *R** in 8C3 ways = 56 ways
*L** in 8C3 = 56 ways

**** in 8C4 = 70 ways M1* Considering neither in team

DM1 summing 3 scenarios

Total 182 ways A1)

10
OR1: (M1 C4 – , Considering no restrictions with subtraction
No restrictions 10C4 = 210 ways

*RL* = 8C2 = 28 M1* Considering both in team

210 – 28 DM1 subt

= 182 ways A1)

Page 154
 41. O/N 17/P61/Q6

41(b) OR2: (M1 Considering either R out or L out

R out in 9C4 = 126 ways
L out in 9C4 = 126 ways

Both out in 8C4 = 70 M1* Considering both out

DM1 Summing 2 scenarios and subtracting 1 scenario

126 + 126 – 70 = 182 ways. A1)

42. O/N 17/P63/Q6

Question Answer Marks Guidance

18 18
42(i) P5 M1 Px or yP5 OE seen, 0 < x < 18 and 5 < y <18, can be mult by k ⩾ 1

= 1 028 160 A1

42(ii) EITHER: (B1 5! OE mult by k ⩾ 1, considering the arrangements of cars next to each
e.g. ***(CCCCC)********** in 5!×14 ways other

= 1680 B1 Mult by 14 OE, (or 14 on its own) considering positions within the line

P (next to each other) = 1680/1 028 160 M1 Dividing by (i) for probability

P(not next to each other) = 1 – 1680/1 028 160 M1 Subtracting prob from 1 (or their ‘ 5! × 14 ’ from (i) )

 611  A1)
= 0.998   OE
 612 

OR1: (B1 5! OE mult by k ⩾ 1 (on its own or in numerator of fraction) considering

5! × 14! the arrangements of cars next to each other
= 0.001634
18!

B1 Multiply by 14!, (or 14! on its own) considering all ways of arranging
spaces with 5 cars together

M1 Dividing by 18!, total number of ways of arranging spaces

Page 155
9709/63 42. O/N 17/P63/Q6 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November
2017
Question Answer Marks Guidance
1 – 0.001634 M1 Subtracting prob from 1 (or ‘5! × 14!’ from 18!)

= 0.998(366) A1)

OR2: (M1 Listing the six correct scenarios (only): 4 together; 3 together and 2
4 together – 2 × 5! × 14C12 = 21 840 separate; 3 together and 2 together; two sets of 2 together and 1 separate; 2
3, 1, 1 – 3 × 5! × 14C11 = 1 31 040 together and 3 separate; 5 separate.
3, 2 – 2 × 5! × 14C12 = 21840
2,2,1 – 3 × 5! × 14C11 = 131 040
2,1,1,1 – 4 × 5! × 14C10 = 480 480
1,1,1,1,1 – 5! × 14C 9 or 14 P5 = 240 240

M1 Summing total of the six scenarios, at least 2 correct unsimplified

42(iii) R(5) W(4) B(3) B1 5C1 × 4C1 × 3C1 or better seen i.e. no. of ways with 3 different colours
Scenarios No. of ways
1 1 1 = 5 × 4 × 3 = 60
0 1 2 = 4 × 3C2 = 12 M1 Any of 5C2 or 4C2 or 3C2 seen multiplied by k > 1 (can be implied)
0 2 1 = 4C2 × 3 = 18
1 0 2 = 5 × 3C2 = 15 A1 2 correct unsimplified ‘no. of ways’ other than 5C1 × 4C1 × 3C1
2 0 1 = 5C2 × 3 = 30
M1 Summing no more than 7 scenario totals containing at least 6 correct
1 2 0 = 5 × 4C2 = 30
scenarios
2 1 0 = 5C2 × 4 = 40

Total = 205 A1

OR
12
C3 – M1 Seeing ‘12C3 –’, considering all selections of 3 cars

– 5C3 M1 Subt 5C3 OE, removing only red selections

– 4C3 M1 Subt 4C3 OE, removing only white selections

– 3C3 M1 Subt 3C3 OE, removing only black selections

= 205 A1 Correct answer

5
Page 156
9709/62 43. M/J 17/P62/Q6 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2017

Question Answer Marks Guidance

6(i) EITHER: Route 1

A*********A in 9! / 2!2!5! = 756 ways (*M1 Considering AA and BB options with values

B*********B in 9! / 4!5! = 126 ways A1 Any one option correct

756 + 126 DM1 Summing their AA and BB outcomes only

Total = 882 ways A1)

OR1: Route 2
A*********A in 9C5 × 4C2 = 756 ways (M1 Considering AA and BB options with values

B*********B in 9C4 × 5C5= 126 ways A1 Any one option correct

756 + 126 DM1 Summing their AA and BB outcomes only

Total = 882 A1)

Total: 4

6(ii) EITHER:
(The subtraction method) (*M1 Considering all As together – 8! seen alone or as numerator –
As together, no restrictions 8! / 2!5! = 168 condone × 4! for thinking A’s not identical

As together and Bs together 7! / 5! = 42 M1 Considering all As together and all Bs together – 7! seen
alone or numerator

M1 Removing repeated Bs or Cs – Dividing by 5! either

expression or 2! 1st expression only – OE

Total 168 – 42 DM1 Subt their 42 from their 168 (dependent upon first M being
awarded)

= 126 A1)

Page 157
9709/62 43. M/J 17/P62/Q6 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2017

Question Answer Marks Guidance

OR1:
As together, no restrictions 8C5 x 3C1 = 168 (*M1 8
C5 seen alone or multiplied
7
M1 C5 seen alone or multiplied

As together and Bs together 7C5 x 2C1 = 42 M1 First expression x 3C1 or second expression x 2C1

Total 168 – 42 DM1 Subt their 42 from their 168 (dependent upon first M being
awarded)

= 126 A1)

OR2:
(The intersperse method ) (M1 Considering all “As together” with Cs – Mult by 6!

(AAAA)CCCCC then intersperse B and another B M1 Removing repeated Cs – Dividing by 5!– [Mult by 6 implies
M2]

*M1 Considering positions for Bs – Mult by 7P2 oe –

6! DM1 Dividing by 2! Oe – removing repeated Bs (dependent upon

×7×6÷ 2 3rd M being awarded)
5!

= 126 A1)

Total: 5

Page 158
9709/61 44. M/J 17/P61/Q7 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2017

Question Answer Marks Guidance

44(a) EITHER: (B1 5! OE seen alone or mult by integer k ⩾ 1, no addition

e.g. xxxxx =5! for the other children

Put y in 6 ways, then 5 then 4 for the youngest children B1 Mult by 6P3 OE

Answer 5! × 6P3 = 14400 B1) Correct answer

OR: (B1 8! – 6! × k ⩾ 1seen

total – 3 tog – 2 tog = 8! – 6!3! – 6! × 2 × 5 × 3 = 14400

B1 6!3! or 6! × 2 × 5 × 3 seen subtracted

B1) Correct answer

Total: 3

44(b) D W M B1 One correct unsimplified option

2 2 1 = 6C2 × 4C2 × 1 = 90

3 1 1 = 6C3 × 4 × 1 = 80 M1 Summing 2 or more 3-factor options which can contain

perms or 3 factors added. The 1 can be implied

1 3 1 = 6 × 4C3 × 1 = 24 M1 Summing the correct 3 unsimplified outcomes only

Total=194 ways A1

Total: 4

44(c) C D S M1 summing 2 or more options of the form (2 1 1), (1 2 1),

26
2 1 1 = C2 × 9 × 5 × 4! = 351 000 (1 1 2), can have perms, can be added

1 2 1 = 26 × 9C2 × 5 × 4! = 112 320 M1 4 relevant products seen excluding 4! e.g. 26 × 9 × 8 ×

5 or 26 × 9P2 × 5 for 2nd outcome, condone 26 × 9 × 5
× 37 as being relevant

1 1 2 = 26 × 9 × 5C2 × 4! = 56 160 M1 mult all terms by 4! or 4!/2!

Total = 519 480 A1

Total: 4

Page 159
45. M/J 17/P63/Q6 9709/63 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2017

Question Answer Marks Guidance

45(a)(i) First digit in 2 ways. 2 × 4 × 3 × 2 or 2 × 4P3 M1 1, 2 or 3 × 4P3 OE as final answer

Total = 48 ways A1

Total: 2

45(a)(ii) 2×5×5×3 M1 Seeing 52 mult; this mark is for correctly considering the middle
two digits with replacement
M1 Mult by 6; this mark is for correctly considering the first and last
digits

= 150 ways A1

Totals: 3

45(b)(i) OO**** in 18C4 ways M1 18

Cx or the sum of five 2-factor products with n = 14 and 4, may
be × by 2C2:
4C0 × 14C4 + 4C1 × 14C3 + 4C2 × 14C2 + 4C3 × 14C1 + 4C4
(× 14C0)

= 3060 A1

Totals: 2

Page 160
 9709/63 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2017

Question Answer Marks Guidance

45(b)(ii) Choc Not Choc B1 The correct number of ways with one of 0, 1 or 2 chocs ,
0 6= 1 × 16 C6 = 8008 0.2066 unsimplified
1 5= 4 C1 × 16 C5 = 17472 0.4508 or any three correct number of ways of combining
2 4= 4 C2 × 16 C4 = 10920 0.2817 choc/oat/ginger, unsimplified
OR
Choc Oats Ginger
0 0 6
0 1 5
0 2 4
1 0 5
1 1 4
1 2 3
2 0 4
2 1 3
2 2 2

Total = 36400 ways M1 sum the number of ways with 0, 1 and 2 chocs and two must be
totally correct, unsimplified
OR
sum the nine combinations of choc, ginger, oats, six must be
totally correct, unsimplified

M1 dividing by 20C6 (38760) oe

20
Probability = 36400/ C6

= 0.939 (910/969) A1

Totals: 4

Page 161
 46. O/N 16/P62/Q6
Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2016 9709 62

46 (i) e.g. (OAEE)(CPNHGN) or cv

M1 4!/2! or 6!/2! seen anywhere
4! 6! M1 All multiplied by 2 oe
× × 2 = 8640 A1 [3]
2! 2!

(ii) First Method

Total ways = 10!/2!2! = 907200 B1 Total ways together correct
EE together in 9!/2! ways = 181440 M1 EE together attempt alone
EE not together = 907200 – 181440 M1 Considering total – EE together
= 725760 A1 [4]
OR
Second Method
C P N H G N O A in 8!/2! ways B1 8!/2! Seen

Insert E in 9 ways M1 Interspersing an E, x n where n=7,8,9. Condone

additional factors.
Insert 2nd E in 8 ways, ÷ 2 M1 Mult by 9×8(÷2), 9C2 or 9P2 only oe
Total = 8!/2!×9×8 ÷ 2 = 725760 A1

(iii) First Method

EN** in 6C2 ways M1 6
Cx or yC2 seen alone or mult by k > 1, x<6, y>2
M1 (1x1x) 6C2 seen strictly alone or added to their
EENN only
= 15 different ways A1

EENN in 1 way B1
Total 16 ways A1 [5]
OR
Second Method
Listing with at least 8 different correct options M1
Value stated or implied by final answer
Listing all correct options M1
Total = 15 different ways A1
correct value stated
EENN in 1 way B1
Total 16 ways A1
Award 16 SRB2 if no method is present

47. O/N 16/P61/Q5

Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper

Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2016 9709 61

47 (a) e.g. P*N*P*P*L M1 Mult by 5! in num

5! 6 P
= × 4 M1 Dividing by 3! or 2!
3! 2! M1 Mult by 6P4 oe
= 3600 A1 [4]
7
(b) (i) C5 × 5C4 × 2C1 × 2C1 M1 Mult 4 combs of which three
are correct
= 420 A1 [2]

(ii) both in team M1 Evaluating both in team and

subtracting from (i)
6
C4 × 4C3 × 2 × 2 = 240 M1 240 seen can be unsimplified
ft their 420, their 240
420 – 240 = 180 ways A1

Page 162
 47. O/N 16/P61/Q5
Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2016 9709 61

OR
Bat in bowl out + bowl in bat out + both out M1 summing 2 or 3 options not
both in team
= 6C4×4C3×2×2+6C5 × 4C3 × 2× 2+ 6C5 × 4C4 × 2 × 2 A1 2 or 3 options correct
unsimplified
= 60 + 96 + 24 = 180 ways A1 Correct ans from correct
working
OR
Bat in bowl out + bat out M1 As above, or bowl in bat out +
= 60 + 6C5× 5C4×2×2 = 60 + 120 = 180 ways A1 A1 [3] bowl out

Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper

Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2016 9709 63
48. O/N 16/P63/Q1

48 total ways 10C5 =252 M1 10

C5 – … or 252– …
MW together e.g. (MW)*** in 8C3 ways = 56
MW not together = 252 – 56 B1 252 and 56 seen, may be unsimplified
= 196 ways A1 [3]
OR 1
2 8C4+ 8C5 M1 2 nC4+ nC5
2 8C4 = 2x70=140; 8C5 = 56 B1 140 and 56 seen may be unsimplified
2 8C4+ 8C5 =196 A1
OR 2
2 9C5 –8C5 M1 2 9C5 – ..
2 9C5 = 2 × 126 = 252; 8C5 = 56 B1 252 and 56 seen, may be unsimplified
2 9C5 –8C5 =196 A1

49 (i) p = 1/3
P(⩾2) = 1 – P(0, 1) = 1 – (2/3)4 – 4C1(1/3)(2/3)3 M1 Bin term 4Cxpx(1 – p)4 – x 0 < p < 1
or P(2,3,4) =4C2(1/3)2(2/3)2 +4C3(1/3)3(2/3)+(1/3)4 M1 Correct unsimplified answer
11
= , 0.407 A1 [3]
27

(ii) P(sum is 5) = P(1, 1, 1, 2) ×4 = (1/3)4 × 4 M1 1, 1, 1, 2 seen or 4 options

M1 Mult by (1/3)4
4
= , 0.0494 A1 [3]
81

50 (i) e.g. **5 in 3P2 ways = 6 M1 Recognising ends in 5 or 7, can be implied

**7 in 3P2 = 6 M1 Summing ends in 5 + ends in 7 oe

Total 12 AG A1 [3] Correct answer following legit working

OR listing 457, 547, 467, 647, 567, 657, 475, 745 M1 Listing at least 5 different numbers ending in
465, 645, 675, 765 5
M1 Listing at least 5 different numbers ending in
7
Total 12 AG A1

(ii) 1 digit in 2 ways M1 Consider at least 3 options with different

2 digits in *5 or *7 = 3P1 × 2 = 6 number of digits. If no working, must be 3 or
4 from 2, 6, 12, 12
4 digits in ***5 or ***7 = 3P3 × 2 = 12 A1 One option correct from 1, 2 or 4 digits
Total ways = 32 A1 [3]

Page 163
 51. M/J 16/P62/Q7

Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper

Cambridge International AS/A Level – May/June 2016 9709 62

51 (a) (i) 10!

= 302400 B1 [1] Exact value only, isw rounding
2!3!

(ii) e.g. *W******W*, **W******W, M1 8! Seen mult or alone. Cannot be

W******W** embedded (arrangements of other 8
letters).

8! M1 Dividing by 3! (removing repeated L’s)

× 3(for the Ws)
3!
M1 Mult by 3 (different W positions) may be
sum of 3 terms
= 20160 A1 [4]

(b) S(5) A(7) C(4) M1 Mult 3 combinations, 5Cx, 7Cy, 4Cz (not 5
1 3 2 : 5×7C3×4C2 = 1050 x 7 x 4)
1 4 1 : 5×7C4× 4 = 700
2 3 1 : 5C2×7C3×4 = 1400 A1 2 correct options unsimplified
3 2 1 : 5C3×7C2×4 = 840
(Outcomes : Options) M1 Summing only 3 or 4 correct outcomes
involving combs or perms

Total = 3990 A1 [4]

52. M/J 16/P61/Q6

(a) (i) 9×9×8 M1 M1 Logical listing attempt

= 648 A1 [3]

OR 900 – 28 × 9 = 648

(ii) (7….in 1 × 8 × 4 = 32 ways M1 Listing #s starting with 7 or 9 and

ending odd

8 …in 1 × 8 × 5 = 40 M1
9… in 1 × 8 × 4 = 32 M1

Total 104 ways A1 [4]

(b) R(6 ) T(5) D(4)

2 2 3 = 6C2×5C2×4C3 = 600 M1 Mult 3 combs, 6Cx×5Cy×4Cz
2 3 2 = 6C2×5C3×4C2 = 900 M1 Summing 2 or 3 three-factor outcomes
3 2 2 = 6C3×5C2×4C2 = 1200 can be perms, + instead of ×
A1 2 options correct unsimplified
Total = 2700 A1 [4]

Page 164
53. M/J 16/P63/Q6
Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – May/June 2016 9709 63

Qu Answer Marks Guidance

53 (i) 7560 ways B1 [1]

7!
(ii) RxxxxxxxG in B1 7! alone seen in num or 4! alone in denom
4!
7!× 2
Must be in a fraction. gets full
4!× 2
marks

= 210 ways B1 [2]

6!
(iii) eg EEEExxxxx in B1 6! or 5! × 6 seen in numerator or on own
2! Can be 6! × k but not 6! ± k
B1 [2]
= 360 ways

(iv) 1 R eg RVG or RVN or RGN = 3 B1 [1]

(v) no Rs eg VGN or 3C3 ways = 1 M1 Summing at least 2 options for R

2 Rs eg RRV or 3C1 ways = 3
A1 Correct outcome for no Rs or 2 Rs –
Total = 7 A1 [3] evaluated

54. O/N 15/P62/Q2 55. O/N 15/P62/Q4

Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper

Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2015 9709 62

9
C6 84 21 3 9
54 P(no men) 16
= = = B1 C 6 seen anywhere
C6 8008 2002 286
16
= 0.0105 B1 C6 seen as denom of fraction oe
B1 3 Correct final answer
9 8 7 6 5 4
OR × × × × × = 0.0105 B1
16 15 14 13 12 11 B1 (9 × 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4) seen anywhere
B1 Correct unsimplified denom
Correct final answer
6
55 (i) Two in same taxi: M1 C4 or 6C2 oe seen anywhere
6
C2 × 4C4 × 2 or 6C2 + 6C4 M1 'something' ×2 only or adding 2 equal
terms
= 30 A1 3 Correct final answer
5
(ii) MJS in taxi M1 P1, 5C1 or 5 seen anywhere
(5C1×2×2)× 4P4 M1 Mult by 2 or 4 oe
M1 Mult by 4P4 oe eg 4! or 4×3P3 or can be
part of 5!
= 480 A1 4 Correct final answer

Page 165
 56. O/N 15/P61/Q5

Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper

Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2015 9709 61

56 (i) 5 (i)eg **(EEEE)*** M1 Mult by 6! oe

6! M1 Dividing by 2!2! oe
Number of ways = = 180 A1 [3] Correct answer
2!2!

(ii) S*******T or T*******S M1 Mult by 7! Or dividing by one of 2!

7! or 4!
Number of ways = ×2 M1 Mult by 2
4!2!
= 210 A1 [3] Correct answer

(iii) exactly one E in 6C3 ways M1 6

Cx as a single answer
x
= 20 M1 C3 as a single answer
A1 [3] correct answer

57. O/N 15/P63/Q5

57 (a) e.g. **(AAOOOI)***** B1 8! (8 × 7!) or 6! seen anywhere, either alone

or in numerator)
8! 6!
× = 604800 M1 Dividing by at least 3 of 2!2!2!3! (may be
2!2! 2!3! fractions added)
A1 3 Correct answer

(b) C(7) E(6) A(4) M1 Mult 3 appropriate combinations together

1 1 2 = 7 × 6 × 4C2 = 252 assume 6=6C1, 1=4C0 etc., ∑r=4, C&E both
1 2 1 = 7 × 6C2 × 4 = 420 present
1 3 0 = 7 × 6C3 × 1 = 140
2 1 1 = 7C2 × 6 × 4 = 504 A1 At least 3 correct unsimplified products
2 2 0 = 7C2 × 6C2 × 1 = 315
3 1 0 = 7C3 × 6 × 1 = 210 M1* Listing at least 4 different correct options
DM1 Summing at least 4 outcomes, involving 3
combs or perms, ∑r=4

Total = 1841 A1 5 Correct answer

SC if CE removed, M1 available for listing at

least 4 different correct options for remaining
2.
DM1 for 7C1×6C1×(sum of at least 4
outcomes)

58. M/J 15/P62/Q6

(a) (i) N*****B

5!
Number of ways = B1 5! Seen in num oe or alone mult by k [ 1
3!
= 20
B1 3! Seen in denom can be mult by k [ 1
B1 3 Correct final answer

(ii) B(AAA)NNS
5!
Number of ways = or 5P3 M1 5! seen as a num can be mult by k [ 1
2!
M1 Dividing by 2!
= 60
A1 3 Correct final answer

Page 166
58. M/J 15/P62/Q6

14 14
(b) C9 total options = 2002 M1 C9 or 14P9 in subtraction attempt
T and M both in 12C7 = 792 B1 12
C7 (792) seen
Ans 2002 – 792 = 1210 A1 3 Correct final answer
OR
Neither in12C9 = 220 M1 Summing 2 or 3 options at least 1 correct
One in 12C8 = 495 condone 12P9 + 12P8 + 12P8 here only
Other in 12C8 = 495 B1 Second correct option seen accept another
495 or if M1 not awarded, any correct
option
total = 1210 A1 Correct final answer

59. M/J 15/P61/Q7

Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper

Cambridge International AS/A Level – May/June 2015 9709 61

9!
(a) (i) B1 Dividing by 2!2!3!
2!2!3! 2

= 15120 ways [2] Correct answer

B1 [2]
8!
(ii) ********3 in = 1680 ways B1 Correct ways end in 3
2!2!3!
8!
********7 in = 3360 ways B1 Correct ways end in 7
2!3!
Total even
= 15120 – 1680 – 3360 M1 Finding odd and subt from 15120
or their (i)
= 10080 ways [4] Correct answer
A1 [4]
OR
********2 in 8!/2!3! = 3360 ways B1 One correct way end in even
********6 in 8!/2!2!3! = 1680 ways B1 correct way end in another even
********8 in 8!/2!2!2! = 5040ways M1 Summing 2 or 3 ways
Total = 10080 ways A1 Correct answer
OR
“15120” ×6/9 = 10080 M2 Mult their (i) by 2/3 oe
A2 Correct answer

(b) T(3) S(6) G(14)

1 1 3 in 3×6×14C3 = 6552 M1 Mult 3 (combinations) together
1 3 1 in 3×6C3×14 = 840 assume 6 = 6C1etc
3 1 1 in 1×6×14 = 84 M1 Listing at least 4 different options
2 2 1 in 3C2×6C2×14 = 630 M1 Summing at least 4 different
2 1 2 in 3C2×6×14C2 = 1638 options
1 2 2 in 3×6C2×14C2 = 4095 B1 At least 3 correct numerical
options

Total ways = 13839 (13800) [5] Correct answer

A1 [5]

Page 167
60. M/J 15/P63/Q7
Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – May/June 2015 9709 63
(i) W S D
1 1 3 = 6×4×3C3 = 24 M1 Listing at least 4 different options
1 3 1 = 6×4C3×3 = 72 M1 Mult 3 (combs) together assume 6 =
6
C1, Σr=5
3 1 1 = 6C3×4×3 = 240 M1 Summing at least 4 different
1 2 2 = 6×4C2×3C2 = 108 evaluated/unsimplified
2 1 2 = 6C2×4×3C2 = 180 options >1

2 2 1 = 6C2×4C2×3 = 270 B1 At least 3 correct unsimplified

options
Total = 894 A1 [5] Correct answer
3
(ii) P2 × 10P8 B1 3
P2 oe seen multiplied either here or
in (iii)
B1 k10Px seen or kyP8 with no addition,
k[1, y>8, x<10
= 10886400 B1 [3] Correct answer, nfww

(iii) DSWSWSWSWD or DWSWSWSWSD If 3P2 has not gained credit in (ii)

D in 3P2 ways = 6 may be awarded
4
B1 P4 or 6P4 oe seen multiplied or
S in 4P4 ways = 24 common in all terms (no division)
W in 6P4 = 360
Swap SW in 2 ways B1 Mult by 2 (condone 2!)
Total = 103680 ways B1 [3] Correct answer, 3sf or better, nfww

Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper

Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2014 9709 62
48
61 C43 B1 48 seen in a single term combination oe
B1 43 or 5 seen in a single term
combination oe
Both can be mult by integer k [ 1
= 1712304 (1710000) B1 3 Correct final answer

62 (i) 6! ×5! B1 6! oe seen multiplied by integer k [ 1

B1 5! oe seen multiplied by integer k [ 1
= 86400 B1 3 Correct final answer

(ii) 6! × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 B1 6! seen mult by integer k [ 1

B1 Mult by 7P4 oe
= 604800 B1 3 Correct final answer

Page 168
63. O/N 14/P61/Q7

(i) W(8) M(5)

4 2 = 8C4 × 5C2 = 700 M1 Mult 2 combs, 8Cx × 5Cy
5 1 = 8C5 × 5C1 = 280 M1 Summing 2 or 3 options
6 0 = 8C6 × 5C0 = 28 A1 2 correct options unsimplified
Total = 1008 A1 4 Correct answer

(ii) M1 and MMWWW = 3C2 × 8C3 = 168 M1 Summing 3 options

M2 and MMWWW = 3C2 × 8C3 = 168
Neither and MMMWWW = 3C1 × 8C3 = B1 One correct option
56
Total = 392 A1 3 Correct answer

OR total, no restrictions = 5C3 ×8C3 = M1 Subt 2 men together from no restrictions

560
M1M2 and MWWW = 3C1 × 8C3 = 168 B1 One correct of 560 or 168
560 – 168 = 392 A1 Correct answer

(iii) e.g. WWMWWW M1 5! Seen mult by integer > 1

= 5! (women) × 4 = 480 M1 Mult by 4
A1 3 Correct answer

OR 6! – MWWWWW – WWWWWM M1 6! seen with a subtraction

= 6! – 5! – 5! M1 5! or 2 × 5! Seen subtracted
= 480 A1 Correct answer

64. O/N 14/P63/Q6

Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2014 9709 63

64 (a) 1*****3 or 3*****1 or 2*****2 M1 Mult by 65 (for middle 5 dice outcomes)

= 65 × 3 M1 Mult by 3 or summing 3 different combinations
(for end dice outcomes)
= 23328 A1 3 Correct answer accept 23 300

(b) W J H
1 1 7 = 9C1×8C1×1 = 72 M1 Multiplying 3 combinations (may be implied)
1 7 1 = 9C1×8C7×1 = 72 A1 1 unsimplified correct answer (72, 504, 1680,
7 1 1 = 9C7×2C1×1 = 72 216 or 3024)
1 3 5 = 9C1×8C3×1 = 504 mult by 3! A1 A 2nd unsimplified different correct answer
3 3 3 = 9C3×6C3×1 = 1680 M1 Summing options for 1,1.7 or 1,3,5 oe (mult by
3 or 3!)
M1 Summing at least 2 different options of the 3

Total 4920 A1 6 Correct ans

If no marks gained If games replaced M1M1M1 max available

Listing all 10 different outcomes SCM1 If factorials used M0M1M1 max available

Page 169
65. M/J 14/P62/Q2
Page 5 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
GCE AS/A LEVEL – May/June 2014 9709 62

65 Y1(7) Y2(2)Y3(2) B1 One unsimplified correct 3-factor product of

1 2 2 =7×1×1=7 combinations
2 1 2 = 7C2 × 2C1 × 1 = 42 B1 A second unsimplified correct 3-factor product
2 2 1 = 7C2 × 1 × 2C1 = 42 of combinations
3 1 1 = 7C3 × 2C1 × 2C1 = 140 M1 Summing 3 or 4 options allow perms, wrong
combs but second numbers must sum to 5 etc.
Total = 231 A1 4 Correct answer

66. M/J 14/P62/Q5

66 (i) 5! × 3! or 6! B1 5! or 3! or 6! oe seen mult or alone

= 720 B1 2 Correct final answer

(ii) 3**4, 3**8, 4**8 M1 considering at least 2 types of 4-figure options

ending with 4 or 8 and starting with 3 or 4
B1 One option correct unsimplified can be implied
= 5 × 4 + 5 × 4 + 5 × 4 = 60 A1 3 Correct final answer

(iii) 5, *5, **5, M1 Appreciating that the number must end in 5 (can
be implied)
= 1 + 7 + 72 M1 summing numbers ending in 5 with at least 2
different numbers of digits
= 57 A1 3 Correct final answer
67. M/J 14/P61/Q6

6! B1 6! Seen alone
(i) = 360
2! B1 2 Dividing by 2! only

4! 4! B1 4! seen mult
(ii) ×
2! 3! B1 Dividing by 2! or 3! (Mult by 4 implied
B1B1)
= 48 B1 3 Correct answer

(iii) 1N and 1A: N A xx in 3C2 M1 3

Cx or xC2 seen alone
= 3 ways A1 2 Correct answer

(iv) 0 A : Nxxx = 1 way M1 Finding ways with 0 or 2 or 3 As

2 As: NAAx in 3C1 = 3 ways M1 Summing 3 or 4 options
3 As: NAAA in 1 way

Total = 8 ways A1 3 Correct answer

68. M/J 14/P63/Q7

(i) (a) 6! M1 Seen in a single term expression as numerator

(×) 4! OR (×) 4 × 3 M1 Seen in a single term expression as numerator
(denominator may be 1)
÷ 2!2!3! OR ÷ 2!3! M1 Seen in a single term expression as denominator

Total 720 ways A1 4 Correct ans

7! 7!
(i) (b) 1*******3 = = 420 B1 seen oe
3!2! 3!2!
3*******1= 420 M1 Attempting to evaluate and sum at least 2 of
3*******3= 420 1***3, 3***1, 3***3

Total = 1260 ways A1 3 Correct ans

Page 170
 68. M/J 14/P63/Q7
Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – May/June 2016 9709 62

(ii) e.g. *W******W*, **W******W, M1 8! Seen mult or alone. Cannot be

W******W** embedded (arrangements of other 8
letters).

8! M1 Dividing by 3! (removing repeated L’s)

× 3(for the Ws)
3!
M1 Mult by 3 (different W positions) may be
sum of 3 terms
= 20160 A1 [4]

(b) S(5) A(7) C(4) M1 Mult 3 combinations, 5Cx, 7Cy, 4Cz (not 5
1 3 2 : 5×7C3×4C2 = 1050 x 7 x 4)
1 4 1 : 5×7C4× 4 = 700
2 3 1 : 5C2×7C3×4 = 1400 A1 2 correct options unsimplified
3 2 1 : 5C3×7C2×4 = 840
(Outcomes : Options) M1 Summing only 3 or 4 correct outcomes
involving combs or perms

Total = 3990 A1 [4]

69. O/N 13/P62/Q6

(i) 1663200 B1 [1]

(ii) M xxxxxxxxx M M1 9! or 9P9 seen
9!
Number of ways = = 30240 A1 [2] Correct answer
3!2!
(iii) 4 vowels together = 8! × 4/2!2! M1 8!/2!2! seen mult by something
= 40320 M1 4 oe 4!/3! or 4C1 etc. seen mult by
something
1663200 – 40320 = 1622880 B1 [3] Correct answer
SC 7!/2!2! × 8P4 or 7! × 8P4/3! Or
7!/2!2! × 8P4/3! M1
(iv) Exactly 2 Es 4C2 = 6 M1 Summing 2 options
Exactly 3 Es 4C1 = 4 B1 One option correct
Total = 10 ways A1 [3] Correct answer
OR 5C2 M2 M1 for k5C2
= 10 A1 Correct ans

70. O/N 13/P61/Q6 71. O/N 13/P63/Q6

(i) M R O
3 1 2 = 7C3 × 5C1 × 8C2 = 4900 M1 Summing more than one 3term option
involving combs (can be added)

3 2 1 = 7C3 × 5C2 × 8C1 = 2800 M1 Mult 3 combs only (indep)

2 2 2 = 7C2 × 5C2 × 8C2 = 5880 A1 1 option correct unsimplified

Total = 13580 A1 4 Correct answer

(ii) 4 groups in 4! ways M1 4! seen mult by something

3 mountain in 3! ways
2 ordinary in 2! ways M1 Mult by 3! for racing or 2! for ordinary

4! × 3! × 2 = 288 A1 3 Correct answer

(iii) e.g. s O x x x x O s s s M1 2! or 4! seen mult

Ordinary in 2!
Rest of bikes in 4! M1 Mult by 5 (ssssb)
Bikes and spaces 5 groups in 5 ways
2! × 4! × 5 = 240 A1 3 Correct answer

Page 171
 71. O/N 13/P63/Q6
Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
GCE AS/A LEVEL – October/November 2013 9709 63

8!
(i) M1 8! Divided by at least one of 3!2!2! oe
3!2!2!
= 1680 A1 2 Correct answer

(ii) 5! M1 5! Seen (not added, may be divided/multipled)

= 120 A1 2 Correct answer

5!4!
(iii) B1 5! Or 4! Seen in sum or product in numerator
3!2!2! (denominator may by 1)
k 5!4!
M1 in a numerical expression
3!2!2!
= 120 A1 3 Correct final answer

(iv) GG with AA, AE, EE, RA, RE, RT, M1 Summing 2 options (could be lists)
TA, TE,
= 8 ways
GGG with A, E, R, T = 4 ways A1 1 correct option

Total = 12 ways A1 3 Correct answer

72. M/J 13/P62/Q6

(i) H J O Mult 3 combs, 2C2 may be implied

1. 2 8 2 = 4C2×9C8×2C2 = 54 M1 4Cx×9Cy×2Cz
3 7 2 = 4C3×9C7×2C2 = 144 M1 Summing 2 or 3 three-factor options
4 6 2 = 4C4×9C6×2C2 = 84 A1 2 options correct unsimplified

Total = 282 ways A1 [4] Correct answer

(ii) 4! × 6! × 2! × 3! M1 4! × 6! × 2! oe seen multiplied by int

≥1
M1 3! seen mult by int ≥ 1

= 207360 (207000) A1 [3] Correct answer

(iii) 8 J and O trees in 8! = 40320 ways B1 8! seen mult by int ≥ 1 no division

9 gaps × 8 × 7 × 6 M1 9P4 oe or 7P4 or 8P4 seen mult by int
≥ 1 no division

= 121,927,680 (122,000,000) A1 [3] Correct answer

(i) SR 4C2×9C2×2C2×9C6 M1

(ii) 4!×6!×2!
SR or 3! or both M1 M1
4!×6!×2!

73. M/J 13/P61/Q6

(i) 4! × 3! × 5! × 2! × 4! = 829440 B1 4!, 3!, 5!, 2 seen multiplied 1, not in

denominator
B1 Mult by 4!
B1 [3] Correct answer

(ii) 8! × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 B1 8! seen multiplied 1

B1 Mult by 9P6
= 2438553600 (2.44 × 109) B1 [3] Correct answer

(iii) 8C3 × 5C3 × 2C2 B1 8C3 seen mult

= 560 B1 5C3 seen mult
B1 [3] Correct answer
Page 172
74. M/J 13/P63/Q7

(i)
S(10) R(14) P(6) M1 Summing 2 or more 3-factor options perms or
1 2 4 = 10C1×14C2×6C4= 13650 combs
1 3 3 = 10C1×14C3×6C3= 72800 M1 Mult 3 combs or 4 combs with Σr=7
2 2 3 = 10C2×14C2×6C3= 81900 B1 2 options correct, unsimplified
Total = 168350 or 168000 A1 [4] Correct answer

(ii) 2! × 2! × 5! M1 2! × 2! oe, seen mult by an integer ≥1, no

division
M1 Mult by 5!, or 5! alone, seen mult by an integer
≥ 1 no division
= 480 A1 [3] Correct answer
2!× 2! 5!
If M0 earned or or both, SCM1
2!× 2! 3!
seen mult by an integer ≥ 1
Or 2!×2!×5! divided by a value

(iii) spaniels and retrievers in 4! ways M1 4! seen multiplied by an integer >1

gaps in 5P3 or 5 × 4 × 3 ways M1 Mult by 5P3 oe
A1 [3] Correct answer
= 1440

If M0 earned SCM1 5C 3 oe
4! P
or 5 3 or both, seen multiplied
2!×2! 3!
by an integer > 1
or
7! – 5! × 3! M1 oe
– {(4! × 2 × 4 × 3!) + M1 oe, e.g. 6 × 5 × 4 × 4!
(4! × 3 × 4 × 3!)} A1
= 1440

If M0 earned
3! × 2! × 2! used as a denominator in
all 4 terms SCM1 Marks cannot be earned from both methods.

Page 173
74. M/J 13/P63/Q7

74 (i)
S(10) R(14) P(6) M1 Summing 2 or more 3-factor options perms or
1 2 4 = 10C1×14C2×6C4= 13650 combs
1 3 3 = 10C1×14C3×6C3= 72800 M1 Mult 3 combs or 4 combs with Σr=7
2 2 3 = 10C2×14C2×6C3= 81900 B1 2 options correct, unsimplified
Total = 168350 or 168000 A1 [4] Correct answer

(ii) 2! × 2! × 5! M1 2! × 2! oe, seen mult by an integer ≥1, no

division
M1 Mult by 5!, or 5! alone, seen mult by an integer
≥ 1 no division
= 480 A1 [3] Correct answer
2!× 2! 5!
If M0 earned or or both, SCM1
2!× 2! 3!
seen mult by an integer ≥ 1
Or 2!×2!×5! divided by a value

(iii) spaniels and retrievers in 4! ways M1 4! seen multiplied by an integer >1

gaps in 5P3 or 5 × 4 × 3 ways M1 Mult by 5P3 oe
A1 [3] Correct answer
= 1440

If M0 earned SCM1 5C 3 oe
4! P
or 5 3 or both, seen multiplied
2!×2! 3!
by an integer > 1
or
7! – 5! × 3! M1 oe
– {(4! × 2 × 4 × 3!) + M1 oe, e.g. 6 × 5 × 4 × 4!
(4! × 3 × 4 × 3!)} A1
= 1440

If M0 earned
3! × 2! × 2! used as a denominator in
all 4 terms SCM1 Marks cannot be earned from both methods.

75. O/N 12/P62/Q5

5 (a) Boys in:10C1 × 9C3 = 840 ways M1 summing two 2-factor products, C or P
Boys out: 10C3 × 9C3 = 10080 ways B1 Any correct option unsimplified
Total = 10920 ways (10900) A1 Correct final answer
[3]

(b) (i) 12P8 = 19,958,400 B1 [1] or 20,000,000

(ii) together: 11P7 = 1663200 × 2 = 3326400 B1 11P7 seen

Not tog: 19958400 – 3326400 M1 19958400 or their (i) – their together
(must be >0)
=16,632,000 (16,600,000) A1 [3] correct final answer

OR
M at end then not F in 10 × 10P6 × M1 summing options for M at end and M
2=3024000 ways not at end
not at end in 10 × 9 × 10P6 = 13608000 B1 one correct option
ways
Total = 16,632,000 ways A1 correct final answer

Page 174
 75. O/N 12/P62/Q5

(iii) 8! × 5 = 201600 ways B1 8! seen mult by equivalent of integer ≥

1
M1 Mult by 5
A1 Correct answer SR 8! × 5!=4838400
[3] B2

76. O/N 12/P61/Q7

10! M1 10! or 10P10 seen in num or alone or

(a) = 1260
5!4! dividing by 5! 4! only
A1 [2] Correct final answer

(b) (i) 8P4 or 8C4 × 4! M1 8P4

or 8C4 oe seen allow extra
multiplication
= 1680 A1 [2] Correct answer

(ii) 6C2 × 4! M1 6C2 or 6P2 seen multiplied

Mult by 4!
= 360 M1 Correct answer

OR 6P4 or 4 × 3 × 6 × 5 = 360 A1 [3] Award full marks

(c) A B C
1 1 7 = 9C1 × 8C1 × 7C7 (oe) × 3C1 = 216 M1 Summing at least two options of 1, 1, 7
or 1, 3, 5 or 3, 3, 3
1 3 5 = 9C1 × 8C3 × 5C5(oe) × 3! = 3024 M1 Mult an option by 3C1 or 3! or 3C3
M1 Any one of the 2nd term being xCy seen
3 3 3 = 9C3 × 6C3 × 3C3 (oe) = 1680 mult, fitting with the first ( x could be 2,
4, 5, 6 or 8) and correspnding y
A1 Any of unsimplified 72, 504 or 1680
seen
Total = 4920 ways A1 [5] Correct answer

77. M/J 12/P62/Q5 78. M/J 12/P61/Q7 79. M/J 12/P63/Q3 80. O/N 11/P62/Q2

Page 175
77. M/J 12/P62/Q5
Page Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper
GCE AS/A LEVEL – May/June 2012 9709 62

(i) 11C6 = 462 B1

OR A3 B3 or A4 B2 or A5 B1 or A6
= 8C3 + 8C4 × 3C2 + 8C5 × 3C1 + 8C6 B1
= 56 + 210 + 168 + 28
= 462 [1]
(ii) 8C 4 × 3C2 + 8C5 × 3C1 + 8C6 M1 ∑ 2 or more two-factor terms, P or C any
numbers
= 210 + 168 + 28 B1 Any correct option unsimplified
= 406 A1 [3] Correct answer
(iii) 9C4 + 9C6 = 126 + 84 M1 Summing 9Cx + 9Cy can be mult by 2
no other terms
B1 126 or 84 seen or unsimplified 9C4, 9C6
= 210 A1 Correct answer
OR
1,2 in A tog with : A1B3 + A2B2 + A3B1 + M1 ∑ 5 or more 2-factor 6Px or 6Cx with 3Cx or
A4B0 + 1,2 out of A : A3B3 + A4B2 + 3Px only (can be mult by 2)
A5B1 + A6B0
= 6C1 + 6C2 × 3C2 + 6C3 × 3C1 + 6C4 + 6C3 × B1 3 or more correct unsimplified options
3C 3 + 6C 4 × 3C 2 + 6C 5 × 3 C 1 + 6C 6

= 6 + 45 + 60 + 15 + 20 + 45 + 18 + 1 = 210 A1 Correct answer

OR
462 – 9C5 – 9C5 M1 subt two 9Cx options from their (i)
B1 9C5 seen oe if using this method

= 210 A1 [3] Correct answer

78. M/J 12/P61/Q7

(a) (i) 7 couples in 7! ways B1 7! seen multiplied

each couple in 2 ways so 7! × 2 7 M1 mult by 27
= 645120 A1 [3] correct final answer

OR 14 × 12 × 10 × 8 × 6 × 4 × 2 = B2 correct unsimplified answer

645120 A1 correct answer

(ii) 7! × 7! × 2 B1 7! × 7! seen
= 50,803,200 (50,800,000) B1 [2] Correct answer

OR 14 × 6! × 7! B1 14 × 7! seen
B1 Correct answer

(b) (i) 7C2 = 21 B1 [1]

(ii) all in: 1 M1 Considering both cases

all not in: 5C4 = 5
total 6 A1 [2] Correct answer

(iii) 2 girls in: 6C2 × 3C2 = 45 M1 Attempt at summing 2 and 3 girls in the team
3 girls in: 6C1= 6 need not see 3C2
Total 51 A1 [2] Correct answer

Page 176
79. M/J 12/P63/Q3
Page Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper
GCE AS/A LEVEL – May/June 2012 9709 63

7! 7!
(i) ×2 B1 or 840 seen or implied
3! 3!

= 1680 B1 [2] correct answer

(ii) 6
C4 = 15 B1 [1] correct answer

(iii) 1E in 6C3 ways M1 k × 6Ca or k × bC3 (k a constant) or 6Pd or eP3

seen
= 20 A1 [2] correct final answer

(iv) need 2Es in 6C2 ways = 15 ways M1 attempt to find ways with 2Es or 3Es
need 3Es in 6C1 = 6 ways A1 6
C2 oe and 6C1 oe seen
total = 15 + 20 + 15 + 6 M1 summing ways for no Es, 1E, 2Es and 3Es
= 56 ways A1ft [4] correct final answer, ft on their four answers

80. O/N 11/P62/Q2

12
(i) each in 2 ways = 212 M1 2 seen
= 4096 A1 [2] Correct answer

12!
(ii) B1 [1]
7!5!
= 792

81. O/N 11/P62/Q3

(a) G R L
11 7 7 = 15C11 × 10C7 × 8C7 = 1310400 M1 Multiplying 3 combinations
13 6 6 = 15C13 × 10C6 × 8C6 = 617400 A1 One of 1310400, 617400, 14112 seen
15 5 5 = 15C15 × 10C5 × 8C5 = 14112 M1 Adding 3 options

Total = 1941912 (1940000) A1 [4] Correct answer

(b) e.g. * E * R * E (GG) N * A * E * gives 6
ways for G B1 7! / 3! Or 7!/3!3! seen oe
7!
× 6 or 8!/3! – 2 × 7!/3! B1 Multiplying by 6 (gaps) oe
3!
= 5040 ways. B1 [3] Correct final answer
8/2. O/N 11/P61/Q6

12! M1 Dividing by 2! 3! 2!
(a) (i) = 19958400 (20,000,000) A1 [2] Correct answer
2!3!2!
4! 9! B1 4! seen multiplied
(ii) × = 362880 B1 9! or 9 × 8! seen multiplied
2! 2!3!
B1 [3] Correct final answer
(b) (i) 3876 × 4! M1 Multiplying by 4!
= 93024 A1 [2] Correct answer
4
(ii) (3!) × 4! M1 3! or 6 or 4! seen
= 31104 A1 [2] Correct final answer

Page 177
 83. O/N 11/P63/Q4

(i) 3! × 4! × 8! × 3! M1 Multiplying 3 factorials together

M1 Multiplying by 3!
= 34 836 480 (34 800 000) A1 [3] Correct answer
3 4 8
(ii) C2× C2× C2 M1 Multiplying (only) 3 combinations
together
= 504 A1 [2] Correct answer
(iii) Fr Fa H
3 1 2 = 8C3 × 3C1 × 4C2 = 1008 M1 Multiplying 3 combinations, only
3 2 1 = 8C3 × 3C2 × 4C1 = 672 M1 Summing 3 options
8 3 4
4 1 1 = C4 × C1 × C1 = 840 A1 3 correct combination answers
total ways = 2520 A1 [4] Correct answer
84. M/J 11/P62/Q4
(i) 90720 B1 [1] Not 9!/2!2!
(ii) 3 vowels together B1 3! oe seen multiplied by integer oe
= 3! × 7!/2!2! = 7560 B1 7 or 6! seen multiplied as a num
90720 − 7560 83160
Prob(not together) = = M1 Subt from their (i) or dividing by their (i)
90720 90720 or 1 – prob
= 0.917 (=11/12) A1 [4] Correct answer from correct working
(iii) One S in 5C3 ways = 10 M1 5
C3 seen added
SS in 5C2 ways = 10 M1 5
C2 seen added
Total = 20 A1 [3] Correct answer

OR 6C3 M1 6
C3 × 2 or ÷ 2 or × 1 seen
6
M1 C3 only
= 20 A1 Correct answer

85. M/J 11/P61/Q4

(i) Options 5 bat 5 bl 1 Wk in M1 Multiplying three combinations together

10
C5 × 9C5 × 2C1 = 63504 ways
or 5 bat 4 bl 2 Wk in M1 Summing more than one sensible option
10
C5 × 9C4 × 2C2 = 31752 ways
or 6 bat 4 bl 1 Wk in
10
C6 × 9C4 × 2C1 = 52920 ways A1 Two options correct unsimplified
Total = 148176 (148000) A1 [4] Correct final answer
11!
(ii) = 6930 B1 [1] Correct answer evaluated
5!4!2!
10!
(iii) Omit a pen = 3150 M1 Summing three options
4!4!2!
10!
Omit a diary = 2520 B1 One option correct
5!3!2!
10!
Omit a notebook = 1260
5!4!
Total = 6930 A1 [3] Correct final answer

Page 178
Unit-3 Probability

1. M/J 22/P52/Q7

1 Hanna buys 12 hollow chocolate eggs that each contain a sweet. The eggs look identical but Hanna
knows that 3 contain a red sweet, 4 contain an orange sweet and 5 contain a yellow sweet. Each
of Hanna’s three children in turn randomly chooses and eats one of the eggs, keeping the sweet it
contained.
(a) Find the probability that all 3 eggs chosen contain the same colour sweet. [4]
(b) Find the probability that all 3 eggs chosen contain a yellow sweet, given that all three children
have the same colour sweet. [2]
(c) Find the probability that at least one of Hanna’s three children chooses an egg that contains an
orange sweet. [3]
2. M/J 22/P51/Q6
Janice is playing a computer game. She has to complete level 1 and level 2 to finish the game. She is
allowed at most two attempts at any level.
• For level 1, the probability that Janice completes it at the first attempt is 0.6. If she fails at her first
attempt, the probability that she completes it at the second attempt is 0.3.
• If Janice completes level 1, she immediately moves on to level 2.
• For level 2, the probability that Janice completes it at the first attempt is 0.4. If she fails at her first
attempt, the probability that she completes it at the second attempt is 0.2.

(a) Show that the probability that Janice moves on to level 2 is 0.72. [1]
(b) Find the probability that Janice finishes the game. [3]
(c) Find the probability that Janice fails exactly one attempt, given that she finishes the game. [4]
3. M/J 22/P53/Q6
Sajid is practising for a long jump competition. He counts any jump that is longer than 6 m as a success.
On any day, the probability that he has a success with his first jump is 0.2. For any subsequent jump,
the probability of a success is 0.3 if the previous jump was a success and 0.1 otherwise. Sajid makes
three jumps.

(a) Draw a tree diagram to illustrate this information, showing all the probabilities. [2]
(b) Find the probability that Sajid has exactly one success given that he has at least one success. [5]
On another day, Sajid makes six jumps.
(c) Find the probability that only his first three jumps are successes or only his last three jumps are
successes. [3]
4. O/N 21/P52/Q1
Each of the 180 students at a college plays exactly one of the piano, the guitar and the drums. The
numbers of male and female students who play the piano, the guitar and the drums are given in the
following table.
Piano Guitar Drums
Male 25 44 11
Female 42 38 20
A student at the college is chosen at random.
(a) Find the probability that the student plays the guitar. [1]
(b) Find the probability that the student is male given that the student plays the drums. [2]
(c) Determine whether the events ‘the student plays the guitar’ and ‘the student is female’ are
independent, justifying your answer. [2]
5. O/N 21/P51/Q3
For her bedtime drink, Suki has either chocolate, tea or milk with probabilities 0.45, 0.35 and 0.2
respectively. When she has chocolate, the probability that she has a biscuit is 0.3. When she has tea,
the probability that she has a biscuit is 0.6. When she has milk, she never has a biscuit.

Find the probability that Suki has tea given that she does not have a biscuit. [5]

Page 179
6. O/N 21/P53/Q7
Box A contains 6 red balls and 4 blue balls. Box B contains x red balls and 9 blue balls. A ball is
chosen at random from box A and placed in box B. A ball is then chosen at random from box B.
(a) Complete the tree diagram below, giving the remaining four probabilities in terms of x. [3]
Box A Box B

Red

Red
6
10
Blue

Red
4
10
Blue

Blue
4
(b) Show that the probability that both balls chosen are blue is . [2]
x + 10
It is given that the probability that both balls chosen are blue is 61 .
(c) Find the probability, correct to 3 significant figures, that the ball chosen from box A is red given
that the ball chosen from box B is red. [5]

7. M/J 21/P52/Q3
On each day that Alexa goes to work, the probabilities that she travels by bus, by train or by car are
0.4, 0.35 and 0.25 respectively. When she travels by bus, the probability that she arrives late is 0.55.
When she travels by train, the probability that she arrives late is 0.7. When she travels by car, the
probability that she arrives late is x.
On a randomly chosen day when Alexa goes to work, the probability that she does not arrive late
is 0.48.
(a) Find the value of x. [3]
(b) Find the probability that Alexa travels to work by train given that she arrives late. [3]

8. M/J 21/P51/Q4
To gain a place at a science college, students first have to pass a written test and then a practical test.

Each student is allowed a maximum of two attempts at the written test. A student is only allowed
a second attempt if they fail the first attempt. No student is allowed more than one attempt at the
practical test. If a student fails both attempts at the written test, then they cannot attempt the practical
test.

The probability that a student will pass the written test at the first attempt is 0.8. If a student fails the
first attempt at the written test, the probability that they will pass at the second attempt is 0.6. The
probability that a student will pass the practical test is always 0.3.

(a) Draw a tree diagram to represent this information, showing the probabilities on the branches.
[3]
(b) Find the probability that a randomly chosen student will succeed in gaining a place at the college.
[2]

Page 180
9. M/J 21/P53/Q7(a)
In the region of Arka, the total number of households in the three villages Reeta, Shan and Teber is 800.
Each of the households was asked about the quality of their broadband service. Their responses are
summarised in the following table.

Quality of broadband service

Excellent Good Poor
Reeta 75 118 32
Village Shan 223 177 40
Teber 12 60 63

(a) (i) Find the probability that a randomly chosen household is in Shan and has poor broadband
service. [1]
(ii) Find the probability that a randomly chosen household has good broadband service given
that the household is in Shan. [2]
10. O/N 20/P52/Q4
In a certain country, the weather each day is classified as fine or rainy. The probability that a fine day
is followed by a fine day is 0.75 and the probability that a rainy day is followed by a fine day is 0.4.
The probability that it is fine on 1 April is 0.8. The tree diagram below shows the possibilities for the
weather on 1 April and 2 April.
(a) Complete the tree diagram to show the probabilities. [1]

1 April 2 April
Fine

Fine

Rainy

Fine

Rainy

Rainy

(b) Find the probability that 2 April is fine. [2]

Let X be the event that 1 April is fine and Y be the event that 3 April is rainy.
(c) Find the value of P X › Y
. [3]
(d) Find the probability that 1 April is fine given that 3 April is rainy. [3]

Page 181
11. O/N 20/P51/Q1

Two ordinary fair dice, one red and the other blue, are thrown.
Event A is ‘the score on the red die is divisible by 3’.
Event B is ‘the sum of the two scores is at least 9’.

(a) Find P A › B
. [2]

(b) Hence determine whether or not the events A and B are independent. [2]

12. O/N 20/P51/Q2

The probability that a student at a large music college plays in the band is 0.6. For a student who plays
in the band, the probability that she also sings in the choir is 0.3. For a student who does not play
in the band, the probability that she sings in the choir is x. The probability that a randomly chosen
student from the college does not sing in the choir is 0.58.
(a) Find the value of x. [3]
Two students from the college are chosen at random.
(b) Find the probability that both students play in the band and both sing in the choir. [2]

13. M/J 20/P52/Q2

A total of 500 students were asked which one of four colleges they attended and whether they preferred
soccer or hockey. The numbers of students in each category are shown in the following table.

Soccer Hockey Total

Amos 54 32 86
Benn 84 72 156
Canton 22 56 78
Devar 120 60 180
Total 280 220 500

(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen student is at Canton college and prefers hockey.
[1]
(b) Find the probability that a randomly chosen student is at Devar college given that he prefers
soccer. [2]
14. M/J 20/P51/Q5
On Mondays, Rani cooks her evening meal. She has a pizza, a burger or a curry with probabilities
0.35, 0.44, 0.21 respectively. When she cooks a pizza, Rani has some fruit with probability 0.3.
When she cooks a burger, she has some fruit with probability 0.8. When she cooks a curry, she never
has any fruit.

(a) Draw a fully labelled tree diagram to represent this information. [2]
(b) Find the probability that Rani has some fruit. [2]
(c) Find the probability that Rani does not have a burger given that she does not have any fruit. [4]
15. M/J 20/P53/Q1
Juan goes to college each day by any one of car or bus or walking. The probability that he goes by
car is 0.2, the probability that he goes by bus is 0.45 and the probability that he walks is 0.35. When
Juan goes by car, the probability that he arrives early is 0.6. When he goes by bus, the probability
that he arrives early is 0.1. When he walks he always arrives early.
(a) Draw a fully labelled tree diagram to represent this information. [2]
(b) Find the probability that Juan goes to college by car given that he arrives early. [4]

Page 182
16. MAR 20/P52/Q6
Box A contains 7 red balls and 1 blue ball. Box B contains 9 red balls and 5 blue balls. A ball is
chosen at random from box A and placed in box B. A ball is then chosen at random from box B. The
tree diagram below shows the possibilities for the colours of the balls chosen.
(a) Complete the tree diagram to show the probabilities. [3]

Box A Box B
Red

Red

Blue

Red

Blue

Blue
(b) Find the probability that the two balls chosen are not the same colour. [2]
(c) Find the probability that the ball chosen from box A is blue given that the ball chosen from box B
is blue. [4]
17. O/N 19/P62/Q2
Benju cycles to work each morning and he has two possible routes. He chooses the hilly route with
probability 0.4 and the busy route with probability 0.6. If he chooses the hilly route, the probability
that he will be late for work is x and if he chooses the busy route the probability that he will be late
for work is 2x. The probability that Benju is late for work on any day is 0.36.
(i) Show that x = 0.225. [2]
(ii) Given that Benju is not late for work, find the probability that he chooses the hilly route. [3]

18. O/N 19/P61/Q1

When Shona goes to college she either catches the bus with probability 0.8 or she cycles with
probability 0.2. If she catches the bus, the probability that she is late is 0.4. If she cycles, the
probability that she is late is x. The probability that Shona is not late for college on a randomly chosen
day is 0.63. Find the value of x. [3]
19. O/N 19/P63/Q1
There are 300 students at a music college. All students play exactly one of the guitar, the piano or
the flute. The numbers of male and female students that play each of the instruments are given in the
following table.

Guitar Piano Flute

Female students 62 35 43
Male students 78 40 42

(i) Find the probability that a randomly chosen student at the college is a male who does not play
the piano. [1]
(ii) Determine whether the events ‘a randomly chosen student is male’ and ‘a randomly chosen
student does not play the piano’ are independent, justifying your answer. [2]

Page 183
20. M/J 19/P62/Q1
Two ordinary fair dice are thrown and the numbers obtained are noted. Event S is ‘The sum of the
numbers is even’. Event T is ‘The sum of the numbers is either less than 6 or a multiple of 4 or both’.
Showing your working, determine whether the events S and T are independent. [4]

21. M/J 19/P62/Q5

Maryam has 7 sweets in a tin; 6 are toffees and 1 is a chocolate. She chooses one sweet at random
and takes it out. Her friend adds 3 chocolates to the tin. Then Maryam takes another sweet at random
out of the tin.
(i) Draw a fully labelled tree diagram to illustrate this situation. [3]
(ii) Draw up the probability distribution table for the number of toffees taken. [3]
(iii) Find the mean number of toffees taken. [1]
(iv) Find the probability that the first sweet taken is a chocolate, given that the second sweet taken is
a toffee. [4]
22. M/J 19/P61/Q2
Jameel has 5 plums and 3 apricots in a box. Rosa has x plums and 6 apricots in a box. One fruit
is chosen at random from Jameel’s box and one fruit is chosen at random from Rosa’s box. The
probability that both fruits chosen are plums is 41 . Write down an equation in x and hence find x. [3]

23. M/J 19/P61/Q3

A fair six-sided die is thrown twice and the scores are noted. Event X is defined as ‘The total of the
two scores is 4’. Event Y is defined as ‘The first score is 2 or 5’. Are events X and Y independent?
Justify your answer. [4]
24. M/J 19/P63/Q2
Megan sends messages to her friends in one of 3 different ways: text, email or social media. For each
message, the probability that she uses text is 0.3 and the probability that she uses email is 0.2. She
receives an immediate reply from a text message with probability 0.4, from an email with probability
0.15 and from social media with probability 0.6.
(i) Draw a fully labelled tree diagram to represent this information. [2]
(ii) Given that Megan does not receive an immediate reply to a message, find the probability that the
message was an email. [4]

25. MAR 19/P62/Q1

On each day that Tamar goes to work, he wears either a blue suit with probability 0.6 or a grey suit
with probability 0.4. If he wears a blue suit then the probability that he wears red socks is 0.2. If he
wears a grey suit then the probability that he wears red socks is 0.32.
(i) Find the probability that Tamar wears red socks on any particular day that he is at work. [2]
(ii) Given that Tamar is not wearing red socks at work, find the probability that he is wearing a grey
suit. [3]
26. O/N 18/P62/Q3
Jake attempts the crossword puzzle in his daily newspaper every day. The probability that he will
complete the puzzle on any given day is 0.75, independently of all other days.
(i) Find the probability that he will complete the puzzle at least three times over a period of five
days. [3]
Kenny also attempts the puzzle every day. The probability that he will complete the puzzle on a
Monday is 0.8. The probability that he will complete it on a Tuesday is 0.9 if he completed it on the
previous day and 0.6 if he did not complete it on the previous day.

(ii) Find the probability that Kenny will complete the puzzle on at least one of the two days Monday
and Tuesday in a randomly chosen week. [3]

Page 184
27. O/N 18/P61/Q7
In a group of students, the numbers of boys and girls studying Art, Music and Drama are given in the
following table. Each of these 160 students is studying exactly one of these subjects.

Art Music Drama

Boys 24 40 32
Girls 15 12 37
(i) Find the probability that a randomly chosen student is studying Music. [1]
(ii) Determine whether the events ‘a randomly chosen student is a boy’ and ‘a randomly chosen
student is studying Music’ are independent, justifying your answer. [2]
(iii) Find the probability that a randomly chosen student is not studying Drama, given that the student
is a girl. [2]
(iv) Three students are chosen at random. Find the probability that exactly 1 is studying Music and
exactly 2 are boys. [5]

28. O/N 18/P63/Q3

A box contains 3 red balls and 5 blue balls. One ball is taken at random from the box and not replaced.
A yellow ball is then put into the box. A second ball is now taken at random from the box.
(i) Complete the tree diagram to show all the outcomes and the probability for each branch. [2]
First ball Second ball

(ii) Find the probability that the two balls taken are the same colour. [2]
(iii) Find the probability that the first ball taken is red, given that the second ball taken is blue. [3]

29. O/N 17/P62/Q4

A fair tetrahedral die has faces numbered 1, 2, 3, 4. A coin is biased so that the probability of showing
a head when thrown is 31 . The die is thrown once and the number n that it lands on is noted. The
biased coin is then thrown n times. So, for example, if the die lands on 3, the coin is thrown 3 times.
(i) Find the probability that the die lands on 4 and the number of times the coin shows heads is 2.
[3]
(ii) Find the probability that the die lands on 3 and the number of times the coin shows heads is 3.
[1]
(iii) Find the probability that the number the die lands on is the same as the number of times the coin
shows heads. [3]

Page 185
30. O/N 17/P61/Q3
An experiment consists of throwing a biased die 30 times and noting the number of 4s obtained. This
experiment was repeated many times and the average number of 4s obtained in 30 throws was found
to be 6.21.

(i) Estimate the probability of throwing a 4. [1]

Hence
(ii) find the variance of the number of 4s obtained in 30 throws, [1]
(iii) find the probability that in 15 throws the number of 4s obtained is 2 or more. [3]

31. O/N 17/P61/Q5

Over a period of time Julian finds that on long-distance flights he flies economy class on 82% of
flights. On the rest of the flights he flies first class. When he flies economy class, the probability that
he gets a good night’s sleep is x. When he flies first class, the probability that he gets a good night’s
sleep is 0.9.
(i) Draw a fully labelled tree diagram to illustrate this situation. [2]
The probability that Julian gets a good night’s sleep on a randomly chosen flight is 0.285.
(ii) Find the value of x. [2]

32. O/N 17/P63/Q3

At the end of a revision course in mathematics, students have to pass a test to gain a certificate. The
probability of any student passing the test at the first attempt is 0.85. Those students who fail are
allowed to retake the test once, and the probability of any student passing the retake test is 0.65.

(i) Draw a fully labelled tree diagram to show all the outcomes. [2]
(ii) Given that a student gains the certificate, find the probability that this student fails the test on the
first attempt. [4]
33. M/J 17/P62/Q4
Two identical biased triangular spinners with sides marked 1, 2 and 3 are spun. For each spinner, the
probabilities of landing on the sides marked 1, 2 and 3 are p, q and r respectively. The score is the
1 and
sum of the numbers on the sides on which the spinners land. You are given that P score is 6
= 36
P score is 5
= 19 . Find the values of p, q and r. [6]

34. M/J 17/P62/Q7

During the school holidays, each day Khalid either rides on his bicycle with probability 0.6, or on his
skateboard with probability 0.4. Khalid does not ride on both on the same day. If he rides on his
bicycle then the probability that he hurts himself is 0.05. If he rides on his skateboard the probability
that he hurts himself is 0.75.

(i) Find the probability that Khalid hurts himself on any particular day. [2]
(ii) Given that Khalid hurts himself on a particular day, find the probability that he is riding on his
skateboard. [2]
(iii) There are 45 days of school holidays. Show that the variance of the number of days Khalid rides
on his skateboard is the same as the variance of the number of days that Khalid rides on his
bicycle. [2]
(iv) Find the probability that Khalid rides on his skateboard on at least 2 of 10 randomly chosen days
in the school holidays. [3]

35. M/J 17/P61/Q2

Ashfaq throws two fair dice and notes the numbers obtained. R is the event ‘The product of the two
numbers is 12’. T is the event ‘One of the numbers is odd and one of the numbers is even’. By finding
appropriate probabilities, determine whether events R and T are independent. [5]

Page 186
36. M/J 17/P61/Q3(i)
Redbury United soccer team play a match every week. Each match can be won, drawn or lost. At
the beginning of the soccer season the probability that Redbury United win their first match is 53 , with
equal probabilities of losing or drawing. If they win the first match, the probability that they win the
second match is 10 7 and the probability that they lose the second match is 1 . If they draw the first
10
match they are equally likely to win, draw or lose the second match. If they lose the first match, the
probability that they win the second match is 103 and the probability that they draw the second match
1.
is 20

(i) Draw a fully labelled tree diagram to represent the first two matches played by Redbury United
in the soccer season. [2]
(ii) Given that Redbury United win the second match, find the probability that they lose the first
match. [4]
37. M/J 17/P63/Q1
A biased die has faces numbered 1 to 6. The probabilities of the die landing on 1, 3 or 5 are each
equal to 0.1. The probabilities of the die landing on 2 or 4 are each equal to 0.2. The die is thrown
twice. Find the probability that the sum of the numbers it lands on is 9. [4]

38. M/J 17/P63/Q3

A shop sells two makes of coffee, Café Premium and Café Standard. Both coffees come in two sizes,
large jars and small jars. Of the jars on sale, 65% are Café Premium and 35% are Café Standard. Of
the Café Premium, 40% of the jars are large and of the Café Standard, 25% of the jars are large. A jar
is chosen at random.
(i) Find the probability that the jar is small. [2]
(ii) Find the probability that the jar is Café Standard given that it is large. [3]
39. O/N 16/P62/Q1
When Anya goes to school, the probability that she walks is 0.3 and the probability that she cycles
is 0.65; if she does not walk or cycle she takes the bus. When Anya walks the probability that she
is late is 0.15. When she cycles the probability that she is late is 0.1 and when she takes the bus the
probability that she is late is 0.6. Given that Anya is late, find the probability that she cycles. [5]
40. O/N 16/P61/Q3
Visitors to a Wildlife Park in Africa have independent probabilities of 0.9 of seeing giraffes, 0.95 of
seeing elephants, 0.85 of seeing zebras and 0.1 of seeing lions.

(i) Find the probability that a visitor to the Wildlife Park sees all these animals. [1]

(ii) Find the probability that, out of 12 randomly chosen visitors, fewer than 3 see lions. [3]

(iii) 50 people independently visit the Wildlife Park. Find the mean and variance of the number of
these people who see zebras. [2]
41. O/N 16/P63/Q4
For a group of 250 cars the numbers, classified by colour and country of manufacture, are shown in
the table.
Germany Japan Korea
Silver 40 26 34
White 32 22 26
Red 28 12 30

One car is selected at random from this group. Find the probability that the selected car is
(i) a red or silver car manufactured in Korea, [1]
(ii) not manufactured in Japan. [1]
X is the event that the selected car is white. Y is the event that the selected car is manufactured in
Germany.
(iii) By using appropriate probabilities, determine whether events X and Y are independent. [5]

Page 187
42. M/J 16/P62/Q1
Ayman’s breakfast drink is tea, coffee or hot chocolate with probabilities 0.65, 0.28, 0.07 respectively.
When he drinks tea, the probability that he has milk in it is 0.8. When he drinks coffee, the probability
that he has milk in it is 0.5. When he drinks hot chocolate he always has milk in it.

(i) Draw a fully labelled tree diagram to represent this information. [2]

(ii) Find the probability that Ayman’s breakfast drink is coffee, given that his drink has milk in it.
[3]
43. M/J 16/P61/Q3
The probability that the school bus is on time on any particular day is 0.6. If the bus is on time the
probability that Sam the driver gets a cup of coffee is 0.9. If the bus is not on time the probability that
Sam gets a cup of coffee is 0.3.

(i) Find the probability that Sam gets a cup of coffee. [2]

(ii) Given that Sam does not get a cup of coffee, find the probability that the bus is not on time. [3]
44. O/N 15/P62/Q3
One plastic robot is given away free inside each packet of a certain brand of biscuits. There are four
colours of plastic robot (red, yellow, blue and green) and each colour is equally likely to occur. Nick
buys some packets of these biscuits. Find the probability that
(i) he gets a green robot on opening his first packet, [1]
(ii) he gets his first green robot on opening his fifth packet. [2]

Nick’s friend Amos is also collecting robots.

(iii) Find the probability that the first four packets Amos opens all contain different coloured robots.
[3]
45. O/N 15/P63/Q2
In country X , 25% of people have fair hair. In country Y , 60% of people have fair hair. There are
20 million people in country X and 8 million people in country Y . A person is chosen at random from
these 28 million people.

(i) Find the probability that the person chosen is from country X . [1]

(ii) Find the probability that the person chosen has fair hair. [2]

(iii) Find the probability that the person chosen is from country X , given that the person has fair hair.
[2]
46. O/N 15/P63/Q.3
Ellie throws two fair tetrahedral dice, each with faces numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4. She notes the numbers
on the faces that the dice land on. Event S is ‘the sum of the two numbers is 4’. Event T is ‘the
product of the two numbers is an odd number’.

(i) Determine whether events S and T are independent, showing your working. [5]

(ii) Are events S and T exclusive? Justify your answer. [1]

Page 188
47. M/J 15/P62/Q4
0.72 Mother likes her present
Nikita buys a scarf
0.3
Mother does not like her present

x Mother likes her present

Nikita buys a handbag
Mother does not like her present

Nikita goes shopping to buy a birthday present for her mother. She buys either a scarf, with
probability 0.3, or a handbag. The probability that her mother will like the choice of scarf is 0.72.
The probability that her mother will like the choice of handbag is x. This information is shown on the
tree diagram. The probability that Nikita’s mother likes the present that Nikita buys is 0.783.

(i) Find x. [3]

(ii) Given that Nikita’s mother does not like her present, find the probability that the present is a
scarf. [4]
48. M/J 15/P61/Q3
Jason throws two fair dice, each with faces numbered 1 to 6. Event A is ‘one of the numbers obtained
is divisible by 3 and the other number is not divisible by 3’. Event B is ‘the product of the two
numbers obtained is even’.

(i) Determine whether events A and B are independent, showing your working. [5]

(ii) Are events A and B mutually exclusive? Justify your answer. [1]

49. M/J 15/P61/Q4 View fewer than 3 times

Take fewer than 100 photos
x
0.76 View at least 3 times

0.90 View fewer than 3 times

Take at least 100 photos
View at least 3 times

A survey is undertaken to investigate how many photos people take on a one-week holiday and also
how many times they view past photos. For a randomly chosen person, the probability of taking
fewer than 100 photos is x. The probability that these people view past photos at least 3 times is 0.76.
For those who take at least 100 photos, the probability that they view past photos fewer than 3 times
is 0.90. This information is shown in the tree diagram. The probability that a randomly chosen person
views past photos fewer than 3 times is 0.801.

(i) Find x. [3]

(ii) Given that a person views past photos at least 3 times, find the probability that this person takes
at least 100 photos. [4]

Page 189
50. M/J 15/P63/Q2
When Joanna cooks, the probability that the meal is served on time is 15 . The probability that the
kitchen is left in a mess is 35 . The probability that the meal is not served on time and the kitchen is not
3
left in a mess is 10 . Some of this information is shown in the following table.

Kitchen left Kitchen not Total

in a mess left in a mess
Meal served on time 1
5
3
Meal not served on time 10

Total 1

(i) Copy and complete the table. [3]

(ii) Given that the kitchen is left in a mess, find the probability that the meal is not served on time.
[2]
51. O/N 14/P62/Q3
(i) Four fair six-sided dice, each with faces marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, are thrown. Find the probability
that the numbers shown on the four dice add up to 5. [3]

(ii) Four fair six-sided dice, each with faces marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, are thrown on 7 occasions. Find
the probability that the numbers shown on the four dice add up to 5 on exactly 1 or 2 of the 7
occasions. [4]
52. O/N 14/P61/Q3
Jodie tosses a biased coin and throws two fair tetrahedral dice. The probability that the coin shows a
head is 13 . Each of the dice has four faces, numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4. Jodie’s score is calculated from
the numbers on the faces that the dice land on, as follows:
• if the coin shows a head, the two numbers from the dice are added together;
• if the coin shows a tail, the two numbers from the dice are multiplied together.
Find the probability that the coin shows a head given that Jodie’s score is 8. [5]

53. M/J 14/P62/Q3

Roger and Andy play a tennis match in which the first person to win two sets wins the match. The
probability that Roger wins the first set is 0.6. For sets after the first, the probability that Roger wins
the set is 0.7 if he won the previous set, and is 0.25 if he lost the previous set. No set is drawn.

(i) Find the probability that there is a winner of the match after exactly two sets. [3]

(ii) Find the probability that Andy wins the match given that there is a winner of the match after
exactly two sets. [2]
54. M/J 14/P61/Q5
Playground equipment consists of swings (S), roundabouts (R), climbing frames (C) and play-houses
(P). The numbers of pieces of equipment in each of 3 playgrounds are as follows.

Playground X Playground Y Playground Z

3S, 2R, 4P 6S, 3R, 1C, 2P 8S, 3R, 4C, 1P

Each day Nur takes her child to one of the playgrounds. The probability that she chooses playground X
is 14 . The probability that she chooses playground Y is 41 . The probability that she chooses playground
Z is 21 . When she arrives at the playground, she chooses one piece of equipment at random.

(i) Find the probability that Nur chooses a play-house. [4]

(ii) Given that Nur chooses a climbing frame, find the probability that she chose playground Y . [4]

Page 190
55. M/J 14/P63/Q6
Tom and Ben play a game repeatedly. The probability that Tom wins any game is 0.3. Each game is
won by either Tom or Ben. Tom and Ben stop playing when one of them (to be called the champion)
has won two games.

(i) Find the probability that Ben becomes the champion after playing exactly 2 games. [1]

(ii) Find the probability that Ben becomes the champion. [3]

(iii) Given that Tom becomes the champion, find the probability that he won the 2nd game. [4]

56. O/N 13/P62/Q2

On Saturday afternoons Mohit goes shopping with probability 0.25, or goes to the cinema with
probability 0.35 or stays at home. If he goes shopping the probability that he spends more than $50
is 0.7. If he goes to the cinema the probability that he spends more than $50 is 0.8. If he stays at
home he spends $10 on a pizza.

(i) Find the probability that Mohit will go to the cinema and spend less than $50. [1]

(ii) Given that he spends less than $50, find the probability that he went to the cinema. [4]
57. O/N 13/P61/Q2
The people living in two towns, Mumbok and Bagville, are classified by age. The numbers in
thousands living in each town are shown in the table below.

Mumbok Bagville
Under 18 years 15 35
18 to 60 years 55 95
Over 60 years 20 30

One of the towns is chosen. The probability of choosing Mumbok is 0.6 and the probability of
choosing Bagville is 0.4. Then a person is chosen at random from that town. Given that the person
chosen is between 18 and 60 years old, find the probability that the town chosen was Mumbok. [5]

58. M/J 13/P61/Q7

Box A contains 8 white balls and 2 yellow balls. Box B contains 5 white balls and x yellow balls.
A ball is chosen at random from box A and placed in box B. A ball is then chosen at random from
box B. The tree diagram below shows the possibilities for the colours of the balls chosen.

Box A Box B
White
White
x Yellow
x+6

White
Yellow
Yellow

x
(i) Justify the probability on the tree diagram. [1]
x+6
(ii) Copy and complete the tree diagram. [4]

(iii) If the ball chosen from box A is white then the probability that the ball chosen from box B is
also white is 13 . Show that the value of x is 12. [2]

(iv) Given that the ball chosen from box B is yellow, find the conditional probability that the ball
chosen from box A was yellow. [4]
Page 191
 59. M/J 13/P63/Q1
Q is the event ‘Nicola throws two fair dice and gets a total of 5’. S is the event ‘Nicola throws two
fair dice and gets one low score (1, 2 or 3) and one high score (4, 5 or 6)’. Are events Q and S
independent? Justify your answer. [4]

60. M/J 13/P63/Q5

(a) John plays two games of squash. The probability that he wins his first game is 0.3. If he wins
his first game, the probability that he wins his second game is 0.6. If he loses his first game, the
probability that he wins his second game is 0.15. Given that he wins his second game, find the
probability that he won his first game. [4]

(b) Jack has a pack of 15 cards. 10 cards have a picture of a robot on them and 5 cards have a picture
of an aeroplane on them. Emma has a pack of cards. 7 cards have a picture of a robot on them
and x − 3 cards have a picture of an aeroplane on them. One card is taken at random from Jack’s
pack and one card is taken at random from Emma’s pack. The probability that both cards have
7
pictures of robots on them is 18 . Write down an equation in terms of x and hence find the value
of x. [4]

61. O/N 12/P62/Q1

Fabio drinks coffee each morning. He chooses Americano, Cappucino or Latte with probabilities 0.5,
0.3 and 0.2 respectively. If he chooses Americano he either drinks it immediately with probability 0.8,
or leaves it to drink later. If he chooses Cappucino he either drinks it immediately with probability
0.6, or leaves it to drink later. If he chooses Latte he either drinks it immediately with probability 0.1,
or leaves it to drink later.

(i) Find the probability that Fabio chooses Americano and leaves it to drink later. [1]

(ii) Fabio drinks his coffee immediately. Find the probability that he chose Latte. [4]

Page 192
62. O/N 12/P61/Q6
Ana meets her friends once every day. For each day the probability that she is early is 0.05 and the
probability that she is late is 0.75. Otherwise she is on time.

(i) Find the probability that she is on time on fewer than 20 of the next 96 days. [5]

(ii) If she is early there is a probability of 0.7 that she will eat a banana. If she is late she does not
eat a banana. If she is on time there is a probability of 0.4 that she will eat a banana. Given that
for one particular meeting with friends she does not eat a banana, find the probability that she is
on time. [4]

63. O/N 12/P63/Q3

Ronnie obtained data about the gross domestic product (GDP) and the birth rate for 170 countries.
He classified each GDP and each birth rate as either ‘low’, ‘medium’ or ‘high’. The table shows the
number of countries in each category.

Birth rate
Low Medium High
Low 3 5 45
GDP Medium 20 42 12
High 35 8 0

One of these countries is chosen at random.

(i) Find the probability that the country chosen has a medium GDP. [1]

(ii) Find the probability that the country chosen has a low birth rate, given that it does not have a
medium GDP. [2]

(iii) State with a reason whether or not the events ‘the country chosen has a high GDP’ and ‘the
country chosen has a high birth rate’ are exclusive. [2]

One country is chosen at random from those countries which have a medium GDP and then a different
country is chosen at random from those which have a medium birth rate.

(iv) Find the probability that both countries chosen have a medium GDP and a medium birth rate.
[3]
64. M/J 12/P62/Q6

A box of biscuits contains 30 biscuits, some of which are wrapped in gold foil and some of which are
unwrapped. Some of the biscuits are chocolate-covered. 12 biscuits are wrapped in gold foil, and of
these biscuits, 7 are chocolate-covered. There are 17 chocolate-covered biscuits in total.

(i) Copy and complete the table below to show the number of biscuits in each category. [2]

Wrapped in gold foil Unwrapped Total

Chocolate-covered
Not chocolate-covered
Total 30

A biscuit is selected at random from the box.

(ii) Find the probability that the biscuit is wrapped in gold foil. [1]

The biscuit is returned to the box. An unwrapped biscuit is then selected at random from the box.

(iii) Find the probability that the biscuit is chocolate-covered. [1]

Page 193
64. M/J 12/P62/Q6
The biscuit is returned to the box. A biscuit is then selected at random from the box.
(iv) Find the probability that the biscuit is unwrapped, given that it is chocolate-covered. [1]

The biscuit is returned to the box. Nasir then takes 4 biscuits without replacement from the box.
(v) Find the probability that he takes exactly 2 wrapped biscuits. [4]

65. M/J 12/P61/Q2

Maria has 3 pre-set stations on her radio. When she switches her radio on, there is a probability of
0.3 that it will be set to station 1, a probability of 0.45 that it will be set to station 2 and a probability
of 0.25 that it will be set to station 3. On station 1 the probability that the presenter is male is 0.1,
on station 2 the probability that the presenter is male is 0.85 and on station 3 the probability that the
presenter is male is p. When Maria switches on the radio, the probability that it is set to station 3 and
the presenter is male is 0.075.

(i) Show that the value of p is 0.3. [1]

(ii) Given that Maria switches on and hears a male presenter, find the probability that the radio was
set to station 2. [4]

66. M/J 12/P63/Q5

Suzanne has 20 pairs of shoes, some of which have designer labels. She has 6 pairs of high-heeled
shoes, of which 2 pairs have designer labels. She has 4 pairs of low-heeled shoes, of which 1 pair has
designer labels. The rest of her shoes are pairs of sports shoes. Suzanne has 8 pairs of shoes with
designer labels in total.

(i) Copy and complete the table below to show the number of pairs in each category. [2]

Designer labels No designer labels Total

High-heeled shoes
Low-heeled shoes
Sports shoes
Total 20

Suzanne chooses 1 pair of shoes at random to wear.

(ii) Find the probability that she wears the pair of low-heeled shoes with designer labels. [1]

(iii) Find the probability that she wears a pair of sports shoes. [1]

(iv) Find the probability that she wears a pair of high-heeled shoes, given that she wears a pair of
shoes with designer labels. [1]

(v) State with a reason whether the events ‘Suzanne wears a pair of shoes with designer labels’ and
‘Suzanne wears a pair of sports shoes’ are independent. [2]

Suzanne chooses 1 pair of shoes at random each day.

(vi) Find the probability that Suzanne wears a pair of shoes with designer labels on at most 4 days
out of the next 7 days. [3]

Page 194
67. O/N 11/P62/Q5(i,ii)
A triangular spinner has one red side, one blue side and one green side. The red side is weighted so
that the spinner is four times more likely to land on the red side than on the blue side. The green side
is weighted so that the spinner is three times more likely to land on the green side than on the blue
side.

(i) Show that the probability that the spinner lands on the blue side is 81 . [1]

(ii) The spinner is spun 3 times. Find the probability that it lands on a different coloured side each
time. [3]
68. O/N 11/P61/Q7

Bag A contains 4 balls numbered 2, 4, 5, 8. Bag B contains 5 balls numbered 1, 3, 6, 8, 8. Bag C

contains 7 balls numbered 2, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9. One ball is selected at random from each bag.

(i) Find the probability that exactly two of the selected balls have the same number. [5]

(ii) Given that exactly two of the selected balls have the same number, find the probability that they
are both numbered 2. [2]

(iii) Event X is ‘exactly two of the selected balls have the same number’. Event Y is ‘the ball selected
from bag A has number 2’. Showing your working, determine whether events X and Y are
independent or not. [2]
69. O/N 11/P63/Q2
In a group of 30 teenagers, 13 of the 18 males watch ‘Kops are Kids’ on television and 3 of the 12
females watch ‘Kops are Kids’.
(i) Find the probability that a person chosen at random from the group is either female or watches
‘Kops are Kids’ or both. [4]
(ii) Showing your working, determine whether the events ‘the person chosen is male’ and ‘the person
chosen watches Kops are Kids’ are independent or not. [2]
70. O/N 11/P63/Q3
A factory makes a large number of ropes with lengths either 3 m or 5 m. There are four times as many
ropes of length 3 m as there are ropes of length 5 m.

(i) One rope is chosen at random. Find the expectation and variance of its length. [4]

(ii) Two ropes are chosen at random. Find the probability that they have different lengths. [2]

(iii) Three ropes are chosen at random. Find the probability that their total length is 11 m. [3]

71. M/J 11/P61/Q1

Biscuits are sold in packets of 18. There is a constant probability that any biscuit is broken,
independently of other biscuits. The mean number of broken biscuits in a packet has been found to
be 2.7. Find the probability that a packet contains between 2 and 4 (inclusive) broken biscuits. [4]
72. M/J 11/P61/Q2

When Ted is looking for his pen, the probability that it is in his pencil case is 0.7. If his pen is in
his pencil case he always finds it. If his pen is somewhere else, the probability that he finds it is 0.2.
Given that Ted finds his pen when he is looking for it, find the probability that it was in his pencil
case. [4]
73. M/J 11/P61/Q7/b
A bag contains 5 green balls and 3 yellow balls. Ronnie and Julie play a game in which they
take turns to draw a ball from the bag at random without replacement. The winner of the game is
the first person to draw a yellow ball. Julie draws the first ball. Find the probability that Ronnie
wins the game. [4]

Page 195
74. M/J 11/P63/Q4

Tim throws a fair die twice and notes the number on each throw.

(i) Tim calculates his final score as follows. If the number on the second throw is a 5 he multiplies
the two numbers together, and if the number on the second throw is not a 5 he adds the two
numbers together. Find the probability that his final score is
(a) 12, [1]
(b) 5. [3]

(ii) Events A, B, C are defined as follows.

A: the number on the second throw is 5
B: the sum of the numbers is 6
C: the product of the numbers is even
By calculation find which pairs, if any, of the events A, B and C are independent. [5]

75. O/N 10/P62/Q3

A fair five-sided spinner has sides numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Raj spins the spinner and throws two fair
dice. He calculates his score as follows.
• If the spinner lands on an even-numbered side, Raj multiplies the two numbers showing on
the dice to get his score.
• If the spinner lands on an odd-numbered side, Raj adds the numbers showing on the dice to
get his score.
Given that Raj’s score is 12, find the probability that the spinner landed on an even-numbered side.
[6]
76. O/N 10/P61/Q5

Three friends, Rick, Brenda and Ali, go to a football match but forget to say which entrance to the
ground they will meet at. There are four entrances, A, B, C and D. Each friend chooses an entrance
independently.
• The probability that Rick chooses entrance A is 31 . The probabilities that he chooses entrances
B, C or D are all equal.
• Brenda is equally likely to choose any of the four entrances.
• The probability that Ali chooses entrance C is 72 and the probability that he chooses entrance D
is 35 . The probabilities that he chooses the other two entrances are equal.

(i) Find the probability that at least 2 friends will choose entrance B. [4]

(ii) Find the probability that the three friends will all choose the same entrance. [4]

77. M/J 10/P62/Q5

Two fair twelve-sided dice with sides marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 are thrown, and the
numbers on the sides which land face down are noted. Events Q and R are defined as follows.
Q : the product of the two numbers is 24.
R : both of the numbers are greater than 8.

(i) Find P(Q). [2]

(ii) Find P(R). [2]

(iii) Are events Q and R exclusive? Justify your answer. [2]

(iv) Are events Q and R independent? Justify your answer. [2]

Page 196
78. M/J 10/P62/Q7

Nine cards, each of a different colour, are to be arranged in a line.

(i) How many different arrangements of the 9 cards are possible? [1]

The 9 cards include a pink card and a green card.

(ii) How many different arrangements do not have the pink card next to the green card? [3]

Consider all possible choices of 3 cards from the 9 cards with the 3 cards being arranged in a line.

(iii) How many different arrangements in total of 3 cards are possible? [2]

(iv) How many of the arrangements of 3 cards in part (iii) contain the pink card? [2]

(v) How many of the arrangements of 3 cards in part (iii) do not have the pink card next to the green
card? [2]

79. M/J 10/P61/Q7

In a television quiz show Peter answers questions one after another, stopping as soon as a question is
answered wrongly.
• The probability that Peter gives the correct answer himself to any question is 0.7.
• The probability that Peter gives a wrong answer himself to any question is 0.1.
• The probability that Peter decides to ask for help for any question is 0.2.
On the first occasion that Peter decides to ask for help he asks the audience. The probability that
the audience gives the correct answer to any question is 0.95. This information is shown in the tree
diagram below.

Peter answers correctly

0.7

0.1 Peter answers wrongly

Audience answers correctly
0.95
0.2
Peter asks for help

0.05 Audience answers wrongly

(i) Show that the probability that the first question is answered correctly is 0.89. [1]

On the second occasion that Peter decides to ask for help he phones a friend. The probability that his
friend gives the correct answer to any question is 0.65.

(ii) Find the probability that the first two questions are both answered correctly. [6]

(iii) Given that the first two questions were both answered correctly, find the probability that Peter
asked the audience. [3]
80. M/J 10/P63/Q1
A bottle of sweets contains 13 red sweets, 13 blue sweets, 13 green sweets and 13 yellow sweets.
7 sweets are selected at random. Find the probability that exactly 3 of them are red. [3]

Page 197
Page 198
 1. M/J 22/P52/Q7 Unit-3 Probability May/June 2022

Question Answer Marks Guidance

1(a) 5 4 3 60 1 M1 Either 12  11  10 in denominator

YYY:    ,
12 11 10 1320 22 or a  (a –1)  ( a – 2), a = 5, 4, 3 in numerator seen in at least
one expression.
4 3 2 24 1
OOO:    , A1 a a 1 a  2
12 11 10 1320 55 One expression   , a = 5, 4, 3 (consistent in
12 11 10
3 2 1 6 1 expression).
RRR:    , Correct order of values in the numerator is essential.
12 11 10 1320 220
M1 5 4 3 4 3 2 3 2 1
        , either d = 11, e = 10 or
12 d e 12 d e 12 d e
d = 12, e = 12.
1 1 1
Condone   OE
22 55 220

90 3 A1 0.06818. Dependent only upon the second M mark.

[Total =] , , 0.0682
1320 44

1(b) 60 90 M1 60 1
[P(YYY | all same colour) =]  their P  YYY  or or
1320 1320 1320 22
90 3
their 7  a  or or
1320 44

2 A1 OE
, 0.667
3

Page 199
 9709/51 2. M/J 22/P51/Q6 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022

Question Answer Marks Guidance

2(a) 0.6  0.4  0.3  0.72 or 1 – 0.4 x 0.7 = 0.72 B1 Clear identified calculation AG

2(b) 0.72   0.4  0.6  0.2  M1 0.72  u, 0 < u < 1

M1 v  (0.4 + 0.6  0.2), or

v  (1 – 0.6  0.8) 0 < v ⩽ 1 no additional terms
SC B1 for 0.72  (0.4 + 0.12) or 0.72  (1 – 0.48)

0.3744 A1 WWW. Condone 0.374. SC B1 for 0.3744 only

2(c) P (fails first or second level  finishes game) M1 Either 0.6  0.6  0.2 or 0.4  0.3  0.4 seen
P (fails first or second level | finishes game) 
their (b) Condone 0.072 or 0.048 if seen in (b)

A1 Both correct accept unsimplified expression.

Numerator = P(S SF) + P(FS S) = 0.6  0.6  0.2 + 0.4  0.3  0.4 = 0.072 + 0.048 = 0.12 No additional terms
0.12 M1 Their sum of two 3-term probabilities as numerator
Required probability =
their(b) their (b) or correct

25 A1 0.3205 < p ⩽ 0.321

0.321 or
78

Page 200
9709/53 3. M/J 22/P53/Q6 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022

Question Answer Marks Guidance

3(a) 1st 2nd 3rd B1 First and second jumps correct with probabilities
and outcomes identified.
0.3 S
0.3 S B1 Third jump correct with probabilities and outcomes
0.7 F identified.
S 0.1 S
0.2 0.7
F F
0.9
0.3 S
0.8 0.1 S
0.7
F F
0.9 0.1 S
F
0.9 F

3(b) SFF 0.2  0.7  0.9  0.126 M1 Two or three correct 3 factor probabilities added,
FSF 0.8  0.1 0.7  0.056 correct or FT from part 6(a). Accept unsimplified.
FFS 0.8  0.9  0.1 0.072

 127  A1 Accept unsimplified.

[Total = probability of 1 success =] 0.254  
 500 

 44  B1 FT Accept unsimplified.
[Probability of at least 1 success = 1− 0.8  0.9  0.9 ]0.352  
 125 

their 0.254 M1 Accept unsimplified.

P(exactly 1 success | at least 1 success)=
their 0.352

127 A1 0.7215 < p ⩽ 0.722

0.722,
176

Page 201
9709/53 3. M/J 22/P53/Q6 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022

Question Answer Marks Guidance

3(c) 0.8  0.9  0.9  0.1 0.3  0.3  0.005832 [FFFSSS] M1 a × b × c × d × e × f FT from their tree diagram.
0.2  0.3  0.3  0.7  0.9  0.9  0.010206 [SSSFFF] Either a, b and c all = 0.8 or 0.9 (at least one of
each) and d, e and f all = 0.1 or 0.3 (at least one of
each).
Or a, b, c = 0.2 or 0.3 (at least one of each) and d,
e, f = 0.7 or 0.9 (at least one of each).

A1 Either correct. Accept unsimplified.

[Total =] 0.0160[38] A1

4. O/N 21/P52/Q1

4(a) 82 41 B1
, , 0.456
180 90

4(b) 11 M1 P ( M ∩ D)
 P(M ∩ D) 0.6011 Their identified
 P ( M|D ) =
180
 = 20 11 or P ( D)
 P ( ) 
D + 0.1722
11
180 180 or from data table , accept unsimplified, condone × 180.
20 + 11

11 A1 Final answer.
, 0.355
31

Page 202
5. O/N 21/P51/Q3

Question Answer Marks Guidance

5  P (T ∩ B′ )  M1 0.45 × a + 0.35 × b + 0.2 [×1] , a = 0.7,0.3 b = 0.4,0.6 , seen

 P ( T |B ′ ) = 
 P ( B ′ )  anywhere.
P ( B′ ) = 0.45 × 0.7 + 0.35 × 0.4 + 0.2 × 1 A1 Correct, accept unsimplified.
 131 
 = 0.655, 200 
 

7 M1 Seen as numerator or denominator of a fraction.

P (T ∩ B ') = 0.35 × 0.4 [= 0.14, ]
50

their 0.14 M1 Values substituted into conditional probability formula

P (T | B ') = correctly. Accept unsimplified.
their 0.655
Denominator sum of 3 two-factor probabilities (condone
omission of 1 from final factor).
If clearly identified, condone from incomplete
denominator.

28 A1 If 0 marks awarded, SC B1 0.214 WWW.

0.214,
131 5
6. O/N 21/P53/Q7

6(a) x +1 9 x 10 B1 One probability correct in correct position.

Probabilities: , , ,
x + 10 x + 10 x + 10 x + 10

B1 Another probability correct in correct position.

B1 Other two probabilities correct in correct positions.

6(b) 4 10 M1 Method consistent with their tree diagram.

× their
10 x + 10

4 A1 AG
x + 10

Page 203
6. O/N 21/P53/Q7

6(c) 4 1 B1 Find value of x. Can be implied by correct probabilities in

= calculation.
x + 10 6
x + 10 = 24, x = 14

P(ARed|BRed) = P(ARed ∩ BRed) ÷ P(BRed) B1 FT 6 x +1

× their as numerator or denominator of
10 x + 10
6 x +1 6 15 3 fraction.
× their ×
10 x + 10 = 10 24 = 8
6 x +1 4 x 6 15 4 14 73 M1 6 x +1 4 x
× their + × their × + × × their + × their seen anywhere.
10 x + 10 10 x + 10 10 24 10 24 120 10 x + 10 10 x + 10

A1 FT Seen as denominator of fraction.

45 A1 If B0 M0:
, 0.616[4…]
73 3
0.375 45
SC B1 for 8 or SC B1 or 0.616.
73 0.6083 73
120

7. M/J 21/P52/Q3

7(a) P(not late) = 0.4 × 0.45 + 0.35 × 0.3 + 0.25 × (1 – x) M1 0.4 × p + 0.35 × q + 0.25 × r ,
or p = 0.45, 0.55, q = 0.3, 0.7 and r = (1 – x), x
P(late) = 0.4 × 0.55 + 0.35 × 0.7 + 0.25x

0.18 + 0.105 + 0.25 (1 – x) = 0.48 A1 Linear equation formed using sum of 3 probabilities and 0.48 or
or 0.52 as appropriate.
0.22 + 0.245 + 0.25x = 0.52 Accept unsimplified.

x = 0.22 A1 Final answer

Page 204
7. M/J 21/P52/Q3

7(b)  P ( train ∩ late )  B1 0.35 × 0.7 or 0.245 seen as numerator of fraction

 P ( train late ) = 
 P ( late )  M1 P(late) seen as a denominator with their probability as numerator
0.35 × 0.7 0.35 × 0.7 their p their p
= or (Accept or )
1 − 0.48 0.4 × 0.55 + 0.35 × 0.7 + 0.25 × their 0.22 0.52 0.22 + 0.245 + 0.25 × their 0.22

49 A1
= 0.471 or
104

8(a) 8. M/J 21/P51/Q4 B1 Fully correct labelled tree diagram for each pair of
branches clearly identifying written and practical, pass
and fail for each intersection (no additional branches)

B1 ‘One written test’ branch all probabilities (or %) correct

B1 ‘Two written tests’ branch all probabilities (or %)

correct, condone additional branches after W2F with
probabilities 1 for PF and 0 for PP

8(b) [P(W1P) × P(PP) + P(W1F) × P(W2P) × P(PP)] M1 Consistent with their tree diagram or correct
0.8 × 0.3 + 0.2 × 0.6 × 0.3

69 A1
0.276 or
250

8(c) P (W 1 ∩ Practical ) 0.8 × 0.3  0.24  M1 Correct expression or FT their (b)

P (W 1 P ) = = =
P ( getting place ) their ( b )  0.276 

20 A1
or 0.87[0]
23

Page 205 2
9709/53 9. M/J 21/P53/Q7(a) Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021

Question Answer Marks Guidance

9(a)(i) 40 1 B1
or or 0.05
800 20

9(a)(ii) 177 M1 Their 223 + 177 + 40 seen as denominator of fraction

223 + 177 + 40 in the final answer, accept unsimplified

177 A1 CAO
or 0.402
440

10(a) B1 All probabilities correct, may be on branch or next to

‘Fine/Rainy’
Ignore additional branches.
Fine
0.75
0.8 Fine

0.25
Rainy

0.4 Fine
0.2 Rainy

0.6 Rainy

10(b) 0·8 × 0·75 + 0·2 × 0·4 (= 0·6 + 0·08) M1 Correct or FT from their diagram unsimplified, all probabilities
0 < p < 1.
Partial evaluation only sufficient when correct.
Accept working in 4(b) or by the tree diagram.

17 A1 From supporting working

0.68,
25 2
Page 206
9709/52 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020

Question Answer Marks Guidance

10(c) 0·8 × 0·75 × 0·25 + 0·8 × 0·25 × 0·6 M1 a × b × c + a × 1-b × d, 0 < c, d ⩽ 1,

a, b consistent with their tree diagram or correct, no additional
terms

0·15 + 0·12 A1 At least one term correct, accept unsimplified

0.27 A1 Final answer

3
10(d) P(Y) = their (c) + 0·2 × 0·4 × 0·25 + 0·2 × 0·6 × 0·6 B1 FT their (c) + e × f × g + e × (1-f) × h, 0 < g, h ⩽ 1, e, f consistent
(= 0·362) with their tree diagram, or correct

their ( c ) 0.27 M1 their 4(c) (or correct)/their previously calculated and identified
P(X|Y) = = P(Y) or a denominator involving 3 or 4 3-factor probability
their P ( Y ) 0.362
terms consistent with their tree diagram & third factor 0 < p < 1

373 135 A1 (0.7458…)

0·746, or
500 181

Page 207
9709/51 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020

Question Answer Marks Guidance

11(a) M1 Complete outcome space or

Red
or listing A and B outcomes
or listing A∩B outcomes
1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Blue

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

5 A1 With evidence
P(A∩B) =
36 2
11(b) 1 10 M1 1 10
P(A) × P(B) = × Their × their seen
3 36 3 36

5 5 A1 5 5
≠ so not independent , , P(A) × P(B) and P(A∩B) seen in workings and correct
54 36 54 36
conclusion stated
5
Condone being stated in (a)
36

Page 208
9709/51 Cambridge International A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020

Question 12. O/N 20/P51/Q2 Answer Marks Guidance

12(a) 0·6 × 0·7 + 0·4(1 – x) = 0·58 M1 Equation of form 0·6 × a + 0·4 × b = 0·58;
≡ 0·42 + 0·4(1 – x) = 0·58 a = 0·3, 0·7, b = x, (1 – x)

B1 Single correct product seen, condone 0·42, in an equation of

appropriate form

x = 0·6 A1

Alternative method for question 2(a)

0·6 × 0·3 + 0·4x = 0·42 M1 Equation of form 0·6 x a + 0·4 x b = 0·42;

≡ 0·18 + 0·4x = 0·42 a = 0·3, 0·7, b = x, (1 – x)

B1 Single correct product seen, condone 0·18, in an equation of

appropriate form

x = 0·6 A1

12(b) ( 0.6 × 0.3)2 M1 (a × b)2, a = 0·6, 0·4 and b = 0·7, 0·3, x, (1–x)
or 0·182, alone.

0.0324 A1 2

13. M/J 20/P52/Q2

13(a) 56 14 B1
or or 0.112
500 125

13(b) P ( D ∩ S) 120 M1
P ( D | S) = =
P ( S) 280

120 3 A1
or
280 7

2
Page 209
13. M/J 20/P52/Q2

13(c) 220 M1
P(hockey) = = 0.44
500
242
P(Amos or Benn) = = 0.484
500
104
P(hockey ∩ A or B) = = 0.208
500
P(H) × P(A U B) = P(H ∩ (A U B)) if independent

220 242 1331 A1

× = so not independent
500 500 6250

14(a) 14. M/J 20/P51/Q5

Fully correct labelled tree for method of transport with correct probabilities. B1

Fully correct labelled branches with correct probabilities for lateness with either 1 branch after W or 2 branches with the prob 0 B1

5(b) 0.35 × 0.3 + 0.44 × 0.8 (+ 0) M1

0.457 A1

2
Page 210
14. M/J 20/P51/Q5

14(c) P ( B'∩ F') M1

P(not B|not fruit) =
P ( F')

0.35 × 0.7 + 0.21 × 1 M1

1 − their ( b )

0.455 M1
0.543
(M1 for 1 – their (b) or summing three appropriate 2-factor probabilities, correct or consistent with their tree diagram as
denominator)

455 A1
0.838 or
543

15. M/J 20/P53/Q1

1(a)

Fully correct labelled tree for method of transport with correct probabilities. B1

Fully correct labelled branches with correct probabilities for lateness with either 1 branch after W or 2 branches with the B1
probability 0.

Page 211
15. M/J 20/P53/Q1

15(b) P (C ∩ E) 0.2 × 0.6 M1

P(C|E) = =
P(E) 0.2 × 0.6 + 0.45 × 0.1 + 0.35 × 1

Summing three appropriate 2-factor probabilities M1

0.12 A1
0.515

12 A1
0.233 or
515 4

16. MAR 20/P52/Q6

16(a) Box A Box B B1 Both correct probs, box A

Red B1 2 probs correct for box B

d
B1 All correct probs for box B

Red

Blue
Red

Blue

Blue

16(b) 7 5 1 9 M1 Two 2 factor terms added, correct or FT their 6(a).

× + ×
8 15 8 15

44  11  A1 OE
=  or 0.367 
120  30 

2
Page 212
 16. MAR 20/P52/Q6

16(c) P ( A blue ∩ B blue ) M1 1 6

P(A blue |B blue) = their × seen as numerator or denom of fraction
P ( B blue ) 8 15
1 6 1
×
= 8 15 = 20
7 5 1 6 41
× + ×
8 15 8 15 120

M1 7 5 1 6
their × + × seen
8 15 8 15

M1 7 5 1 6
their × + × seen as denominator
8 15 8 15

6 A1
= or 0.146
41

17. O/N 19/P62/Q2

17(i) 0.4x + 0.6 × 2x = 0.36 or 0.4(1 − x) + 0.6(1 − 2x) = 0.64 M1 0.4a + (1 – 0.4)b = 0.36 or 0.64, a,b terms involving x

1.6x = 0.36 A1 Fully justified by algebra

x = 0.225 AG

17(ii) P( H L') = M1 Correct numerical numerator of a fraction. Allow unsimplified.

0.4 (1 − x ) 0.4 × (1 − 0.225 ) 0.4 × 0.775
= =
1 − 0.36 0.64 0.4 × 0.775 + 0.6 × 0.55

M1 Denominator 0.36 or 0.64. Allow unsimplified.

31 A1
or 0.484
64

Page 213
18. O/N 19/P61/Q1

18 0.8 × 0.6 + 0.2 (1 − x ) = 0.63 M1 Equation of form 0.8 × A + 0.2 × B = C, A,B involving 1 – x and
0.6 or 0.4 and C = 0.63 or 0.37

0.2 x = 0.05 M1 Correct unsimplified equation

x = 0.25 A1

Alternative method for question 1

0.8 × 0.4 + 0.2 x = 1 − 0.63 M1 Equation of form 0.8 × A + 0.2 × B = C, A,B involving x and 0.6
or 0.4 and C = 0.63 or 0.37

0.2 x = 0.05 M1 Correct unsimplified equation

x = 0.25 A1

19. O/N 19/P63/Q1

19(i) 120 B1 OE
= 0.4
300

19(ii) 160 225  8 3  2 M1 P(M) × P(P ' ) seen

P(male) × P(not piano) = ×  × = Can be unsimplified but the events must be named in a
300 300  15 4  5
product

120 2 A1 Numerical comparison and correct conclusion

As P(male ∩ not piano) also = =
300 5

The events are Independent

Page 214
9709/62 20. M/J 19/P62/Q1 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

20 1 B1
P(S) =
2

16  4  B1
P(T) =  
36  9 

10  5  M1 P(S ∩ T) found by multiplication scores M0

P(S ∩ T) =   M1 awarded if their value is identifiable in their sample space diagram or
36  18 
Venn diagram or list of terms or probability distribution table (oe)

P(S) P(T) ≠ P(S ∩ T) so not independent A1 8/36, 10/36 P(S) × P(T) and P(S ∩ T) seen in workings and correct
conclusion stated, www

Alternative method for question 1

1 B1
P(S) =
2

16  4  B1
P(T) =  
36  9 

10  5  M1 P(S ∩ T) found by multiplication scores M0

P(S ∩ T) =   M1 awarded if their value is identifiable in their sample space diagram or
36  18 
Venn diagram or list of terms or probability distribution table (oe)

10 10 A1 Either 18/36, 10/16,P(S) and P(S |T) seen in workings and correct
P(S | T) = or P(T | S) = conclusion stated, www
16 18
Or 16/36, 10/18, P(T) and P(T | S) seen in workings and correct
P(S | T) ≠ P(S) or P(T | S) ≠ P(T) so not independent conclusion stated, www

Page 215
9709/62 21. M/J 19/P62/Q5 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

21(i) T B1 First pair of branches labels and probs correct (6/7 and 1/7 or rounding to
5/9 0.857 and 0.143)

T (Labelling must be logically…e.g. (T and T) or (T and Not T) would be

acceptable)
6/7 4/9
C B1 Either of second top pair or bottom of branches labels and probs correct

T
1/7 6/9
C

3/9 B1 Both second pairs of branches labels and probs correct. No additional /
C further branches.

21(ii) B1 P(1) correct

No of toffees
0 1 2
taken (T) B1 P(0) or P(2) correct
3 30 30 B1 FT Correct values in table, any additional values of T have stated
, , ,
prob 63 63 63 probability of zero. For FT Σp = 1,
0.0476(2) 0.476(2) 0.476(2)

21(iii) 90 10 B1 Not FT
E(X) = ( ) (1.43)
63 7

Page 216
 9709/62 21. M/J 19/P62/Q5 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

21(iv) 1 6 6 B1 P(C ∩ T) attempt seen as numerator of a fraction, consistent with their tree
P (C ∩ T ) × diagram or correct
P(1st C | 2nd T) = = 7 9 = 63
P(T ) 1 6 6 5 36
× + × M1 Summing 2 appropriate two-factor probabilities, consistent with their tree
7 9 7 9 63
diagram or correct seen anywhere

A1 36
oe or correct unsimplifed expression seen as numerator or
63
denominator of a fraction

1 A1 Final answer
oe
6

22. M/J 19/P61/Q2

Question Answer Marks Guidance

22 5 x M1 Their 2 probabilities for P(plum) multiplied and equated to 1/4

Jameel: P(plum) = , Rosa: P(plum) =
8 x+6
A1 Correct equation oe
5 x 1
× =
8 x+6 4

(x =) 4 A1 SC correct answer with no appropriate equations i.e. common sense

B1

Page 217
23. M/J 19/P61/Q3

23 3  1  B1
P(X) =  oe 
36  12 

12  1  B1
P(Y) =  oe 
36  3 

1 M1 Independent method to find P(X∩Y) without multiplication, either

P(X∩Y) = stated or by listing or circling numbers on a probability space
36
diagram. OR condititional prob with a single fraction numerator

P(X) × P(Y) = P(X∩Y), independent A1 Numerical comparison and conclusion, www

9709/63 24. M/J 19/P63/Q2 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

24(i) B1 Fully correct labelled tree with correct probabilities for ‘Send’

B1 Fully correct labelled branches with correct probabilities for the

‘reply’

Page 218
9709/63 24. M/J 19/P63/Q2 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

24(ii) P ( email ∩ NR ) 0.2 × 0.85 M1 P(email) × P(NR) seen as numerator of a fraction, consistent with
P (email NR) = = their tree diagram
P ( NR ) 0.3 × 0.6 + 0.2 × 0.85 + 0.5 × 0.4

0.17 0.17 M1 Summing three appropriate 2-factor probabilities, consistent with

= = their tree diagram, seen anywhere
0.18 + 0.17 + 0.2 0.55
0.55 oe (can be unsimplified) seen as denom of a fraction

17 A1
= 0.309,
55

A1 Correct answer

25. MAR 19/P62/Q1

25(i) 0.6 × 0.2 + 0.4 × 0.32 M1 Addition of 2 two-factor terms 0.6 × a + 0.4 × b

31 A1 CAO
= 0.248,
125

25(ii) Method 1

0.4 × 0.68 B1 Correct [unsimplified] numerator seen in fraction

P(GS|Not Red socks) =
1 − (i)

M1 1 – their (i) as denominator in fraction

17 A1
= 0.362,
47

Method 2

0.4 × 0.68 B1 Correct [unsimplified] numerator seen in fraction

P(GS|Not Red socks) =
0.6 × 0.8 + 0.4 × 0.68

M1 Correct or (their (i))’ as denominator in fraction

Page 219
9709/62 26. O/N 18/P62/Q3 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018
Question Answer Marks Guidance

26(i) Method 1

P(3) + P(4) + P(5) = 5C3 0.753 × 0.252 + M1 One binomial term 5Cxpx(1 – p)5-x , x ≠ 0 or 5, any p

5
C4 0.754 × 0.251 + 5C5 0.755 × 0.250 M1 Correct unsimplified expression

= 0.26367 + 0.39551 + 0.23730 A1 Correct final answer, allow 0.8965 (isw) but not 0.897 alone
= 0.896 (459/512)

Method 2

1 – P(0) − P(1) – P(2) = 1− 5C0 0.750 × 0.255 M1 One binomial term 5Cxpx(1 – p)5-x , x ≠ 0 or 5, any p

− 5C1 0.751 × 0.254 − 5C2 0.752 × 0.253 M1 Correct simplified expression

= 1 – 0.00097656 – 0.014648 – 0.087891 A1 Correct final answer, allow 0.8965 (isw) but not 0.897 alone
= 0.896 (459/512)

26(ii) Method 1

P(C,C) + P(C,C′) + P(C′,C) B1 Unsimplified prob completed on both days

0.8 × 0.9

0.8 × 0.1 + 0.2 × 0.6 M1 Unsimplified prob 0.8 × a + 0.2 × b, a = 0.1or 0.4, b = 0.6 or 0.9

= 0.92 oe A1 Correct final answer

Method 2

1 – P(C′,C′) = 1 – 0.2 × 0.4 B1 Unsimplified prob completed on no days

M1 1 – 0.2 × a, a=0.1or 0.4 allow unsimplified

= 0.92 A1 Correct final answer

Page 220
27. O/N 18/P61/Q7

27(i) 52/160 = 13/40, 0.325 B1 oe

(ii) P(boy) = 96/160: P(Music) = 52/160 M1 Use of P(B) × P(M) = P(B∩M), appropriate probabilities used
P(boy and Music) = 40/160

96/160 × 52/160 ≠ 40/160: Not independent A1 Numerical comparison and conclusion stated

(iii) Method 1

P(not Music/girl) = P(not Music and girl)/P(girl) M1 Appropriate probabilities in a fraction

(27/160) / (64/160)

27 A1 Correct answer www implies method

=
64

Method 2

Direct from table M1 27/a or b/64, a ≠ 160

27 A1 Correct answer www implies method

64

(iv) P(B M) × P(B NM) × P(G NM) or P(G M) × P(B NM) ×P(B NM) M1 One scenario identified with 3 probs multiplied

40/160 × 56/159 × 52/158 or 12/160 × 56/159 × 55/158 A1 One scenario correct (ignore multiplying factor)

× 3! × 3!/2! B1 Both multiplying factors correct

0.17387 0.02759 M1 Both cases attempted and added (multiplying factor not required),
P = 0.17387 + 0.02759 accept unsimplified

= 0.201 A1 Correct answer, oe

1 1 1
Note: If score in this part is 0, award SCB1 for × × ×k ,
160 159 158
for positive integer k, seen

Page 221
27. O/N 18/P61/Q7

27(iv) Method 2

 40   56   52  12   56  M1 One scenario identified with 2 or 3 combination multiplied

 × ×  +  × 
1 1 1 1 2
160 
 
 3 

A1 One scenario correct

B1 Denominator correct

116480 + 18480 M1 Both scenarios attempted, and added, seen as a numerator of a

669920 fraction

1687 A1 Correct answer, oe

8374

28. O/N 18/P63/Q3

28(i) B1 Fully correct labelled tree and correct probabilities for ‘First Ball’

B1 2 Correct probabilities (with corresponding labels) for ‘Second Ball’

Page 222
9709/63 28. O/N 18/P63/Q3 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018

Question Answer Marks Guidance

28(ii) P(RR) + P(BB) = 3/8 × 2/8 + 5/8 × 4/8 = 3/32 + 5/16 M1 Correct unsimplified expression from their tree diagram, Σp = 1 on
each branch

= 13/32 (0.406) A1 Correct answer

28(iii) P(RB) = 3 / 8 × 5 / 8 = 15/64 M1 P (1st ball red ) ×P ( 2nd ball blue ) from their tree diagram seen
unsimplified as numerator or denominator of a fraction
Allow Σp ≠ 1 on each branch

P(B) = 3/8 × 5/8 + 5/8 × 4/8 = 35/64 M1 Correct unsimplified expression for P(B) from their tree diagram
seen as denominator of a fraction. Allow Σp ≠ 1 on each branch

P(R|B) = P(RB) / P(B) = (15/64) ÷ (35/64) = 3/7 (0.429) A1 Correct answer

3
29. O/N 17/P62/Q4

29(i) 1 4 1 2 M1 Multiplying their 2H expression by ¼ [P(4)]

P(4, 2H) = × C2×( )2( )2
4 3 3
M1 1 2 4
Remaining factor is ( )2( )2 [or ] multiplied by integer value
3 3 81
k ⩾ 1 OE

2 A1
= (0.0741)
27

29(ii) 1 1 1 B1
P(3, 3H) = × ( )3 = (0.00926)
4 3 108

Page 223
29. O/N 17/P62/Q4

Question Answer Marks Guidance

29(iii) 1 1 1 M1 Correct expression for 1 of P(1, 1H), P(2, 2H), P(4, 4H)
P(1, 1H) = × = (0.08333) Unsimplified (or better)
4 3 12
1 1 1
P(2, 2H) = × ( )2 = (0.02778) M1 Summing their values for 3 or 4 appropriate outcomes for the ‘game’
4 3 36 with no additional outcomes.
1 1 1
P(3, 3H) = × ( )3 = (0.009259)
4 3 108
1 1 1
P(4, 4H) = × ( )4 = (0.003086)
4 3 324

10 A1
Prob = (0.123)
81

3
30. O/N 17/P61/Q3

Question Answer Marks Guidance

30(i) p = 0.207 B1

30(ii) Var = 30 × 0.207 × 0.793 = 4.92 B1

30(iii) P(⩾ 2) = 1 – P(0, 1) M1

 15  M1 1 – P(0, 1) seen n =15 p = any prob

= 1 – (0.793)15 –   (0.207)(0.793)14
1

= 0.848 A1

Page 224
9709/61 31. O/N 17/P61/Q5 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November
2017
Question Answer Marks Guidance

31(i) GNS B1 Must see at least 4 probs correct including one with an x in, correct shape
x
B1 Shape, clear labels/annotation and all probs correct
E
0.82 1–x Not GNS

GNS
0.9
0.18
F
0.1
Not GNS

31(ii) 0.82
x + 0.18 × 0.9 = 0.285 M1 Eqn with x in , two 2-factors on one side

x = 0.15 A1

31(iii) P ( E ∩ notGNS) M1 Attempt at P(E∩not GNS) seen as num or denom of fraction

P( E | notGNS ) =
P ( notGNS)
M1 Attempt at P(not GNS) seen anywhere

0.82 × 0.85 A1 Correct answer

= = 0.975
1 − 0.285

Page 225
Question 32. O/N 17/P63/Q3 Answer Marks Guidance

32(i) Pass M1 Correct shape

0.85
Pass A1 All correct labels and probabilities
0.65
0.15
Fail

0.35
Fail 2

32(ii) P( F ∩ P) M1 P(P) consistent with their tree diagram seen anywhere

P(F│P) =
P( P)

0.15 × 0.65 0.15 × 0.65 A1 Correct unsimplified P(P) seen as num or denom of a fraction
= or
0.85 + 0.15 × 0.65 1 − 0.15 × 0.35

0.0975 M1 P(F ∩ P) found as correct product or consistent with their tree diagram
=
0.9475 seen as num or denom of a fraction

39 A1
= = 0.103
379 4

33. M/J 17/P62/Q4

33 P(score is 6) = P(3, 3) M1 Realising that score 6 is only P(3, 3)

= r 2 = 1/36 A1 Correct ans

r = 1/6 [SR B2 r = 1/6 without workings]

P(2, 3) + P(3, 2) = 1/9 M1 Eqn involving qr (OE) equated to 1/9 (r may be replaced by
qr +rq = 1/9 their ‘r value’)

q/6 + q/6 = 1/9 M1 Correct equation with their ‘r value’ substituted

q = 1/3 A1 Correct answer seen, does not imply previous M’s

p = 1 – 1/6 – 1/3 = 1/2 B1 FT FT their p + their r + their q =1 , 0 < p < 1

Total: 6

Page 226
34. M/J 17/P62/Q7
34(i) P(H) = P(BH) + P(SH) = 0.6×0.05 + 0.4×0.75 M1 Summing two 2-factor probs using 0.6 with 0.05 or 0.95, and
0.4 with 0.75 or 0.25

33 A1 Correct final answer accept 0.33

= 0.330 or
100

Total: 2

(ii) P ( S ∩ H ) 0.4 × 0.75 0.3 M1 FT P(S ∩ H )

P (S H ) = = = Their unsimplified, FT from (i)
P( H ) 0.33 0.33 P( H )

10 A1
= or 0.909
11

Total: 2

(iii) Var (B) = 45×0.6×0.4 B1 One variance stated unsimplified

Var (S)= 45×0.4×0.6

Variances same B1 Second variance stated unsimplified

and at least one variance clearly identified,
and both evaluated or showing equal or conclusion made

SR B1 – Standard Deviation calculated

Fulfil all the criteria for the variance method but calculated to
Standard Deviation

Total: 2

35. M/J 17/P61/Q2 36. M/J 17/P61/Q3(i)

Page 227
9709/61 35. M/J 17/P61/Q2 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2017

Question Answer Marks Guidance

35 P( R) = 4/36 = 1/9 M1 Attempt at P(R) by probability space diag or listing

more than half the options, must see a prob, just a list
is not enough

P (T ) = P ( O, E ) + P ( E, O ) = 1 / 4 + 1 / 4 = 1/ 2 OR P ( R | T ) = 1/ 9 M1 Attempt at P(T) or P(R|T) involving more than half the

options

P ( R I T ) = P ( 3, 4 ) + P ( 4, 3) = 2 / 36 = 1/ 18 OR P ( R | T ) = 1/ 9 B1 Value stated, not from P(R) × P(T) e.g. from

probability space diagram

As P ( R ) × P (T ) = P ( R I T ) OR as P ( R | T ) = P ( R ) M1 Comparing product values with P ( R I T ) , or

comparing P (R|T) with P(R)

The events are independent. A1 Correct conclusion must have all probs correct

Total: 5

36 36. M/J 17/P61/Q3(i) W M1 Correct shape i.e. 3 branches then 3 by 3 branches,

labelled and clear annotation
7/10 Condone omission of lines for first match result
providing the probabilities are there.
W 2/10 D
3/5 1/10 L
1/3 W

1/5 D 1/3 D
1/3 L
1/5 3/10 W
L
1/20 D
13/20
L
A1 All correct probs with fully correct shape and probs
Total: 2 either fractions or decimals not 1.5/5 etc.

Page 228
37. M/J 17/P63/Q1 9709/63 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2017

Question Answer Marks Guidance

37 P(6) = 0.3 B1 SOI

P(sum is 9) = P(3, 6) + P(4, 5) + P(5, 4) + P(6, 3) M1 Identifying the four ways of summing to 9 (3,6), (6,3) (4,5) and
(5,4)

= (0.03 + 0.02) × 2 M1 Mult 2 probs together to find one correct prob of (3,6), (6,3)
(4,5) or (5,4) unsimplified

= 0.1 A1 OE

38. M/J 17/P63/Q3 Total: 4

38(i) P(S) = 0.65 × 0.6 + 0.35 × 0.75 M1 Summing two 2-factor probs or 1 – (sum of two 2-factor probs)

= 0.653 (261/400) A1

Total: 2

(ii) P( Std ∩ L) 0.35 × 0.25 M1 ‘P(Std)’ × ‘P(L/Std)’as num of a fraction. Could be from tree
P ( Std L ) = = = 0.0875/0.3475 diagram in 3(i).
P( L) 1 − 0.6525
M1 Denominator (1 - their (i)) or their (i)
or 0.65 × 0.4(or 0.6) + 0.35 × 0.25(or 0.75) = 0.26+0.0875
or P(L) from their tree diagram

= 0.252 (35/139) A1

Total: 3

Page 229
 39. O/N 16/P62/Q1
Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2016 9709 62

39. P (C ∩ L )
P(C given L) = M1 P(C∩L) seen as num or denom of a fraction
P ( L)
0.65 × 0.1
=
0.65 × 0.1 + 0.3 × 0.15 + 0.05 × 0.6 A1 Correct unsimplified P(C∩L) as numerator

M1 Summing three 2-factor products seen anywhere

0.065
=
0.14 A1 0.14 (unsimplified) seen as num or denom of a
fraction
13
= 0.464, A1 [5] oe
28

40. O/N 16/P61/Q3

(i) 0.9 × 0.95 × 0.85 × 0.1= 0.0727 B1 [1]

(ii) P(0, 1, 2) M1 Bin term 12Cx (p)x(1 – p)12 – x p

< 1, x ≠ 0
= (0.9)12 + 12C1 (0.1)(0.9)11 + 12C2 (0.1)2(0.9)10 M1 Bin expression p = 0.1 or 0.9, n
= 12, 2 or 3 terms
= 0.889 A1 [3]

(iii) X ~ B(50, 0.85) M1 50 × 0.85 seen oe can be

implied
Expectation = 50 × 0.85 (= 42.5) Correct unsimplified mean and
Var = 50 × 0.85 × 0.15 (= 6.375) A1 [2] var

41. O/N 16/P63/Q4

Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2016 9709 63

(i) 64/250, 0.256 B1 [1] oe

(ii) 190/250, 0.76(0) B1 [1] oe

(iii) P(X) = 80/250 = 8/25 M1 attempt at P(X)

P(Y) = 100/250 = 2/5 M1 attempt at P(Y)

P (X ∩ Y) = 32/250 = 16/125 B1 oe

8 2 16
P(X) × P(Y) = × = M1 comparing P(X) × P(Y) and P(X ∩ Y) so long
25 5 125 as independence has not been assumed
Since P(X) × P(Y) = P (X ∩Y ) therefore A1 [5] correct answer with all working correct
independent

Page 230
 42. M/J 16/P62/Q1
Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – May/June 2016 9709 62

Qu Answer Marks Notes

42 (i) 0.8 M

0.2
0.65 T
NM M1 Correct shape with either one branch after
0.5 M HC or 2 branches with 0 prob seen correct
0.28 Labelled and clear annotation
C 0.5
0.07 NM
1 M
HC
0
NM A1 [2] All probs correct

(ii) P(coffee ∩ milk )

P( C milk) = M1 Attempt at P(coffee∩ milk)as a two-factor
P(milk )
prod only seen as num or denom of a
0.28 × 0.5 fraction
=
0.65 × 0.8 + 0.28 × 0.5 + 0.07(×1)
Summing appropriate three 2-factor
M1
products seen anywhere (can omit the 1)
0.14
=
0.73

=0.192 A1 [3]
Correct answer oe

43. M/J 16/P61/Q3

43 (i) P (cup of coffee) = 0.6×0.9 + 0.4× 0.3 M1 Summing two 2-factor probabilities
= 0.66 A1 [2] Correct answer accept 0.660

(ii) P(Not on time no cup of coffee) M1 0.4×0.7 seen as num or denom of a

fraction
P (noton time ∩ no cup) 0.4 × 0.7
= = M1 Attempt at P(no cup) as 0.1×p1 + 0.7×p2
P (no cup) 1 − 0.66 or as 1 – (i) seen anywhere
0.28
= = 0.824 A1 [3]
0.34

44. O/N 15/P62/Q3

1
(i) B1 1
4
4
3 1 81
(ii)    = = 0.0791 M1 Expression of form p4(1 – p) only,
4 4
    1024 p = 1/4 or 3/4
A1 2 Correct answer

1 1 1 1
(iii) P(all diff) = × × × × 4! M1 4! on numerator seen mult by k ⩾ 1 or
4 4 4 4 3×2×1 on num oe, must be in a fraction.
3 M1 44 on denom or 43 on denom with the
= (0.0938)
32 3× 2× 1
A1 3 Correct answer
3 2 1 3
OR 1 × × × =
4 4 4 32

Page 231
45. O/N 15/P63/Q2

20  5 
45 (i) P(X) =   (0.714),71.4% B1 1 oe
28  7 

20 1 8 6 7
(ii) P(F) = × × × = M1 Summing two 2-factor probs created by
28 4 28 10 20 One of ¼ or ¾ multiplied by 20/28 or 8/28
Added to 4/10 or 6/10 × altn population prob
A1 2 Correct answer

5 / 28 25
(iii) P( X | F ) = = (0.510) M1 Their unsimplified country X probability
7 / 20 49 (5/28) as num or denom of a fraction
Or (their fair hair population) ÷ (total fair
hair pop)

A1 2 Correct answer

46. O/N 15/P63/Q.3

3
46 (i) P(S) = M1 Sensible attempt at P(S)
16
4
P(T) = M1 Sensible attempt at P(T)
16

2
P(S∩T) = B1 Correct P(S∩T)
16
3 2 M1
P(S) × P(T) = ≠ comp P(S) × P(T) with P(S∩T) (their
64 16 values), evaluated

Not independent A1 5 Correct conclusion following all correct

working

(ii) not exclusive since P(S∩T) ≠ 0 FT their P(S∩T), not obtained from P(S) ×
Or counter example e.g. 1 and 3 P(T), with value and statement.
Or P(SUT) ≠ P(S)+P(T) with values B1 1

47. M/J 15/P62/Q4

47 (i) 0.3×0.72 + 0.7×x = 0.783 M1 Eqn with sum of two 2-factor probs =0.783
A1 Correct equation
x = 0.81 A1 3 Correct answer
(ii) P ( S ∩ NL )
P(S given not like) = B1 0.3×0.28 seen on its own as num or denom
P ( NL ) of a fraction
0.3 × 0.28 M1 Attempt at P(NL) either (0.3 × p1) +
=
0.3 × 0.28 + 0.7 × 0.19 or 1 − 0.783 (0.7 × p2) or 1 – 0.783 seen anywhere
A1 Correct unsimplified P(NL) as num or
= 0.387 (12/31) denom of a fraction
A1 4 Correct answer

Page 232
 48. M/J 15/P61/Q3

(i) 1 2 2 1 4 M1 Sensible attempt at P(A)

P(A) = × + × = M1 Sensible attempt at P(B)
3 3 3 3 9
27 3
P(B) = = B1 correct P(A∩B)
36 4 M1 Cf P(A∩B) with P(A)×P(B) need at
least 1 correct
12 1 A1 [5] Correct conclusion following all
P(A∩B) = = correct working
36 3
4 3 1
P(A)×P(B) = × =
9 4 3
Independent as P(A∩B) = P(A)×P(B)

(ii) Not mutually exclusive because P(A∩B) B1 [1] ft their P(A∩B)

≠0
Or give counter example e.g. 1 and 6
49. M/J 15/P61/Q4
(i) (1 – x)0.9 + x × 0.24 = 0.801 M1 Eqn with sum of two 2-factor
probs = 0.801
A1 Correct equation
x = 0.15 A1 [3] Correct answer

(ii) P([100 times given =Y=3 views) B1 0.85×0.1 seen on its own as num or
denom of a fraction
P([100 times ∩ [ 3 views)
= M1 Attempt at P([ 3 views) either
P([ 3 views) (0.85×p1 + 0.15×p2) or 1 – 0.801
0.85 × 0.1 seen anywhere
A1 Correct unsimplified P([ 3 views)
0.85 × 0.1 + 0.15 × 0.76 or 1 − 0.801 as num or denom of a fraction
= 0.427 A1 [4] Correct answer

50. M/J 15/P63/Q2

(i) All values may be decimals or %

Kitchen Kitchen Total B1 2 probabilities correct
mess not mess
On time 1/10 1/10 B1 2 further probabilities correct
Not on 1/2 4/5
time
Total 3/5 4/10 B1 [3] 2 further probabilities correct
1/ 2
5

(ii) P(not on time given kitchen mess) = M1 A cond prob fraction seen (using
3/5 corresponding combined outcomes
and total)
= 5/6 o.e. A1 [2] FT from their values, 3sf or better,
<1, 3/5ft<1

51. O/N 14/P62/Q3

(i) 1 1 1 2 or 1 1 2 1 or 1 2 1 1 or 2 1 1 1 M1 One of 1 1 1 2 seen

1 1 1 1
Prob = × × × × 4
6 6 6 6 M1 Mult a prob by 4 or ( 16 )4 × integer k [ 1
seen
1
= (0.00309) A1 3 Correct answer
324

(ii) P(1,2) = 7C1 × (1/324) (323/324)6 + M1 Bin term 7Cxpx(q)7–x , 0.99 Y p + q Y 1

7
C2(1/324)2(323/324)5 M1 Using their p from (i) in a bin term
M1 Correct unsimplified answer
= 0.0214 A1 4 Correct answer

Page 233
52. O/N 14/P61/Q3

1 2
P(8) = P(H 4 4) + P(T 2 4) + P(T 4 2) M1 or mult by dice related prob, seen
3 3
anywhere
1 1 2 1 2 1
= × + × + × M1 Summing two or three 2-factor probs
3 16 3 16 3 16
1 2
involving and
3 3
5 5
= A1 oe seen as num or denom of a fraction
48 48
P (H ∩ 8 ) 1
P(H | 8) = B1 oe seen as num or denom of a fraction
P (8) 48
1
= 48 = 1 A1 5 Correct ans
5 5
48

53. M/J 14/P62/Q3

(i) P(RR) = 0.6 × 0.7 = 0.42 B1 Only 2 factors

P(AA) = 0.4 × 0.75 = 0.3 B1 Only 2 factors
P(2 sets in match) = 0.72 B1 3 ft previous answers

P( A wins and 2 sets) P( AA)

(ii) = B1 Correct num or correct denom of a fraction ft
P(2 sets) P(2 sets) their (i)
0.3 5
= = (0.417) B1 2 Correct answer ft their or recovered AA/their or
0.72 12 recovered (i)

54. M/J 14/P61/Q5

(i) P(X and P) = 1 × 4 = 1 M1 Mult a playground prob with a P prob

4 9 9

P(Y and P) = 1 × 2 = 1 A1 One correct prob

4 12 24

P(Z and P) = 1 × 1 = 1 M1 Summing at least two 2-factor probs

2 16 32

P(P) = 53 = 0.184 A1 4 Correct answer

288

P(Y ∩ C )
(ii) P(Y | C) = M1 Attempt at P(Y ∩ C ) as numerator of a
P(C )
fraction
1× 1
M1 Attempt at P(C) in form of summing two 2-
4 12
factor products, seen anywhere
1× 1 + 1× 4
A1 Correct unsimplified P(C) seen anywhere
4 12 2 16
1
1
= 48 =
7 7 A1 4 Correct answer
48

Page 234
 55. M/J 14/P63/Q6

55 (i) P(B champ) = 0.7× 0.7 = 0.49 B1 1

(ii) P (B champ)
= P(WW) + P(WLW) + P(LWW) M1 Summing at least 2 options, at least one of
= (0.7×0.7) + (0.7×0.3×0.7) + which is 3-factor
(0.3×0.7×0.7)
= 0.49 + 0.147 + 0.147 B1 0.147 seen, unsimplified
= 0.784 A1 3 Correct answer

P(T 2 ∩ T )
(iii) P( T 2 T ) = M1 Attempt P(T2∩T) seen anywhere sum of 2
P(T ) terms
0 . 3 × 0 .3 + 0 .7 × 0 .3 × 0 .3
= A1 Correct unsimplified num of a fraction
0.216 M1 Dividing by their (1 – (ii) ) oe
= 0.708 A1 4 Correct answer

56. O/N 13/P62/Q2

56 (i) P(C ∩ < 50) = 0.35 × 0.2 = 0.07 B1 [1]

P(C ∩ < 50)
(ii) P(C │ < 50) = M1 [4] Summing three 2-factor products seen
P(< 50) anywhere (can omit the 1)
0.35 × 0.2
= A1 0.545 (unsimplified) seen as num or
0.25 × 0.3 + 0.35 × 0.2 + 0.4(×1) denom of a fraction
0.07
= M1 Attempt at P(C ∩ < 50) as 2-factor prod
0.545 only seen as num or denom of a fraction

= 0.128 (14/109) A1 Correct answer

57. O/N 13/P61/Q2

either 55/90 (11/18) B1 oe

or 95/160 (19/32) seen

P(M and 18 – 60) = 0.6 × 55/90 M1 0.6 mult by 55/90 seen as num / denom
= 0.367 (11 / 30) of a fraction

P(18 – 60) = 0.6 × 55/90 + 0.4 × 95/160 M1 Summing 2 two-factor products seen
(= 29/48 or 0.604) anywhere
P ( M ∩ 18 − 60)
P(M │ 18 – 60) = A1 Correct unsimplified answer seen as
P (18 − 60) num/denom of a fraction

= 88/145 (0.607) A1 5 Correct answer

Page 235
58. M/J 13/P61/Q7

Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper

GCE AS/A LEVEL – May/June 2013 9709 61

(i) number of balls in B is 5+ x + 1 = x + 6 B1 [1] Sensible reason

P(Y) = x/(x + 6) AG

(ii) box A box B B1 both correct for box A

6
W
x+6

W
8/10 Y B1 1 correct

5
Y W B1 1 correct
2/10 x+6

x +1
Y B1 [4] 1 correct
x+6

6 1 6
(iii) P(WB) = = M1 their = 1/3 or x/x+6 = 2/3
x+6 3 x+6

x = 12 AG A1 [2] Verification or solving legit

8 12 2 13
(iv) P(Y) = × + × M1 Attempt at P(,Y) involving 2 two-factor
10 18 10 18 fractions, seen anywhere.
61
= A1 Correct P(Y) seen as num or denom of a
90 fraction

P( AY ∩ BY )
P( = (AY | BY) = B1 (2/10) × (13/18) seen as num or denom
P(Y ) of a fraction
2 13 61
= × /
10 18 90

13
= (0.213) A1 [4] Correct answer
61

59. M/J 13/P63/Q1

Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper

GCE AS/A LEVEL – May/June 2013 9709 63

4 1
P(Q) = or P(S) = B1 oe
36 2
2 1 oe
P(Q∩S) = or P(S|Q) = or B1
36 2
2
P(Q|S) =
18
P(Q∩S) = P(Q) × P(S) or M1 Comparing correct pair of terms
P(S|Q) = P(S) or P(Q|S) = P(Q) 0 ≤ all probabilities < 1
Independent A1 [4] Correct conclusion must have all probs correct

Page 236
 60. M/J 13/P63/Q5

(a) P(W2) = P(W1W2) + P(L1W2) B1 0.3 × 0.6 alone as num or denom of a fraction
= 0.3 × 0.6 + 0.7 × 0.15 M1 Attempt at P(W2) as sum of two 2-factor options
seen anywhere
= 0.285
P(W1 ∩ W2 ) 0.18
P(W1 W2 ) = = A1 Correct unsimplified P(W2) as num or denom of
P(W2 ) 0.285 a fraction
12
= 0.632, A1 [4] Correct answer
19

(b) x + 4 oe seen B1 Seen anywhere

10 7 7
× = M1 Mult two probabilities, one containing x and
15 x + 4 18
7
equating to
18
A1 Correct unsimplified equation
x=8 A1 [4] Correct answer

61. O/N 12/P62/Q1

Page Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
GCE AS/A LEVEL – October/November 2012 9709 62

(i) P (A Later) = 0.5 × 0.2 = 0.1 B1 [1]

(ii) P(L given I) = (0.2 × 0.1) / (0.5 × 0.8 + 0.3 × B1 0.2 × 0.1 seen on its own as num or
0.6 + 0.2 × 0.1) denom of a fraction

M1 Attempt at P(I) summing 2 or 3 2-

factor prods, seen anywhere
= 0.02 / 0.6 A1 Correct unsimplified P(I) as num or
denom of a fraction
= 0.0333 (1 / 30) A1 [4] Correct answer accept 0.033

62. O/N 12/P61/Q6

(i) p = 0.2
µ= 96 × 0.2 = 19.2 σ2 = 96 × 0.2 × 0.8 =15.36 B1 96 × 0.2 and 96 × 0.2 × 0.8 seen

19.5 − 19.2 M1 standardising must have sq rt

P(< 20) = P( z < ) = P( z < 0.07654) M1 continuity correction either 19.5 or 20.5
15.36
M1 correct area (> 0.5)
A1 [5] correct value
= 0.531

0 .2 × 0 .6 B1 their 0.2 × (0.6 or 0.4) as numerator of a

(ii) P(OTB) =
0.05 × 0.3 + 0.2 × 0.6 + 0.75 fraction
M1 attempt at P(B) or P(NB) anywhere
0.12 involving sum of 2 or 3 products
= A1 correct unsimplified num or denom of a
0.885
fraction
= 0.136 (8/59)
A1 [4] correct answer

Page 237
63. O/N 12/P63/Q3

74  37 
(i)   (0.435) B1 1 Correct answer
170  85 
38  19 
(ii)   (0.396) B1 Correct unsimplified numerator or
96  49 
denominator
B1 2 Correct answer
(iii) P(high GDP and high birth rate) = 0 B1* Correct reason
So they are exclusive B1dep* 2 Correct answer, CWO
42 41
(iv) × M1 Multiplying 2 probabilities with different
74 54
numerators and denominators, only
1722  287  B1 One correct probability seen
=   (0.431) A1 3 Correct answer
3996  666 

64. M/J 12/P62/Q6

(i)
wrapped unwrapped total
choc 7 10 17 B1 One correct row or column numbers
not choc 5 8 13
total 12 18 30 B1 [2] All correct including labels
(ii) 12/30 (0.4) B1ft [1] Ft their table
(iii) 10/18 (5/9) (0.556) B1ft [1] Ft their table
(iv) 10/17 (0.588) B1ft [1] Ft their table
(v) P(2 wrapped)
= 12/30 × 11/29 × 18/28 × 17/27 × 4C2 M1 Mult by 4C2
M1 12 × 11 × 18 × 17 seen in num
M1 30 × 29 × 28 × 27 seen in denom
= 0.368 (374/1015) A1 Correct answer
OR
(12C2 × 18C2)/30C4 M1 12C2 seen mult or alone in num (not added)
M1 18 2 seen mult or alone in num (not added)
C
M1 30C4 seen in denom

= 0.368 A1 [4] Correct answer

65. M/J 12/P61/Q2

(i) 0.25p = 0.075 B1 [1] Answer given, must show some working
p = 0.075/0.25 = 0.3

P (2 and M )
(ii) P (2 M ) = M1 attempt at cond prob with single prod in num
P(M ) and Σ three 2-factor o.e prods in denom
0.45 × 0.85
= B1 correct numerator of a fraction
0.3 × 0.1 + 0.45 × 0.85 + 0.25 × 0.3
0.3825
= A1 correct unsimplified denom
0.4875
= 0.785 A1 [4] correct answer

Page 238
 66. M/J 12/P63/Q5

Page Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper

GCE AS/A LEVEL – May/June 2012 9709 63

(i)
Designer Not Total
designer
H-h shoes 2 4 6
L-h shoes 1 3 4 B1 one row or column correct
Sports 5 5 10
Total 8 12 20 B1 [2] all correct

(ii) 1/20 (0.05) B1ft [1] correct answer, ft their table

(iii) 10/20 (1/2, 0.5) B1ft [1] correct answer, ft their table

(iv) 2/8 (1/4, 0.25) B1ft [1] correct final answer, ft their table

(v) P(D) = 8/20 (0.4) P(S) =10/20 (0.5) M1 finding P(D∩S) and comparing with their P(D)
P(D∩S) = 5/20 (0.25) × P(S)
Not independent as P(D) × P(S) ≠ A1ft [2] correct conclusion, ft their table
P(D∩S)

P( D ∩ S ) 5 8
[OR1 P(D|S) = = P(D) = finding P(D|S) and comparing with their P(D)
P(S ) 10 20 correct conclusion, ft their table]
Not independent as P(D|S) ≠ P(D)

P( S ∩ D) 5 10
[OR2 P(S|D) = = P(S) = finding P(D|S) and comparing with their P(D)
P( D) 8 20 correct conclusion, ft their table]
Not independent as P(S|D) ≠ P(S)

(vi) P(at most 4) = 1 − 7C5(0.4)5(0.6)2 − M1 bin probability of form 7Cr pr(1 – p)7 – r, r ≠ 0 or
7
C6(0.4)6(0.6)1 − (0.4)7 M1 7
= 0.904 A1 [3]
bin expression for 1 − P(5, 6, 7) or P(0, 1, 2, 3,
4), any p
correct answer
67. O/N 11/P62/Q5(i,ii)
(i) 4p + p + 3p = 1 so P(blue) = 1/8 AG B1 [1] Must show something
(ii) P(R) = ½, P(B) = 1/8, P(G) = 3/8 M1 [3] Multiplying P (R, B, G) together
P(all different) = ½ × 1/8 × 3/8 × 3! M1 Mult by 3!
=9/64 (0.141) A1 Correct answer
68. O/N 11/P61/Q7
(i) P(2, N2, 2) = 1/4 × 1 × 1/7 = 1/28 M1 Considering at least two options of 2s
and 8s
P(8, 8, N8) = 1/4 × 2/5 × 3/7 = 3/70 M1 Considering three options for the 8s
P(8, N8, 8) = 1/4 × 3/5 × 4/7 = 3/35 M1 Summing their options if more than 3
in total
P(N8, 8, 8) = 3/4 × 2/5 × 4/7 = 6/35 B1 One option correct
∑ = 47/140 (0.336) A1 [5] Correct answer
1 / 28
(ii) P(2, 2 given same) = M1 1/28 in numerator of a fraction
47 / 140
= 5/47 (0.106) A1 [2] Correct answer

Page 239
68. O/N 11/P61/Q7

(iii) P(X) = 47/140 M1 Attempt to compare P(A and B) with

P(A) × P(B) or using conditional
probabilities
P(Y) = 1/4
P(X and Y) = 1/28 ≠ 47/140 × 1/4 A1 Legitimate correct answer
Not independent [2]

69. O/N 11/P63/Q2

12 12 16 5
(i) P(F) = (0.4) B1 or or seen
30 30 30 30
16
or P(W) = (0.533) M1 Valid attempt to find P(F or W)
30
5
or P(M∩W ′) = (0.167)
30
13 3 9
(F or W) = + + A1 Correct unsimplified expression
30 30 30
5 12 16 3
or 1 – or + –
30 30 30 30
5
= (0.833) A1 [4] Correct answer
6
(ii) P(M) = 18/30 (0.6), M1 Valid attempt to find P(M), P(W) and
P(W) = 16/30 (0.533), P(M) × P(W)
P(M) × P(W) = 8/25 (0.32)
P(M and W) = 13/30 (0.433) A1 P(M and W) = 13/30 ≠ 8/25 and correct
≠ 8/25 (0.32) conclusion
not independent
OR
13 M1 Valid attempt to find P(M and W),
P(M and W ) 13
P(M¦W) = = 30 = (0.813) P(W) and P(M and W) ÷ P(W)
P(W ) 16 16
30 13 18
18 ≠ = P(M)
≠ = P(M), A1 16 30
30
not independent
OR 13 M1 Valid attempt to find P(M and W),
P(M and W ) 13
P(W¦M) = = 30 = P(M) and P(M and W) ÷ P(M)
P(W ) 18 18
30
16 13 18
≠ = P(W), A1 ≠ = P(M)
30 16 30

not independent [2]

70. O/N 11/P63/Q3

(i) P(3m) = 4/5 (0.8) P(5m) = 1/5 (0.2) B1 P(3m) = 4/5 or P(5m) = 1/5 seen or
implied
E(X) = 17/5 (3.4) B1 Correct E(X)
M1 Subtract their mean2 numerically from
∑x2p, no extra dividing
Var(X) = 16/25 (0.64) A1 [4] Correct answer

Page 240
70. O/N 11/P63/Q3

(ii) P(3, 5) + P(5, 3) = 0.8 × 0.2 +0.2 × 0.8 M1 Summing two 2-factor terms
= 8/25 (0.32) A1√ Correct answer, ft on 2 × p × (1 − p),
[2] their p
(iii) P(11) = P(3, 3, 5) + P(3, 5, 3) + P(5, 3, 3) M1 Mult 2 probs for 3 with 1 prob for 5
= ( 4/5 × 4/5 × 1/5 ) × 3 M1 Multiplying probs for 11 by 3 or
summing 3 options
= 48/125 (0.384) A1 [3] Correct final answer
71. M/J 11/P61/Q1 72. M/J 11/P61/Q2
71 18p = 2.7 p = 0.15 B1 Correct value for p
P(2, 3, 4) = M1 Summing 3 binomial probs o.e
18
C2 × (0.15)2(0.85)16 + 18C3(0.15)3(0.85)15
+ 18C4(0.15)4(0.85)14 A1 Correct unsimplified answer
= 0.655 A1 [4] Correct answer
72 P(pencil case | find) = M1 Attempt to use cond prob formula, must
be quotient
P (pencilcase and find ) 0.7 × 1 A1 Correct num of a fraction
=
P (find ) 0.7 + 0.3 × 0.2 A1 Correct denominator
= 0.921 A1 [4] Correct answer
73. M/J 11/P61/Q7/b
P(R wins his 1st ball) = P(GY) M1 Using P(GY)
= 15/56 (0.268)
P(R wins 2nd ball) = P(GGGY) = 3/28 M1 Attempt to find P(GGGY) or P(GGGGGY)
P(R wins 3rd ball) = P(GGGGGY) M1 Adding three options
5 4 3 2 1 3
× × × × × = 1/56
8 7 6 5 4 3
P(R wins) = 11/28 (0.393) A1 [4] Correct answer

74. M/J 11/P63/Q4

(i) (a) P(final score is 12) = P(6, 6) = 1/36 B1 [1] Correct answer

(b) P[(1,5) + (1,4) + (2,3) + (3,2) + (4,1)] M1 Considering P(1, 5)

M1 Considering P[(1,4) + (2,3) + (3,2) + (4,1)]
= 5/36 A1 [3] Correct answer
(ii) P(A) = 1/6
P(B) = P[(1,5) + (2,4) + (3,3) + (4, 2) + (5,1)]
= 5/36 B1 Any two of P(A), P(B) and P(C) correct
P(C) = 1 – P(O, O) = 3/4 B1 Third probability correct

P(A and B) = P(1 and 5) = 1/36

≠ P(A) × P(B) M1 Numerical attempt to compare P(X and Y)
P(A and C) = P[(2,5) + (4,5) + (6,5)] = 3/36 with P(X) × P(Y), must be three positive
≠ P(A) × P(C) probs
P(B and C) = P[(2,4) + (4,2)] = 2/36
≠ P(B) × P(C)
None are independent. A1√ One correct comparison and conclusion, ft
their probabilities
A1 [5] Correct conclusion(s) following legitimate
working

Page 241
75. O/N 10/P62/Q3

2 4 8
P(E and 12) = × = (2/45) M1 2/5 or 3/5 mult by dice-related
5 36 180 probability seen anywhere
2 4
A1 × seen oe
5 36
3 1 8 11
P(12) = × + = (0.0611) M1 Summing two 2-factor probs involving
5 36 180 180
2/5 and 3/5
A1ft 3/5 × 1/36 + their P(E and 12), ft their
P(E 12)
P( E and 12)
P( E 12) = M1dep Subst in condit prob formula, must have
P(12) a fraction
8
= (0.727) A1 Correct answer
11 [6]
OR list
Even: 2 and (4,3) or (3,4) or (2,6) or (6,2) M1 List attempt evens
4 and ditto
Gives 8 options A1 8 options

Odd: 1 and (6,6) or 3 and (6,6) or 5 and (6,6) M1 List attempt odds
Gives 3 options A1 3 options

Prob(E│12) = 8/11 M1 (Their even)/(their total)

A1 Correct answer

76. O/N 10/P61/Q5

(i)
A B C D M1 Obtaining probs of each person for each
Rick 1/3 2/9 2/9 2/9 entrance (can be implied or awarded in
Brenda 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 part (i) or part (ii))
Ali 2/35 2/35 2/7 3/5

P(Rick B, Brenda B, Ali not B) M1 Considering options 2 meet 1 doesn’t,

+ P(Rick B, Brenda not B, Ali B) must have at least two 3-factor terms
+ P(Rick not B, Brenda B, Ali B)
= 11/210 + 2/210 + 1/90 = 23/315

P(Rick B, Brenda B, Ali B) = 1/315 M1 Adding option all three meet, must be
added to a prob
Prob(at least 2 at entrance B)
= 24/315 (8/105) (0.0762) A1 Correct answer
[4]

(ii) P(entrance A) = 1/210 (0.00476) M1 Obtaining a three-factor prob for any

P(entrance B) = 1/315 (0.00317) entrance
P(entrance C) = 1/63 (0.0159) M1 Adding four three-factor probabilities for
P(entrance D) = 1/30 (0.0333) the 4 entrances
A1 Two or more correct entrance
probabilities
P(same entrance) = 2/35 (0.0571) A1 Correct answer
[4]

Page 242
77. M/J 10/P62/Q5

(i) (2,12), (3, 8), (4, 6), (6, 4), (8,3), (12,2) M1 Listing or picking out at least 3 different
options from a 12 by 12 (mult) table or
seeing 3, 4, 5 or 6/144
P(Q) = 6/144 (1/24) (0.0417) A1 [2] Correct answer

(ii) P(both > 8) = 1/3 × 1/3 M1 Squaring a sensible prob or picking out
12 – 25 options
= 1/9 = P(R) (16/144) A1 [2] Correct answer

(iii) since P(R and Q) = 0 B1* o.e. in words

Yes, R and Q are exclusive B1dep
[2]

(iv) P(R and Q) = 0 ≠ P(R) × P(Q) B1* o.e. in words

or P(R|Q) = 0, ≠ P(R)
No, not independent B1dep
[2]

78. M/J 10/P62/Q7

(i) 362880 (363000) B1 [1]

(ii) PG or GP in 8! × 2 = 80640 or 7/9 of (i) M1 Considering together and also subtracting
from their (i) or using probabilities
B1 8! × 2 or 80640 seen oe
362880 – 80640 = 282240 A1ft correct answer ft 40320 only
[3]
(iii) 9P3 or 9C3 × 3! or 9!/6! M1 9
P3 or 9C3 oe seen allow extra
multiplication
= 504 A1 [2] correct final answer
(iv) 8C2 × 3! or 504 – 8C3 × 3! or 8P2 × 3 M1 8
Cx or 8Px seen allow extra mult, or (iii)/9
or (iii)/3
= 168 A1 [2] correct final answer

(v) PG and x in 7 × 2 × 2 ways = 28 M1 x × 2 × 2 seen or their (iii) – 7 or 7C1 or

7
C2
Answer 504 – 28 = 476 A1 [2] correct answer

Page 243
 79. M/J 10/P61/Q7

(i) P(1st correct) = 0.7 + 0.2 × 0.95

= 0.89 AG B1

(ii) M1 Considering any 2 of CC, CHA, HAC or

C HAHP [where C = Peter correct, H = ask
0.7 for help, A = audience correct, P = phone
correct] or tree diagram with ‘top half’
0.7 C 0.1 C A labels and probs shown
0.2 0.95
0.1 C H 0.7 C
A M1 Considering other 2
0.2 H 0.95 0.1 C
M1 Summing 4 probabilities
0.2 0.65 P
H
P(CC) = 0.7 × 0.7 (= 0.49) B1 Two correct probabilities
P(CHA) = 0.7 × 0.2 × 0.95 (= 0.133)
P(HAC) = 0.2 × 0.95 × 0.7 (= 0.133) B1 Three correct probabilities
P(HAHP) = 0.2 × 0.95 × 0.2 × 0.65 (= 0.0247)

P(both correctly answered) = 0.781 A1 Correct

[6]

(iii) P(audience | both correct)

P (CHA) + P ( HAC ) + P ( HAHP) Summing two or three 3-factor terms in
= M1*
ans (ii) numerator of a fraction

=
0.7 × 0.2 × 0.95 + 0.2 × 0.95 × 0.7 + 0.2 × 0.95 × 0.2 × 0.65
M1dep Dividing by their (ii)
0.7807

= 0.2907/0.7807
= 0.372 A1 Correct answer
[3]
80. M/J 10/P63/Q1

13
C3 ×39 C 4
52
M1 Using combinations with attempt to evaluate
C7 product of 2 in num and only 1 in denom
M1 Correct numerator or denominator
= 0.176 A1 Correct answer
OR P(RRR) = M1 OR Multiplying 3 unequal red probs with 4
13 12 11 39 38 37 36 7 unequal non-red probs
× × × × × × × C3 M1 Multiplying a probability by 7C3
52 51 50 49 48 47 46
= 0.176 A1 Correct answer
[3]

Page 244
 Unit- 4.1 Discrete Random Variables

1. M/J 22/P52/Q2
A fair 6-sided die has the numbers 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3 on its faces. The die is rolled twice. The random
variable X denotes the sum of the two numbers obtained.

(a) Draw up the probability distribution table for X . [3]

(b) Find E X
and Var X
. [3]

2. M/J 22/P51/Q4/a

Jacob has four coins. One of the coins is biased such that when it is thrown the probability of obtaining
7 . The other three coins are fair. Jacob throws all four coins once. The number of heads
a head is 10
that he obtains is denoted by the random variable X . The probability distribution table for X is as
follows.
x 0 1 2 3 4
P X = x
3 a b c 7
80 80

(a) Show that a = 15 and find the values of b and c. [4]

(b) Find E X
. [1]
Jacob throws all four coins together 10 times.

(c) Find the probability that he obtains exactly one head on fewer than 3 occasions. [3]
(d) Find the probability that Jacob obtains exactly one head for the first time on the 7th or 8th time
that he throws the 4 coins. [2]

3. M/J 22/P53/Q3

The random variable X takes the values −2, 1, 2, 3. It is given that P X = x
= kx2 , where k is a
constant.
(a) Draw up the probability distribution table for X , giving the probabilities as numerical fractions.
[3]
(b) Find E X
and Var X
. [3]

4. O/N 21/P52/Q3
A bag contains 5 yellow and 4 green marbles. Three marbles are selected at random from the bag,
without replacement.
5.
(a) Show that the probability that exactly one of the marbles is yellow is 14 [3]
The random variable X is the number of yellow marbles selected.
(b) Draw up the probability distribution table for X . [3]

5. O/N 21/P51/Q4

A fair spinner has edges numbered 0, 1, 2, 2. Another fair spinner has edges numbered −1, 0, 1. Each
spinner is spun. The number on the edge on which a spinner comes to rest is noted. The random
variable X is the sum of the numbers for the two spinners.
(a) Draw up the probability distribution table for X . [3]
(b) Find Var X
. [3]

Page 245
6. O/N 21/P53/Q6
In a game, Jim throws three darts at a board. This is called a ‘turn’. The centre of the board is called
the bull’s-eye.

The random variable X is the number of darts in a turn that hit the bull’s-eye. The probability
distribution of X is given in the following table.

x 0 1 2 3
P X = x
0.6 p q 0.05

It is given that E X
= 0.55.

(a) Find the values of p and q. [4]

(b) Find Var X
. [2]

Jim is practising for a competition and he repeatedly throws three darts at the board.

(c) Find the probability that X = 1 in at least 3 of 12 randomly chosen turns. [3]

(d) Find the probability that Jim first succeeds in hitting the bull’s-eye with all three darts on his 9th
turn. [1]
7. M/J 21/P52/Q4
A fair spinner has sides numbered 1, 2, 2. Another fair spinner has sides numbered −2, 0, 1. Each
spinner is spun. The number on the side on which a spinner comes to rest is noted. The random
variable X is the sum of the numbers for the two spinners.

(a) Draw up the probability distribution table for X . [3]

(b) Find E X
and Var X
. [3]

8. M/J 21/P51/Q7

Sharma knows that she has 3 tins of carrots, 2 tins of peas and 2 tins of sweetcorn in her cupboard.
All the tins are the same shape and size, but the labels have all been removed, so Sharma does not
know what each tin contains.
Sharma wants carrots for her meal, and she starts opening the tins one at a time, chosen randomly,
until she opens a tin of carrots. The random variable X is the number of tins that she needs to open.
6.
(a) Show that P X = 3
= 35 [2]
(b) Draw up the probability distribution table for X . [4]
(c) Find Var X
. [3]
9. M/J 21/P53/Q2
The random variable X can take only the values −2, −1, 0, 1, 2. The probability distribution of X is
given in the following table.

x −2 −1 0 1 2
P X = x
p p 0.1 q q

Given that P X ≥ 0
= 3P X < 0
, find the values of p and q. [4]

10. O/N 20/P52/Q2

A bag contains 5 red balls and 3 blue balls. Sadie takes 3 balls at random from the bag, without
replacement. The random variable X represents the number of red balls that she takes.
15 .
(a) Show that the probability that Sadie takes exactly 1 red ball is 56 [2]
(b) Draw up the probability distribution table for X . [3]
(c) Given that E X
= 15
8
, find Var X
. [2]
Page 246
11. O/N 20/P51/Q4

The random variable X takes each of the values 1, 2, 3, 4 with probability 41 . Two independent values
of X are chosen at random. If the two values of X are the same, the random variable Y takes that
value. Otherwise, the value of Y is the larger value of X minus the smaller value of X .

(a) Draw up the probability distribution table for Y . [4]

(b) Find the probability that Y = 2 given that Y is even. [2]

12. O/N 20/P53/Q6

Three coins A, B and C are each thrown once.

³ Coins A and B are each biased so that the probability of obtaining a head is 23 .
³ Coin C is biased so that the probability of obtaining a head is 54 .
(a) Show that the probability of obtaining exactly 2 heads and 1 tail is 49 . [3]
The random variable X is the number of heads obtained when the three coins are thrown.
n.
(b) Draw up the probability distribution table for X . [3]
(c) Given that E X
= 32
15
, find Var X
. [2]

13. M/J 20/P52/Q5

A fair three-sided spinner has sides numbered 1, 2, 3. A fair five-sided spinner has sides numbered
1, 1, 2, 2, 3. Both spinners are spun once. For each spinner, the number on the side on which it
lands is noted. The random variable X is the larger of the two numbers if they are different, and their
common value if they are the same.
(a) Show that P X = 3
= 157. [2]
(b) Draw up the probability distribution table for X . [3]

14. M/J 20/P51/Q3

A company produces small boxes of sweets that contain 5 jellies and 3 chocolates. Jemeel chooses
3 sweets at random from a box.
(a) Draw up the probability distribution table for the number of jellies that Jemeel chooses. [4]
The company also produces large boxes of sweets. For any large box, the probability that it contains
more jellies than chocolates is 0.64. 10 large boxes are chosen at random.

(b) Find the probability that no more than 7 of these boxes contain more jellies than chocolates. [3]

15. M/J 20/P53/Q4

A fair four-sided spinner has edges numbered 1, 2, 2, 3. A fair three-sided spinner has edges numbered
−2, −1, 1. Each spinner is spun and the number on the edge on which it comes to rest is noted. The
random variable X is the sum of the two numbers that have been noted.

(a) Draw up the probability distribution table for X . [3]

(b) Find Var X
. [3]

16. MAR 20/P52/Q2

An ordinary fair die is thrown repeatedly until a 1 or a 6 is obtained.
(a) Find the probability that it takes at least 3 throws but no more than 5 throws to obtain a 1 or a 6.
[3]
On another occasion, this die is thrown 3 times. The random variable X is the number of times that
a 1 or a 6 is obtained.
(b) Draw up the probability distribution table for X . [3]
(c) Find E X
. [2]
Page 247
17. O/N 19/P62/Q5
A fair red spinner has four sides, numbered 1, 2, 3, 3. A fair blue spinner has three sides, numbered
−1, 0, 2. When a spinner is spun, the score is the number on the side on which it lands. The spinners
are spun at the same time. The random variable X denotes the score on the red spinner minus the
score on the blue spinner.
(i) Draw up the probability distribution table for X . [4]
(ii) Find Var X
. [3]

18. O/N 19/P61/Q4

In a probability distribution the random variable X takes the values −1, 0, 1, 2, 4. The probability
distribution table for X is as follows.

x −1 0 1 2 4
P X = x
1 p p 3 4p
4 8

(i) Find the value of p. [2]

(ii) Find E X
and Var X
. [3]
(iii) Given that X is greater than zero, find the probability that X is equal to 2. [2]

19. O/N 19/P63/Q6

A box contains 3 red balls and 5 white balls. One ball is chosen at random from the box and is not
returned to the box. A second ball is now chosen at random from the box.

(i) Find the probability that both balls chosen are red. [1]
(ii) Show that the probability that the balls chosen are of different colours is 15
28
. [2]
(iii) Given that the second ball chosen is red, find the probability that the first ball chosen is red. [2]
The random variable X denotes the number of red balls chosen.

(iv) Draw up the probability distribution table for X . [2]

(v) Find Var X
. [3]

20. M/J 19/P61/Q6

At a funfair, Amy pays $1 for two attempts to make a bell ring by shooting at it with a water pistol.
³ If she makes the bell ring on her first attempt, she receives $3 and stops playing. This means
that overall she has gained $2.
³ If she makes the bell ring on her second attempt, she receives $1.50 and stops playing. This
means that overall she has gained $0.50.
³ If she does not make the bell ring in the two attempts, she has lost her original $1.
The probability that Amy makes the bell ring on any attempt is 0.2, independently of other attempts.

(i) Show that the probability that Amy loses her original $1 is 0.64. [2]
(ii) Complete the probability distribution table for the amount that Amy gains. [4]

Amy’s gain ($)

Probability 0.64

(iii) Calculate Amy’s expected gain. [1]

Page 248
21. M/J 19/P63/Q6
A fair five-sided spinner has sides numbered 1, 1, 1, 2, 3. A fair three-sided spinner has sides numbered
1, 2, 3. Both spinners are spun once and the score is the product of the numbers on the sides the
spinners land on.

(i) Draw up the probability distribution table for the score. [4]
(ii) Find the mean and the variance of the score. [3]
(iii) Find the probability that the score is greater than the mean score. [2]

22. Mar 19/P62/Q4

The random variable X takes the values −1, 1, 2, 3 only. The probability that X takes the value x is
kx2 , where k is a constant.
(i) Draw up the probability distribution table for X , in terms of k, and find the value of k. [3]
(ii) Find E X
and Var X
. [3]
23. O/N 18/P62/Q6

A fair red spinner has 4 sides, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4. A fair blue spinner has 3 sides, numbered 1, 2, 3.
When a spinner is spun, the score is the number on the side on which it lands. The spinners are spun
at the same time. The random variable X denotes the score on the red spinner minus the score on the
blue spinner.
(i) Draw up the probability distribution table for X . [3]
(ii) Find Var X
. [3]
(iii) Find the probability that X is equal to 1, given that X is non-zero. [3]

24. O/N 18/P61/Q2

A random variable X has the probability distribution shown in the following table, where p is a
constant.
x −1 0 1 2 4
P X = x
p p 2p 2p 0.1

(i) Find the value of p. [1]

(ii) Given that E X
= 1.15, find Var X
. [2]
25. O/N 18/P63/Q2
A fair 6-sided die has the numbers −1, −1, 0, 0, 1, 2 on its faces. A fair 3-sided spinner has edges
numbered −1, 0, 1. The die is thrown and the spinner is spun. The number on the uppermost face of
the die and the number on the edge on which the spinner comes to rest are noted. The sum of these
two numbers is denoted by X .
(i) Draw up a table showing the probability distribution of X . [3]
(ii) Find Var X
. [3]
26. O/N 17/P62/Q3
A box contains 6 identical-sized discs, of which 4 are blue and 2 are red. Discs are taken at random
from the box in turn and not replaced. Let X be the number of discs taken, up to and including the
first blue one.
1.
(i) Show that P X = 3
= 15 [2]
(ii) Draw up the probability distribution table for X . [3]

Page 249
27. O/N 17/P61/Q1

1 The discrete random variable X has the following probability distribution.

x 1 2 3 6
P X = x
0.15 p 0.4 q

Given that E X
= 3.05, find the values of p and q. [4]

28. O/N 17/P63/Q4

A fair die with faces numbered 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 6 is thrown. The score, X , is found by squaring the
number on the face the die shows and then subtracting 4.

(i) Draw up a table to show the probability distribution of X . [3]

(ii) Find E X
and Var X
. [3]

29. M/J 17/P62/Q3

In a probability distribution the random variable X takes the value x with probability kx2 , where k is
a constant and x takes values −2, −1, 2, 4 only.

(i) Show that P X = −2
has the same value as P X = 2
. [1]
(ii) Draw up the probability distribution table for X , in terms of k, and find the value of k. [3]
(iii) Find E X
. [2]

31. M/J 16/P62/Q3

A particular type of bird lays 1, 2, 3 or 4 eggs in a nest each year. The probability of x eggs is equal
to kx, where k is a constant.

(i) Draw up a probability distribution table, in terms of k, for the number of eggs laid in a year and
find the value of k. [3]

(ii) Find the mean and variance of the number of eggs laid in a year by this type of bird. [3]

32. M/J 16/P63/Q1

In a group of 30 adults, 25 are right-handed and 8 wear spectacles. The number who are right-handed
and do not wear spectacles is 19.

(i) Copy and complete the following table to show the number of adults in each category. [2]

Wears spectacles Does not wear spectacles Total

Right-handed

Not right-handed

Total 30

An adult is chosen at random from the group. Event X is ‘the adult chosen is right-handed’; event Y
is ‘the adult chosen wears spectacles’.

(ii) Determine whether X and Y are independent events, justifying your answer. [3]

Page 250
33. M/J 16/P63/Q3
Two ordinary fair dice are thrown. The resulting score is found as follows.
• If the two dice show different numbers, the score is the smaller of the two numbers.
• If the two dice show equal numbers, the score is 0.

(i) Draw up the probability distribution table for the score. [4]

(ii) Calculate the expected score. [2]

34. O/N 15/P62/Q6

A fair spinner A has edges numbered 1, 2, 3, 3. A fair spinner B has edges numbered −3, −2, −1, 1.
Each spinner is spun. The number on the edge that the spinner comes to rest on is noted. Let X be
the sum of the numbers for the two spinners.

(i) Copy and complete the table showing the possible values of X . [1]

Spinner A
1 2 3 3
−3 −2
−2 1
Spinner B
−1
1

(ii) Draw up a table showing the probability distribution of X . [3]

(iii) Find Var X
. [3]

(iv) Find the probability that X is even, given that X is positive. [2]

35. O/N 15/P61/Q6

Nadia is very forgetful. Every time she logs in to her online bank she only has a 40% chance of
remembering her password correctly. She is allowed 3 unsuccessful attempts on any one day and
then the bank will not let her try again until the next day.

(i) Draw a fully labelled tree diagram to illustrate this situation. [3]

(ii) Let X be the number of unsuccessful attempts Nadia makes on any day that she tries to log in to
her bank. Copy and complete the following table to show the probability distribution of X . [4]

x 0 1 2 3
P X = x
0.24

(iii) Calculate the expected number of unsuccessful attempts made by Nadia on any day that she tries
to log in. [2]

Page 251
36. M/J 15/P62/Q5
A box contains 5 discs, numbered 1, 2, 4, 6, 7. William takes 3 discs at random, without replacement,
and notes the numbers on the discs.

(i) Find the probability that the numbers on the 3 discs are two even numbers and one odd number.
[3]

The smallest of the numbers on the 3 discs taken is denoted by the random variable S.

(ii) By listing all possible selections (126, 246 and so on) draw up the probability distribution table
for S. [5]
37. M/J 15/P63/Q4
A pet shop has 9 rabbits for sale, 6 of which are white. A random sample of two rabbits is chosen
without replacement.

(i) Show that the probability that exactly one of the two rabbits in the sample is white is 12 . [2]

(ii) Construct the probability distribution table for the number of white rabbits in the sample. [3]

(iii) Find the expected value of the number of white rabbits in the sample. [1]

38. O/N 14/P62/Q4

Sharik attempts a multiple choice revision question on-line. There are 3 suggested answers, one of
which is correct. When Sharik chooses an answer the computer indicates whether the answer is right
or wrong. Sharik first chooses one of the three suggested answers at random. If this answer is wrong
he has a second try, choosing an answer at random from the remaining 2. If this answer is also wrong
Sharik then chooses the remaining answer, which must be correct.

(i) Draw a fully labelled tree diagram to illustrate the various choices that Sharik can make until the
computer indicates that he has answered the question correctly. [4]

(ii) The random variable X is the number of attempts that Sharik makes up to and including the
one that the computer indicates is correct. Draw up the probability distribution table for X and
find E X
. [4]

39. O/N 14/P61/Q2

The number of phone calls, X , received per day by Sarah has the following probability distribution.

x 0 1 2 3 4 ≥5
PX = x 0.24 0.35 2k k 0.05 0

(i) Find the value of k. [2]

(ii) Find the mode of X . [1]

(iii) Find the probability that the number of phone calls received by Sarah on any particular day is
more than the mean number of phone calls received per day. [3]

Page 252
40. O/N 14/P63/Q7
A box contains 2 green apples and 2 red apples. Apples are taken from the box, one at a time, without
replacement. When both red apples have been taken, the process stops. The random variable X is the
number of apples which have been taken when the process stops.

(i) Show that P X = 3
= 13 . [3]

(ii) Draw up the probability distribution table for X . [3]

Another box contains 2 yellow peppers and 5 orange peppers. Three peppers are taken at random
from the box without replacement.

(iii) Given that at least 2 of the peppers taken from the box are orange, find the probability that all 3
peppers are orange. [5]

41. M/J 14/P62/Q4

Coin A is weighted so that the probability of throwing a head is 32 . Coin B is weighted so that the
probability of throwing a head is 14 . Coin A is thrown twice and coin B is thrown once.

(i) Show that the probability of obtaining exactly 1 head and 2 tails is 13 . [3]
36

(ii) Draw up the probability distribution table for the number of heads obtained. [4]

(iii) Find the expectation of the number of heads obtained. [2]

42. M/J 14/P62/Q5

Find how many different numbers can be made from some or all of the digits of the number 1 345 789
if
(i) all seven digits are used, the odd digits are all together and no digits are repeated, [2]
(ii) the numbers made are even numbers between 3000 and 5000, and no digits are repeated, [3]
(iii) the numbers made are multiples of 5 which are less than 1000, and digits can be repeated. [3]

43. M/J 14/P61/Q4

A book club sends 6 paperback and 2 hardback books to Mrs Hunt. She chooses 4 of these books
at random to take with her on holiday. The random variable X represents the number of paperback
books she chooses.
(i) Show that the probability that she chooses exactly 2 paperback books is 3. [2]
14
(ii) Draw up the probability distribution table for X . [3]
(iii) You are given that E X
= 3. Find Var X
. [2]

Page 253
 44. M/J 14/P63/Q3
A pet shop has 6 rabbits and 3 hamsters. 5 of these pets are chosen at random. The random variable
X represents the number of hamsters chosen.

(i) Show that the probability that exactly 2 hamsters are chosen is 10 . [2]
21

(ii) Draw up the probability distribution table for X . [4]

45. O/N 13/P62/Q7

Rory has 10 cards. Four of the cards have a 3 printed on them and six of the cards have a 4 printed on
them. He takes three cards at random, without replacement, and adds up the numbers on the cards.

(i) Show that P the sum of the numbers on the three cards is 11
= 12 . [3]

(ii) Draw up a probability distribution table for the sum of the numbers on the three cards. [4]

Event R is ‘the sum of the numbers on the three cards is 11’. Event S is ‘the number on the first card
taken is a 3’.

(iii) Determine whether events R and S are independent. Justify your answer. [3]

(iv) Determine whether events R and S are exclusive. Justify your answer. [1]

46. O/N 13/P61/Q7

James has a fair coin and a fair tetrahedral die with four faces numbered 1, 2, 3, 4. He tosses the coin
once and the die twice. The random variable X is defined as follows.
³ If the coin shows a head then X is the sum of the scores on the two throws of the die.
³ If the coin shows a tail then X is the score on the first throw of the die only.

(i) Explain why X = 1 can only be obtained by throwing a tail, and show that P X = 1
= 18 . [2]

3
(ii) Show that P X = 3
= 16
. [4]

(iii) Copy and complete the probability distribution table for X . [3]

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 3 1 1 1
P X = x
8 16 8 16 32

Event Q is ‘James throws a tail’. Event R is ‘the value of X is 7’.

(iv) Determine whether events Q and R are exclusive. Justify your answer. [2]

47. O/N 13/P63/Q7

Dayo chooses two digits at random, without replacement, from the 9-digit number 113 333 555.

(i) Find the probability that the two digits chosen are equal. [3]

(ii) Find the probability that one digit is a 5 and one digit is not a 5. [3]

(iii) Find the probability that the first digit Dayo chose was a 5, given that the second digit he chose
is not a 5. [4]

(iv) The random variable X is the number of 5s that Dayo chooses. Draw up a table to show the
probability distribution of X . [3]

Page 254
48. M/J 13/P62/Q7

Susan has a bag of sweets containing 7 chocolates and 5 toffees. Ahmad has a bag of sweets containing
3 chocolates, 4 toffees and 2 boiled sweets. A sweet is taken at random from Susan’s bag and put in
Ahmad’s bag. A sweet is then taken at random from Ahmad’s bag.

(i) Find the probability that the two sweets taken are a toffee from Susan’s bag and a boiled sweet
from Ahmad’s bag. [2]

(ii) Given that the sweet taken from Ahmad’s bag is a chocolate, find the probability that the sweet
taken from Susan’s bag was also a chocolate. [4]

(iii) The random variable X is the number of times a chocolate is taken. State the possible values
of X and draw up a table to show the probability distribution of X . [5]

49. O/JN 12/P62/Q6

A fair tetrahedral die has four triangular faces, numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4. The score when this die is
thrown is the number on the face that the die lands on. This die is thrown three times. The random
variable X is the sum of the three scores.
10
(i) Show that P(X = 9) = 64
. [3]

(ii) Copy and complete the probability distribution table for X . [3]

x 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 3 12
P(X = x) 64 64 64

(iii) Event R is ‘the sum of the three scores is 9’. Event S is ‘the product of the three scores is 16’.
Determine whether events R and S are independent, showing your working. [5]

50. O/N 12/P61/Q1

Ashok has 3 green pens and 7 red pens. His friend Rod takes 3 of these pens at random, without
replacement. Draw up a probability distribution table for the number of green pens Rod takes. [4]

51. O/N 12/P63/Q2

The discrete random variable X has the following probability distribution.

x −3 0 2 4
P ( X = x) p q r 0.4

Given that E(X ) = 2.3 and Var(X ) = 3.01, find the values of p, q and r. [6]

52. M/J 12/P62/Q2

The random variable X has the probability distribution shown in the table.

x 2 4 6
P(X = x) 0.5 0.4 0.1

Two independent values of X are chosen at random. The random variable Y takes the value 0 if the
two values of X are the same. Otherwise the value of Y is the larger value of X minus the smaller
value of X .

(i) Draw up the probability distribution table for Y . [4]

(ii) Find the expected value of Y . [1]

Page 255
53. M/J 12/P61/Q3
A spinner has 5 sides, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. When the spinner is spun, the score is the number of
the side on which it lands. The score is denoted by the random variable X , which has the probability
distribution shown in the table.

x 1 2 3 4 5
P(X = x) 0.3 0.15 3p 2p 0.05

(i) Find the value of p. [1]

A second spinner has 3 sides, numbered 1, 2 and 3. The score when this spinner is spun is denoted
by the random variable Y . It is given that P(Y = 1) = 0.3, P(Y = 2) = 0.5 and P(Y = 3) = 0.2.

(ii) Find the probability that, when both spinners are spun together,
(a) the sum of the scores is 4, [3]
(b) the product of the scores is less than 8. [3]

54. M/J 12/P63/Q4

The six faces of a fair die are numbered 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3. The score for a throw of the die, denoted by
the random variable W , is the number on the top face after the die has landed.

(i) Find the mean and standard deviation of W . [3]

(ii) The die is thrown twice and the random variable X is the sum of the two scores. Draw up a
probability distribution table for X . [4]

(iii) The die is thrown n times. The random variable Y is the number of times that the score is 3.
Given that E(Y ) = 8, find Var(Y ). [3]

55. O/N 11/P61/Q3

A team of 4 is to be randomly chosen from 3 boys and 5 girls. The random variable X is the number
of girls in the team.

(i) Draw up a probability distribution table for X . [4]

(ii) Given that E(X ) = 52 , calculate Var(X ). [2]

56. M/J 11/P62/Q1

A biased die was thrown 20 times and the number of 5s was noted. This experiment was repeated
many times and the average number of 5s was found to be 4.8. Find the probability that in the next
20 throws the number of 5s will be less than three. [4]

57. M/J 11/P62/Q7

Judy and Steve play a game using five cards numbered 3, 4, 5, 8, 9. Judy chooses a card at random,
looks at the number on it and replaces the card. Then Steve chooses a card at random, looks at the
number on it and replaces the card. If their two numbers are equal the score is 0. Otherwise, the
smaller number is subtracted from the larger number to give the score.
(i) Show that the probability that the score is 6 is 0.08. [1]
(ii) Draw up a probability distribution table for the score. [2]
(iii) Calculate the mean score. [1]
If the score is 0 they play again. If the score is 4 or more Judy wins. Otherwise Steve wins. They
continue playing until one of the players wins.
(iv) Find the probability that Judy wins with the second choice of cards. [3]

(v) Find an expression for the probability that Judy wins with the nth choice of cards. [2]

Page 256
57. M/J 11/P62/Q7
Judy and Steve play a game using five cards numbered 3, 4, 5, 8, 9. Judy chooses a card at random,
looks at the number on it and replaces the card. Then Steve chooses a card at random, looks at the
number on it and replaces the card. If their two numbers are equal the score is 0. Otherwise, the
smaller number is subtracted from the larger number to give the score.
(i) Show that the probability that the score is 6 is 0.08. [1]
(ii) Draw up a probability distribution table for the score. [2]
(iii) Calculate the mean score. [1]
If the score is 0 they play again. If the score is 4 or more Judy wins. Otherwise Steve wins. They
continue playing until one of the players wins.
(iv) Find the probability that Judy wins with the second choice of cards. [3]
(v) Find an expression for the probability that Judy wins with the nth choice of cards. [2]

58. M/J 11/P61/Q3

The possible values of the random variable X are the 8 integers in the set {−2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
1 . The probabilities for all the other values of X are equal. Calculate
The probability of X being 0 is 10
(i) P(X < 2), [2]
(ii) the variance of X , [3]
17
(iii) the value of a for which P(−a ≤ X ≤ 2a) = 35
. [1]

59. O/N 10/P62/Q1

The discrete random variable X takes the values 1, 4, 5, 7 and 9 only. The probability distribution of
X is shown in the table.

x 1 4 5 7 9
P (X = x ) 4p 5p2 1.5p 2.5p 1.5p
Find p.

[3]
60. O/N 10/P61/Q7

Sanket plays a game using a biased die which is twice as likely to land on an even number as on an
odd number. The probabilities for the three even numbers are all equal and the probabilities for the
three odd numbers are all equal.

(i) Find the probability of throwing an odd number with this die. [2]

Sanket throws the die once and calculates his score by the following method.
• If the number thrown is 3 or less he multiplies the number thrown by 3 and adds 1.
• If the number thrown is more than 3 he multiplies the number thrown by 2 and subtracts 4.
The random variable X is Sanket’s score.

Page 257
60. O/N 10/P61/Q7
(ii) Show that P(X = 8) = 29 . [2]

The table shows the probability distribution of X .

x 4 6 7 8 10
3 1 2 2 1
P(X = x) 9 9 9 9 9

58
(iii) Given that E(X ) = 9, find Var(X ). [2]

Sanket throws the die twice.

(iv) Find the probability that the total of the scores on the two throws is 16. [2]

(v) Given that the total of the scores on the two throws is 16, find the probability that the score on
the first throw was 6. [3]

61. O/N 10/P63/Q1

Name the distribution and suggest suitable numerical parameters that you could use to model the
weights in kilograms of female 18-year-old students. [2]

62. O/N 10/P63/Q2

In a probability distribution the random variable X takes the value x with probability kx, where x takes
values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 only.

(i) Draw up a probability distribution table for X , in terms of k, and find the value of k. [3]

(ii) Find E(X ). [2]

63. M/J 10/P62/Q6

A small farm has 5 ducks and 2 geese. Four of these birds are to be chosen at random. The random
variable X represents the number of geese chosen.

(i) Draw up the probability distribution of X . [3]

8
(ii) Show that E(X ) = 7 and calculate Var(X ). [3]

(iii) When the farmer’s dog is let loose, it chases either the ducks with probability 53 or the geese with
probability 52 . If the dog chases the ducks there is a probability of 10
1
that they will attack the dog.
3
If the dog chases the geese there is a probability of 4 that they will attack the dog. Given that the
dog is not attacked, find the probability that it was chasing the geese. [4]

64. M/J 10/P61/Q1

The probability distribution of the discrete random variable X is shown in the table below.

x −3 −1 0 4
P(X = x) a b 0.15 0.4

Given that E(X ) = 0.75, find the values of a and b. [4]

Page 258
65. M/J 10/P63/Q5
Set A consists of the ten digits 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 4.

Set B consists of the seven digits 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2.

One digit is chosen at random from each set. The random variable X is defined as the sum of these
two digits.

(i) Show that P(X = 2) = 37 . [2]

(ii) Tabulate the probability distribution of X . [2]

(iii) Find E(X ) and Var(X ). [3]

(iv) Given that X = 2, find the probability that the digit chosen from set A was 2. [2]

66. O/N 9/P61/Q2

The probability distribution of the random variable X is shown in the following table.

x −2 −1 0 1 2 3
P(X = x) 0.08 p 0.12 0.16 q 0.22

The mean of X is 1.05.

(i) Write down two equations involving p and q and hence find the values of p and q. [4]

(ii) Find the variance of X . [2]

67. M/J 9/P6/Q2

Gohan throws a fair tetrahedral die with faces numbered 1, 2, 3, 4. If she throws an even number then
her score is the number thrown. If she throws an odd number then she throws again and her score is
the sum of both numbers thrown. Let the random variable X denote Gohan’s score.
5
(i) Show that P(X = 2) = 16
. [2]

(ii) The table below shows the probability distribution of X .

x 2 3 4 5 6 7
5 1 3 1 1 1
P(X = x) 16 16 8 8 16 16

Calculate E(X ) and Var(X ). [4]

Page 259
 68. O/N 8/P6/Q7
A fair die has one face numbered 1, one face numbered 3, two faces numbered 5 and two faces
numbered 6.

(i) Find the probability of obtaining at least 7 odd numbers in 8 throws of the die. [4]

The die is thrown twice. Let X be the sum of the two scores. The following table shows the possible
values of X .
Second throw
1 3 5 5 6 6
1 2 4 6 6 7 7
3 4 6 8 8 9 9
First 5 6 8 10 10 11 11
throw 5 6 8 10 10 11 11
6 7 9 11 11 12 12
6 7 9 11 11 12 12

(ii) Draw up a table showing the probability distribution of X . [3]

(iii) Calculate E(X ). [2]

(iv) Find the probability that X is greater than E(X ). [2]

69. M/J 8/P6/Q6

Every day Eduardo tries to phone his friend. Every time he phones there is a 50% chance that his
friend will answer. If his friend answers, Eduardo does not phone again on that day. If his friend does
not answer, Eduardo tries again in a few minutes’ time. If his friend has not answered after 4 attempts,
Eduardo does not try again on that day.

(i) Draw a tree diagram to illustrate this situation. [3]

(ii) Let X be the number of unanswered phone calls made by Eduardo on a day. Copy and complete
the table showing the probability distribution of X . [4]

x 0 1 2 3 4
P(X = x) 1
4

(iii) Calculate the expected number of unanswered phone calls on a day. [2]

70. O/N 7/P6/Q2

The random variable X takes the values −2, 0 and 4 only. It is given that P(X = −2) = 2p, P(X = 0) = p
and P(X = 4) = 3p.
(i) Find p. [2]
(ii) Find E(X ) and Var(X ). [4]
71. M/J 7/P6/Q7
A vegetable basket contains 12 peppers, of which 3 are red, 4 are green and 5 are yellow. Three
peppers are taken, at random and without replacement, from the basket.

(i) Find the probability that the three peppers are all different colours. [3]

12
(ii) Show that the probability that exactly 2 of the peppers taken are green is 55
. [2]

(iii) The number of green peppers taken is denoted by the discrete random variable X . Draw up a
probability distribution table for X . [5]

Page 260
72. O/N 6/P6/Q2
The discrete random variable X has the following probability distribution.

x 0 1 2 3 4
P(X = x) 0.26 q 3q 0.05 0.09

(i) Find the value of q. [2]

(ii) Find E(X ) and Var(X ). [3]

73. O/N 5/P6/Q5

A box contains 300 discs of different colours. There are 100 pink discs, 100 blue discs and 100 orange
discs. The discs of each colour are numbered from 0 to 99. Five discs are selected at random, one at
a time, with replacement. Find
(i) the probability that no orange discs are selected, [1]
(ii) the probability that exactly 2 discs with numbers ending in a 6 are selected, [3]
(iii) the probability that exactly 2 orange discs with numbers ending in a 6 are selected, [2]
(iv) the mean and variance of the number of pink discs selected. [2]

74. O/N 5/P6/Q6

In a competition, people pay $1 to throw a ball at a target. If they hit the target on the first throw they
receive $5. If they hit it on the second or third throw they receive $3, and if they hit it on the fourth or
fifth throw they receive $1. People stop throwing after the first hit, or after 5 throws if no hit is made.
Mario has a constant probability of 15 of hitting the target on any throw, independently of the results of
other throws.

(i) Mario misses with his first and second throws and hits the target with his third throw. State how
much profit he has made. [1]

(ii) Show that the probability that Mario’s profit is $0 is 0.184, correct to 3 significant figures. [2]

(iii) Draw up a probability distribution table for Mario’s profit. [3]

(iv) Calculate his expected profit. [2]

75. M/J 5/P6/Q3

A fair dice has four faces. One face is coloured pink, one is coloured orange, one is coloured green
and one is coloured black. Five such dice are thrown and the number that fall on a green face are
counted. The random variable X is the number of dice that fall on a green face.
(i) Show that the probability of 4 dice landing on a green face is 0.0146, correct to 4 decimal places.
[2]
(ii) Draw up a table for the probability distribution of X , giving your answers correct to 4 decimal
places. [5]

Page 261
76. O/N 4/P6/Q6
A box contains five balls numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Three balls are drawn randomly at the same time
from the box.

(i) By listing all possible outcomes (123, 124, etc.), find the probability that the sum of the three
numbers drawn is an odd number. [2]

The random variable L denotes the largest of the three numbers drawn.

(ii) Find the probability that L is 4. [1]

(iii) Draw up a table to show the probability distribution of L. [3]

(iv) Calculate the expectation and variance of L. [3]

77. M/J 4/P6/Q3

Two fair dice are thrown. Let the random variable X be the smaller of the two scores if the scores are
different, or the score on one of the dice if the scores are the same.

(i) Copy and complete the following table to show the probability distribution of X . [3]

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
P(X = x)

(ii) Find E(X ). [2]

78. O/N 3/P6/Q8

A discrete random variable X has the following probability distribution.

x 1 2 3 4
P(X = x) 3c 4c 5c 6c

(i) Find the value of the constant c. [2]

(ii) Find E(X ) and Var(X ). [4]

(iii) Find P
X > E(X ). [2]

Page 262
9709/52 1. M/J 22/P52/Q2 Unit- 4.1 Discrete Random Variables May/June 2022

Question Answer Marks Guidance

1(a) B1 Table with correct X values and at least one probability.

x 2 3 4 5 6
Condone any additional X values if probability stated as 0.
p 1 4 10 12 9
B1 3 correct probabilities linked with correct outcomes.
36 36 36 36 36 Accept 3 sf decimals.
0.02778 0.1111 0.2778 0.3333 0.25 B1 2 further correct probabilities linked with correct outcomes.
Accept 3 sf decimals.

3 SC B1 for 5 probabilities (0 < p <1) that sum to 1 with less than

3 correct probabilities.

1(b) If method FT from their incorrect (a), expressions for E(X) and Var(X) must be seen at the stage shown in bold (or less simplified) in the scheme
with all probabilities < 1.

ª 1 u 2  4 u 3  10 u 4  12 u 5  9 u 6 º 2  12  40  60  54 M1 Accept unsimplified expression. May be calculated in variance.

«E X » 36 FT their table with 4 or more probabilities summing to
¬ 36 ¼
0.999 င total င 1 (0 < p <1).

ª 1 u 22  4 u 32  10 u 42  12 u 52  9 u 62 2 º M1 Appropriate variance formula using their (E(X))2 value.

« Var X  their E X » FT their table with 3 or more probabilities (0 < p <1) which
¬ 36 ¼ need not sum to 1 and the calculation in bold (or less
2
1 u 4  4 u 9  10 u 16  12 u 25  9 u 36 § 14 · simplified) seen.
 ¨ their ¸
36 © 3 ¹
ª 4  36  160  300  324 § 14 · º
2

«  ¨ their ¸ »
«¬ 36 © 3 ¹ »¼

168 14 A1 Answers for E(X) and Var(X) must be identified.

E X , , 4.67 E(X) may be identified by correct use in Variance.
36 3
Condone E, V, ȝ, ı2 etc.
10 1 1440
Var X , 1 , 1.11, If M0 earned SC B1 for identified correct final answers.
9 9 1296

Page 263
 2. M/J 22/P51/Q4/a

2(a) 1 B1 Clear statement of unevaluated correct

a  P(1 head) = 0.7   0.5   0.3   0.5   3 =
3 3

5 1
calculation  . AG
5

3 M1 Clear statement of unevaluated calculation for

b  0.7  0.53  3  0.3  0.53  3  either b or c
8
3
c  0.7  0.53  3  0.3  0.53  A1 For either b or c correct
10
 27  B1 FT 27
 or c  40  b  their b  their c 
  40

3. M/J 22/P53/Q3 4

3(a) 1 B1 SOI
k (4k+ k +4k +9k = 18k = 1)
18

M1 Table with correct x values and at least one

x 2 1 2 3
probability accurate using their k.
Values need not be in order, lines may not be
4 1 4 9
P(X=x) drawn, may be vertical, x and P(X=x) may be
18 18 18 18 omitted.
Condone any additional X values if probability
stated as 0.

A1 Remaining probabilities correct.

Page 264
3. M/J 22/P53/Q3

3(b)  4  2  1  1  4  2  9  3  M1 8k  k  8k  27k

E  X   18
 May be implied by use in Variance. Accept
 
unsimplified expression.
8  1  8  27
FT their table if probabilities sum to 1 or 0.999.
18 SC B1 28k.

 4  (2) 2  1  12  4  22  9  32  M1 16k  k  16k  81k  (their mean)2

    their E  X  
2
 Var X   FT their table even if probabilities not summing to
 18  1.
2
16  1  16  81  28  114
  their E  X   M1.
2
=   their  Note: If table is correct,
18  18  18
SC B1 114k – (their mean)2.

14 5 317 74 A1 Answers for E(X) and Var(X) must be identified.

E(X) = , 1 , 1.56 , Var (X) = , 3 , 3.91
9 9 81 81 3 3.91 ⩽ Var(X) ⩽ 3.914

4. O/N 21/P52/Q3

4(a) For one yellow: YGG + GYG +GGY M1 a b c

× × , 0 < a,b,c integers ⩽ 5, for one arrangement.
5 4 3 9 8 7
× × ×3
9 8 7
M1 Their three-factor probability × 3, 3C1, 3C2 or 3P1, (or repeated adding)
no additional terms.

 180  5 A1 AG. Convincingly shown, including identifying possible scenarios,

 504 =  14 may be on tree diagram WWW.
 

Alternative method for question 3(a)

5
C1 × 4 C2 M1 5
C1 × 4 C2
9 9
, r = 2, 3, 4
C3 Cr

M1 5
Cs × 4 Ct
9
,s+t=3
C3

 30  5 A1 AG. Convincingly shown, WWW.

 84 =  14 3
 

Page 265
4. O/N 21/P52/Q3

4(b) B1 Table with correct X values and one correct probability inserted
X 0 1 2 3
appropriately.
P(X) Condone any additional X values if probability stated as 0.
24 180 240 60
504 504 504 504 B1 Second identified correct probability, may not be in table.
 1   5   10   5 
 = 21 ,   = 14 ,   = 21 ,   = 42 ,  B1 All probabilities identified and correct .
       
 0.0476   0.357   0.476   0.119 
SC if less than 2 correct probabilities or X value(s) omitted:
SC B1 3 or 4 probabilities summing to one.

4(c) 840 5 B1 OE Must be evaluated.

[E(X) =] , , 1.67 SC B1 FT correct unsimplified expression from incorrect 3(b) using at
504 3
least 3 probabilities, 0 < p < 1.

5. O/N 21/P51/Q4

5(a) x -1 0 1 2 3 B1 0 1 2 2
p 1 2 4 3 2
= 0.0833 = 0.167 = 0.333 = 0.25 = 0.167
12 12 12 12 12 –1 –1 0 1 1

0 0 1 2 2

1 1 2 3 3

Table with x values and at least one probability

substituted, 0 < p < 1.
Condone any additional x values if probability stated as 0.

B1 2 correct identified probabilities.

B1 All probabilities correct (accept to 3sf).

SC if less than 2 correct probabilities:

SC B1 4 or 5 probabilities summing to one.

Page 266
5. O/N 21/P51/Q4

5(b) 1 4 6 6  15  M1 May be implied by use in Variance, accept unsimplified

E(X) = − + + + =
12 12 12 12  12  expression.
Probabilities must sum to 1 ± 0.001.

1 4 12 18  15 
2 M1 Appropriate variance formula using their (E(X))2 . FT
Var (X) = +0+ + + −  accept probabilities not summing to 1.
12 12 12 12  12  2
35  15  35 25
Condone −   or − from correct table.
12  12  12 9

 35 25  65 A1 WWW
 12 − 16 =  48 , 1.35
 

6. O/N 21/P53/Q6

6(a) p + q + 0.65 = 1 B1 Sum of probabilities = 1.

p + 2q + 0.15 = 0.55 B1 Use given information.

Solve 2 linear equations M1 Either a single expression with one variable eliminated
formed or two expressions with both variables on the
same side seen with at least one variable value stated.

3 1 A1 CAO, both WWW

p = 0.3, , q = 0.05, If M0 with correct answers SC B1.
10 20

6(b) Var (X) = their 0.3 + 4 × their 0.05 + 9 × 0.05 − 0.552 M1 Appropriate variance formula including (E(X))2, accept
unsimplified.

é 259 ù A1 CAO (must be exact).

0.6475 ê ú
êë 400 úû

Page 267
 6. O/N 21/P53/Q6

6(c) 1 – P(0, 1, 2) = 1 – (12C0 0.30 0.712 + 12C1 0.31 0.711 + 12C2 0.32 0.710) M1 One correct term: 12Cx px (1 – p)12–x for 0 < x < 12,
0 < p <1.

1 – (0.01384 + 0.07118 + 0.16779) A1FT Correct unsimplified expression, or better in final answer.
Unsimplified expression must be seen to FT their p from
6(a) or correct.

0.747 A1

6(d) ( 0.95)
8
× 0.05 = 0.0332 or 0.958 − 0.959 = 0.0332 B1 Evaluated.

7. M/J 21/P52/Q4

7(a) B1 Table with correct X values and at least one probability

X –1 0 1 2 3
Condone any additional X values if probability stated as 0.
1 2 1 3 2
P(X) B1 2 correct probabilities linked with correct outcomes, may not be
9 9 9 9 9 in table.

B1 3 further correct probabilities linked with correct outcomes, may

not be in table.

SC if less than 2 correct probabilities seen, award

SCB1 for sum of their 4 or 5 probabilities in table = 1

7(b)  −1 × 1 + ( 0 × 2 ) + 1 × 1 + 2 × 3 + 3 × 2  M1 May be implied by use in variance, accept unsimplified

E ( X ) = = expression.
 9  FT their table if their 3 or more probabilities sum to 1 or 0.999
−1 + 1 + 6 + 6
9

[Var (X) =] M1 Appropriate variance formula using their (E(X))2 value.


( )
 −12 × 1 + 02 × 2 + 12 × 1 + 22 × 3 + 32 × 2
− ( their E ( X ) ) 
2
 FT their table even if their 3 or more probabilities not summing
to 1.
 9 
 
1 + 0 + 1 + 12 + 18
− ( their E ( X ) )
2

9 Page 268
7. M/J 21/P52/Q4

4 16 A1 Answers for E(X) and Var(X) must be identified

E(X ) = or 1.33 and Var ( X ) = or 1.78
3 9

3 N.B. If method FT for M marks from their incorrect (b),

expressions for E(X) and Var(X) must be seen unsimplified with
all probabilities <1

8. M/J 21/P51/Q7

8(a) 4 3 3 M1 m n o 1
P ( X = 3) = × × × × used throughout. condone use of
7 6 5 7 6 5 2

6 A1 AG.
35 The fractions must be identified, e.g. P(NC, NC, C), may
be seen in a tree diagram.

8(b) B1 Table with x values and at least one probability

x 1 2 3 4 5
Condone any additional x values if probability stated as
15 10 6 3 1 0.
p
35 35 35 35 35
B1 One correct probability other than X = 3 linked to the
correct outcome

B1 Two further correct probabilities other than X = 3 seen

linked to the correct outcome

B1FT All probabilities correct, or at least 4 probabilities

summing to 1

Page 269
8. M/J 21/P51/Q7

Question Answer Marks Guidance

8(c) 15 10 6 3 1 M1 At least 4 correct terms FT their values in (a) with
[E(X) = 1× + 2× + 3× + 4× + 5× ] probabilities summing to 1
35 35 35 35 35
May be implied by use in Variance, accept unsimplified
expression.
15 + 20 + 18 + 12 + 5  70 
E(X ) =  = = 2
35  35 

12 × 15 + 22 × 10 + 32 × 6 + 42 × 3 + 52 × 1 2  M1 Appropriate variance formula using their (E(X))2.

Var ( X ) =  −2 = FT their table accept probabilities not summing to 1.
 35 
15 + 40 + 54 + 48 + 25 2
−2
35

 182  6 A1 N.B. If method FT for M marks from their incorrect (b),

 = 35 − 4  = 5 expressions for E(X) and Var(X) must be seen
 
unsimplified with all probabilities <1

9. M/J 21/P53/Q2

9 p + p + 0.1 + q + q = 1 B1 Sum of probabilities = 1

0.1 + 2q = 3(2p) B1 Use given information

Attempt to solve two correct equations in p and q M1 Either use of Substitution method to form a single
equation in either p or q and finding values for both
unknowns.
Or use of Elimination method by writing both
equations in same form (usually ap + bq = c ) and +
or – to find an equation in one unknown and finding
values for both unknowns.

1 13 A1 CAO, both WWW

p= or 0.125 and q = or 0.325
8 40

Page 270
10. O/N 20/P52/Q2

10(a) 5 3 2 M1 a b c 5 3 2
P(1 red) = × × ×3 × × × k or × × × 3 , 1⩽ a,b,c ⩽ 5, d ,e ,f ⩽8, a, b, c,
8 7 6 8 7 6 d e f
d, e, f, k all integers.1 < k ⩽ 3,

15 A1 AG, WWW
56

Alternative method for question 2(a)

5
C1 × 3 C2 M1 a
C1 × b C2 5
C d × 3 Ce
8 8
or 8
or
C3 C3 C3
5
(
Cd × 3 Ce or a C1 × b C 2 ) ,
5
C3 × C0 + C2 × C1 + C1 × C 2 + 5 C0 × 3 C3
3 5 3 5 3

a + b = 8, d + e = 3

15 A1 15
AG, WWW, must be seen
56 2 56

10(b) B1 Probability distribution table with correct outcomes with at least

x 0 1 2 3
one probability less than 1, allow extra outcome values if
Prob. probability of zero stated.
1 15 30 15 10 5
= =
56 56 56 28 56 28 B1 2 of P(0), P(2) and P(3) correct
0·0179 0·268 0·536 0·179 B1 FT 4th probability correct or FT sum of 3 or more probabilities = 1,
with P(1) correct

10(c) (02 × 1) + 12 × 15 + 22 × 30 + 32 × 10  15 
2 M1 Substitute their attempts at scores in correct variance formula,
Var(X) = −  must have ‘ – mean2’ (FT if mean calculated) (condone
56 8 probabilities not summing to 1 for this mark)
2
15 120 90  15 
= + + − 
56 56 56  8 

225 A1
, 0·502
448

2
Page 271
11. O/N 20/P51/Q4

11(a) B1
y 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

7 5 3 1 1 1 1 2 3
prob
16 16 16 16
2 1 2 1 2

3 2 1 3 1

4 3 2 1 4

Probability distribution table with correct scores with at least

one probability, allow extra score values if probability of zero
stated’

B1 One probability (linked with correct score) correct

B1 2 more probs (linked with correct scores) correct

B1 FT 4th prob correct, FT sum of 3 or 4 terms = 1

11(b) 5 M1 their P ( 2 )
seen or correct outcome space.
P(2|even) = 16 their P ( 2 ) + their P ( 4 )
6
16

5 A1
or 0·833
6

Page 272
12. O/N 20/P53/Q6

12(a) Scenarios: M1 One 3 factor probability with 3, 3, 5 as denominators

2 2 1 4
HHT: × × = M1 3 factor probabilities for 2 or 3 correct scenarios added, no
3 3 5 45
2 1 4 8 incorrect scenarios
HTH: × × =
3 3 5 45
1 2 4 8
THH: × × =
3 3 5 45

20 4 A1 AG, Total of 3 products with clear context

Total = =
45 9

12(b) B1 Probability distribution table with correct outcomes with at least

x 0 1 2 3
one probability, allow extra outcome values if probability of
Prob. zero stated’
1 8 20 16
45 45 45 45 B1 2 of P(0), P(1) and P(3) correct

B1 FT 3 or 4 probabilities sum to 1 with P(2) correct

12(c) 02 × 1 + 12 × 8 + 22 × 20 + 32 × 16  32 
2 M1 Substitute their attempts at scores in correct variance formula,
Var(X) = −  must have ‘– mean2’ (FT if calculated) (condone probs not
45  15  summing to 1); must be at least 2 non-zero values
2
8 80 144  32 
= + + − 
45 45 45  15 

136 A1
or 0.604
225

Page 273
13. M/J 20/P52/Q5

13(a) M1
1 1 2 2 3

1 1 1 2 2 3

2 2 2 2 2 3

3 3 3 3 3 3

7 A1
AG
15

13(b) B1
x 1 2 3

Probability 2 6 7
15 15 15

P(1) or P(2) correct B1

3rd probability correct, FT sum to 1 B1

Page 274
14. M/J 20/P51/Q3

Question Answer Marks

14(a) Median = 0.238 B1

UQ = 0.245, LQ = 0.231, M1
So IQR = 0.245 – 0.231

0.014 A1

14(b)
LQ M UQ

A 0.231 0.238 0.245

0.220 0.254
FT FT FT

B 0.211 0.224 0.232 0.243 0.256

Medians and quartiles correctly plotted for A or B B1

End points correct for A or B B1

Completely correct, including scale B1

14(c) Lengths of rods produced by machineA are longer. B1

(B1 for comparison of central tendency)

Lengths of rods produced by machine A are less spread out B1

(B1 for comparison of spread)

Page 275
 15. M/J 20/P53/Q4

15(a)
–1 0 0 1

0 1 1 2

2 3 3 4

x –1 0 1 2 3 4

Probability 1 3 3 2 2 1
12 12 12 12 12 12

Probability distribution table with correct scores with at least one probability B1

At least 4 probabilities correct B1

All probabilities correct B1

15(b) −1 + 0 + 3 + 4 + 6 + 4 16 4 B1
E(X) = = =
12 12 3

1 + 0 + 3 + 8 + 18 + 16  4 
2 M1
Var(X) = − 
12 3

37 A1
(= 2.06)
18

Page 276
16. MAR 20/P52/Q2

(a) 2 3
 1  2   1  2   1  2 
4 M1 One correct term with 0 < p < 1
   +    +   
 3  3   3  3   3  3 

4 8 16  2432  A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified

= + + = 
27 81 243  7776 

76 A1
= or 0.313
243

(b) B1 Probability distribution table with correct values of x, no

x 0 1 2 3
additional values unless with probability of 0 stated, at least
one non-zero probability included
8 12 6 1
P(x)
27 27 27 27

2
3 B1 1 correct probability seen (may not be in table)
P(0) =   or 3 or 4 non-zero probabilities summing to 1
3
2
 1  2 
P(1) =    × 3 B1 All probabilities correct
 3  3 
2
 2  1 
P(2) =    × 3
 3  3 
3
1
P(3) =  
3
3

(c)  8 12 6 1 M1 Correct method from their probability distribution table with at

E(X) = 0 ×  + 1 × + 2× + 3× least 3 terms, 0 ⩽ their P(x) ⩽ 1, accept unsimplified
 27  27 27 27
 0  12 12 3
=  + + +
 27  27 27 27

=1 A1

Page 277
17. O/N 19/P62/Q5

Question Answer Marks Guidance

17(i) B1 Table with correct values of x, at least 1 probability, all

probabilities ⩽ 1
x –1 0 1 2 3 4

p 1 1 3 2 3 2
12 12 12 12 12 12

B1 2 probabilities correct, may not be in table

B1 2 more probabilities correct, may not be in table

B1 All correct, values in table

SC1 No more than 1 correct probability and at least 5
probabilities summing to 1 in table

17(ii)  −1 + 0 + 3 + 4 + 9 + 8  23 M1 May be implied by use in variance. Allow unsimplified

[E(X)] =  = expression
 12  12

1 + 0 + 3 + 8 + 27 + 32 ( = 71)  23  2 M1 Appropriate variance formula using their E(X)2

[Var(X)] = − 
12  12 

323 35 A1 CAO
2.24 or or 2
144 144

18. O/N 19/P61/Q4

(i) 1 3 M1 Unsimplified sum of probabilities equated to 1

+ + p + p + + 4p =1
4 8

1 A1 If method FT from their incorrect (i), expressions for E(X) and

p= Var(X) must be seen unsimplified with all probabilities <1,
16
condone not adding to 1

Page 278
18. O/N 19/P61/Q4

(ii) 1 1 6 25 M1 May be implied by use in Variance, accept unsimplified

[E(X)] = − + + + 1 =
4 16 8 16

1 1 12 16  25 
2 M1 Substitute into correct variance formula, must have
[Var(X)] = + + + −  their  ‘– their mean2’
4 16 8 4  16 

863 A1 OE
or 3.37
256

(iii) 3 M1 Conditional probability formula used consistent with their

P ( X = 2) probabilities
P(X = 2|X >0) = = 8
P(X > 0) 11
16

6 A1
or 0.545
11

19. O/N 19/P63/Q6

(i) 3 2 3 B1 OE
P(RR) = × =
8 7 28

(ii) P(RW) + P(WR) M1 Method shown, numerical calculations identified, may

3 5 5 3 include replacements
× + ×
8 7 8 7

15 A1 AG, Fully correct calculations

=
28

Alternative method for question 6(ii)

1 – (P(RR) + P(WW) M1 Method shown, numerical calculations identified, may

 3 5 4 include replacements
1−  + × 
 28 8 7 

15 A1 AG, Fully correct calculations

=
28

Page 279
19. O/N 19/P63/Q6

19(iii) 3 2 3 M1 Conditional probability formula used consistent with their

× probabilities or correct
their (i) 8 7
P(first red|second red) = = = 28
5 3 3 2 5 3 21
their (i) + × × + ×
8 7 8 7 8 7 56

2 A1 OE
=
7

(iv) B1 Probability distribution table with correct values of x and at

x 0 1 2
least one correct probability placed. Extra x values allowed
p with probability of zero stated.
10 15 3
28 28 28

B1FT Fully correct

FT P(2) = their (i), P(1) = their (ii), Σ(p) = 1.

(v) 30 12 42  3  B1 May be implied by use in variance formula

E(X) = + = = 
56 56 46  4 

30 24  3
2 M1 Substitute into correct variance formula, must have
Var(X) = + −  their  ‘ – their mean2’
56 56  4
Must be for 2 or more non-zero x-values

45 A1 Correct final answer

or 0.402
112

Page 280
20. M/J 19/P61/Q6

(i) P(loses $1) = P( F and F) = 0.8 × 0.8 M1 0.8 x 0.8 or (1 – 0.2)(1-0.2) or P(F) × P(F) or P(F)+P(F) seen or
implied

= 0.64 AG A1 Must see probabilities multiplied together with final answer and a
clear probability statement or implied by labelled tree diagram

(ii) B1 –1 linked with 0.64 in table

Amount
–1 0.50 2
gained ($) B1 0.5 seen in table
Prob 0.16 0.2 B1 0.16 seen in table linked to their 0.5

B1 FT P(2.00 gained) = 0.36 – P(0.50 gained) or correct, and all

amount gained linked correctly in table

(iii) E(winnings) = –1 × 0.64 + 0.5 × 0.16 + 2 × 0.2 B1 FT Accept ($)0.16 or 16 cents loss. FT unsimplified E(winnings)
= –($)0.16, –16 cents from their table provided Σp = 1

21. M/J 19/P63/Q6

(i) B1 Probability distribution table with correct scores, allow extra score
score 1 2 3 4 6 9 values if probability of zero stated
prob 3 4 4 1 2 1 B1 2 probabilities (with correct score) correct
15 15 15 15 15 15
B1 3 or more correct probabilities with correct scores

B1 FT Σp = 1, at least 4 probabilities

Page 281
9709/63 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2019
Question Answer Marks Guidance
(ii) (3 + 8 + 12 + 4 + 12 + 9) 48 B1
mean = = (3.2)
15 15

(3 + 16 + 36 + 16 + 72 + 81) M1 FT Substitute their attempts at scores in correct var formula,

− ( their 3.2 )
2
Var = must have “– mean2 ” (condone probabilities not summing to 1)
15

224  352  A1
= – 3.22 = 4.69  
15  75 

(iii) Score of 4, 6, 9 M1 Identifying relevant scores from their mean and their table

4 A1 Correct answer
Prob (0.267)
15
SC B1 for 4/15 with no working

22. Mar 19/P62/Q4

(i) B1 Probability distribution table with correct values of x, no additional

x −1 1 2 3 values unless with probability 0 stated, at least one correct
probability including k
p k k 4k 9k

15k = 1, M1 Equating Σp = 1, may be implied by answer

1 A1 If 0 scored, SCB2 for probability distribution table with correct

k= numerical probabilities.
15

Page 282
22. Mar 19/P62/Q4

(ii) Method 1

35 7 B1FT FT if 0< their k<1

E(X) = 8k + 27k = 35k = =
15 3

Var(X) = ( k + k + 16k + 81k ) − ( 35k ) M1 Correct formula for variance, in terms of k at least – must have ‘–
2

mean2’(ft).

52 A1
= 1.16 ,
45

Method 2

8 27 35 7 B1FT FT if 0< their k<1

E(X) = + = =
15 15 15 3

1 1 16 81  7 
2 M1 Subst their values in correct var formula – must have
Var(X) = + + + −  ‘– mean2’(ft) (condone probs not summing to exactly 1)
15 15 15 15  3 

= 1.16 (= 52/45) A1 Using their values from (i)

23. O/N 18/P62/Q6

(i) B1 –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3 seen as top line of a pdf table with at least 1
x –2 –1 0 1 2 3 probability OR attempting to evaluate P(–2), P(–1), P(0), P(1), P(2),
P(3) (condone additional values with p=0 stated)
p 1 2 3 3 2 1
12 12 12 12 12 12

B1 At least 4 probs correct (need not be in table)

B1 All probs correct in a table

Page 283
23. O/N 18/P62/Q6

(ii) −2 × 1 − 1 × 2 + 0 + 1 × 3 + 2 × 2 + 1 × 3 M1 Unsimplified expression for mean using their pdf table (or correct)
E(X) = = 0.5 with at least 2 non-zero values (may be seen in variance).
12
Numerator terms may be implied by values.

( −2 )2 × 1 + ( −1)2 × 2 + 12 × 3 + 22 × 2 + 32 × 1 − M1 Unsimplified expression for variance using their pdf table (or
Var(X) = ( their 0.5)2 correct) with at least 2 non-zero values and their E(X). Numerator
12 terms may be implied by values. If –k2 is seen for (–k)2, the method
must be confirmed by seeing value used correctly

26/12 −1/4 = 23/12 A1 Correct final answer

(iii) Method 1

P(X non-zero) = 9/12 B1ft If Binomial distribution used 0/3

P(X non-zero) ft from their pdf table, Σp=1 oe

3 M1 Their P(X = 1)/their P(X non-zero) from their pdf table oe

P ( X = 1∩ X non − zero ) 12
P(X = 1 | X non-zero) = =
P ( X non − zero ) 9
12

= 1/3 oe A1 Correct final answer www

Method 2

Number of outcomes = 1 B1ft Number of non-zero outcomes (expect 9) ft from their outcome
P(X = 1 | X non-zero) = table or pdf table numerators oe
Number of non − zero outcomes

M1 a/b, a = their 3 from their outcome table or pdf table numerators,

b = their 9 (not 12)

3 1 A1 Correct final answer www

= = oe
9 3

Page 284
Question 24. O/N 18/P61/Q2 Answer Marks Guidance

(i) 6 p + 0.1 = 1 B1 Correct answer

p = 0.15

(ii) Var( X) =1 × p +1 × 2p + 4×2p + 16 × 0.1 – 1.152 M1 Correct unsimplified formula, their p substituted (allow 1 error)

0.15 + 0 + 0.3 + 1.2 + 1.6 – 1.152 A1 Correct answer

= 1.9275 = 1.93 (3sf)

25. O/N 18/P63/Q2

(i) B1 –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3 seen as top line of a pdf table OR attempting to

x −2 −1 0 1 2 3 evaluate P(–2), P(–1), P(0), P(1), P(2), P(3),
P(X = x) 2 4 5 4 2 1
18 18 18 18 18 18

B1 At least 4 probs correct (need not be in table)

B1 All probs correct in a table

(ii) −4 − 4 + 0 + 4 + 4 + 3 1 M1 Correct unsimplified expression for the mean using their table,
E(X) = = Σp = 1, may be implied
18 6

8+4+0+4+8+9 1
2 M1 Correct, unsimplified expression for the variance using their table,
Var(X) = −  and their mean2 subtracted.
18 6
Allow Σp ≠ 1
=11/6 – 1/36 (1.8333 – 0.02778)

= 65/36, (1.81) A1 Correct answer

Page 285
26. O/N 17/P62/Q3

(i) EITHER: (M1 2 1 4

2 1 4 probabilities in order × × , p, q, r ⩽ 6 and p⩾ q ⩾ r, r ⩾ 4,
P(X = 3) = P(RRB) = × × p q r
6 5 4 4
accept × 1 as .
r

1 A1) Needs either P(RRB) OE stated or identified on tree diagram.

= AG
15

OR1: (M1 4
C1 4
C 2 4
C1 probabilities stated clearly, × 4
or × 1 or × included
P(X = 3) = P(RRB) = 6 2 × C1 4
4
C2 C1

1 A1) Needs either P(RRB) OE stated or identified on tree diagram.

= AG
15

OR2: (M1 2
C1 1
C1 4
C1
2
C1 C1 4
C1 probabilities in order p
× q
× r
p, q, r ⩽ 6 and
P(X = 3) = P(RRB) = × 5 1 × C1 C1 C1
6 4
C1 C1 C1 p ⩾ q⩾ r, r ⩾ 4
4
C 4
(× 4 1 or × 1 or × acceptable)
C1 4

= 1/15 AG A1) Needs either P(RRB) OE stated or identified on tree diagram.

(ii) 4 2 B1 Probability distribution table drawn with at least 2 correct x values

P(1) = P(B) = ( = 0.667) and at least 1 probability. All probabilities 0 ⩽ p < 1.
6 3
2 4 4
P(2) = P(RB) = × = (= 0.267) B1 P(1) or P(2) correct unsimplified, or better, and identified.
6 5 15
2 1 4 1 B1 All probabilities in table, evaluated correctly OE. Additional x values
P(3) = P(RRB) = × × = (= 0.0667)
6 5 4 15 must have a stated probability of 0

x 1 2 3
P 10 4 1
15 15 15

3
Page 286
9709/61 27. O/N 17/P61/Q1 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2017

Question Answer Marks Guidance

27 p + q = 0.45 M1 Equation involving ΣP(x) = 1

0.15+ 2p + 1.2 + 6q = 3.05 M1 Equation using E(X) = 3.05

q = 0.2 M1 Solving simultaneous equations to one variable

p = 0.25 A1 Both answers correct

4
28. O/N 17/P63/Q4

(i) x –3 0 5 32 B1 At least 3 different correct values of X (can be unsimplified)

Prob 1/6 1/2 1/6 1/6 B1 Four correct probabilities in a Probability Distribution table

B1 Correct probs with correct values of X

(ii) E( X) = –3/6 + 5/6 + 32/6 = 34/6 = 17/3 (5.67) M1 Subst their attempts at scores in correct formula as long as ‘probs’
sum to 1

Var(X) = 9/6 + 25/6 + 1024/6 – (34/6)2 M1 Subst their attempts at scores in correct var formula

A1 Both answers correct

 1298 
= 144  
 9 

Page 287
9709/62 29. M/J 17/P62/Q3 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2017

Question Answer Marks Guidance

(i) k (–2)2 is the same as k (2)2 = 4k B1 need to see –22 k, 22k and 4k, algebraically correct
expressions OE

Total: 1

(ii) x –2 –1 2 4 B1 –2, -1, 2, 4 only seen in a table, together with at least one
attempted probability involving k
Prob 4k k 4k 16k

4k + k + 4k + 16k = 1 M1 Summing 4 probs equating to 1. Must all be positive (table

not required)

k = 1/25 (0.04) A1 CWO

Total: 3

(iii) E( X) = –8k + –k + 8k + 64k = 63k M1 using Σpx unsimplified. FT their k substituted before this
stage, no inappropriate dividing

= 63/25 (2.52) A1

Total: 2

Page 288
 30. O/N 16/P62/Q2
3
C1 u 9C2 B1 Correct num unsimplified
(i) P(1 T-shirt) = 12
C3 B1 Correct denom unsimplified
= 27/55 AG B1 [3] Answer given, so process needs to be convincing

OR 3/12×9/11×8/10×3C1oe M1 Mult 3 probs diff denoms (not a/3 x b/4 x c/5)

M1 Mult by 3C1 oe
= 27/55 AG A1 Answer given, so process needs to be convincing

(ii) X 0 1 2 3 B1 0, 1, 2, 3 only seen in top line (condone

additional values if Prob stated as 0)
Prob 84/220 27/55 27/220 1/220
B1 One correct prob, correctly placed in table
B1 One other correct prob, correctly placed in table
B1 [4] One other correct prob ft 6p = 1, 4 values in table

31. M/J 16/P62/Q3

31 (i)
x 1 2 3 4 B1 Probability Distribution Table, either k or
P(x) k 2k 3k 4k correct numerical values
10k = 1 M1 Summing probs involving k to = 1, 3 or 4
terms
k = 1/10 A1 [3]

(ii) E(X) = 1/10 + 4/10 + 9/10 + 16/10 = 3 B1 Correct mean

Var(X) = 1/10 + 8/10 + 27/10 + 64/10 – 32 M1 Correct method seen for var, their k and µ
=1 A1 [3]
32. M/J 16/P63/Q1

32 (i) Wears Not Total

specs wears
specs
RH 6 19 25 B1 One correct row or col including total
Not other than the Total row/column
2 3 5
RH
Total 8 22 B1 [2] All correct

(ii) P(X) = 25/30, P(Y) = 8/30 M1 P(X) or P(Y) from their table or correct
from question (denom 30) oe

P(X) × P(Y) = 25/30 × 8/30 = 200/900 = 2/9 M1 Comparing their P(X) × P(Y) (values
P(X∩Y) = 6/30 = 1/5 ≠ P(X) × P(Y) substituted) with their evaluated P(X∩Y) –
not P(X)×P(Y)

Not independent A1 [3]

33. M/J 16/P63/Q3

(i) P(0) = 6/36, P(1) = 10/36, P(2) = 8/36 B1 Table oe seen with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (6 if
P(6) = 0)
B1 Any three probs correct
M1 Σ p = 1 and at least 3 outcomes
P(3) = 6/36, P(4) = 4/36, P(5) = 2/36 A1 [4] All probs correct

(ii) mean score = (0×6+1×10 +16 +18 +16+10)/36 M1 Using Σxp (unsimplified) on its own –
condone
Σ p not =1
= 70/36 (35/18, 1.94) A1 [2]

Page 289
 34. O/N 15/P62/Q6

(i)
Spinner A

1 2 3 3
B1 1
–3 (–2) –1 0 0
Spinner
–2 –1 0 (1) 1
B
–1 0 1 2 2

1 2 3 4 4

(ii) M1 Their values in (i) as the top line, seen

x –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 listed in (ii) or used in part (iii)
M1 Attempt at probs seen evaluated, need at
1 2 4 3 3 1 2 least 4 correct from their table
prob
16 16 16 16 16 16 16 A1 3 Correct table seen

(iii) E(X) = 1 M1 Attempt at E(X) from their table if Σp = 1

Var(X) = ((–2)2 + 2 + 3 + 12 + 9 + 32)/16 – 12 M1 Evaluating Σx2p – [their E(X)]2 allow Σp ≠
62 1 but all p's <1
= –1
16
 23 
=   (2.875) A1 3 Correct answer
 8 
OR using Σp ( x − x) 2 = (9 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 3 + 4 + 18)/16 M1
46
= = 2.875 M1
16 A1

35. O/N 15/P61/Q6

(i) S
0.4
M1 3 pairs S (bank, log in, success oe)
S and F oe seen no extra bits.
0.4
0.6
F S A1 Exactly 3 pairs, must be labelled
0.6 0.4
F
0.6
F A1 [3] Correct diagram with all probs correct

(ii) x 0 1 2 3 B1 P(0) correct

Prob 0.4 0.144 0.216 M1 Multiplying two of more factors of
0.4 and 0.6
A1 One more correct prob
B1 [4] One more correct prob

(iii) E(X) = 0.24+ 2× 0.144 + 3× 0.216 M1 Using Σpixi

= 1.176 (1.18) A1 [2] Correct answer

36. M/J 15/P62/Q5 37. M/J 15/P63/Q4

Page 290
36. M/J 15/P62/Q5

(i) 3 2 2 3 3
P(2Es 1O) = × × × C2 = (0.6) M1 5×4×3 seen in denom
5 4 3 5
M1 Mult a prob by 3C2 oe
A1 3 Correct answer
OR
3
C 2 × 2 C1 6 M1 3
Cx or yC2 or 2C1 oe seen mult by k [ 1 in
P(2Es 1O) = 5
=
C3 10 num
5
M1 C3 seen in denom
= 0.6
A1 Correct answer
OR
241, 247, 261, 267, 461, 467 = 6 options M1 List at least 3 of 241, 247, 261, 267, 461, 467
5
124 126 127 146 147 167 246 247 267 467 M1 C3 or list to get all 10 options in denom
see below
Prob = 6/10 A1 Correct answer

37. M/J 15/P63/Q4

(i) P(1 W) = 6/9×3/8 + 3/9×6/8 M1 summing 2 two-factor probs

(condone replacement) not ½×½ +
½×½
= ½ AG A1 [2] Correct answer, fully justified
6
C1 × 3 C1
OR 9 M1 Using combinations consistent,
C2 correct format
= ½ AG A1 Correct answer, fully justified

(ii) ( )
P W , W = 3/9×2/8 = 6/72 (1/12) B1 Distribution table with 0,1,2 only
P (W , W ) = 6/9×5/8 = 30/72 (5/12)
B1 ( )
P (W , W ) or P W , W correct
x 0 1 2
Prob 1/12 1/2 5/12 B1 [3] P (W , W ) + P (W , W ) = 0.5

(iii) E(X) = 16/12 (4/3) (1.33) isw B1 [1] Condone 1(.3) if correct working
seen, nfww

38. O/N 14/P62/Q4

(i) W = wrong, C = correct

C M1 3 branches first qn and 2 by 2 for second qn
1 only

W
1
2

M1 One branch twice for third qn or two

W
1 1 branches twice with 0 and 1 seen on
3 2 C C branches
1
3 1
W 1
B1 Any two of 13 , 12 and 1 seen as probs
2
W
1
2 A1 4 Probs all correct and sensible labels NB SR
1 for 4 outcomes instead of 3, M1 B1 only
3 C C
M1 2 branches first qn and 1 by 2 for second qn
only

Page 291
38. O/N 14/P62/Q4

C
OR 1 M1 One branch once for third qn or two
1
2 W branches with 0 and 1 seen on branches

W B1 Any two of 13 or 23 , 12 and 1 seen as probs

2 1
3 2 C Probs all correct and sensible labels
A1

1
3 C
39. O/N 14/P61/Q2

(i) 0.24 + 0.35 + 2k + k +0.05 = 1 M1 Summing probs = 1

k = 0.12 A1 2 Correct answer

(ii) model number is 1 B1 1

(iii) mean = 1 × 0.35 + 2 × 0.24 + 3 × 0.12 + B1 1.39 seen

4 × 0.05 M1 Finding P(X > their mean)
P(>1.39) = P(2, 3, 4) = 0.41 B1 3 Correct ans following mean or mode only

40. O/N 14/P63/Q7

(a) (i) P(X = 3) = P(GRR) + P(RGR) M1 Mult 3 probs

2 2 1 2 2 1
× × + × × M1 Summing 2 options
4 3 2 4 3 2
1 3 Correct working with appropriate justification
AG A1
3 and fraction sequencing

(ii)
X 2 3 4 B1 Values 2, 3, 4 only in table
Condone X=0,1 if P(X)=0 stated
Prob 1 1 1
6 3 2
2 1 1
P(X = 2) = P(RR) = × =
4 3 6 B1 One correct prob other than (i)

1 1 1
P(X = 4) = 1 –  +  =
 6 3 2
Or P(GGRR) + P(RGGR) +
P(GRGR)
 2 1 2 1 1
=  × × × ×3 = B1 3 Second correct prob ft 1 – their previous 2
 4 3 2 1  2
probs
(iii) P(3 orange | at least 2 O) =
P(3O)
P(at least 2O)
P(3 orange) = P(OOO) M1 Atttempt at P(OOO) one three-factor option,
5 4 3 2 not added
= × × = A1 Correct unsimplified num of a fraction
7 6 5 7
P(at least 2O) = P(YOO) + P(OYO) +
2
P(OOY) +
7
2 5 4 5 2 4 5 4 2 2
= × × + × × + × × + M1 Attempt at P(at least 2O) sum 3 or 4 three-
7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5 7 factor options
6 A1 Correct unsimplified answer seen anywhere
=
7

Page 292
 Page 7 Mark Scheme Syllabus Paper
Cambridge International AS/A Level – October/November 2014 9709 63

40. O/N 14/P63/Q7

2 6 1 A1 5 Correct answer evaluated
P(30 | at least 2O) = ÷ = (0.333)
7 7 3
Alternative 1
3 Orange = 5C3 M1 Attempt at combinations for 3 orange oe, not
added
A1 Correct unsimplified num of a fraction

At least 2 Orange = 5C2 × 2C1 + 5C3 M1 Attempt at combinations for at least 2 orange
condone omission of +5C3
A1 Correct unsimplified answer seen anywhere
5
C3 1
P(3O | at least 2O) = 5 2 5
= A1 5 Correct answer evaluated
C 2 × C1 + C 3 3

Alternative 2
No Yellow = 2C0 M1 Attempt at combinations for 0 yellow oe, not
added
A1 Correct unsimplified num of a fraction

No more than 1 Yellow = 2C1 + 2C0 M1 Attempt at combinations for no more than 1
yellow. Condone omission of +2C0
A1 Correct unsimplified answer seen anywhere
2
C0 1
P(3O | at least 2O) = 2 2
= A1 5 Correct answer evaluated
C1 + C 0 3

Misread – with replacement

MR–1 applied to first Accuracy Mark earned M1 Attempt at P(OOO) one three factor option oe
5 5 5 125 not added
P(3O) = × × = A1 Correct unsimplified num of a fraction
7 7 7 343

3
5 5 2 5
P(at least 2O) = × × × 3 C 2 +   M1 Attempt at P(at least 2O) sum of 3 or 4 three
7 7 7 7 factor options
A1 Correct unsimplified seen anywhere
5
P(3O | at least 2O) = A1 4 Answer evaluated
11 max

41. M/J 14/P62/Q4

(i) A:P(H) = 2/3, P(T) = 1/3 M1 Using some of 2/3, 1/3, ¼ or 3/4 in a calculation
B: P(H) = ¼, P(T) = 3/4 involving prod of 3 probs

P(1H) = P(HTT) + P(THT) + P(TTH) M1 Summing 3 options not all the same
= (2/3 × 1/3 × 3/4) + (1/3 × 2/3 × 3/4)

+ (1/3 × 1/3 × 1/4) = 13/36 AG A1 3 Correct answer

Page 293
41. M/J 14/P62/Q4

x 0 1 2 3
(ii) B1 0, 1, 2, 3 seen for table no probs needed, table
P 3/36 13/36 16/36 4/36 not absolutely necessary if calcs shown

P(0H) = P(TTT) = 1/3 × 1/3 × 3/4 = 1/12 B1 One prob correct other than (i) condone 0.083
for 0.0833

P(2H) = P(HHT) + P(HTH) + P(THH) B1 A second prob correct need 3 factors can be
= (2/3 × 2/3 × 3/4) + (2/3 × 1/3 × 1/4) implied
+ (1/3 × 2/3 × 1/4) = 4/9 not 2/3 × 2/3

P(3H) = P(HHH) = 2/3 × 2/3 × 1/4 = 1/9 B1 4 A third prob correct ft 23/36 – Σ their 2 probs

(iii) E(X) = 13/36 + 32/36 + 12/36 M1 Attempt to evaluate Σxp at least 3 vals of x in
table
= 57/36 (19/12) (1.58) A1 2 Correct answer

42. M/J 14/P62/Q5

(i) 5! × 3! or 6! B1 5! or 3! or 6! oe seen mult or alone

= 720 B1 2 Correct final answer

(ii) 3**4, 3**8, 4**8 M1 considering at least 2 types of 4-figure options

ending with 4 or 8 and starting with 3 or 4
B1 One option correct unsimplified can be implied
= 5 × 4 + 5 × 4 + 5 × 4 = 60 A1 3 Correct final answer

(iii) 5, *5, **5, M1 Appreciating that the number must end in 5 (can
be implied)
= 1 + 7 + 72 M1 summing numbers ending in 5 with at least 2
different numbers of digits
= 57 A1 3 Correct final answer

43. M/J 14/P61/Q4

6
C 2 15 3 6
Cx / 8Cx seen or 4C2 mult by 4 fractions
(i) P (exactly 2) = = = AG M1
C 4 70 14
8
(last 2 can be implied)
6 5 2 1
OR P (2) = × × × ×4 C 2 = 3 AG
8 7 6 5 14 A1 2 Answer legit obtained

(ii) x 2 3 4 B1 2, 3, 4 only in top line

Prob 3/14 8/14 3/14 B1 one correct prob other than P (2)
B1 3 third correct prob ft Σ = 1

(iii) Var (X) = 12 + 72 + 48 – 32 M1 using Σx2p – 32 (or their {E(X)}2) must be

14 14 14 evaluated

= 3 (0.429) A1 2 correct answer

7

Page 294
44. M/J 14/P63/Q3

(i) P(2) = 6C3 × 3C2/9C5 M1 Using combinations aCb × cCd/eCf

OR OR
6
C 3 ×3 C 2
6 M1
C5 + 6 C 4 ×3 C1 + 6 C 3 ×3 C 2 + 6 C 2 ×3 C3
OR
OR
M1 Mult 5 probs with a pCq
3/9 × 2/8 × 6/7 × 5/6 × 4/5 × 5C2 = 10/21
If 5C2 replace by 10, oe must be justified
A1 2 Legit method, as answer given
= 60/126 AG

(ii)
B1 0, 1, 2, 3 only seen in table.
x 0 1 2 3
Condone x = 4,5 in table if P(x) = 0 or blank and
Prob 2/42 15/42 20/42 5/42 values in table for x = 0,1,2,3

P(0) = 6C5/9C5 = 6/126 B1 Any correct prob other than P(2)

P(1) = 6C4 × 3C1/9C5 = 45/126 B1 Any other correct prob
P(3) = 6C2 × 3C3/126 = 15/126 B1 4 ΣP(x) = 1, 3<n(x)<6

45. O/N 13/P62/Q7

(i) options (3, 4, 4,) or (4, 3, 4) or (4, 4, 3) M1 Summing three 3-factor options oe
Probs (4/10 × 6/9 × 5/8) ×3C1 M1 10 × 9 × 8 seen in denom
= 360/720
= ½ AG A1 [3] Correct answer

6 C 2 × 4 C1 1 M1 One of 6C2 or 4C1 seen in num

OR = AG M1 10C3 in denom
10 C 3 2
A1 Correct answer

(ii) B1 [4] 9, 10, 11, 12 only seen

sum 9 10 11 12
Prob 24/720 216/720 360/720 120/720 B1 One correct prob other than P(11), with
or without replacement
P(3, 3, 3) = 4/10 × 3/9 × 2/8 = 24/720 (1/30) B1 Another correct prob
P(3, 3, 4) = 4/10 × 3/9 × 6/8 × 3C1
= 216/720 (3/10)
P(4, 4, 4) = 6/10 × 5/9 × 4/8 = 120/720(1/6) B1 Σ all 4 probs = 1

(iii) P(R) = 0.5 P(S) = 0.4 P(R∩S) = 120/720 B1 [3] P(R∩S) = 120/720 (1/6)
M1 Numerical attempt to compare P(R and S)
P(R∩S) = 120/720 ≠ P(R) × P(S) with P(R) × P(S) provided P(R∩S) ≠ 1/5
Not indep A1ft Correct conclusion ft wrong P(R∩S) ≠
1/5, P(S) correct

(iv) P(R∩S) ≠ 0 or there is an overlap between R B1ft [1] Correct answer following correct
and S (34,4) reasoning ft wrong non zero P(R∩S)
Not exclusive Σxf/Σf

Page 295
46. O/N 13/P61/Q7

(i) if throw H then smallest score is 2 B1 Or equivalent

P(T, 1) = 1/2 × 1/4 = 1/8 AG B1 2

(ii) P(3) from two dice = 2/16 seen B1 From (1, 2) and ( 2, 1)

P(H, 3) = 1/2 × 2/16 = 2/32 M1 Summing P(H, 3) and P(T, 3)

P(T, 3) = 1/2 × 1/4 = 1/8 A1 One correct
So P(3) = 6/32 = 3/16 AG A1 4 Correct answer must see clear reasoning

(iii)
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
B1 One correct prob
Prob 5/32 7/32 3/32 B1 A second correct prob
B1 3 A third correct prob

(iv) P(Q∩R) = 0 or ‘if you throw a tail you

can’t get a 7’ M1 Stating P(Q∩R) = 0 or implying by words

Yes they are exclusive A1dep 2 Dep on previous M

47. O/N 13/P63/Q7 48. M/J 13/P62/Q7 49. O/JN 12/P62/Q6 50. O/N 12/P61/Q1

(i) P(same) = P(1, 1)+ P(3, 3) + P(5, 5) M1 Summing 3 two-factor options

2 1 4 3 3 2
= × + × + × M1 Multiplying terms by one less in the numerator
9 8 9 8 9 8 or denominator
= 5/18 (0.278) A1 3 Correct answer

Alt. method:
2C 2 + 4C2 + 3C2 M1 for numerator, M1 for denominator,
9C2 A1 correct answer
2 ×1 + 3 × 4 + 2 × 3
or oe
9C2 × 2

(ii) P( 5, 5 ) + P( 5, 5 ) M1 Mult 2 probs whose numerators sum to 9 o.e.

M1 Summing 2 options or mult by 2
(may be 4 options)
3 6 6 3 36
= × + × = = ½ or 0.5 A1 3 Correct answer
9 8 9 8 72

Alt. method:
6C1× 3C1 (×2)
oe M1 for numerator, M1 for denominator,
9C2 (×2) A1 correct answer

3 6 1
(iii) P( 5 ∩ 5 ) = × = M1 Attempt at P(5 and not 5) seen as numerator or
9 8 4 denominator of a fraction
1 6 5
P( 5 ) = + × = 48/72 = 0.6666 M1 Attempt at P(not 5) sum of 2 two-factor terms
4 9 8 seen anywhere
A1 Correct P( 5 ) as numerator or denominator
1/ 4
P( 51 52 ) = = 3/8 in fraction
48 / 72
= 0.375 A1 4 Correct answer

Page 296
47. O/N 13/P63/Q7

(iv)
x 0 1 2
P(X = x) 5/12 1/2 1/12 B1 Values 0, 1, 2 seen in table with at least 1 prob

6 5
P(0) = P( 5, 5 ) = × = 30/72 (5/12) B1 Correct P(0) unsimplified
9 8
(0.4166)

P(1) = 0.5 from part (ii)

P(2) = 6/72 (1/12) (0.0833) from part (i) B1ft 3 If x=0,1,2(,3) ft Σp = 1, no –ve values, all
probabilities <1

48. M/J 13/P62/Q7

(i) 5 2 1 M1 Mult their P(T) by 2/9 or 2/10 only

P(T,B) = × = (0.0833) A1 Correct answer
12 10 12 [2]

(ii) 7 4 28
P (C S ∩ C A ) = × = (0.2333) M1 Mult their P(CS) by 3/9 or 4/10 seen as
12 10 120
num or denom of a fraction
7 4 5 3 43
P(CA) = × + × = (0.3583) M1 Summing 2 two-factor products to find
12 10 12 10 120 P(CA) seen anywhere
P (C ∩ C ) 28 / 120 A1 Correct unsimplified P(CA) seen as num
P(CS
CA) = =
P (C A ) 43 / 120 or denom of a fraction

28
= (0.651)
43 A1 [4] Correct answer

(iii)
x 0 1 2 B1 x = 0, 1, 2, can be implied from table or
Prob 7/24 19/40 7/30 working

P(X = 0) = P(T, B) + P(T, T) M1 1 or 2 two-factor products, denoms 12 and

10 or 12 and 9, implied if ans is correct

5 2 5 5 7
= × + × = (0.292) A1 One correct unsimplified
12 10 12 10 24

7 4 28
P(X = 2) = P(C, C) = × = (0.233) B1 One other correct unsimplified
12 10 120

19
P(X = 1) = 1 – 7/24 – 28/120 = (0.475) B1ft [5] Third correct ft 1 – P(2 of their probs))
40

Page 297
49. O/JN 12/P62/Q6

(i) P(9) = P(1,4,4) × 3 + P(2,3,4) × 6 + P(3,3,3) M1 Listing at least 2 different options

M1 Multiplying P(4,3,2) by 6 or P(1,4,4)
by 3
= 10 / 64 (5/32) (0.156) AG A1 [3] Correct answer must see numerical
justification

(ii) probs 1 / 64, 3 / 64, 6 / 64, 10 / 64, 12/64, B1 3 or more additional correct probs
12 / 64, 10 / 64, 6 / 64, 3 / 64, 1 / 64. B1 5 or more correct
B1 [3] All correct

(iii) P(S) = 6 / 64(3 / 32) M1 An attempt at P(S) 4,4,1 or 4,2,2

A1 Correct P(S)
P( R ∩ S ) = 3 / 64, ≠ 15 / 1024 ie P(R) ×P(S) B1 Correct P( R ∩ S ) in either intersection
OR P( R S ) = 3 / 64 = 1/2, ≠ 10 / 64 ie P(R) or cond prob cases
6 / 64 M1 comparing their P( R ∩ S ) with their
P(R) × P(S)
or their P ( R S ) with their P(R) need
numerical vals
Not independent A1ft [5] correct conclusion ft wrong P(S) or
P(R∩S) only

50. O/N 12/P61/Q1

P(0) = 7/10 × 6/9 × 5/8 = 210/720 B1 Finding P(0, 1, 2, 3)

P(1) = 3/10 × 7/9 × 6/8 × 3C1 = 378/720 B1 1 or 2 correct
P(2) = 3/10 × 2/9 × 7/8 × 3C2 = 126/720 B1 3 correct
P(3) = 3/10 × 2/9 × 1/8 = 6/720 (1/120) B1 [4] All correct

51. O/N 12/P63/Q2

−3p + 2r + 4 × 0.4 = 2.3 B1 Correct unsimplified equation, oe

(−3)2p + 22r + 42 × 0.4 – 2.32 = 3.01 B1 Correct unsimplified equation, oe
p + q + r + 0.4 = 1 B1 Correct equation, oe
−3p + 2r = 0.7
9p + 4r = 1.9
so − 9p + 6r = 2.1 or − 6p + 4r = 1.4
4r + 6r = 1.9 + 2.1 or 9p + 6p = 1.9−1.4 M1 Obtain an equation in 1 unknown
2 1
r= (0.4), p = (0.0333) A1 One correct answer
5 30
1
q = 0.6 – 0.4 – 0.0333 = (0.167) A1 6 Remaining two answers correct
6

52. M/J 12/P62/Q2

(i) B1 0, 2, 4 only seen for Y no probs needed.

y 0 2 4 Accept other vals if P(value) = 0 seen in
P(Y = y) 0.42 0.48 0.1 table, allow 0002244 with probs
M1 Summing two or more 2-factor probs (can be
implied)
A1 One correct prob
A1 [4] Correct table or list
(ii) 0.96 + 0.4 = 1.36 B1ft [1] Ft their table for Y or X Σp = 1

Page 298
53. M/J 12/P61/Q3

(i) p = 0.1 B1 [1]

(ii) (a) P(X = 1, Y = 3) = 0.3 × 0.2 = 0.06 M1 Summing 2 or 3 options

P(X = 2, Y = 2) = 0.15 × 0.5 = 0.075 B1 One option correct unsimplified
P(X = 3, Y = 1) = 0.3 × 0.3 = 0.09
P( sum is 4) = 0.225 A1 [3] correct final answer

(b) P(X = 1, Y = anything) = 0.3 M1 Σ 3 or more two-factor options

P(X = 2, Y = anything) = 0.15 B1 Two correct options
P(X = 3, Y = 1, 2) = 0.3 × 0.8 = 0.24
P(X = 4, Y = 1) = 0.2 × 0.3 = 0.06
P(X = 5, Y = 1) = 0.05 × 0.3 = 0.015
P(product < 8) = 0.765 A1 [3] Correct answer

OR P(Y = 1, X = anything) = 0.3 M1

P(Y = 2, X =1, 2, 3) = 0.5 × 0.75
= 0.375
P(Y = 3, X =1, 2) = 0.2 × 0.45 = 0.09 B1
P(product < 8) = 0.765 A1

54. M/J 12/P63/Q4

5
(i) mean = 11/6 (1 , 1.83) B1 correct answer
6
sd = (1 + 1 + 1 + 4 + 9 + 9) / 6 − (11 / 6) 2 M1 numerical use of a correct sd/variance formula
= 29 / 6 (0.898) A1 [3] correct answer

(ii)
x 2 3 4 5 6 B1 all correct x values
Pr 9/36 6/36 13/36 4/36 4/36 B1 P(2) and P(6) correct
M1 considering more than 1 case for a sum of 3 or 4
or 5
A1 [4] P(3), P(4) and P(5) correct

(iii) p = 1/3 B1 correct p

np = 8 n = 24 M1 using np = 8 to find n or 8(1 − p) to find var,
0<p<1
Var = 24 × 1/3 × 2/3 = 16/3 (5.33) A1ft [3] correct answer, ft their p

55. O/N 11/P61/Q3

(i) P(X = 1) = P(GBBB) 4 × C1 M1 Considering values of X of 1, 2, 3, 4

= 5/8 × 3/7 × 2/6 × 1/5 × 4 = 1/14 M1 Attempting to find the probability of at
P(X = 2) = P(GGBB) × 4C2 = 3/7 least 2 values of X

P(X = 3) = P(GGGB) × 4C3 = 3/7 A1 One correct probability

P(X = 4) = P(GGGG) × 4C4 = 1/14 A1 All correct
OR
P(1) = 5C1 / 8C4 = 1/14 M1 Considering values of X of 1, 2, 3, 4
P(2) = 3C2 × 5C2 / 8C4 = 3/7 M1 Dividing by 8C4
P(3) = 3C1 × 5C3 / 8C4 = 3/7 A1 One correct probability
P(4) = 5C4 / 8C4 = 1/14 A1 [4] All correct
2
(ii) Var(X) = 1/14 + 12/7 + 27/7 + 16/14 – (5/2) M1 Using a variance formula correctly
with mean2 subtracted numerically, no
extra division
= 15/28 (0.536) A1 [2] Correct final answer
Page 299
 56. M/J 11/P62/Q1
20p = 4.8 p = 0.24 or 4.8/20 B1 Correct value for p
P(0, 1, 2) = (0.76)20 + 20C1(0.24)1(0.76)19 M1 Summing 2 or 3 binomial probs o.e., any
p, n = 5 or 20
+ 20C2(0.25)2(0.76)18 A1 Correct unsimplified answer
= 0.109 A1 [4] Correct answer

SR max 3 out of 4 B1 As above

M1 Using N(4.8, 3.648) with cc 2.5 or 3.5
A1 0.114 seen

57. M/J 11/P62/Q7

(i) P(6) = P(3, 9) + P(9, 3) = 2/25 = 0.08 AG B1 [1] Accept 2/25 seen
(ii)
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 M1 Values 0 – 6 seen could be in list
Prob 0.2 0.24 0.08 0.08 0.16 0.16 0.08 A1 [2] All correct

(iii) Mean = Σxp = 2.56 (64/25) B1 [1]

(iv) P(4, 5, 6) = 0.4(10/25) or 0.16 + 0.16 + 0.08 B1 ft ft their P(4, 5, 6) providing p < 1
= P(draw) × 0.4 M1 Multiplying by their P(draw) providing
p<1
= 0.2 × 0.4 = 0.08 (2/25) A1ft [3] Correct answer
(v) P(J wins on nth go) M1 Mult by any pn or pn – 1, p < 1
= (0.2)n – 1 × 0.4 oe A1ft [2] ft their probs

58. M/J 11/P61/Q3

(i) P(any other number) = 9/70 B1 9/70 Seen

P(X < 2) = 27/70 + 1/10
= 34/70 (17/35) (0.486) B1ft [2] Ft their probs if < 1
(ii) E(X) = 108/70 (54/35) (1.543) M1 Valid attempt at E(X) (needn’t be
accurate)
Var(X) = ((–2)2 + … + 52) × 9 / 70 – (54 / 35)2 M1 Using a variance formula correctly with
mean2 subtracted numerically, no extra
division
= 5.33 A1 [3] Correct final answer
(iii) a = 1 B1 [1]

59. O/N 10/P62/Q1

4p + 5p2 + 1.5p + 2.5p + 1.5p = 1 M1 Summing 5 probs to = 1 can be implied

10p2 + 19p – 2 = 0

p = 0.1 or –2 A1 For 0.1 seen with or without –2

p = 0.1 A1 Choosing 0.1 must be by rejecting –2

[3]

60. O/N 10/P61/Q7

Page 300
 60. O/N 10/P61/Q7
Page Mark Scheme: Teachers’ version Syllabus Paper
GCE A LEVEL – October/November 2010 9709 61

(i) If y = P(odd number) then P(even number) = 2y M1 2P(Odd) shown = P(Even) and summed
to 1
3y + 6y = 1 so y = 1/9 oe. OR prob = 1/3 A1 correct answer accept either
[2]

(ii) Score of 8 means throwing a 6 B1

6 is even so P(8) = 2/9 (AG) B1 legit justification of use of 2/9
[2]

(iii) Var(X) = (48 + 36 + 98 + 128 + 100)/9 – (58/9)2 M1 Correct method no dividings, 6.44
squared subt numerically
= 4.02 accept 4.025 (326/81) A1 Correct answer
[2]

(iv) P(score 6,10) + P(score 10,6) + P(score 8,8) M1 Summing two different 2-factor
= 1/81 + 1/81 + 4/81 probabilities
= 6/81 (2/27) (0.0741) A1 Correct answer
[2]

(v) P(score 6, 10) = 1/81 B1 1/81 seen in numerator

P(1st score 6 given total 16)
= (1/81) ÷ (6/81) M1 Dividing by their (iv)
= 1/6 A1 Correct answer
[3]

61. O/N 10/P63/Q1

Normal B1
mean 60 kg, variance 90 kg2 B1 Any sensible values (mean 40–80 kg,
variance 16–225 kg2), could give s.d.
4–15 kg
[2]
62. O/N 10/P63/Q2

62 (i)
x 1 2 3 4 5 M1 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 seen, together with some
Prob k 2k 3k 4k 5k probabilities involving k but not x
M1 summing probs involving k to 1
15k = 1
k = 1/15 (0.0667) A1 correct answer
[3]

(ii) E(X) M1 using Σpx no dividing

= k + 4k + 9k + 16k + 25k
= 55k = 11/3 (3.67) A1ft correct answer, ft on 55k, 0 < k < 1
[2]

Page 301
63. M/J 10/P62/Q6

(i) B1 0, 1, 2 only in table or listed with some

prob
x 0 1 2
3, 4… if in table must have blank or 0 for
P(X = x) 1/7 4/7 2/7 prob
B1 One correct probability
B1 [3] All correct

(ii) E(X) = 8/7 (1.14) AG B1 Legitimate correct given answer rounding

to 1.14
Var(X) = 12/7 – (8/7)2 M1 Correct method with mean2 subt
numerically no dividing by anything
= 20/49 (0.408) A1 [3] Correct final answer

P (G ∩ NA)
(iii) P(G | NA) = M1 Attempt at P(G ∩ NA) or P(G ∩ A) as
P ( NA) numerator of a fraction
2 / 5 ×1/ 4
= M1 Attempt at P(NA) or P(A) in form of
2 / 5 × 1 / 4 + 3 / 5 × 9 / 10
summing two 2-factor products, seen
anywhere
A1 Correct unsimplified denominator of a
fraction
5
= (0.156) A1 [4] Correct answer
32

64. M/J 10/P61/Q1

64 a + b = 0.45 B1 Correct sum probs = 1 o.e.

–3a – b + 1.6 = 0.75 M1 Attempt at Σxp = 0.75
A1 Correct a
a = 0.2 b = 0.25 A1 Correct b
[4]

65. M/J 10/P63/Q5

(i) P(2) = P(0,2) + P(2,0) M1 Summing two 2-factor probabilities

= 6/10 × 3/7 + 3/10 × 4/7
= 30/70 = 3/7 AG A1 Correct answer legit obtained
[2]

(ii)
x 0 2 4 6 B1 Correct values for rv X
P(X = x) 24/70 30/70 13/70 3/70 B1 Correct probs
[2]

(iii) E(X) = 13/7 B1ft

Var(X) = 120/70 + 208/70 + 108/70 – (13/7)2 M1 Using variance formula correctly with mean2
subtracted numerically, no extra division
= 2.78 A1 Correct final answer
[3]

3 / 10 × 4 / 7
(iv) P(A2│Sum 2) = M1 Correct numerator with a 0 < denom < 1
30 / 70
= 0.4 A1 Correct answer
[2]

Page 302
 66. O/N 9/P61/Q2
(i) –0.16 – p + 0.16 + 2q + 0.66 = 1.05 M1 Attempt at Σpx = 1.05 no dividing

– p + 2q = 0.39 A1 Correct simplified equation

p + q = 0.42 B1 Accept p = 0.42 – q oe
q = 0.27
p = 0.15 A1 [4] Both answers correct

(ii) Var (X) = 4 × 0.08 + p + 0.16 + 4q

+ 1.98 – (1.05)2 M1 Subst in Σpx2 – mean2 formula, mean2 subt
numerically, p +ve and < 1
= 2.59 A1 [2] Correct answer

67. M/J 9/P6/Q2

(i) P(X = 2) = 1/4 × 1/4 + 1/4 = 5/16 AG M1 Considering cases (1, 1) and (2)

1 2 3 4
OR can use a table 12 2 4 4
23 2 5 4
34 2 6 4 A1 [2] Correct given answer legitimately obtained
45 2 7 4 (1/16 + 4/16 needs some justification but 1/16 + 1/4
is acceptable)

(ii) E(X) = Σxp M1 Using correct formula for E(X), no extra division
= 15/4 (3.75) A1 Correct answer

Var(X) = 22 × 5/16 + 32 × 1/16 + M1 Using a variance formula correctly with mean2

42 × 3/8 +... – (15/4)2 subtracted numerically, no extra division
= 260/16 – 225/16 = 35/16 (2.19) A1 [4] Correct final answer

68. O/N 8/P6/Q7

7 (i) P(odd) = 2/3 or 0.667 B1 Can be implied if normal approx used with
P(7) = 8C7 × (2 / 3) 7 (1 / 3) µ = 5.333(= 8 × 2/3)
= 0.156 M1 Binomial expression with C in and 2/3 and 1/3 in
powers summing to 8
P(8) = (2/3)8 = 0.0390 M1 Summing P(7) + P(8) binomial expressions

P(7 or 8) = 0.195 (1280/6561) A1 [4] Correct answer

(ii)
x 2 4 6 7 8
P(X=x) 1/36 2/36 5/36 4/36 4/36 B1 Values of x all correct in table of probabilities

x 9 10 11 12
P(X=x) 4/36 4/36 8/36 4/36 B2 [3] All probs correct and not duplicated, –1 ee

(iii) E(X) = ∑ p i xi
= 2 × 1/36 + 4 × 2/36 + ..... M1 attempt to find ∑ pi xi , all p < 1 and no further
division of any sort
= 312/36 (26/3) (8.67) A1 [2] correct answer

(iv) P(X > E(X)) = P(X = 9, 10, 11, 12) M1 attempt to add their relevant probs

= 20/36 (5/9) (0.556) A1 [2] correct answer

Page 303
 69. M/J 8/P6/Q6

(i) A M1 4 or 5 pairs A and U seen no extra bits

0.5 but condone (0, 1) branches after any or
A all As.
0.5 0.5
A A1 Exactly 4 pairs of A and U, must be
U 0.5 labelled
0.5 A
U 0.5 A1 3 Correct diagram with all probs correct,
0.5 allow A1ft for 4 correct pairs and (0,1)
U branch(es) or A1ft for 5 correct pairs and
0.5 no (0, 1) branch(es)
U

(ii) x 0 1 2 3 4 B1 P(0) correct

P(X=x) ½ ¼ 1/8 1/16 1/16 B1 P(2) correct
B1 P(3) correct
B1 4 P(4) correct

(iii) E(X) = 15/16 (0.938 or 0.9375) M1 attempt at Σ(xp) only with no other
numbers
A1 2 correct answer

70. O/N 7/P6/Q2

(i) 2p +p +3p = 1 M1 Equation involving ps and summing to 1

p = 1/6 (= 0.167) A1 2 Correct answer

(ii) E( X) = -2 × 2/6 + 0 + 4 × 3/6 M1 Using correct formula for E(X), in terms of p or

their p< 1
= 4/3 (=1.33) A1ft Correct expectation ft on their p if p ≤ 1 / 3

Var (X) = 4 × 2/6 + 0 + 16 × 3/6 – (4/3)2 M1 Substitution in their Σpx2 – their E2(X) need 2 terms
= 7.56 (68/9) A1 4 Correct answer

7 (i) 3 C1 × 4 C1 × 5 C1 M1 Attempt using combinations, with 12C3

P (all different) = = denom, or P(RGY) in any order,
12 C 3
i.e. 12 x 11 x 10 in denom
M1 Correct numerator, or multiplying by 6
= 3/11 ( = 0.273) A1 3 Correct answer

4 C2 ×8 C1 M1 Attempt using combinations, or mult

(ii) P(exactly 2 G) =
12 C 3
(
any P GGG x 3 )
Or P(GGY) x 3+P(GGR) x 3

= 12/55 AG A1 2 Correct answer AG

Page 304
 71. M/J 7/P6/Q7

(iii) x 0 1 2 3 M1 For seeing P(0, 1, 2, 3) only and 1 or

P(X=x) 14/55 28/55 12/55 1/55 more probs
decimal 0.255 0.509 0.218 0.018
M1 For reasonable attempt at
P(X = 0 or 1 or 3)

A1 For one correct probability seen other

than P(X=2)
A1 For a second probability correct other
than P(X=2)
A1 5 All correct

72. O/N 6/P6/Q2

(i) q + 3q + 0.26 + 0.05 + 0.09 = 1 M1 Equation with q in summing probs to 1must be
probs
q = 0.15 A1 2 Correct answer

(ii) E(X) = 1.56 B1ft Correct final answer, ft on wrong q

Var (X) = 0.15 + 1.8 + 0.45 + 1.44 – mean2 M1 Subst in Σpx2 – mean2 formula
= 1.41 A1 3 Correct final answer

73. O/N 5/P6/Q5

(i) P(no orange) = (2/3)5 or 0.132 or 32/243 B1 1 For correct final answer either as a decimal or a
fraction

(ii) P(2 end in 6) = (1/10)2 × (9/10)3 × 5C2 B1 For using (1/10)k k>1
M1 For using a binomial expression with their 1/10
or seeing some p2 *(1-p)3
= 0.0729 A1 3 For correct answer
(iii) P(2 orange end in 6) = (1/30)2 × (29/30)3 × 5C2 M1 For their (1/10)/3 seen

= 0.0100 accept 0.01 A1 2 For correct answer

(iv) n = 5, p = 1/3, B1 For recognising n=5, p = 1/3
mean = 5/3, variance = 10/9 B1 ft 2 For correct mean and variance, ft their n and p, p<1

74. O/N 5/P6/Q6

(i) $2 B1 1 For correct answer

(ii) P(MMMH) +P(MMMMH) M1 For attempting to sum P(MMMH) and P(MMMMH)

= 0.83 × 0.2 + 0.84 × 0.2 = 0.184 AG A1 2 For correct answer
(iii) B1 For one correct prob other than 0.184
x 4 2 0 -1 B1ft For another correct prob other than 0.184, ft only if
P(X = x) 0.2 0.288 0.184 0.328 the –1 ignored and their 3rd prob is 1 – Σ the other 2
B1 3 For correct table, can have separate 2s
For attempt at Σ xp from their table, at least 2 non-
(iv) E(X) = 0.8 + 0.576 – 0.328 M1
zero terms
= $1.05 A1 2 For correct answer

Page 305
 75. M/J 5/P6/Q3

(i) P(G, G, G, G, NG) = (0.25)4 × (0.75)1 M1 For relevant binomial calculation, need 5Cr
× 5C4 or 5 or all 5 options

= 0.0146 AG A1 [2] For correct answer. AG

(ii)
X 0 1 2 B1 For all correct X values
P(X = x) 0.2373 0.3955 0.2637
B1 For one correct prob excluding P( X = 4)

(cont) B1 For 2 correct probs excluding P( X = 4)

X 3 4 5
P(X = x) 0.0879 0.0146 0.0010 B1 For 3 correct probs excluding P( X = 4)

B1 [5] All correct and in decimals

76. O/N 4/P6/Q6

(i) Options 123, 124, 125, 134, 135, M1 For listings options, at least 4
145, 234, 235, 245, 345 different ones

P (odd) = 0.4 B1 2 For correct answer, legit

obtained

(ii) P(largest is 4) = 0.3 B1 1 For correct answer

1×3 C2 SR if 9 options in (i) give B1 for

OR
5 C3
3/9 or 2/9 depending on their
missing option

(iii) M1 For 3, 4, 5, in table or 1, 2 as

l 3 4 5 well, no need for any probs but
P(L = l) 0.1 0.3 0.6 need to see an (uncompleted)
second line

M1 For evaluating another

probability based on their list

A1 3 For correct answer

(iv) E(L) = For correct answer, ft if their

B1 ft
∑ lp = 3 × 0.1 + 4 × 0.4 + 5 × 0.6 = 4.5 ∑p= 1

Var (L) = M1 For evaluating their

32 × 0.1 + 42 × 0.3 + 52 × 0.6 –
(their 4.52)
∑ l 2 p − (their 4.5 2 ) (must see
– their 4.52) each p < 1, in first
numerical instance, ie can forget
the sq rt subsequently

= 0.45 A1 3 For correct answer

Page 306
77. M/J 4/P6/Q3

(i)
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 M1 For 36 in the uncancelled denominator
P(X = x) 11 9 7 5 3 1 somewhere, accept decimals eg 0.305
36 36 36 36 36 36 recurring or 0.306 etc
A1 For 3 correct probabilities
A1 All correct
3

(ii) E(X) = 1 × 11 36 + 2 × 9 36 + 3 × 7 36 + M1 For calculation of ∑ xp where all probs < 1

4 × 5 36 + 5 × 3 36 + 6 × 1 36 = 91 36
A1
2

Page 307
Page 308
 Unit- 4.2 Binomial Distribution
1. M/J 22/P52/Q5/a

In a large college, 28% of the students do not play any musical instrument, 52% play exactly one
musical instrument and the remainder play two or more musical instruments.
A random sample of 12 students from the college is chosen.
(a) Find the probability that more than 9 of these students play at least one musical instrument. [3]

2. M/J 22/P51/Q4/c
Jacob has four coins. One of the coins is biased such that when it is thrown the probability of obtaining
7 . The other three coins are fair. Jacob throws all four coins once. The number of heads
a head is 10
that he obtains is denoted by the random variable X . The probability distribution table for X is as
follows.

x 0 1 2 3 4
P X = x
3 a b c 7
80 80

Jacob throws all four coins together 10 times.

(a) Find the probability that he obtains exactly one head on fewer than 3 occasions. [3]

3. M/J 21/P52/Q5(a,b)
Every day Richard takes a flight between Astan and Bejin. On any day, the probability that the flight
arrives early is 0.15, the probability that it arrives on time is 0.55 and the probability that it arrives
late is 0.3.

(a) Find the probability that on each of 3 randomly chosen days, Richard’s flight does not arrive late.
[1]
(b) Find the probability that for 9 randomly chosen days, Richard’s flight arrives early at least 3
times. [3]
4. M/J 21/P51/Q6/a
In Questa, 60% of the adults travel to work by car.
(a) A random sample of 12 adults from Questa is taken.
Find the probability that the number who travel to work by car is less than 10. [3]

5. M/J 21/P53/Q7(b) i
In the whole of Arka there are a large number of households. A survey showed that 35% of households
in Arka have no broadband service.
(a) (i) 10 households in Arka are chosen at random.

Find the probability that fewer than 3 of these households have no broadband service. [3]

Page 309
7. M/J 20/P53/Q2

In a certain large college, 22% of students own a car.

(a) 3 students from the college are chosen at random. Find the probability that all 3 students own a
car. [1]
(b) 16 students from the college are chosen at random. Find the probability that the number of these
students who own a car is at least 2 and at most 4. [3]

8. MAR 20/P52/Q5/a

In Greenton, 70% of the adults own a car. A random sample of 8 adults from Greenton is chosen.
(a) Find the probability that the number of adults in this sample who own a car is less than 6. [3]

9. O/N 19/P62/Q4(i)
In Quarendon, 66% of households are satisfied with the speed of their wifi connection.
(i) Find the probability that, out of 10 households chosen at random in Quarendon, at least 8 are
satisfied with the speed of their wifi connection. [3]
10. O/N 19/P61/Q2
Annan has designed a new logo for a sportswear company. A survey of a large number of customers
found that 42% of customers rated the logo as good.
(i) A random sample of 10 customers is chosen. Find the probability that fewer than 8 of them rate
the logo as good. [3]
(ii) On another occasion, a random sample of n customers of the company is chosen. Find the
smallest value of n for which the probability that at least one person rates the logo as good is
greater than 0.995. [3]
11. O/N 19/P63/Q7 (i)

A competition is taking place between two choirs, the Notes and the Classics. There is a large audience
for the competition.
³ 30% of the audience are Notes supporters.
³ 45% of the audience are Classics supporters.
³ The rest of the audience are not supporters of either of these choirs.
³ No one in the audience supports both of these choirs.

(i) A random sample of 6 people is chosen from the audience.

(a) Find the probability that no more than 2 of the 6 people are Notes supporters. [3]
(b) Find the probability that none of the 6 people support either of these choirs. [2]

12. M/J 19/P62/Q3

The probability that Janice will buy an item online in any week is 0.35. Janice does not buy more than
one item online in any week.
(i) Find the probability that, in a 10-week period, Janice buys at most 7 items online. [3]
(ii) The probability that Janice buys at least one item online in a period of n weeks is greater than 0.99.
Find the smallest possible value of n. [3]

13. M/J 19/P61/Q5(i)

In a certain country the probability that a child owns a bicycle is 0.65.
(i) A random sample of 15 children from this country is chosen. Find the probability that more than
12 own a bicycle. [3]

14. M/J 19/P63/Q5(i)

On average, 34% of the people who go to a particular theatre are men.

(i) A random sample of 14 people who go to the theatre is chosen. Find the probability that at most
2 people are men. [3]

Page 310
15. MAR 19/P62/Q6/i,ii

The results of a survey by a large supermarket show that 35% of its customers shop online.

(i) Six customers are chosen at random. Find the probability that more than three of them shop
online. [3]
(ii) For a random sample of n customers, the probability that at least one of them shops online is
greater than 0.95. Find the least possible value of n. [3]

16. O/N 18/P61/Q5(i)

At the Nonland Business College, all students sit an accountancy examination at the end of their first
year of study. On average, 80% of the students pass this examination.

(i) A random sample of 9 students who will take this examination is chosen. Find the probability
that at most 6 of these students will pass the examination. [3]

17. O/N 17/P63/Q1

A statistics student asks people to complete a survey. The probability that a randomly chosen person
agrees to complete the survey is 0.2. Find the probability that at least one of the first three people
asked agrees to complete the survey. [2]

18. M/J 17/P61/Q5

Eggs are sold in boxes of 20. Cracked eggs occur independently and the mean number of cracked
eggs in a box is 1.4.

(i) Calculate the probability that a randomly chosen box contains exactly 2 cracked eggs. [3]
(ii) Calculate the probability that a randomly chosen box contains at least 1 cracked egg. [2]
(iii) A shop sells n of these boxes of eggs. Find the smallest value of n such that the probability of
there being at least 1 cracked egg in each box sold is less than 0.01. [2]

19. M/J 17/P63/Q5

Hebe attempts a crossword puzzle every day. The number of puzzles she completes in a week (7 days)
is denoted by X .
(i) State two conditions that are required for X to have a binomial distribution. [2]
On average, Hebe completes 7 out of 10 of these puzzles.
(ii) Use a binomial distribution to find the probability that Hebe completes at least 5 puzzles in a
week. [3]
(iii) Use a binomial distribution to find the probability that, over the next 10 weeks, Hebe completes
4 or fewer puzzles in exactly 3 of the 10 weeks. [3]
20. O/N 16/P61/Q6
Deeti has 3 red pens and 1 blue pen in her left pocket and 3 red pens and 1 blue pen in her right pocket.
‘Operation T ’ consists of Deeti taking one pen at random from her left pocket and placing it in her
right pocket, then taking one pen at random from her right pocket and placing it in her left pocket.

(i) Find the probability that, when Deeti carries out operation T , she takes a blue pen from her left
pocket and then a blue pen from her right pocket. [2]

The random variable X is the number of blue pens in Deeti’s left pocket after carrying out operation T .

(ii) Find P X = 1
. [3]

(iii) Given that the pen taken from Deeti’s right pocket is blue, find the probability that the pen taken
from Deeti’s left pocket is blue. [4]

Page 311
21. O/N 16/P63/Q2
A fair triangular spinner has three sides numbered 1, 2, 3. When the spinner is spun, the score is the
number of the side on which it lands. The spinner is spun four times.

(i) Find the probability that at least two of the scores are 3. [3]

(ii) Find the probability that the sum of the four scores is 5. [3]

22. M/J 16/P61/Q2

The faces of a biased die are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The random variable X is the score when
the die is thrown. The following is the probability distribution table for X .

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
P X = x
p p p p 0.2 0.2
The die is thrown 3 times. Find the probability that the score is 4 on not more than 1 of the 3 throws.
[5]
23. M/J 16/P61/Q4
A box contains 2 green sweets and 5 blue sweets. Two sweets are taken at random from the box,
without replacement. The random variable X is the number of green sweets taken. Find E X
and
Var X
. [6]

24. O/N 15/P61/Q4

(a) Amy measured her pulse rate while resting, x beats per minute, at the same time each day on
30 days. The results are summarised below.

Σ x − 80
= −147 Σ x − 80
2 = 952

Find the mean and standard deviation of Amy’s pulse rate. [4]
(b) Amy’s friend Marok measured her pulse rate every day after running for half an hour. Marok’s
pulse rate, in beats per minute, was found to have a mean of 148.6 and a standard deviation of
18.5. Assuming that pulse rates have a normal distribution, find what proportion of Marok’s
pulse rates, after running for half an hour, were above 160 beats per minute. [3]

25. M/J 15/P62/Q1

A fair die is thrown 10 times. Find the probability that the number of sixes obtained is between 3
and 5 inclusive. [3]

26. O/N 14/P61/Q5

Screws are sold in packets of 15. Faulty screws occur randomly. A large number of packets are tested
for faulty screws and the mean number of faulty screws per packet is found to be 1.2.

(i) Show that the variance of the number of faulty screws in a packet is 1.104. [2]

(ii) Find the probability that a packet contains at most 2 faulty screws. [3]

Damien buys 8 packets of screws at random.

(iii) Find the probability that there are exactly 7 packets in which there is at least 1 faulty screw. [4]

27. O/N 14/P63/Q3

The number of books read by members of a book club each year has the binomial distribution
B 12, 0.7
.

(i) State the greatest number of books that could be read by a member of the book club in a particular
year and find the probability that a member reads this number of books. [2]

(ii) Find the probability that a member reads fewer than 10 books in a particular year. [3]

Page 312
28. M/J 14/P61/Q3

(i) State three conditions which must be satisfied for a situation to be modelled by a binomial
distribution. [2]

George wants to invest some of his monthly salary. He invests a certain amount of this every month
for 18 months. For each month there is a probability of 0.25 that he will buy shares in a large company,
there is a probability of 0.15 that he will buy shares in a small company and there is a probability of
0.6 that he will invest in a savings account.

(ii) Find the probability that George will buy shares in a small company in at least 3 of these
18 months. [3]

29. M/J 13/P62/Q4

Robert uses his calculator to generate 5 random integers between 1 and 9 inclusive.

(i) Find the probability that at least 2 of the 5 integers are less than or equal to 4. [3]

Robert now generates n random integers between 1 and 9 inclusive. The random variable X is the
number of these n integers which are less than or equal to a certain integer k between 1 and 9 inclusive.
It is given that the mean of X is 96 and the variance of X is 32.

(ii) Find the values of n and k. [4]

30. M/J 13/P61/Q5
Fiona uses her calculator to produce 12 random integers between 7 and 21 inclusive. The random
variable X is the number of these 12 integers which are multiples of 5.

(i) State the distribution of X and give its parameters. [3]

(ii) Calculate the probability that X is between 3 and 5 inclusive. [3]

Fiona now produces n random integers between 7 and 21 inclusive.

(iii) Find the least possible value of n if the probability that none of these integers is a multiple of 5
is less than 0.01. [3]
31. M/J 13/P63/Q2
The 12 houses on one side of a street are numbered with even numbers starting at 2 and going up
to 24. A free newspaper is delivered on Monday to 3 different houses chosen at random from these 12.
Find the probability that at least 2 of these newspapers are delivered to houses with numbers greater
than 14. [4]
32. O/N 12/P61/Q5
A company set up a display consisting of 20 fireworks. For each firework, the probability that it fails
to work is 0.05, independently of other fireworks.
(i) Find the probability that more than 1 firework fails to work. [3]
The 20 fireworks cost the company $24 each. 450 people pay the company $10 each to watch the
display. If more than 1 firework fails to work they get their money back.

(ii) Calculate the expected profit for the company. [4]

33. M/J 12/P62/Q3
In Restaurant Bijoux 13% of customers rated the food as ‘poor’, 22% of customers rated the food as
‘satisfactory’ and 65% rated it as ‘good’. A random sample of 12 customers who went for a meal at
Restaurant Bijoux was taken.
(i) Find the probability that more than 2 and fewer than 12 of them rated the food as ‘good’. [3]
On a separate occasion, a random sample of n customers who went for a meal at the restaurant was
taken.
(ii) Find the smallest value of n for which the probability that at least 1 person will rate the food as
‘poor’ is greater than 0.95. [3]

Page 313
34. M/J 12/P61/Q4

In a certain mountainous region in winter, the probability of more than 20 cm of snow falling on any
particular day is 0.21.
(i) Find the probability that, in any 7-day period in winter, fewer than 5 days have more than 20 cm
of snow falling. [3]
(ii) For 4 randomly chosen 7-day periods in winter, find the probability that exactly 3 of these periods
will have at least 1 day with more than 20 cm of snow falling. [4]
35. O/N 11/P62/Q6
There are a large number of students in Luttley College. 60% of the students are boys. Students can
choose exactly one of Games, Drama or Music on Friday afternoons. It is found that 75% of the boys
choose Games, 10% of the boys choose Drama and the remainder of the boys choose Music. Of the
girls, 30% choose Games, 55% choose Drama and the remainder choose Music.
(i) 6 boys are chosen at random. Find the probability that fewer than 3 of them choose Music. [3]

(ii) 5 Drama students are chosen at random. Find the probability that at least 1 of them is a boy. [6]

36. M/J 11/P61/Q7/a

(a) (i) Find the probability of getting at least one 3 when 9 fair dice are thrown. [2]
(ii) When n fair dice are thrown, the probability of getting at least one 3 is greater than 0.9.
Find the smallest possible value of n. [4]

37. M/J 11/P63/Q6

The probability that Sue completes a Sudoku puzzle correctly is 0.75.

(i) Sue attempts n Sudoku puzzles. Find the least value of n for which the probability that she
completes all n puzzles correctly is less than 0.06. [3]

Sue attempts 14 Sudoku puzzles every month. The number that she completes successfully is denoted
by X .

(ii) Find the value of X that has the highest probability. You may assume that this value is one of the
two values closest to the mean of X . [3]

(iii) Find the probability that in exactly 3 of the next 5 months Sue completes more than 11 Sudoku
puzzles correctly. [5]

38. M/J 10/P63/Q3

Christa takes her dog for a walk every day. The probability that they go to the park on any day is 0.6.
If they go to the park there is a probability of 0.35 that the dog will bark. If they do not go to the park
there is a probability of 0.75 that the dog will bark.
(i) Find the probability that they go to the park on more than 5 of the next 7 days. [2]
(ii) Find the probability that the dog barks on any particular day. [2]
(iii) Find the variance of the number of times they go to the park in 30 days. [1]

39. O/N 9/P62/Q5

120
In a particular discrete probability distribution the random variable X takes the value with
r r
probability , where r takes all integer values from 1 to 9 inclusive.
45
1
(i) Show that P(X = 40) = 15
. [2]

(ii) Construct the probability distribution table for X . [3]

(iii) Which is the modal value of X ? [1]

(iv) Find the probability that X lies between 18 and 100. [2]
Page 314
40. M/J 6/P6/Q6
32 teams enter for a knockout competition, in which each match results in one team winning and the
other team losing. After each match the winning team goes on to the next round, and the losing team
takes no further part in the competition. Thus 16 teams play in the second round, 8 teams play in the
third round, and so on, until 2 teams play in the final round.

(i) How many teams play in only 1 match? [1]

(ii) How many teams play in exactly 2 matches? [1]

(iii) Draw up a frequency table for the numbers of matches which the teams play. [3]

(iv) Calculate the mean and variance of the numbers of matches which the teams play. [4]

Page 315
 1. M/J 22/P52/Q5/a Unit- 4.2 Binomial Distribution May/June 2022

Question Answer Marks Guidance

1(a) [P(10, 11, 12) =] M1 One term 12Cx p x 1  p 

12  x
, for 0 < x < 12, 0 < p < 1.
12
C10 0.7210 0.282 + 12 11 1
C11 0.72 0.28 + 12 12
C12 0.72 0.28 0

= 0.193725 + 0.0905726 + 0.0194084 A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified, no terms omitted,

leading to final answer.

0.304 B1 Final answer 0.3036 < p ⩽ 0.304.

Alternative method for question 5(a)

[1 – P(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) =] M1 One term 12Cx p x 1  p 

12  x
, for 0 < x < 12, 0 < p < 1.
1 – (12C0 0.720 0.2812 + 12C1 0.721 0.2811 + 12C2 0.72 2 0.2810 +
12
C3 0.723 0.289 + 12C4 0.72 4 0.288 + 12C5 0.725 0.287 + A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified, no terms omitted,
12
C6 0.726 0.286 + 12C7 0.727 0.285 + 12C8 0.728 0.284 + leading to final answer.
12
C9 0.729 0.283 )

0.304 B1 Final answer 0.3036 < p ⩽ 0.304.

2. M/J 22/P51/Q4/c

4(c) [P(0, 1, 2) = ]10C0 0.20 0.810 + 10C1 0.21 0.89 + 10C2 0.22 0.88 M1 One term 10Cx p x 1  p 10 x , for
0 < x < 10, 0 < p < 1

0.107374 + 0.268435 + 0.301989 A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified leading to

final answer

0.678 B1 0.677 < p ⩽ 0.678

Alternative method for question 4(c)

1 – [10C10 0∙2100.80 + 10C9 0∙290.81 + 10C8 0∙280.82 + 10C7 0∙270.83 +10C6 0∙260.84 + 10C5 0∙250.85 M1 One term 10Cx p x 1  p 10 x , for
+ 10C4 0∙240.86 + 10C3 0∙230.87]
0 < x < 10, 0 < p < 1

A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified

0.678 B1 0.677 < p ≤ 0.678

Page 316
3. M/J 21/P52/Q5(a,b)

3(a) [( 0.7 ) =] 0.343

3 B1 Evaluated WWW

Alternative method for Question 5(a)

[(0.15)3 + 3C1(0.15)2(0.55) + 3C2(0.15)(0.55)2 + (0.55)3 =] 0.343 B1 Evaluated WWW

3(b) 1 – (0.859 + 9C1 0.151 0.858 + 9C2 0.152 0.857) M1 One term: 9Cx px (1 – p)9-x for 0 < x < 9, any 0 < p < 1
[1 – (0.231617 + 0.367862 + 0.259667)]
A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified.

0.141 A1 0.1408 ⩽ ans ⩽ 0.141, award at most accurate value.

Alternative method for Question 5(b)

9
C3 0.153 0.856 + 9C4 0.154 0.855 + 9C5 0.155 0.854 + 9C6 0.156 0.853 + M1 One term: 9Cx px (1 – p)9-x for 0 < x < 9, any 0 < p < 1
9
C7 0.157 0.852 + 9C8 0.158 0.85 + 0.159
A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified.

0.141 A1 0.1408 ⩽ ans ⩽ 0.141, award at most accurate value.

3
4. M/J 21/P51/Q6/a

(a) 1 – P(10, 11, 12) = 1 – ( 12C10 0.610 0.42 + 12C11 0.611 0.41 + 12C12 0.612 0.40) M1 One term: 12Cx px (1 – p)12-x for 0 < x < 12, any p allowed.
[= 1 – (0.063852 + 0.017414 + 0.0021768)]
A1 Correct unsimplified expression, or better.

[1 – 0.083443] = 0.917 A1 AWRT

Alternative method for Question 6(a)

P (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) = 12C00.60 0.412 + 12C1 0.61 0.411+ ………….12C9 0.69 M1 One term: 12Cx px (1 – p)12-x for 0 < x < 12, any p allowed.
0.43
[= 0.000016777 + 0.00030199 + 0.0024914 + 0.012457 + 0.042043 + A1 Correct unsimplified expression with at least the first
0.10090 + 0.17658 + 0.22703 + 0.21284 + 0.14189] two and last terms

0.917 A1 WWW, AWRT

Page 317
5. M/J 21/P53/Q7(b) i

5(a)(i) P(0, 1, 2) = M1 One term:10Cx px (1 – p)10–x for 0 < x < 10, any 0<p<1
C0 ( 0.35 ) ( 0.65) + 10C1 ( 0.35 ) ( 0.65) + 10C2 ( 0.35 ) ( 0.65)
10 0 10 1 9 2 8

0.013463 + 0.072492 + 0.17565 A1 Correct unsimplified expression, or better

0.262 A1

6. M/J 20/P52/Q7(a,b)

6(a) 1 – P(10, 11, 12) M1

= 1 – [12C10 0.72100.282 + 12C11 0.72110.281+0.7212]

1 – (0.19372 + 0.09057 + 0.01941) A1

0.696 A1

6(b) 0.283 × 0.72 = 0.0158 B1

7. M/J 20/P53/Q2

2(a) 0.223 = 0.0106 B1

2(b) P(2, 3, 4) = 16C2 0.222 0.7814 + 16C3 0.2230.7813 + 16C4 0.2240.7812 M1

0.179205 + 0.235877 + 0.216221 A1

0.631 A1

Page 318
8. MAR 20/P52/Q5/a

(a) 1 – P(6, 7, 8) M1 One term 8Cx p x (1 − p )

8− x
, 0 < p < 1, x ≠ 0
= 1 – (8C6 0.76 0.32 + 8C7 0.77 0.31 + 0.78 )

= 1 – 0.55177 A1 Correct unsimplified expression, or better

= 0.448 A1

Alternative method for question 5(a)

P(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) M1 One term 8Cx p x (1 − p )

8− x
, 0 < p < 1, x ≠ 0
= 0.38 + 8C1 0.710.37 +8C2 0.720.36 + 8C3 0.730.35 +
8
C40.740.34 + 8C5 0.750.33

A1 Correct unsimplified expression, or better

= 0.448 A1

9. O/N 19/P62/Q4(i)

10
(i) P(8, 9, 10) = C8 0.668 0.342 +10C9 0.669 0.341 + 0.6610 M1 Correct binomial term, 10Ca 0.66a(1–0.66)b
a+b = 10, 0 < a,b < 10

A1 Correct unsimplified expression

0.284 B1 CAO

10. O/N 19/P61/Q2

2(i) 1 – (10C2 0.428 0.582 + 10C9 0.429 0.581 + 0.4210) M1 Binomial term of form
10
Capa(1 – p)b 0 < p < 1 any p, 0 ⩽ a,b ⩽ 10

A1 Correct unsimplified expression

0.983 A1

Page 319
10. O/N 19/P61/Q2

(ii) 1 – P(0) > 0.995 0.58n < 0.005 M1 Equation or inequality involving 0.58n or 0.42n and 0.995 or
0.005

log 0.005 M1 Attempt to solve using logs or Trial and Error. May be implied
n> by their answer (rounded or truncated)
log 0.58
n > 9.727

n = 10 A1 CAO

11. O/N 19/P63/Q7 (i)

6
(i)(a) P(0, 1, 2) = C0 0.30 0.76 + 6C1 0.31 0.75 + 6C2 0.32 0.74 M1 Binomial term of form 6Cxpx(1 – p)6– x 0 < p < 1
any p, x ≠ 6,0

0.1176 ... + 0.3025 ... + 0.3241 ... A1 Correct unsimplified answer

0.744 A1 Correct final answer

(i)(b) P(support neither choir) = 1 – (0.3 + 0.45) = 0.25 M1 0.25n seen alone, 1 < n ⩽ 6

P(6 support neither choir) = 0.256 A1 Correct final answer

1
= 0.000244 or
4096

Page 320
12. M/J 19/P62/Q3

(i) P(at most 7) = 1 – P(8, 9, 10) M1 Use of normal approximation M0

= 1 – 10C8(0.35)8(0.65)2 – 10C9(0.35)9(0.65)1 – (0.35)10 Binomial term of form 10Cxpx(1 – p)10 – x 0 < p < 1 any p, x ≠ 10,0

[= 1 – 0.004281 – 0.0005123 – 0.00002759] A1 Correct unsimplified (or individual terms evaluated) answer seen
Condone 1 – A + B + C leading to correct solution

= 0.995 B1 B1 not dependent on previous marks.

Alternative method for question 3(i)

P(at most 7) = P(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7) M1 Binomial term of form 10Cxpx(1 – p)10 – x 0 < p < 1 any p, x ≠ 10,0

= (0.65)10 + 10C1(0.35)1(0.65)9+…+ 10C7(0.35)7(0.65)3 A1 Correct unsimplified answer or individual terms evaluated seen

= 0.995 B1

(ii) 1 – (0.65) n > 0.99 M1 Equation or inequality with (0.65)n and 0.01 or (0.35)n and 0.99 only
0.01 > (0.65)n (Note 1 – 0.99 is equivalent to 0.01 etc.)

n > 10.69 M1 Solving their a n = c, 0 < a,c < 1 using logs or Trial and Error
If answer inappropriate, at least 2 trials are required for Trial and Error M
mark

smallest n = 11 A1 CAO

13. M/J 19/P61/Q5(i)

(i) (P > 12) = P(13, 14, 15) M1 Binomial term of form 15Cxpx(1 – p)15 – x 0 < p < 1 any p, x ≠ 15,0

= 15C13(0.65)13(0.35)2 + 15C14(0.65)14(0.35)1 + (0.65)15 A1 Correct unsimplified answer

= 0.0617 A1 SC if use np and npq with justification give (12.5 – 9.75)/√3.41 M1

1–F(1.489) A1 0.0681 A0

Page 321
14. M/J 19/P63/Q5(i)

14
(i) P(0, 1, 2) = (0.66) + 14C1(0.34)(0.66)13 + 14C2(0.34)2(0.66)12 M1 Binomial term of form 14Cxpx(1 – p)14 – x 0 < p < 1 any p, x ≠ 14,0

= 0.0029758 + 0.02146239 + 0.071866 A1 Correct unsimplified answer

= 0.0963 A1 Correct answer

15. MAR 19/P62/Q6/i,ii

6
(i) P(4, 5, 6) = C4 0.3540.652 + 6C5 0.3550.651 + 0.356 M1 Binomial term of form 6Cxpx(1 – p)6– x 0 < p < 1 any p, x≠6,0

A1 Correct unsimplified answer

= 0.117 A1

(ii) 1 − 0.65n > 0.95 M1 Equation or inequality involving ‘0.65n or 0.35n’ and ‘0.95 or 0.05’
0.65n < 0.05

log 0.05 M1 Attempt to solve their exponential equation using logs or Trial and
n> = 6.95 Error.
log 0.65

n=7 A1 CAO

16. O/N 18/P61/Q5(i)

(i) 1 – (P(7) + P(8) + P(9)) M1

= 1 – ( 9C7 0.87 × 0.22 + 9C8 0.88 × 0.21 + 9C9 0.89 × 0.20 ) Any binomial term of form 9Cxpx(1 – p)9 – x, x ≠ 0

M1 Correct unsimplified expression

= 1 – (0.3019899 + 0.3019899 + 0.1342177) A1 Correct answer

= 0.262

Page 322
17. O/N 17/P63/Q1

EITHER: (M1 Fully correct unsimplified expression 1 – (0.8)3 OE

P(at least 1 completes) = 1 – P(0 people complete)
= 1 – (0.8)3

 61  A1)
= 0.488  
 125 

OR1: (M1 Unsimplified correct 3 term expression

P(1, 2, 3) = 3C1(0.2)(0.8)2 + 3C2(0.2)2(0.8) + (0.2)3

 61  A1)
= 0.488  
 125 

OR2: (M1 Unsimplified sum of 3 correct terms

0.2 + 0.8 × 0.2 + 0.8 × 0.8 × 0.2

 61  A1)
= 0.488  
 125  2

18. M/J 17/P61/Q5

(i) p = 0.07 B1

P ( 2) = C2 ( 0.07 ) ( 0.93) M1 Bin term C x p x (1 − p )

20 2 18 20 20 − x
their p

= 0.252 A1

Total: 3
20
(ii) P(at least 1 cracked egg)=1–(0.93) =1–0.2342 M1 Attempt to find P(at least1 cracked egg) with their p
from (i) allow 1 – P(0, 1) OE

= 0.766 A1 Rounding to 0.766

Total: 2

(iii) (0.7658)n<0.01 M1 Eqn or inequal containing (their 0.766)n or (their

0.234)n, together with 0.01 or 0.99

n = 18 A1

Total: 2
Page 323
19. M/J 17/P63/Q5
(i) constant probability (of completing) B1 Any one condition of these two

independent trials/events B1 The other condition

Totals: 2
7
(ii) P(5, 6, 7) = C5(0.7)5(0.3)2 + 7C6(0.7)6(0.3)1 + (0.7)7 M1 Bin term 7Cx(0.7)x(0.3)7-x , x ≠ 0, 7
A1 Correct unsimplified answer (sum) OE

= 0.647 A1

Total: 3

(iii) P(0, 1, 2, 3, 4) = 1 – their ‘0.6471’ = 0.3529 M1 Find P( -4 ) either by subtracting their (ii) from 1 or from
adding
Probs of 0,1,2,3,4 with n=7 (or 10) and p = 0.7

P(3) = 10C3(0.3529)3(0.6471)7 M1 10
C3 (their 0.353)3(1 – their 0.353)7 on its own

= 0.251 A1

20. O/N 16/P61/Q6

(i) P(B, B) = 1/4 ×2/5 M1 Multiplying two different probs

= 1/10 A1 [2]

(ii) P(X = 1) = P(R,R) + P(B,B) M1 Finding P(R, R) (=3/5)

= 3/4 × 4/5 + 1/10 M1 Summing two options
= 14/20 (7/10) A1 [3]

(iii) P(B B) M1 their (i) seen as num or denom

of a fraction
P( B ∩ B) 1 / 10
= = M1 ¾ × p1 + ¼ × p2 seen anywhere
P( B) 3 / 4 ×1 / 5 + 1 / 4 × 2 / 5

A1 1/4 (unsimplified) seen as num

or denom of a fraction, www

= 2/5 A1 [4]

Page 324
 21. O/N 16/P63/Q2

\(i) p = 1/3
P(⩾2) = 1 – P(0, 1) = 1 – (2/3)4 – 4C1(1/3)(2/3)3 M1 Bin term 4Cxpx(1 – p)4 – x 0 < p < 1
or P(2,3,4) =4C2(1/3)2(2/3)2 +4C3(1/3)3(2/3)+(1/3)4 M1 Correct unsimplified answer
11
= , 0.407 A1 [3]
27

(ii) P(sum is 5) = P(1, 1, 1, 2) ×4 = (1/3)4 × 4 M1 1, 1, 1, 2 seen or 4 options

M1 Mult by (1/3)4
4
= , 0.0494 A1 [3]
81

22. M/J 16/P61/Q2

P (throwing a 4) = (1 – 0.4) / 4 M1 Sensible attempt to find P(1)

= 0.15 A1 Correct answer

P(at most 1) = P(0, 1) or 1 – P(2, 3) M1 A binomial term with 3Cn oe any p

= (0.85)3 + 3C1 (0.15) (0.85)2 M1 Binomial expression with 3Cn P(0, 1) or
1 – P(2, 3)
p = 0.15 or 0.85
= 0.939 A1 [5]

23. M/J 16/P61/Q4

[P(X = 0)] = P(B, B) = 5/7×4/6 = 10/21 M1 Attempt to find P(0) or P(1) or P(2) can
be seen as P(BB) etc. or table
unsimplified
[P(X = 1)] = P(G,B) + P(B,G) = 2/7×5/6 ×2 A1 P(1) or P(BG)+P(GB) correct
= 10/21
[P(X = 2] = P(G, G) = 2/7×1/6 = 1/21 A1 P(0) or P(2) correct must see X value

E(X) = 0 + 10/21 + 2/21 = 4/7 (0.571) B1 Correct answer ft their probs P(1) and
P(2)

Var(X) = 0 + 10/21 + 4/21 – (4/7)2 M1 Attempt at Σx2p – [E(X)]2

= 50/147 (0.340) A1 [6]

24. O/N 15/P61/Q4

(i) x = 80 – 147/30 = 80 – 4.9 M1 For –147/30 oe seen

= 75.1 A1 Correct answer

 952  147  2 
sd = √  −   = √ 7.72… M1 952/30 – ( ± their coded mean)2
 30  30  
 
sd = 2.78 A1 [4] Correct answer

 160 − 148.6 
(ii) P(x > 160) = P  z >  M1 Standardising no cc no sq rt
 18.5 
= P(z > 0.616) M1 1–Φ
= 1 – 0.7310
= 0.269 A1 [3] Correct answer

Page 325
25. M/J 15/P62/Q1

P(3, 4, 5) = M1 Bin expression of form 10Cx (p)x(1–p)10–x

any x any p
3 7 4 6 5
10 1 5 1 5 1
C3     + 10C4     + 10C5   A1 Correct unsimplified answer accept
6 6 6 6 6
(0.17, 0.83), (0.16, 0.84), (0.16, 0.83),
5
5 (0.17, 0.84) or more accurate
 
6
A1 3 Correct answer

= 0.222

26. O/N 14/P61/Q5

(i) 1.2 = 15p p = 0.08 M1 Attempt to find p using 1.2 = 15p

Var = npq = 15 × 0.08 × 0.92 = 1.104
AG A1 2 Correct answer

(ii) P(0, 1, 2) = (0.92)15 + 15C1(0.08)(0.92)14 M1 Binomial expression 15Cxpx(1–p)15–x 0 < p < 1

+ 15C2(0.08)2(0.92)13 M1 Correct unsimplified expression for P(0, 1, 2)
= 0.887 A1 3 Correct answer

(iii) P(at least 1 faulty screw) = 1 – P(0) = 1 M1 Attempt at P(0) or 1 – P(0)

– (0.92)15
= 0.7137… A1 Rounding to 0.71
P(at least 1 faulty screw in 7 packets) = M1 Binomial expression 8C7p7(1–p) 0 < p < 1
8
C7(0.713…)7(0.2863…)
= 0.216 A1 4 Correct answer

27. O/N 14/P63/Q3

(i) max = 12 B1 (Implied by P(12) with power 12)

P(12) = (0.7)12 = 0.0138 B1 2 Accept 0.014

(ii) P(fewer than 10) = 1– P (10, 11, 12) M1 Binomial term 12Cr(0.7)r(0.3)12–r or
12 10 2 11
= 1– C10 × (0.7) (0.3) – 12 × (0.7) (0.3) 12
Cr(p)r(q)12–r, 0.99 < p + q < 1.00
12
– (0.7)
= 1 – 0.2528 A1 Correct unsimplified expression oe
= 0.747 A1 3 Correct answer

28. M/J 14/P61/Q3

(i) constant / given p, independent trials, B1 Any one correct

fixed / given no. of trials, only two
outcomes B1 2 Any 3 correct

(ii) P (x [ 3) = 1 – P (0, 1, 2) M1 Any binomial expression pr (1 – p) 18–r 18Cr

seen

= 1 – [(0.85)18 + (0.85)17(0.15) × 18 +
(0.85)16(0.15)2 × 18C2] M1 1 – P (0, 1, 2 ), any n,p,q

= 0.520 A1 3 Correct answer

Page 326
29. M/J 13/P62/Q4

(i) p = 4/9 or 5/9 B1 Binomial term 5Cxpx(1 – p)5 – x seen

P(at least 2) = 1 – P(0, 1) M1
= 1 – (5/9)5 – (4/9)(5/9)4 5C1

= 0.735 A1 [3] Correct answer

(ii) np = 96 npq = 32 p = P ( ≤ k) M1 Using np = 96 npq = 32 to obtain eqn

in 1 variable

p = 2/3 q = 1/3 n = 144 A1 1/3 or 2/3 seen or implied

k=6 A1ft Correct k ft k = 9p

n = 144 A1 [4] correct n

30. M/J 13/P61/Q5

(i) X ~ Bin (12, 0.2) B1 Bin or B

B1 12
B1 [3] 0.2 or 1/5

(ii) P ( X = 3, 4, 5) = 0.230.8912C3 + 0.240.8812C4 M1 Bin exprerssion with any p

+ 0.250.8712C5
= 0.23622 + 0.13287 + 0.05315 A1ft Correct unsimplified expression, their p
= 0.422 A1 [3] Correct answer

(iii) P (X = 0) < 0.01 M1 [3] Statement involving P(X = 0) and 0.01

can be implied
0.8n < 0.01 M1 Equn involving ‘0.8’, 0.01 or 0.99
n = 21 A1 Correct answer

31. M/J 13/P63/Q2

P(at least 2) = P(2, 3) or 1 – P(0, 1) M1 Summing, or 1– , two different three-factor prob

expressions, 3 C2 not needed
5 4 7 5 4 3
= × × × 3C2 + × × M1 12, 11, 10 seen or implied in denominator
12 11 10 12 11 10
M1 Mult a prob by 3 C2 or 3 C1 oe
4
= (0.364) A1 [4] Correct answer
11
( C ) +( 5 C 2 × 7 C1 ) M1 5 C3 seen added in numerator
OR 5 3
12 C 3 M1 5 C2 seen mult alone or in numerator
M1 12 C3 seen in denom

A1 Correct answer

32. O/N 12/P61/Q5

(i) P(> 1) = 1 – (0.95)20 – (0.95)19(0.05)120C1 M1 Binomial term 20Cx(0.05)x(0.95)20–x

M1 Correct unsimplified expression
= 0.264 A1 [3] Correct answer

(ii) Profit 19 or 20 work = 450 × 10 – 480 B1 4020 seen

= 4020
Profit < 19 work = – 480 M1 Multiplying 4020 by their (i) or their
4020 × (1 − 0.264) − M1 (1 – (i))
Expected profit =
480 × 0.264 Multiplying 480 by [1 – their (i)] and
subtracting
= $2830 ($2832) A1 [4] Rounding to correct answer

Or –480 + 4500 (1 – 0.264) = 2830

Page 327
 33. M/J 12/P62/Q3
(i) P(2 < X < 12) = 1 – P(0, 1, 2, 12) M1 Using binomial with 12Csomething and powers
summing to 12, Σp = 1
= 1 – (0.35)12 – (0.65)(0.35)1112C1 – A1 Correct unsimplified answer
(0.65)2(0.35)1012C2 – (0.65)12
= 1 – 0.0065359
= 0.993 A1 [3] Accept 0.994 from correct working only
(ii) 1 – (0.87)n > 0.95 M1 Equality or inequality in (0.87 or 0.78 or
0.35), power n or n – 1, 0.95 or 0.05
0.05 > (0.87)n M1 Attempt to solve an equation with a power in
(can be implied)
n = 22 A1 [3] Correct answer

34. M/J 12/P61/Q4

(i) P(X < 5) = 1 – P(5, 6, 7) M1 Binomial expression with powers Σ 7 and

= 1 – (0.21)5(0.79)2 7C5 –(0.21)6(0.79)17C6 probs Σ = 1, and 7Cr
– (0.21)7 A1 Correct unsimplified expression
= 0.994 A1 [3] Correct answer

(ii) P(at least 1) = 1 – P(0) = 1 – (0.79)7 M1 Attempt to find P(at least 1) or 1– P(0 and 1)
= 0.808 A1 Rounding to correct answer
P(exactly 3 weeks) = (0.808)3(0.192)4C3 M1 Bin expression with powers Σ 4 and their 0.808
etc. and 4C3
= 0.405 A1 [4] Correct answer
35. O/N 11/P62/Q6

(i) P(0, 1, 2) B1 0.15 and 0.85 seen

=(0.85)6 + (0.15)(0.85)56C1 + M1 Any binomial expression Σpowers = 6,
(0.15)2(0.85)46C2 Σp=1
= 0.953 A1 [3] Correct answer
(ii) P(D) = 0.6 × 0.1 + 0.4 × 0.55 = 0.28 M1 Attempt to find P(D)
P( B ∩ D) A1 0.28 seen
P(B|D) = M1 Using cond prob formula to find
P( D)
P(B|D)
0.06/0.28 = 0.2143 √A1 Correct unsimplified answer

P(> 1) = 1 – P(0) M1 Binomial expression 1 –P(0) or 1 –P(0,

= 1 – (0.7857)5 1) Σ p = 1
= 1 – 0.7078 A1 [6] Correct answer accept 0.700
= 0.701

36. M/J 11/P61/Q7/a

(a) (i) P(at least one 3) = 1 – P(no 3s)

= 1 – (5/6)9 M1 Using 1 – none
= 0.806 A1 [2] Correct answer
(ii) P(at least 1 three) = 1 – (5/6)n B1
1 – (5/6)n > 0.9 M1 Equation or inequality involving n and 0.9
n > 12.6 M1 Solving attempt of sensible equation, can
be trial
n = 13 A1 [4] Correct answer

Page 328
 37. M/J 11/P63/Q6

(i) (0.75)n < 0.06 M1* Equation or inequality with 0.75n and 0.06
or 0.94 seen
n > 9.78 M1dep* Attempt at solving by trial and error (can
be implied) or using logarithms correctly
n = 10 A1 [3] Correct answer
(ii) E(X) = 14 × 0.75 or 10.5 M1 Evaluating binomial probability for an
Try P(10) = 14C10(0.75)10(0.25)4 = 0.220 integer value directly above or below their
mean
P(11) = 14C11(0.75)11(0.25)3 = 0.240 M1 Evaluating the other binomial probability
(mode is) 11 A1 [3] Correct answer

OR M1 Evaluating binomial P(n) and P(n + 1)

M1 Evaluating binomial P(10), P(11) and P(12)
A1 Correct answer
(iii) P(> 11) M1 A binomial term of the form
= 14C12(0.75)12(0.25)2 + 14C13(0.75)13(0.25)1 14
Cn pn(1 − p)14 – n seen, n ≠ 0 or 14
+ (0.75)14 M1 Summing binomial P(12, 13, 14) or
P(11, 12, 13, 14,)
= 0.281 A1 Correct answer 0.280 – 0.282

P(3) = 5C3 (0.2811)3(0.7189)2 M1 A binomial term of the form 5C3p3(1 − p)2

seen, any p
= 0.115 A1 [5] Correct answer
38. M/J 10/P63/Q3

(i) P(> 5) = 7C6(0.6)6(0.4) + (0.6)7 M1 Summing 2 or 3 binomial probs of the form

7
= 0.1306 + 0.02799 Cr(0.6)r(0.4)7–r
= 0.159 A1 Correct answer
[2]

(ii) P(bark) = P(park, bark) + P(not park, bark) M1 Summing two appropriate 2-factor
= 0.6 × 0.35 + 0.4 × 0.75 probabilities
= 0.51 A1 Correct answer
[2]

(iii) Variance (number of times) = 7.2 B1 Correct final answer

[1]

39. O/N 9/P62/Q5

(i) 40 = 120 / 3 so r = 3 M1 r = 3 seen or obtained from table
P(40) = 3/45 = 1/15 AG A1 [2] Given answer legit obtained
(ii)
x 120 60 40 30 B1 8 or 9 values for x, correct to nearest integer
P(X = x) 1/45 2/45 3/45 4/45 B1 One correct probability apart from 1/15
B1 [3] Correct table
24 20 17.14 15 13.3
5/45 6/45 7/45 8/45 9/45

(iii) 40/3 oe (13.3) B1ft [1] ft their table

(iv) P(18 < X < 100) = (2 + 3 + 4 + 5 M1 Adding 5 probabilities o.e.
+ 6)/45
= 20/45 (4/9) (0.444) A1 [2] Correct answer

Page 329
40. M/J 6/P6/Q6

Page 330
 Unit- 4.3 Geometric Distribution
1. M/J 22/P51/Q4/d
Jacob has four coins. One of the coins is biased such that when it is thrown the probability of obtaining
7 . The other three coins are fair. Jacob throws all four coins once. The number of heads
a head is 10
that he obtains is denoted by the random variable X . The probability distribution table for X is as
follows.

x 0 1 2 3 4
P X = x
3 a b c 7
80 80

(a) Find the probability that Jacob obtains exactly one head for the first time on the 7th or 8th time
that he throws the 4 coins. [2]

2. M/J 22/P53/Q4

Ramesh throws an ordinary fair 6-sided die.

(a) Find the probability that he obtains a 4 for the first time on his 8th throw. [1]
(b) Find the probability that it takes no more than 5 throws for Ramesh to obtain a 4. [2]
Ramesh now repeatedly throws two ordinary fair 6-sided dice at the same time. Each time he adds
the two numbers that he obtains.
(c) For 10 randomly chosen throws of the two dice, find the probability that Ramesh obtains a total
of less than 4 on at least three throws. [4]
3. O/N 21/P52/Q5
In a certain region, the probability that any given day in October is wet is 0.16, independently of other
days.

(a) Find the probability that, in a 10-day period in October, fewer than 3 days will be wet. [3]
(b) Find the probability that the first wet day in October is 8 October. [2]
(c) For 4 randomly chosen years, find the probability that in exactly 1 of these years the first wet day
in October is 8 October. [2]
4. O/N 21/P51/Q1
Two fair coins are thrown at the same time. The random variable X is the number of throws of the
two coins required to obtain two tails at the same time.

(a) Find the probability that two tails are obtained for the first time on the 7th throw. [2]
(b) Find the probability that it takes more than 9 throws to obtain two tails for the first time. [2]

5. O/N 21/P53/Q6/c,d
In a game, Jim throws three darts at a board. This is called a ‘turn’. The centre of the board is called
the bull’s-eye.
The random variable X is the number of darts in a turn that hit the bull’s-eye. The probability
distribution of X is given in the following table.

x 0 1 2 3
P X = x
0.6 p q 0.05

It is given that E X
= 0.55.

Jim is practising for a competition and he repeatedly throws three darts at the board.

(c) Find the probability that X = 1 in at least 3 of 12 randomly chosen turns. [3]
(d) Find the probability that Jim first succeeds in hitting the bull’s-eye with all three darts on his 9th
turn. [1]

Page 331
6. M/J 21/P52/Q1
An ordinary fair die is thrown repeatedly until a 5 is obtained. The number of throws taken is denoted
by the random variable X .

(a) Write down the mean of X . [1]

(b) Find the probability that a 5 is first obtained after the 3rd throw but before the 8th throw. [2]
(c) Find the probability that a 5 is first obtained in fewer than 10 throws. [2]

7. M/J 21/P51/Q1
A bag contains 12 marbles, each of a different size. 8 of the marbles are red and 4 of the marbles are
blue.
How many different selections of 5 marbles contain at least 4 marbles of the same colour? [4]

8. MAR 21/P52/Q1

A fair spinner with 5 sides numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 is spun repeatedly. The score on each spin is the
number on the side on which the spinner lands.
(a) Find the probability that a score of 3 is obtained for the first time on the 8th spin. [1]
(b) Find the probability that fewer than 6 spins are required to obtain a score of 3 for the first time.
[2]
9. O/N 20/P52/Q1
A fair six-sided die, with faces marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, is thrown repeatedly until a 4 is obtained.
(a) Find the probability that obtaining a 4 requires fewer than 6 throws. [2]
On another occasion, the die is thrown 10 times.
(b) Find the probability that a 4 is obtained at least 3 times. [3]

10. O/N 20/P51/Q3

Kayla is competing in a throwing event. A throw is counted as a success if the distance achieved is
greater than 30 metres. The probability that Kayla will achieve a success on any throw is 0.25.

(a) Find the probability that Kayla takes more than 6 throws to achieve a success. [2]
(b) Find the probability that, for a random sample of 10 throws, Kayla achieves at least 3 successes.
[3]
11. O/N 20/P53/Q2
An ordinary fair die is thrown until a 6 is obtained.
(a) Find the probability that obtaining a 6 takes more than 8 throws. [2]
Two ordinary fair dice are thrown together until a pair of 6s is obtained. The number of throws taken
is denoted by the random variable X .

(b) Find the expected value of X . [1]

12. M/J 20/P51/Q1

The score when two fair six-sided dice are thrown is the sum of the two numbers on the upper faces.
1.
(a) Show that the probability that the score is 4 is 12 [1]
The two dice are thrown repeatedly until a score of 4 is obtained. The number of throws taken is
denoted by the random variable X .
(b) Find the mean of X . [1]
(c) Find the probability that a score of 4 is first obtained on the 6th throw. [1]

Page 332
13. M/J 20/P53/Q5

A pair of fair coins is thrown repeatedly until a pair of tails is obtained. The random variable X
denotes the number of throws required to obtain a pair of tails.

(a) Find the expected value of X . [1]

(b) Find the probability that exactly 3 throws are required to obtain a pair of tails. [1]
(c) Find the probability that fewer than 6 throws are required to obtain a pair of tails. [2]
On a different occasion, a pair of fair coins is thrown 80 times.
(d) Use an approximation to find the probability that a pair of tails is obtained more than 25 times.
[5]
14. MAR 20/P52/Q2/a
An ordinary fair die is thrown repeatedly until a 1 or a 6 is obtained.
(a) Find the probability that it takes at least 3 throws but no more than 5 throws to obtain a 1 or a 6.
[3]

Page 333
 Unit- 4.3 Geometric Distribution Answer Section
1. M/J 22/P51/Q4/d

(a) 0.86  0.2  0.87  0.2 = 0.0524288 + 0.041943 M1 p l  1  p   p m  1  p  , l = 6, 7

m = l + 1, 0 < p < 1

0.0944 A1 0.09437 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.0944

2. M/J 22/P53/Q4

(a)  5  7 1  78125 B1 0.0465 ⩽ p < 0.04652

     0.0465,
 6  6  1679616

(b) 5
5 2 3
1  5  1   5   1   5   1   5   1 
4 M1 1 – pn, 0 < p < 1, n = 4, 5, 6 or sum of 4, 5 or 6
P(X < 6) = 1    or                    terms p  1  p  for n  0,1, 2,3, 4  5  .
n
6 6  6  6   6   6   6   6   6   6 

4651 A1
0.598,
7776

(c) 3 1 B1 SOI
[Probability of total less than 4 is] or
36 12

[1 – P(0, 1, 2)] M1 One term 10Cx p x 1  p 

10  x
, for 0 < x < 10,
0 10 1 9 2 8
 1   11   1   11   1   11  0 < p < 1.
= 1  ( 10C0     + 10C1     + 10
C2     )
 12   12   12   12   12   12 

1 – (0.418904 + 0.380822 + 0.155791) A1 FT Correct expression. Accept unsimplified.

0.0445 A1 0.04448 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.0445

Page 334
 3. O/N 21/P52/Q5

(a) [P(0, 1, 2) =] 10C0 0.160 0.8410 + 10C1 0.161 0.849 + 10C2 0.162 0.848 M1 One term: 10Cx px (1 – p)10–x for 0 < x < 10, any p.
[= 0.17490 + 0.333145 + 0.28555]
A1 Correct unsimplified expression, or better.

0.794 A1 0.7935 < p ⩽ 0.794, mark at most accurate.

If M0 scored, SC B1 for final answer 0.794.

(b) ( 0.84 )
7
0.16 M1 (1 – p)7p, 0 < p < 1

0.0472 A1 0.0472144 to at least 3sf.

(c) 4 × 0.0472 × (1 – 0.0472)3 M1 4 × q(1 – q)3, q = their (b) or correct.

0.163 A1 0.163 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.1634, mark at most accurate from their probability to at

least 3sf.

4. O/N 21/P51/Q1

(a) 3 1
6 M1 (1 − p )
6
p, 0 < p < 1
 
4 4

729 A1
0.0445,
16384

(b) 3
9 M1  3
n
n
    or p , 0 < p < 1, n = 8, 9,10
4  4

19683 A1
0.0751,
262144

Page 335
9709/53 5. O/N 21/P53/Q6/c,d Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2021

Question Answer Marks Guidance

5(a) 1 – P(0, 1, 2) = 1 – (12C0 0.30 0.712 + 12C1 0.31 0.711 + 12C2 0.32 0.710) M1 One correct term: 12Cx px (1 – p)12–x for 0 < x < 12,
0 < p <1.

1 – (0.01384 + 0.07118 + 0.16779) A1FT Correct unsimplified expression, or better in final answer.
Unsimplified expression must be seen to FT their p from
6(a) or correct.

0.747 A1

5(b) ( 0.95)
8
× 0.05 = 0.0332 or 0.958 − 0.959 = 0.0332 B1 Evaluated.

1
6. M/J 21/P52/Q1

6(a) 6 B1 WWW

6(b) 3 4
5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1
5 6 M1 p3(1 – p) + p4(1 – p) + p5(1 – p) + p6(1 – p), 0 < p < 1
  +  +  + 
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

0.300 (0.2996…) A1 At least 3s.f. Award at most accurate value.

(c) 5
9 M1 1 – pn, 0 < p < 1, n = 9, 10
1−  
6

0.806 A1

Page 336
7. M/J 21/P51/Q1

7 RRRRB 8C4 × 4C1 = 280 M1 8

Cx × 4Cy with x + y = 5. x, y both integers, 1 ⩽ x ⩽ 5,
BBBBR 8C1 × 4C4 = 8 0 ⩽ y ⩽ 4 condone 8C1 × 1
RRRRR 8C5 = 56
A1 Two correct outcomes evaluated

M1 Add 2 or 3 identified correct scenarios only (no

additional terms, not probabilities)

[Total =] 344 A1 WWW, only dependent on 2nd M mark

4 SC not all (or no) scenarios identified

B1 280 + 8 + 56 DB1 344

8. MAR 21/P52/Q1

8(a)  4 7 1  16384 B1 Evaluated, final answer.

  =  or 0∙0419[43…]
 5  5  390625

(b) 5 2 3 4 M1 1 – pn n = 5,6
 4 1 4 1 4 1  4 1  4 1
1−   or + ×   × +   × +   × or p + pq + pq2+pq3+ pq4 (+ pq5)
 5 5 5 5 5  5  5  5  5  5 0 < p < 1, p + q = 1,
Sum of a geometric series may be used.

2101 A1 Final answer.

or 0∙672[32]
3125

Alternative method for question 1(b)

[P(at least 1 three scored in 5 throws) =] M1 ( p )5 + 5 C 4 ( p ) 4 ( q ) + 5 C3 ( p )3 ( q ) 2 + 5 C 2 ( p ) 2 ( q )3 + 5 C1 ( p )( q ) 4

5 4 3 2 2 3 4
 1  5  1   4  5  1   4  5  1   4  5  1  4  or
  + C4     + C3     + C2     + C4    ( p ) 6 + 6 C 5 ( p )5 ( q ) + 6 C 4 ( p ) 4 ( q ) 2 + 6 C 3 ( p )3 ( q )3
5 5  5 5  5 5  5  5  5 
+ 6 C 2 ( p ) 2 ( q ) 4 + 6 C1 ( p )( q )5 , 0 < p < 1, p + q = 1
At least first, last and one intermediate term is required to
show pattern of terms if not all terms stated.

2101 A1 Final answer.

or 0∙672[32]
3125

Page 337
9. O/N 20/P52/Q1

9(a) 5
5 M1 1 – pn n = 5,6
1−   or p + pq + pq2+pq3+ pq4 (+ pq5)
6 0 < p < 1, p + q = 1,
2 3 4
1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1
or + × +  × +  × +  ×
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

4651 A1
0·598,
7776

9(b) (1 – P(0, 1, 2)) M1 10 10 − x

Cx p x (1 − p ) , 0 < p < 1, any p, x ≠ 0,10
  5 10  1  5 
9
1 5 
2 8
1 –    +10C1    + 10C2     
 6   6  6   6   6  


1 – (0·1615056 + 0·3230111 + 0·290710) A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified, condone omission of

final bracket

0·225 A1 0·2247 < p ≤ 0·225, WWW

10. O/N 20/P51/Q3

(a) P(X > 6) = 0.756 M1 pn, n = 6, 7 0 < p < 1

729 A1 0·17797…
0.178,
4096

(b) 1 – P(0, 1, 2) = 1 – ( 0.7510 + 10C1 0.251 0.759 + 10C2 0.252 0.758 ) M1 Binomial term of form 10Cx p x (1 − p )10− x , 0 < p < 1,
any p, x ≠ 0, 10

1 – (0·0563135 + 0·1877117 + 0·2815676) A1 Correct unsimplified expression

0·474 A1 0·474 ⩽ p ⩽ 0·4744

Page 338
11. O/N 20/P53/Q2

(a) 5
8 M1 p8, 0 < p < 1, no x, + or -
 
6

0.233 A1

(b) 36 B1

(c) 9
 35  1  35  1
10 M1 OE, unsimplified expression in form p9 q + p10 q ,
P(X =10) + P(X=11) =   + 
 36  36  36  36 p + q = 1, no ×

0.0425 A1

12. M/J 20/P51/Q1

12(a) 3 1 B1
Prob of 4 (from 1,3, 3,1 or 2,2) = = AG
36 12 1

(b) 1 B1
Mean = = 12
1
12 1

(c) 5
 11  1 161051 B1
  × = 0.0539 or
12
  12 2985984 1

(d)  11 
7 M1
1−  
 12 

16344637 A1
0.456 or
35831808

Page 339
13. M/J 20/P53/Q5

13(a) 1 B1
1
=4
4

(b) 9 B1
( = 0.141)
64

(c) 3
5 M1
P(X < 6) = 1 –  
4
(FT their probability/mean from part (a))

0.763 A1

(d) Mean = 80 × 0.25 = 20 M1

Var = 80 × 0.25 × 0.75 = 15

 25.5 − 20  M1
P(more than 25) = P  z > 
 15 

P(z > 1.42) M1

1 – 0.9222 M1

0.0778 A1

Page 340
14. MAR 20/P52/Q2/a

(a) 2 3
 1  2   1  2   1  2 
4 M1 One correct term with 0 < p < 1
   +    +   
 3  3   3  3   3  3 

4 8 16  2432  A1 Correct expression, accept unsimplified

= + + = 
27 81 243  7776 

76 A1
= or 0.313
243

Page 341
Page 342
Unit-5 Normal Distribution and Normal Approximation

1. M/J 22/P52/Q4

The weights, in kg, of bags of rice produced by Anders have the distribution N 2.02, 0.032
.
(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen bag of rice produced by Anders weighs between
1.98 and 2.03 kg. [3]
The weights of bags of rice produced by Binders are normally distributed with mean 2.55 kg and
standard deviation 3 kg. In a random sample of 5000 of these bags, 134 weighed more than 2.6 kg.
(b) Find the value of 3. [4]

2. M/J 22/P52/Q5/b
In a large college, 28% of the students do not play any musical instrument, 52% play exactly one
musical instrument and the remainder play two or more musical instruments.

A random sample of 12 students from the college is chosen.

(b) Use an approximation to find the probability that fewer than 40 of these students play exactly
one musical instrument. [5]
3. M/J 22/P51/Q5

The lengths, in cm, of the leaves of a particular type are modelled by the distribution N 5.2, 1.52
.
(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen leaf of this type has length less than 6 cm. [2]
The lengths of the leaves of another type are also modelled by a normal distribution. A scientist
measures the lengths of a random sample of 500 leaves of this type and finds that 46 are less than 3 cm
long and 95 are more than 8 cm long.
(b) Find estimates for the mean and standard deviation of the lengths of leaves of this type. [5]

4. M/J 22/P53/Q5
Farmer Jones grows apples. The weights, in grams, of the apples grown this year are normally
distributed with mean 170 and standard deviation 25. Apples that weigh between 142 grams and
205 grams are sold to a supermarket.

(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen apple grown by Farmer Jones this year is sold to the
supermarket. [4]
Farmer Jones sells the apples to the supermarket at $0.24 each. He sells apples that weigh more than
205 grams to a local shop at $0.30 each. He does not sell apples that weigh less than 142 grams.

The total number of apples grown by Farmer Jones this year is 20 000.
(b) Calculate an estimate for his total income from this year’s apples. [3]
Farmer Tan also grows apples. The weights, in grams, of the apples grown this year follow the
distribution N 182, 202
. 72% of these apples have a weight more than w grams.

(c) Find the value of w. [3]

5. M/J 21/P52/Q2
The weights of bags of sugar are normally distributed with mean 1.04 kg and standard deviation 3 kg.
In a random sample of 2000 bags of sugar, 72 weighed more than 1.10 kg.
Find the value of 3. [4]
6. M/J 21/P52/Q5/c
Every day Richard takes a flight between Astan and Bejin. On any day, the probability that the flight
arrives early is 0.15, the probability that it arrives on time is 0.55 and the probability that it arrives
late is 0.3.
(a) 60 days are chosen at random.
Use an approximation to find the probability that Richard’s flight arrives early at least 12 times.
[5]
Page 343
7. M/J 21/P51/Q2
A company produces a particular type of metal rod. The lengths of these rods are normally distributed
with mean 25.2 cm and standard deviation 0.4 cm. A random sample of 500 of these rods is chosen.

How many rods in this sample would you expect to have a length that is within 0.5 cm of the mean
length? [5]

8. M/J 21/P51/Q6(b,c)
In Questa, 60% of the adults travel to work by car.
(a) A random sample of 150 adults from Questa is taken.
Use an approximation to find the probability that the number who travel to work by car is less
than 81. [5]
(b) Justify the use of your approximation in part (b). [1]

9. M/J 21/P53/Q5
The lengths of the leaves of a particular type of tree are modelled by a normal distribution. A scientist
measures the lengths of a random sample of 500 leaves from this type of tree and finds that 42 are less
than 4 cm long and 100 are more than 10 cm long.

(a) Find estimates for the mean and standard deviation of the lengths of leaves from this type of tree.
[5]
The lengths, in cm, of the leaves of a different type of tree have the distribution N -, 3 2
. The scientist
takes a random sample of 800 leaves from this type of tree.
(b) Find how many of these leaves the scientist would expect to have lengths, in cm, between - − 23
and - + 23. [4]

10. M/J 21/P53/Q7/b,ii

In the region of Arka, the total number of households in the three villages Reeta, Shan and Teber is 800.
Each of the households was asked about the quality of their broadband service. Their responses are
summarised in the following table.

Quality of broadband service

Excellent Good Poor
Reeta 75 118 32
Village Shan 223 177 40
Teber 12 60 63
(i) 120 households in Arka are chosen at random.
Use an approximation to find the probability that more than 32 of these households have no
broadband service. [5]
11. O/N 20/P52/Q3
Pia runs 2 km every day and her times in minutes are normally distributed with mean 10.1 and standard
deviation 1.3.

(a) Find the probability that on a randomly chosen day Pia takes longer than 11.3 minutes to run
2 km. [3]
(b) On 75% of days, Pia takes longer than t minutes to run 2 km. Find the value of t. [3]
(c) On how many days in a period of 90 days would you expect Pia to take between 8.9 and
11.3 minutes to run 2 km? [3]

Page 344
12. O/N 20/P53/Q1

The times taken to swim 100 metres by members of a large swimming club have a normal distribution
with mean 62 seconds and standard deviation 5 seconds.

(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen member of the club takes between 56 and 66 seconds
to swim 100 metres. [3]
(b) 13% of the members of the club take more than t minutes to swim 100 metres. Find the value
of t. [3]

13. O/N 20/P53/Q4

The 13 00 train from Jahor to Keman runs every day. The probability that the train arrives late in
Keman is 0.35.

(a) For a random sample of 7 days, find the probability that the train arrives late on fewer than 3 days.
[3]
A random sample of 142 days is taken.

(b) Use an approximation to find the probability that the train arrives late on more than 40 days. [5]

14. M/J 20/P52/Q4

Trees in the Redian forest are classified as tall, medium or short, according to their height. The heights
can be modelled by a normal distribution with mean 40 m and standard deviation 12 m. Trees with a
height of less than 25 m are classified as short.
(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen tree is classified as short. [3]
Of the trees that are classified as tall or medium, one third are tall and two thirds are medium.
(b) Show that the probability that a randomly chosen tree is classified as tall is 0.298, correct to
3 decimal places. [2]
(c) Find the height above which trees are classified as tall. [3]

15. M/J 20/P52/Q7/c

On any given day, the probability that Moena messages her friend Pasha is 0.72.
(c) Use an approximation to find the probability that in any period of 100 days Moena messages
Pasha on fewer than 64 days. [5]
16. M/J 20/P51/Q6
The lengths of female snakes of a particular species are normally distributed with mean 54 cm and
standard deviation 6.1 cm.

(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen female snake of this species has length between
50 cm and 60 cm. [4]
The lengths of male snakes of this species also have a normal distribution. A scientist measures the
lengths of a random sample of 200 male snakes of this species. He finds that 32 have lengths less than
45 cm and 17 have lengths more than 56 cm.

(b) Find estimates for the mean and standard deviation of the lengths of male snakes of this species.
[5]
17. M/J 20/P53/Q3

In a certain town, the time, X hours, for which people watch television in a week has a normal
distribution with mean 15.8 hours and standard deviation 4.2 hours.

(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen person from this town watches television for less
than 21 hours in a week. [2]
(b) Find the value of k such that P X < k
= 0.75. [3]

Page 345
18. MAR 20/P52/Q3

The weights of apples of a certain variety are normally distributed with mean 82 grams. 22% of these
apples have a weight greater than 87 grams.
(a) Find the standard deviation of the weights of these apples. [3]
(b) Find the probability that the weight of a randomly chosen apple of this variety differs from the
mean weight by less than 4 grams. [4]

19. MAR 20/P52/Q5/b

In Greenton, 70% of the adults own a car. A random sample of 8 adults from Greenton is chosen.
A random sample of 120 adults from Greenton is now chosen.

(b) Use an approximation to find the probability that more than 75 of them own a car. [5]

20. O/N 19/P62/Q4/ii

In Quarendon, 66% of households are satisfied with the speed of their wifi connection.
(i) A random sample of 150 households in Quarendon is chosen. Use a suitable approximation to
find the probability that more than 84 are satisfied with the speed of their wifi connection. [5]

21. O/N 19/P62/Q6

The heights, in metres, of fir trees in a large forest have a normal distribution with mean 40 and
standard deviation 8.

(i) Find the probability that a fir tree chosen at random in this forest has a height less than 45 metres.
[2]
(ii) Find the probability that a fir tree chosen at random in this forest has a height within 5 metres of
the mean. [2]
In another forest, the heights of another type of fir tree are modelled by a normal distribution. A
scientist measures the heights of 500 randomly chosen trees of this type. He finds that 48 trees are
less than 10 m high and 76 trees are more than 24 m high.
(iii) Find the mean and standard deviation of the heights of trees of this type. [5]

22. O/N 19/P61/Q7

The shortest time recorded by an athlete in a 400 m race is called their personal best (PB). The PBs
of the athletes in a large athletics club are normally distributed with mean 49.2 seconds and standard
deviation 2.8 seconds.

(i) Find the probability that a randomly chosen athlete from this club has a PB between 46 and
53 seconds. [4]
(ii) It is found that 92% of athletes from this club have PBs of more than t seconds. Find the value
of t. [3]
Three athletes from the club are chosen at random.
(iii) Find the probability that exactly 2 have PBs of less than 46 seconds. [3]

23. O/N 19/P63/Q4

The heights of students at the Mainland college are normally distributed with mean 148 cm and
standard deviation 8 cm.
(i) The probability that a Mainland student chosen at random has a height less than h cm is 0.67.
Find the value of h. [3]
120 Mainland students are chosen at random.

(ii) Find the number of these students that would be expected to have a height within half a standard
deviation of the mean. [4]

Page 346
24. O/N 19/P63/Q7/ii
A competition is taking place between two choirs, the Notes and the Classics. There is a large audience
for the competition.
³ 30% of the audience are Notes supporters.
³ 45% of the audience are Classics supporters.
³ The rest of the audience are not supporters of either of these choirs.
³ No one in the audience supports both of these choirs.

(i) A random sample of 240 people is chosen from the audience. Use a suitable approximation to
find the probability that fewer than 50 do not support either of the choirs. [5]
25. M/J 19/P62/Q2

The volume of ink in a certain type of ink cartridge has a normal distribution with mean 30 ml and
standard deviation 1.5 ml. People in an office use a total of 8 cartridges of this ink per month. Find
the expected number of cartridges per month that contain less than 28.9 ml of this ink. [4]

26. M/J 19/P62/Q4

It is known that 20% of male giant pandas in a certain area weigh more than 121 kg and 71.9% weigh
more than 102 kg. Weights of male giant pandas in this area have a normal distribution. Find the
mean and standard deviation of the weights of male giant pandas in this area. [5]

27. M/J 19/P61/Q5(ii)

In a certain country the probability that a child owns a bicycle is 0.65.
(ii) A random sample of 250 children from this country is chosen. Use a suitable approximation to
find the probability that fewer than 179 own a bicycle. [4]
28. M/J 19/P61/Q7
The weight of adult female giraffes has a normal distribution with mean 830 kg and standard deviation
120 kg.

(i) There are 430 adult female giraffes in a particular game reserve. Find the number of these adult
female giraffes which can be expected to weigh less than 700 kg. [4]
(ii) Given that 90% of adult female giraffes weigh between 830 − w
kg and 830 + w
kg, find the
value of w. [3]
The weight of adult male giraffes has a normal distribution with mean 1190 kg and standard deviation
3 kg.

(iii) Given that 83.4% of adult male giraffes weigh more than 950 kg, find the value of 3. [3]

29. M/J 19/P63/Q1

The time taken, in minutes, by a ferry to cross a lake has a normal distribution with mean 85 and
standard deviation 6.8.
(i) Find the probability that, on a randomly chosen occasion, the time taken by the ferry to cross the
lake is between 79 and 91 minutes. [3]
(ii) Over a long period it is found that 96% of ferry crossings take longer than a certain time t minutes.
Find the value of t. [3]
30. M/J 19/P63/Q5/ii
On average, 34% of the people who go to a particular theatre are men.
(ii) Use an approximation to find the probability that, in a random sample of 600 people who go to
the theatre, fewer than 190 are men. [5]

Page 347
31. MAR 19/P62/Q3
The times taken, in minutes, for trains to travel between Alphaton and Beeton are normally distributed
with mean 140 and standard deviation 12.
(i) Find the probability that a randomly chosen train will take less than 132 minutes to travel between
Alphaton and Beeton. [3]
(ii) The probability that a randomly chosen train takes more than k minutes to travel between
Alphaton and Beeton is 0.675. Find the value of k. [3]
32. MAR 19/P62/Q6/iii
The results of a survey by a large supermarket show that 35% of its customers shop online.
(i) For a random sample of 100 customers, use a suitable approximating distribution to find the
probability that more than 39 shop online. [5]
33. O/N 18/P62/Q7
(a) The time, X hours, for which students use a games machine in any given day has a normal
distribution with mean 3.24 hours and standard deviation 0.96 hours.
(i) On how many days of the year (365 days) would you expect a randomly chosen student to
use a games machine for less than 4 hours? [3]
(ii) Find the value of k such that P X > k
= 0.2. [3]
(iii) Find the probability that the number of hours for which a randomly chosen student uses a
games machine in a day is within 1.5 standard deviations of the mean. [3]

(b) The variable Y is normally distributed with mean - and standard deviation 3 , where 43 = 3- and
- ≠ 0. Find the probability that a randomly chosen value of Y is positive. [3]
34. O/N 18/P61/Q4
(a) It is given that X ∼ N 31.4, 3.6
. Find the probability that a randomly chosen value of X is less
than 29.4. [3]
(b) The lengths of fish of a particular species are modelled by a normal distribution. A scientist
measures the lengths of 400 randomly chosen fish of this species. He finds that 42 fish are less
than 12 cm long and 58 are more than 19 cm long. Find estimates for the mean and standard
deviation of the lengths of fish of this species. [5]
35. O/N 18/P61/Q5/ii,iii
(i) A random sample of 200 students who will take this examination is chosen. Use a suitable
approximate distribution to find the probability that more than 166 of them will pass the
examination. [5]
(ii) Justify the use of your approximate distribution in part (ii). [1]

36. O/N 18/P63/Q5

The weights of apples sold by a store can be modelled by a normal distribution with mean 120 grams
and standard deviation 24 grams. Apples weighing less than 90 grams are graded as ‘small’; apples
weighing more than 140 grams are graded as ‘large’; the remainder are graded as ‘medium’.
(i) Show that the probability that an apple chosen at random is graded as medium is 0.692, correct
to 3 significant figures. [4]
(ii) Four apples are chosen at random. Find the probability that at least two are graded as medium.
[4]
Page 348
37. O/N 18/P63/Q6
The lifetimes, in hours, of a particular type of light bulb are normally distributed with mean 2000 hours
and standard deviation 3 hours. The probability that a randomly chosen light bulb of this type has a
lifetime of more than 1800 hours is 0.96.
(i) Find the value of 3. [3]
New technology has resulted in a new type of light bulb. It is found that on average one in five of
these new light bulbs has a lifetime of more than 2500 hours.
(ii) For a random selection of 300 of these new light bulbs, use a suitable approximate distribution
to find the probability that fewer than 70 have a lifetime of more than 2500 hours. [4]
(iii) Justify the use of your approximate distribution in part (ii).. [1]

38. O/N 17/P62/Q5

Blank CDs are packed in boxes of 30. The probability that a blank CD is faulty is 0.04. A box is
rejected if more than 2 of the blank CDs are faulty.
(i) Find the probability that a box is rejected. [3]
(ii) 280 boxes are chosen randomly. Use an approximation to find the probability that at least 30 of
these boxes are rejected. [5]
39. O/N 17/P62/Q7
In Jimpuri the weights, in kilograms, of boys aged 16 years have a normal distribution with mean 61.4
and standard deviation 12.3.

(i) Find the probability that a randomly chosen boy aged 16 years in Jimpuri weighs more than
65 kilograms. [3]
(ii) For boys aged 16 years in Jimpuri, 25% have a weight between 65 kilograms and k kilograms,
where k is greater than 65. Find k. [4]
In Brigville the weights, in kilograms, of boys aged 16 years have a normal distribution. 99% of the
boys weigh less than 97.2 kilograms and 33% of the boys weigh less than 55.2 kilograms.

(iii) Find the mean and standard deviation of the weights of boys aged 16 years in Brigville. [5]

40. O/N 17/P61/Q7

The weight, in grams, of pineapples is denoted by the random variable X which has a normal
distribution with mean 500 and standard deviation 91.5. Pineapples weighing over 570 grams are
classified as ‘large’. Those weighing under 390 grams are classified as ‘small’ and the rest are classified
as ‘medium’.
(i) Find the proportions of large, small and medium pineapples. [5]
(ii) Find the weight exceeded by the heaviest 5% of pineapples. [3]
(iii) Find the value of k such that P k < X < 610
= 0.3. [5]

41. O/N 17/P63/Q7

Josie aims to catch a bus which departs at a fixed time every day. Josie arrives at the bus stop T minutes
before the bus departs, where T ∼ N 5.3, 2.12
.

(i) Find the probability that Josie has to wait longer than 6 minutes at the bus stop. [3]

On 5% of days Josie has to wait longer than x minutes at the bus stop.

(ii) Find the value of x. [3]

(iii) Find the probability that Josie waits longer than x minutes on fewer than 3 days in 10 days. [3]
(iv) Find the probability that Josie misses the bus. [3]

Page 349
42. M/J 17/P62/Q5

The lengths of videos of a certain popular song have a normal distribution with mean 3.9 minutes.
18% of these videos last for longer than 4.2 minutes.
(i) Find the standard deviation of the lengths of these videos. [3]
(ii) Find the probability that the length of a randomly chosen video differs from the mean by less
than half a minute. [4]
The lengths of videos of another popular song have a normal distribution with the same mean of
3.9 minutes but the standard deviation is twice the standard deviation in part (i). The probability that
the length of a randomly chosen video of this song differs from the mean by less than half a minute is
denoted by p.

(iii) Without any further calculation, determine whether p is more than, equal to, or less than your
answer to part (ii). You must explain your reasoning. [2]

43. M/J 17/P61/Q6

(a) The random variable X has a normal distribution with mean - and standard deviation 3. You are
given that 3 = 0.25- and P X < 6.8
= 0.75.
(i) Find the value of -. [4]
(ii) Find P X < 4.7
. [3]
(b) The lengths of metal rods have a normal distribution with mean 16 cm and standard deviation
0.2 cm. Rods which are shorter than 15.75 cm or longer than 16.25 cm are not usable. Find the
expected number of usable rods in a batch of 1000 rods. [4]

44. M/J 17/P63/Q2

The probability that George goes swimming on any day is 31 . Use an approximation to calculate the
probability that in 270 days George goes swimming at least 100 times. [5]

45. M/J 17/P63/Q4

(a) The random variable X has the distribution N -, 3 2
, where - = 1.53 . A random value of X is
chosen. Find the probability that this value of X is greater than 0. [3]

(b) The life of a particular type of torch battery is normally distributed with mean 120 hours and
standard deviation s hours. It is known that 87.5% of these batteries last longer than 70 hours.
Find the value of s. [3]

46. O/N 16/P62/Q3

On any day at noon, the probabilities that Kersley is asleep or studying are 0.2 and 0.6 respectively.

(i) Find the probability that, in any 7-day period, Kersley is either asleep or studying at noon on at
least 6 days. [3]

(ii) Use an approximation to find the probability that, in any period of 100 days, Kersley is asleep at
noon on at most 30 days. [5]
47. O/N 16/P62/Q4
The time taken to cook an egg by people living in a certain town has a normal distribution with mean
4.2 minutes and standard deviation 0.6 minutes.

(i) Find the probability that a person chosen at random takes between 3.5 and 4.5 minutes to cook
an egg. [3]

12% of people take more than t minutes to cook an egg.

(ii) Find the value of t. [3]

(iii) A random sample of n people is taken. Find the smallest possible value of n if the probability
that none of these people takes more than t minutes to cook an egg is less than 0.003. [3]
Page 350
48. O/N 16/P61/Q1
The random variable X is such that X ∼ N 20, 49
. Given that P X > k
= 0.25, find the value of k.
[3]
49. O/N 16/P61/Q4

Packets of rice are filled by a machine and have weights which are normally distributed with mean
1.04 kg and standard deviation 0.017 kg.

(i) Find the probability that a randomly chosen packet weighs less than 1 kg. [3]

(ii) How many packets of rice, on average, would the machine fill from 1000 kg of rice? [1]

The factory manager wants to produce more packets of rice. He changes the settings on the machine so
that the standard deviation is the same but the mean is reduced to - kg. With this mean the probability
that a packet weighs less than 1 kg is 0.0388.

(iii) Find the value of -. [3]

(iv) How many packets of rice, on average, would the machine now fill from 1000 kg of rice? [1]
50. O/N 16/P63/Q6
The weights of bananas in a fruit shop have a normal distribution with mean 150 grams and standard
deviation 50 grams. Three sizes of banana are sold.
Small: under 95 grams
Medium: between 95 grams and 205 grams
Large: over 205 grams

(i) Find the proportion of bananas that are small. [3]

(ii) Find the weight exceeded by 10% of bananas. [3]

The prices of bananas are 10 cents for a small banana, 20 cents for a medium banana and 25 cents for
a large banana.

(iii) (a) Show that the probability that a randomly chosen banana costs 20 cents is 0.7286. [1]
(b) Calculate the expected total cost of 100 randomly chosen bananas. [3]
51. O/N 16/P63/Q7
Each day Annabel eats rice, potato or pasta. Independently of each other, the probability that she eats
rice is 0.75, the probability that she eats potato is 0.15 and the probability that she eats pasta is 0.1.

(i) Find the probability that, in any week of 7 days, Annabel eats pasta on exactly 2 days. [2]

(ii) Find the probability that, in a period of 5 days, Annabel eats rice on 2 days, potato on 1 day and
pasta on 2 days. [3]

(iii) Find the probability that Annabel eats potato on more than 44 days in a year of 365 days. [5]

52. M/J 16/P62/Q2

When visiting the dentist the probability of waiting less than 5 minutes is 0.16, and the probability of
waiting less than 10 minutes is 0.88.

(i) Find the probability of waiting between 5 and 10 minutes. [1]

A random sample of 180 people who visit the dentist is chosen.

(ii) Use a suitable approximation to find the probability that more than 115 of these people wait
between 5 and 10 minutes. [5]

Page 351
53. M/J 16/P61/Q1

The height of maize plants in Mpapwa is normally distributed with mean 1.62 m and standard deviation
3 m. The probability that a randomly chosen plant has a height greater than 1.8 m is 0.15. Find the
value of 3. [3]
54. M/J 16/P61/Q5
Plastic drinking straws are manufactured to fit into drinks cartons which have a hole in the top. A
straw fits into the hole if the diameter of the straw is less than 3 mm. The diameters of the straws have
a normal distribution with mean 2.6 mm and standard deviation 0.25 mm.

(i) A straw is chosen at random. Find the probability that it fits into the hole in a drinks carton. [3]

(ii) 500 straws are chosen at random. Use a suitable approximation to find the probability that at
least 480 straws fit into the holes in drinks cartons. [5]

(iii) Justify the use of your approximation. [1]

55. M/J 16/P63/Q5

The heights of school desks have a normal distribution with mean 69 cm and standard deviation 3 cm.
It is known that 15.5% of these desks have a height greater than 70 cm.

(i) Find the value of 3. [3]

When Jodu sits at a desk, his knees are at a height of 58 cm above the floor. A desk is comfortable for
Jodu if his knees are at least 9 cm below the top of the desk. Jodu’s school has 300 desks.

(ii) Calculate an estimate of the number of these desks that are comfortable for Jodu. [5]
56. M/J 16/P63/Q7
Passengers are travelling to Picton by minibus. The probability that each passenger carries a backpack
is 0.65, independently of other passengers. Each minibus has seats for 12 passengers.

(i) Find the probability that, in a full minibus travelling to Picton, between 8 passengers and
10 passengers inclusive carry a backpack. [3]

(ii) Passengers get on to an empty minibus. Find the probability that the fourth passenger who gets
on to the minibus will be the first to be carrying a backpack. [2]

(iii) Find the probability that, of a random sample of 250 full minibuses travelling to Picton, more
than 54 will contain exactly 7 passengers carrying backpacks. [6]

57. O/N 15/P62/Q7

(a) A petrol station finds that its daily sales, in litres, are normally distributed with mean 4520 and
standard deviation 560.
(i) Find on how many days of the year (365 days) the daily sales can be expected to exceed
3900 litres. [4]

The daily sales at another petrol station are X litres, where X is normally distributed with mean m
and standard deviation 560. It is given that P X > 8000
= 0.122.
(ii) Find the value of m. [3]
(iii) Find the probability that daily sales at this petrol station exceed 8000 litres on fewer than 2
of 6 randomly chosen days. [3]

(b) The random variable Y is normally distributed with mean - and standard deviation 3 . Given that
3 = 23 -, find the probability that a random value of Y is less than 2-. [3]

Page 352
58. O/N 15/P61/Q2

The random variable X has the distribution N -, 3 2
. It is given that P X < 54.1
= 0.5 and
P X > 50.9
= 0.8665. Find the values of - and 3 . [4]
59. O/N 15/P61/Q4
(a) Amy measured her pulse rate while resting, x beats per minute, at the same time each day on
30 days. The results are summarised below.

Σ x − 80
= −147 Σ x − 80
2 = 952

Find the mean and standard deviation of Amy’s pulse rate. [4]
(b) Amy’s friend Marok measured her pulse rate every day after running for half an hour. Marok’s
pulse rate, in beats per minute, was found to have a mean of 148.6 and a standard deviation of
18.5. Assuming that pulse rates have a normal distribution, find what proportion of Marok’s
pulse rates, after running for half an hour, were above 160 beats per minute. [3]
60. O/N 15/P61/Q7
The faces of a biased die are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. The probabilities of throwing odd numbers
are all the same. The probabilities of throwing even numbers are all the same. The probability of
throwing an odd number is twice the probability of throwing an even number.

(i) Find the probability of throwing a 3. [3]

(ii) The die is thrown three times. Find the probability of throwing two 5s and one 4. [3]

(iii) The die is thrown 100 times. Use an approximation to find the probability that an even number
is thrown at most 37 times. [5]
61. O/N 15/P63/Q4

The time taken for cucumber seeds to germinate under certain conditions has a normal distribution
with mean 125 hours and standard deviation 3 hours.

(i) It is found that 13% of seeds take longer than 136 hours to germinate. Find the value of 3 . [3]

(ii) 170 seeds are sown. Find the expected number of seeds which take between 131 and 141 hours
to germinate. [4]

62. O/N 15/P63/Q7

A factory makes water pistols, 8% of which do not work properly.
(i) A random sample of 19 water pistols is taken. Find the probability that at most 2 do not work
properly. [3]
(ii) In a random sample of n water pistols, the probability that at least one does not work properly is
greater than 0.9. Find the smallest possible value of n. [3]

(iii) A random sample of 1800 water pistols is taken. Use an approximation to find the probability
that there are at least 152 that do not work properly. [5]
(iv) Justify the use of your approximation in part (iii). [1]

63. M/J 15/P62/Q7

(a) Once a week Zak goes for a run. The time he takes, in minutes, has a normal distribution with
mean 35.2 and standard deviation 4.7.
(i) Find the expected number of days during a year (52 weeks) for which Zak takes less than
30 minutes for his run. [4]
(ii) The probability that Zak’s time is between 35.2 minutes and t minutes, where t > 35.2,
is 0.148. Find the value of t. [3]

(b) The random variable X has the distribution N -, 3 2
. It is given that P X < 7
= 0.2119 and
P X < 10
= 0.6700. Find the values of - and 3 . [5]

Page 353
64. M/J 15/P61/Q1

The lengths, in metres, of cars in a city are normally distributed with mean - and standard deviation
0.714. The probability that a randomly chosen car has a length more than 3.2 metres and less than
- metres is 0.475. Find -. [4]

65. M/J 15/P61/Q6

(i) In a certain country, 68% of households have a printer. Find the probability that, in a random
sample of 8 households, 5, 6 or 7 households have a printer. [4]

(ii) Use an approximation to find the probability that, in a random sample of 500 households, more
than 337 households have a printer. [5]

(iii) Justify your use of the approximation in part (ii). [1]

66. M/J 15/P63/Q1

The weights, in grams, of onions in a supermarket have a normal distribution with mean - and standard
deviation 22. The probability that a randomly chosen onion weighs more than 195 grams is 0.128.
Find the value of -. [3]
67. M/J 15/P63/Q5
The heights of books in a library, in cm, have a normal distribution with mean 21.7 and standard
deviation 6.5. A book with a height of more than 29 cm is classified as ‘large’.

(i) Find the probability that, of 8 books chosen at random, fewer than 2 books are classified as large.
[6]
(ii) n books are chosen at random. The probability of there being at least 1 large book is more
than 0.98. Find the least possible value of n. [3]

68. O/JN 14/P62/Q5

(a) The time, X hours, for which people sleep in one night has a normal distribution with mean
7.15 hours and standard deviation 0.88 hours.
(i) Find the probability that a randomly chosen person sleeps for less than 8 hours in a night.
[2]
(ii) Find the value of q such that P X < q
= 0.75. [3]

(b) The random variable Y has the distribution N -, 3 2
, where 23 = 3- and - ≠ 0. Find P Y > 4-
.
[3]
69. O/N 14/P62/Q7

In Marumbo, three quarters of the adults own a cell phone.

(i) A random sample of 8 adults from Marumbo is taken. Find the probability that the number of
adults who own a cell phone is between 4 and 6 inclusive. [3]

(ii) A random sample of 160 adults from Marumbo is taken. Use an approximation to find the
probability that more than 114 of them own a cell phone. [5]

(iii) Justify the use of your approximation in part (ii). [1]

Page 354
70. O/N 14/P61/Q6
A farmer finds that the weights of sheep on his farm have a normal distribution with mean 66.4 kg
and standard deviation 5.6 kg.

(i) 250 sheep are chosen at random. Estimate the number of sheep which have a weight of between
70 kg and 72.5 kg. [5]

(ii) The proportion of sheep weighing less than 59.2 kg is equal to the proportion weighing more
than y kg. Find the value of y. [2]

Another farmer finds that the weights of sheep on his farm have a normal distribution with mean  kg
and standard deviation 4.92 kg. 25% of these sheep weigh more than 67.5 kg.

(iii) Find the value of . [3]

71. O/N 14/P63/Q1

Packets of tea are labelled as containing 250 g. The actual weight of tea in a packet has a normal
distribution with mean 260 g and standard deviation 3 g. Any packet with a weight less than 250 g is
classed as ‘underweight’. Given that 1% of packets of tea are underweight, find the value of 3 . [3]
72. O/N 14/P63/Q5
Gem stones from a certain mine have weights, X grams, which are normally distributed with mean
1.9 g and standard deviation 0.55 g. These gem stones are sorted into three categories for sale
depending on their weights, as follows.

Small: under 1.2 g Medium: between 1.2 g and 2.5 g Large: over 2.5 g

(i) Find the proportion of gem stones in each of these three categories. [5]

(ii) Find the value of k such that P k < X < 2.5
= 0.8. [4]

73. M/J 14/P62/Q1

In a certain country 12% of houses have solar heating. 19 houses are chosen at random. Find the
probability that fewer than 4 houses have solar heating. [4]

74. M/J 14/P62/Q7

The time Rafa spends on his homework each day in term-time has a normal distribution with mean
1.9 hours and standard deviation 3 hours. On 80% of these days he spends more than 1.35 hours on
his homework.
(i) Find the value of 3 . [3]

(ii) Find the probability that, on a randomly chosen day in term-time, Rafa spends less than 2 hours
on his homework. [2]

(iii) A random sample of 200 days in term-time is taken. Use an approximation to find the probability
that the number of days on which Rafa spends more than 1.35 hours on his homework is between
163 and 173 inclusive. [6]

75. M/J 14/P61/Q1

The petrol consumption of a certain type of car has a normal distribution with mean 24 kilometres
per litre and standard deviation 4.7 kilometres per litre. Find the probability that the petrol consumption
of a randomly chosen car of this type is between 21.6 kilometres per litre and 28.7 kilometres per litre.
[4]

Page 355
76. M/J 14/P61/Q2
Lengths of a certain type of white radish are normally distributed with mean - cm and standard
deviation 3 cm. 4% of these radishes are longer than 12 cm and 32% are longer than 9 cm. Find -
and 3 . [5]

77. M/J 14/P63/Q2

There is a probability of 1 that Wenjie goes out with her friends on any particular day. 252 days are
7
chosen at random.

(i) Use a normal approximation to find the probability that the number of days on which Wenjie
goes out with her friends is less than than 30 or more than 44. [5]

(ii) Give a reason why the use of a normal approximation is justified. [1]
78. M/J 14/P63/Q5
When Moses makes a phone call, the amount of time that the call takes has a normal distribution with
mean 6.5 minutes and standard deviation 1.76 minutes.

(i) 90% of Moses’s phone calls take longer than t minutes. Find the value of t. [3]

(ii) Find the probability that, in a random sample of 9 phone calls made by Moses, more than 7 take
a time which is within 1 standard deviation of the mean. [5]

79. O/N 13/P62/Q1

It is given that X ∼ N 1.5, 3.22
. Find the probability that a randomly chosen value of X is less
than −2.4. [3]
80. O/N 13/P62/Q3
The amount of fibre in a packet of a certain brand of cereal is normally distributed with mean
160 grams. 19% of packets of cereal contain more than 190 grams of fibre.

(i) Find the standard deviation of the amount of fibre in a packet. [3]

(ii) Kate buys 12 packets of cereal. Find the probability that at least 1 of the packets contains more
than 190 grams of fibre. [2]
81. O/N 13/P62/Q5
On trains in the morning rush hour, each person is either a student with probability 0.36, or an office
worker with probability 0.22, or a shop assistant with probability 0.29 or none of these.

(i) 8 people on a morning rush hour train are chosen at random. Find the probability that between
4 and 6 inclusive are office workers. [3]

(ii) 300 people on a morning rush hour train are chosen at random. Find the probability that between
31 and 49 inclusive are neither students nor office workers nor shop assistants. [6]

82. O/N 13/P61/Q1

It is given that X ∼ N 30, 49
, Y ∼ N 30, 16
and Z ∼ N 50, 16
. On a single diagram, with the
horizontal axis going from 0 to 70, sketch three curves to represent the distributions of X , Y and Z .
[3]
83. O/N 13/P61/Q5
Lengths of a certain type of carrot have a normal distribution with mean 14.2 cm and standard deviation
3.6 cm.
(i) 8% of carrots are shorter than c cm. Find the value of c. [3]
(ii) Rebekah picks 7 carrots at random. Find the probability that at least 2 of them have lengths
between 15 and 16 cm. [6]

Page 356
84. O/N 13/P63/Q2 87. M/J 13/P62/Q1

A factory produces flower pots. The base diameters have a normal distribution with mean 14 cm
and standard deviation 0.52 cm. Find the probability that the base diameters of exactly 8 out of 10
randomly chosen flower pots are between 13.6 cm and 14.8 cm. [5]

85. O/N 13/P63/Q3

In a large consignment of mangoes, 15% of mangoes are classified as small, 70% as medium and
15% as large.

(i) Yue-chen picks 14 mangoes at random. Find the probability that fewer than 12 of them are
medium or large. [3]

(ii) Yue-chen picks n mangoes at random. The probability that none of these n mangoes is small is
at least 0.1. Find the largest possible value of n. [3]

86. O/N 13/P63/Q5

(a) The random variable X is normally distributed with mean 82 and standard deviation 7.4. Find
the value of q such that P 82 − q < X < 82 + q
= 0.44. [3]

(b) The random variable Y is normally distributed with mean - and standard deviation 3 . It is given
that 5- = 23 2 and that P Y < 12 -
= 0.281. Find the values of - and 3 . [4]

87. M/J 13/P62/Q1

The random variable Y is normally distributed with mean equal to five times the standard deviation.
It is given that P
Y > 20 = 0.0732. Find the mean. [3]

88. M/J 13/P61/Q2

Assume that, for a randomly chosen person, their next birthday is equally likely to occur on any
day of the week, independently of any other person’s birthday. Find the probability that, out of 350
randomly chosen people, at least 47 will have their next birthday on a Monday. [5]

89. M/J 13/P61/Q4

(a) The random variable Y is normally distributed with positive mean - and standard deviation 21 -.
Find the probability that a randomly chosen value of Y is negative. [3]

(b) The weights of bags of rice are normally distributed with mean 2.04 kg and standard deviation
3 kg. In a random sample of 8000 such bags, 253 weighed over 2.1 kg. Find the value of 3 . [4]

90. M/J 13/P63/Q4

In a certain country, on average one student in five has blue eyes.

(i) For a random selection of n students, the probability that none of the students has blue eyes is
less than 0.001. Find the least possible value of n. [3]

(ii) For a random selection of 120 students, find the probability that fewer than 33 have blue eyes.
[4]

Page 357
Page 358
9709/52
Unit-5 Normal Distribution and Normal Approximation May/June 2022
Question 1. M/J 22/P52/Q4 Answer Marks Guidance

1(a) 1.98  2.02 2.03  2.02 M1 Use of ±standardisation formula once with 2.02, 0.03 and either
[P(1.98 < X < 2.03) = ]P( z ) 1.98 or 2.03 substituted appropriately.
0.03 0.03
[= P( 1.333  z  0.333) ] Condone 0.032 and continuity correction ±0.005, not √0.03.

[= Φ  0.333  1  Φ 1.333  ] M1 Calculating the appropriate probability area from their z-values.
(or 0.6304 – 0.09121 or (0.9087 – 0.5) + (0.6304 – 0.5) etc)
= 0.6304 + 0.9087 – 1

0.539 A1 0.539 ⩽ z < 0.5395

Only dependent upon 2nd M mark.
If M0 scored SC B1 for 0.539 ⩽ z < 0.5395.

1(b) 134 B1 4866 2433

[P(X > 2.6) =  0.0268 ] 0.9732 or or seen.
5000 5000 2500
[P(X<2.6) = 1 – 0.0268 =] 0.9732

2.6  2.55 M1 Use of ±standardisation formula with 2.6 and 2.55 substituted,
 1.93
 no  2 ,  or continuity correction.

M1 Their standardisation formula with values substituted equated to

z-value which rounds to ±1.93.

  0.0259 A1 5
AWRT 0.0259 or .
193
If M0 earned, SC B1 for correct final answer.

Page 359
2. M/J 22/P52/Q5/b

2(a) Mean = [ 0.52  90  46.8, var  0.52  0.48  90]  22.464 B1 46.8 and 22.464 or 22.46 seen, allow unsimplified,
(4.739 < σ ⩽ 4.740 imply correct variance).

 39.5  46.8  M1 Substituting their mean and their variance into ±standardisation
[P(X < 40) =] P  z   formula (any number for 39.5), not σ2, √ σ.
 22.464 
M1 Using continuity correction 39.5 or 40.5 in their standardisation
formula.

= [P( Z  1.540)]  1  0. 9382 M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process, must be probability.

0.0618 A1 0.06175 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.0618

5
3. M/J 22/P51/Q5

3(a) 6  5.2 M1 6, 5.2, 1.5 substituted into ± standardisation

P(X < 6) = P(Z < )  P( Z  0.5333) formula, condone 1.52, continuity correction 0.5
1.5

0.703 A1

3(b) 3  B1 1.328 < z1 ⩽ 1.329 or

z1   1.329 −1.329 ⩽ z1 < −1.328

8
z2   0.878 B1 0.877 < z2 ⩽ 0.878 or
 −0.878 ⩽ z2 < −0.877

Solve to find at least one unknown: M1 Use of the ± standardisation formula once with μ,
3  σ, a z-value (not 0.8179, 0.7910, 0.5367, 0.5753,
 1.329 0.19, 0.092 etc.) and 3 or 8, condone continuity

8  correction but not σ2 or √σ
 0.878
 M1 Use either the elimination method or the
substitution method to solve their two equations in
μ and σ

  2.27,   6.01 A1 2.26 ⩽ σ ⩽ 2.27, 6.01 ⩽ μ ⩽ 6.02

Page 360
9709/53 4. M/J 22/P53/Q5 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022

Question Answer Marks Guidance

4(a)  142  170 205  170  M1 Use of ± standardisation formula once substituting
[P(142 < X < 205)] = P  z  170, 25 and either 142 or 205 appropriately..
 25 25 
Condone 252 and continuity correction ±0.5.

P( 1.12  z  1.4) A1 Both correct. Accept unsimplified.

Φ 1.4   (1  Φ 1.12  ) = 0.9192 + 0.8686 – 1 M1 Calculating the appropriate area from stated phis of
z-values.

0.788 A1 AWRT, not from wrong working

4(b) P(X > 205) = 1 – 0.9192 = 0.0808 B1 FT Correct or FT from part 5(a).

 0.0808  0.30  their 0.788  0.24   20000 M1 Correct or

their 0.0808 × 0.30 × k + their 0.788 × 0.24 × k,
k positive integer.

[$]4266.24 A1 4265 < income ⩽ 4270, not from wrong working

4(c) w  182 B1 0.5828 ⩽ z ⩽ 0.583 or -0.583 ⩽ z ⩽ –0.5828 seen.

[P( Z  )  0.72 ]
20
w  182 M1 182 and 20 substituted in ± standardisation
 0.583 formula, no continuity correction, not σ2, √ σ,
20
equated to a z-value.

w  170 A1 170 ⩽ w < 170.35

Page 361
5. M/J 21/P52/Q2

5  72  B1 1.79 < z ⩽ 1.80, –1.80 ⩽ z < –1.79 seen

 P ( X > 1.1) = 2000 ( = 0.036 ) 
 
z = ±1.798

1.1 − 1.04 B1 1.1 and 1.04 substituted in ±standardisation formula, allow

= 1.798 continuity correction, not σ2 or √ σ
σ
 0.06  M1 Equate their ±standardisation formula to a z-value and to solve
 σ = 1.798
  for the appropriate area leading to final answer (expect σ < 0.5).
 0.06 
 Accept ± = z − value 
 σ 

σ = 0.0334 A1 0.03335 ≤ σ ≤ 0.0334. At least 3 3s.f.

6. M/J 21/P52/Q5/c

(a) Mean = [ 60 × 0.15 =] 9 B1 Correct mean and variance, allow unsimplified.

(2.765 ≤ σ ≤ 2.77 imply correct variance)
Variance = [ 60 × 0.15 × 0.85 = ] 7.65

 11.5 − 9  M1 Substituting their mean and variance into ±standardisation

( X ≥ 12 ) = P  Z >  formula (any number for 11.5), not σ2 or √ σ
 7.65 
M1 Using continuity correction 11.5 or 12.5 in their standardisation
formula.

1 − Φ ( 0.9039 ) = 1 − 0.8169 M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process, must be probability.

0.183 A1 Final AWRT

Page 362
7. M/J 21/P51/Q2

7    25.2 − ( 25.5 + 0.50 )   25.2 − ( 25.2 − 0.50 )    M1 Use of ± Standardisation formula once; no continuity
 P   < z<    correction, σ2, √ σ
   0.4   0.4   
 0.5 0.5 
= P − <z< 
 0.4 0.4 

 2Φ (1.25 ) − 1
= A1 For AWRT 0.8944 SOI
= 2 × 0.8944 − 1 M1 Appropriate area 2Φ – 1 OE, from final process, must be
probability

0.7888 A1 Accept AWRT 0.789

Number of rods = 0.7888 × 500 B1FT Correct or FT their 4SF (or better) probability, final
= 394 or 395 answer must be positive integer, not 394.0 or 395.0, no
approximation/rounding stated, only 1 answer

5
8. M/J 21/P51/Q6(b,c)

8(a) [Mean =] 0.6 × 150 [= 90]; B1 Correct mean and variance. Accept evaluated or
[Variance =] 0.6 × 150 × 0.4 [= 36] unsimplified

 80.5 − 90  M1 Substituting their mean and variance into

P ( X < 81) = P  Z <  ±standardisation formula (with a numerical value for
 6 
80.5), allow σ2, √ σ, but not µ ± 0.5

M1 Using continuity correction 80.5 or 81.5

Φ ( −1.5833) = 1 − 0.9433 M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process, must be

probability

0.0567 A1 AWRT

(b) np = 90, nq = 60 both greater than 5 B1 At least nq evaluated and statement >5 required

Page 363
9. M/J 21/P53/Q5

9(a) 4−μ B1 1.378 ⩽ z1 ≤ 1.379 or –1.379 ⩽ z1 ⩽ –1.378

z1 = = −1.378
δ

10 − μ B1 0.841 ⩽ z2 ⩽ 0.842 or –0.842 ⩽ z2 ⩽ –0.841

z2 = = 0.842
σ
Solve to find at least one unknown: M1 Use of ±standardisation formula once with µ, σ, a
4−μ z-value and 4 or 10, allow continuity correction, not σ2
= −1.378
σ or σ
10 − μ
= 0.842 M1 Use either the elimination method or the substitution
σ
method to solve two equations in µ and σ .

σ = 2.70 μ = 7.72 5 A1 2.70  σ  2.71 7.72  μ  7.73

(b) Φ(2) − Φ (−2) = 2Φ ( 2 ) − 1 M1 Identifying 2 and –2 as the appropriate z-values

2 × their 0.9772 − 1 B1 Calculating the appropriate area from stated phis of

z-values which must be ± the same number

0.9544 or 0.9545 A1 Accept AWRT 0.954

0.9544 × 800 = 763.52 B1 FT FT their 4SF (or better) probability, final answer must
763 or 764 4 be positive integer
10. M/J 21/P53/Q7/b,ii

10(a)(i) Mean = 120 × 0.35 [ = 42 ] B1 Correct mean and variance seen, allow unsimplified
Variance = 120 × 0.35 × 0.65 [ = 27.3]

32.5 − 42 M1 Substituting their mean and variance into

P(X >32) = P( Z > ) = P(Z > - 1.818) ±standardisation formula (any number), condone σ2 or
27.3
√σ

M1 Using continuity correction 31.5 or 32.5

Φ (1.818 ) M1 Appropriate area Φ, from final process, must be

probability

0.966 A1 0.965 ⩽ p ⩽ 0.966

Page 364
11. O/N 20/P52/Q3

11(a) 11.3 − 10.1 M1 Using ± standardisation formula,

P(X > 11.3) = P( z > ) = P( z > 0 ⋅ 9231)
1.3 no σ or σ 2 , continuity correction

1 – 0.822 M1 Appropriate area Φ , from standardisation formula P(z>…) in

final solution

0·178 A1 0.1779…

(b) z = −0 ⋅ 674 B1 ±0.674 seen (critical value)

t − 10.1 M1 An equation using ±standardisation formula with a z-value,

= −0 ⋅ 674
1.3 condone σ or σ 2 , continuity correction.

t = 9·22 A1 AWRT. Only dependent on M1

(c) P(8.9 < X < 11.3) = 1 – 2 × their 3(a) B1 FT FT from their 3(a) < 0·5 or correct, accept unevaluated
≡ 2(1 – their 3(a)) – 1 probability
≡ 2(0·5 – their 3(a)) OE
=0.644

Number of days = 90 × 0·644 M1 90 × their p seen, 0 < p < 1

= 57·96

So 57 (days) A1 FT Accept 57 or 58, not 57·0 or 58·0, no approximation/rounding

stated
FT must be an integer value

Page 365
12. O/N 20/P53/Q1
12(a)  56 − 62 66 − 62  M1 Using ± standardisation formula at least once, no σ or σ 2 ,
P(56 < X < 66) = P  <z< 
 5 5  allow continuity correction
= P( −1.2 < z < 0.8)

Φ ( 0.8) + Φ (1.2) − 1 M1 Appropriate area Φ , from standardisation formula in final

solution
= 0.7881 + 0.8849 – 1

0.673 A1

(b) z = 1.127 B1 ±(1.126 – 1.127) seen, 4 sf or more

60t − 62
= 1.127
M1
z-value = ±
( 60t − 62 ) condone z-value = ±
( t − 62 )
5 5 5
60t = 5.635+62=67.635 no continuity correction, condone σ or σ 2

t = 1.13 A1 CAO
13. O/N 20/P53/Q4

13(a) 0.657 + 7C1 0.656 0.351 + 7C2 0.655 0.352 M1 Binomial term of form 7Cx p x (1 − p )7− x , 0 < p < 1,
any p, x ≠ 0, 7

0.049022 + 0.184776 + 0.29848 A1 Correct unsimplified answer

0.532 A1 3

(b) Mean = 142 ×0.35 = 49.7 B1 Correct unsimplified np and npq (condone σ = 5.684 evaluated)
Variance = 142 × 0.35 × 0.65 = 32.305

40.5 − 49.7 M1 Substituting their µ and σ (no σ or σ 2 ) into ±standardisation

P(X > 40) = P( z > )
32.305 formula with a numerical value for '40.5'

P( z > −1.619) M1 Using either 40.5 or 39.5 within a ±standardisation formula

M1 Appropriate area Φ , from standardisation formula P(z >…) in

final solution, must be probability

0.947 A1 Correct final answer

5
Page 366
14. M/J 20/P52/Q4

14(a)  25 − 40  M1
P ( X < 25 ) = P  z <  = P ( z < − 1.25 ) P ( X < 25 ) = P ( z < )
 12 

1 – 0.8944 M1

0.106 A1

14(b) 0.8944 divided by 3 M1

(M1 for 1 - their (a) divided by 3)

0.298 AG A1

14(c) 0.2981 gives z = 0.53 B1

h − 40 M1
= 0.53
12

h = 46.4 A1

15. M/J 20/P52/Q7/c

15(c) Mean = 100 × 0.72 = 72 M1

Var = 100 × 0.72 × 0.28 = 20.16

 63.5 − 72  M1
P(less than 64) = P  z < 
 20.16 
(M1 for substituting their µ and σ into ±standardisation formula with a numerical value for ‘63.5’)

Using either 63.5 or 64.5 within a ±standardisation formula M1

Appropriate area Φ, from standardisation formula P(z<…) in final solution M1

= P(z < –1.893)

0.0292 A1

Page 367
16. M/J 20/P51/Q6

16(a)  50 − 54 60 − 54  M1
P <z<  = P ( −0.6557 < Z < 0.9836 )
 6.1 6.1 

Both values correct A1

Φ (0.9836) – Φ (–0.6557) = Φ (0.9836) + Φ (0.6557) – 1 M1

= 0.8375 + 0.7441 – 1
(Correct area)

0.582 A1 4

16(b) 45 − μ B1
= −0.994
σ

56 − μ B1
= 1.372
σ

One appropriate standardisation equation with , , z-value (not probability) and 45 or 56. M1

11 = 2.366 σ M1
(M1 for correct algebraic elimination of µ or σ from their two simultaneous equations to form an equation in one variable)

σ = 4.65, μ = 49.6 A1 5

17. M/J 20/P53/Q3

17(a)  21 − 15.8  M1
P(X < 21) = P  z <  = Φ(1.238)
 4.2 

0.892 A1

17(b) z = ±0.674 B1

k − 15.8 M1
= 0.674
4.2

18.6 A1

3
Page 368
 18. MAR 20/P52/Q3

18(a)  87 − 82  M1 Using ± standardisation formula, not σ 2 , not σ ,

P(X > 87) = P  Z > = 0.22
 σ  no continuity correction

 5 B1 AWRT ±0.772 seen

PZ <  = 0.78 B0 for ±0.228
 σ
5 
 =  0.772
σ 

σ = 6.48 A1

18(b)  4 4 M1 Using ±4 used within a standardisation formula (SOI),

P  − < Z <  = P ( −0.6176 < Z < 0.6176 )
 σ σ allow σ 2, σ and continuity correction

M1 Standardisation formula applied to both their ±4

Φ = 0.7317 M1 Correct area 2Φ − 1 oe linked to final solution

Prob ==2Φ − 1 2 ( 0.7317 ) − 1

= 0.463 A1

19. MAR 20/P52/Q5/b

19(a) Mean = 120 × 0.7 = 84 B1 Correct mean and variance, allow unsimplified
Var = 120 × 0.7 × 0.3 =
25.2

 75.5 − 84  M1 Substituting their µ and σ into the ±standardising formula (any

P( more than 75) = P  z >  number), not σ2, not √σ
 25.2 

M1 Using continuity correction 75.5 or 74.5

P( z > −1.693) M1 Appropriate area Φ , from final process, must be a probability

= 0.955 A1 Allow 0.9545 < p ⩽ 0.955

Page 369
9709/62 20. O/N 19/P62/Q4/ii Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2019

Question Answer Marks Guidance

(i) np = 0.66 × 150 = 99 B1 Accept evaluated or unsimplified µ, σ2 numerical expressions,

npq = 0.66 × (1 − 0.66 ) × 150 = 33.66 condone σ = 33.66 = 5.8017 or 5.802
CAO

 84.5 − 99  M1 x − their 99
P(X > 84) = P  Z >  ± Standardise, , condone σ2, x a value
 33.66  their 33.66

M1 84.5 or 83.5 used in their standardisation formula

(= P ( Z > −2.499 ) ) M1 Correct final area

0.994 A1 Final answer (accept 0.9938)

SC if no standardisation formula seen,

5
B2 P(Z > -2.499) = 0.994

21. O/N 19/P62/Q6

(i)  45 − 40  M1 ± Standardise, no continuity correction, σ2 or σ , formula must

P(X < 45) = P  Z < 
 8  be seen
= P(Z < 0.625)

0.734(0) A1 CAO

(ii) 1 − 2 (1 − ( i ) ) = 2 ( i ) − 1 = 2((i) – 0.5) M1 Use result of part (i) or recalculated to find area
OE

0.468 A1ft 0 < FT from (i) < 1 or correct.

Page 370
21. O/N 19/P62/Q6

(iii) P(X < 10) = 48/500 = 0.096 B1 z = ± 1.305

z = –1.305

P(X > 24) = 76/500 = 0.152 B1 z = ± 1.028

z = 1.028

10 − µ = −1.305σ M1 Form 1 equation using 10 or 24 with , , –value. Allow

24 − µ = 1.028σ continuity correction, not , √

14 = 2.333σ M1 OE
Solve two equations in σ and µ to form equation in one
variable

σ = 6.[ 00] , µ = 17.8[3] A1 CAO, WWW

22. O/N 19/P61/Q7

(i)  46 − 49.2 53 − 49.2  M1 Using ± standardisation formula for either 46 or 53, no

P(46 < X < 53) = P  <Z <  continuity correction, σ2 or √σ
 2.8 2.8 

P( −1.143 < Z < 1.357) A1 Both standardisations correct unsimplified

Φ (1.357 ) + Φ (1.143) − 1 M1 Correct final area

= 0.9126 + 0.8735 – 1

0.786 A1 Final answer

Page 371
22. O/N 19/P61/Q7

(ii) t − 49.2 B1 ±1.406 seen

= −1.406
2.8

M1 An equation using ± standardisation formula with a z-value,

condone σ2 or √σ

45.3 A1

(iii) P(X < 46) = 0.1265 M1 Calculated or ft from (i)

P(2PB < 46) = 3 (1 − 0.1265 ) 0.12652 M1 3(1-p)p2, 0<p<1

0.0419 A1

3
23. O/N 19/P63/Q4
(i) P( h < 148) = 0.67 B1 z = ±0.44 seen

h − 148 M1 (h − 148)
= 0.44 z-value = ±
8 8

151.52 ≈ 152 A1 CAO

(ii)  144 − 148 152 − 148  M1 Using ± standardisation formula for either 144 or 152,
P(144 < X < 152) = P  <Z <  µ = 148, σ = 8 and no continuity correction, allow σ2 or √σ
 8 8 

 1 1 M1 Correct final area legitimately obtained from

= P  − < Z <  = 0.6915 – (1 – 0.6915) = 2 × 0.6915 – 1 phi(their z2) – phi(their z1)
 2 2

= 0.383 A1 Final probability answer

0.383 × 120 = 45.96 B1FT Their prob (to 3 or 4 sf) × 120, rounded to a whole number
Accept 45 or 46 only or truncated

Page 372
24. O/N 19/P63/Q7/ii

(i) Mean = 240 × 0.25 = 60 B1FT Correct unsimplified 240p and 240pq
Variance = 240 × 0.25 × 0.75 = 45 where p =their P(support neither choir) or 0.25

 49.5 − 60  M1 Substituting their µ and σ (condone σ2) into the

P(X < 50) = P  Z <  = P(Z < –1.565) ±Standardisation Formula with a numerical value for ‘49.5’.
 45 

M1 Using continuity correction 49.5 or 50.5 within a

standardisation expression

1 – 0.9412 M1 Appropriate area Φ from standardisation formula P(z< …)

in final solution, (< 0.5 if z is –ve, > 0.5 if z is +ve)

0.0588 A1 Correct final answer

5
25. M/J 19/P62/Q2
25  28.9 − 30  B1 Using ± standardising formula, no continuity correction, not σ 2 or √σ,
P( < 28.9) = P  z < 
 1.5 

= P(z < –0.733) M1 Appropriate area Φ from standardisation formula P(z <….) in final
= 1 – 0.7682 probability solution,
Must be a probability, e.g. 1 – 0.622 is M0

= 0.2318 A1 Correct final probability rounding to 0.232.

(Only requires M1 not B1 to be awarded

Number of cartridges is their 0.2318 × 8 B1 FT using their 4 SF (or better) value, ans. rounded or truncated to integer,
= 1.85, so 2 (Also accept 1 but not both) no approximation indicated.

Page 373
26. M/J 19/P62/Q4

26  121 − µ  B1 ± 0.842 seen but B0 if 1 ± 0.842 oe seen

z = 0.842 =   so 0.842σ = 121 – µ
 σ  M1 One appropriate standardisation equation with a z-value, µ, σ and 121 or
102, condone continuity correction. Not 0.158, 0.42,…

 102 − µ  B1 ± 0.58(0) seen but B0 if 1 ± 0.58 oe seen

z = –0.58 =   so –0.58σ = 102 – µ
 σ 

Solving M1 Correct algebraic elimination of µ or σ from their two simultaneous

equations to form an equation in one variable, condone 1 numerical slip

σ = 13.4 µ = 110 A1 If M0A0 scored (i.e. no algebraic elimination seen), SC B1 can be

awarded for both answers correct

Consistent use of σ 2 or √σ throughout apply MR penalty to A mark or SC

B mark.

27. M/J 19/P61/Q5(ii)

27(i) mean = 250 × 0.65 = 162.5 B1 Correct unsimplified np and npq

variance = 250 × 0.65 × 0.35 = 56.875

178.5 − 162.5 M1 Substituting their µ and σ (condone σ2) into the Standardisation
P(< 179) = P(z < ) = P(z < 2.122) Formula with a numerical value for ‘178.5’. Continuity correct not
56.875
required for this M1. Condone ± standardisation formula

Using continuity correction 178.5 or 179.5 M1

= 0.983 A1 Correct final answer

Page 374
28. M/J 19/P61/Q7

28(i)  700 − 830  M1 Using ± standardisation formula, no continuity correction, not σ2 or

P (< 700) = P  z <  = P(z < –1.083) √σ
 120 

= 1 – 0.8606 M1 Appropriate area Φ from standardisation formula P(z<….) in final

probability solution, (<0.5 if z is –ve, >0.5 if z is +ve)

= 0.1394 A1 Correct final probability rounding to 0.139

Expected number of female adults = 430 × their 0.1394 B1 FT their 3 or 4 SF probability, rounded or truncated to integer
= 59.9 So 59 or 60

28(ii) P(giraffe < 830+

w) = 95% so z = 1.645 B1 ±1.645 seen (critical value)

(830 + w ) − 830 = w
= 1.645
M1 An equation using the standardisation formula with a z-value
(not 1 – z), condone σ2 or √σ not 0.8519, 0.8289
120 120

w = 197 A1 Correct answer

28(iii) P(male > 950) = 0.834, soz = –0.97 B1 ± 0.97 seen

950 − 1190 M1 Using ± standardisation formula, condone continuity correction, σ2

= –0.97 or √σ, condone equating with non z-value not 0.834, 0.166
σ

σ = 247 A1 Condone –σ = –247. www.

Page 375
29. M/J 19/P63/Q1
(i)  79 − 85 91 − 85  M1 Using ± standardisation formula for either 79 or 91, no continuity
P(79 < X < 91) = P  <Z<  correction
 6.8 6.8 
= P(–0.8824 < Z < 0.8824)

= Φ ( 0.8824 ) − Φ ( −0.8824) M1 Correct area ( Φ − Φ ) with one +ve and one –ve z-value or 2 Φ – 1
or 2( Φ − 0.5)
= 0.8111 – (1 – 0.8111)

= 0.622 A1 Correct answer

(ii) z = –1.751 B1 ± 1.751 seen

t − 85 M1 An equation using ± standardisation formula with a z-value,

–1.751 = condone σ2 or √σ
6.8

t = 73.1 A1 3 Correct answer

30. M/J 19/P63/Q5/ii

(ii) Mean =600 × 0.34 = 204, Var = 600 × 0.34 × 0.66 = 134.64 B1 Correct unsimplified np and npq (or sd = 11.603 or Variance =
3366/25)

M1 Substituting their µ and σ, (no σ2 or √σ) into the Standardisation

Formula with a numerical value for ‘189.5’. Condone ±
 189.5 − 204  standardisation formula
P(< 190) = P  z <  = P(z < –1.2496)
 134.64 
M1 Using continuity correction 189.5 or 190.5 within a Standardisation
formula

= 1 – Φ (1.2496) M1 Appropriate area Φ from standardisation formula P(z<….) in final

solution, (<0.5 if z is –ve, >0.5 if z is +ve)

= 1 – 0.8944 = 0.106 A1 5 Correct final answer

Page 376
31. MAR 19/P62/Q3

31(i)  132 − 140  M1 Using ± standardisation formula, no continuity correction, not σ2 or

P(X< 132) = P  Z <  = P( Z < −0.6667) √σ
 12 

= 1 – 0.7477 M1 Appropriate area Φ from standardisation formula P(z<….) in final

solution

= 0.252 awrt A1 3 Condone linear interpolation = 0.25243

31(ii) P(time>k) = 0.675,z = –0.454 B1 ±0.454 seen

k − 140 M1 An equation using the standardisation formula with a

= −0.454 z-value (not 1 – z), condone σ2 or √σ
12

k = 135, 134.6, 134.55 A1 3 B0M1A1 max from –0.45

32. MAR 19/P62/Q6/iii

(i) Mean = 0.35 ×100 = 35 B1 Correct unsimplified np and npq,

Variance = 0.35 × 0.65 × 100 = 22.75

 39.5 − 35  M1 Substituting their µ and σ (condone σ2) into the ±Standardisation

P z >  = P ( z > 0.943) Formula with a numerical value for ‘39.5’.
 22.75 

M1 Using continuity correction 39.5 or 40.5

= 1 − 0.8272 M1 Appropriate area Φ from standardisation formula P(z>….) in final

solution, (>0.5 if z is -ve, <0.5 if z is +ve)

= 0.173 A1 5 Final answer

33. O/N 18/P62/Q7

33(a)(i)  4 − 3.24  M1 ±Standardisation formula, no cc, no sq rt, no square

P(X < 4) = P  Z < 
 0.96 

= P ( Z < 0.7917 ) = 0.7858 A1 0.7855 < p ⩽ 0.7858 or p = 0.786 Cao (implies M1A1 awarded),
may be seen used in calculation

their 0.7858 × 365 = 286 (or 287) B1ft Their probability × 365 provided 4sf probability seen.
FT answer rounded or truncated to nearest integer.
No approximation notation used.
Page 377
33. O/N 18/P62/Q7

33(a)(ii) k − 3.24 B1 (z=) ± 0.842 seen

P(X < k) = P( Z < ) = 0.8
0.96

k − 3.24 M1 k − 3.24
= 0.842 z=± , allow cc, sq rt or square equated to a z-value
0.96 0.96
(0.7881, 0.2119, 0.158, 0.8, 0.2 etc. are not acceptable)

k = 4.05 A1 3 Correct final answer, www

33(a)(iii) P( −1.5 < Z < 1.5) = M1 Φ(z = 1.5) or Φ(z = –1.5) seen used or p = 0.9332 seen

Φ (1.5 ) − Φ ( −1.5 ) = 2Φ (1.5 ) − 1 M1 Correct final area expression using their probabilities
= 2 × 0.9332 – 1 oe

= 0.866 A1 3 Correct final answer

33(b)  0−µ   0−µ  M1 ±Standardisation attempt in terms of one variable
P(Y > 0) = P  Z >  ≡ PZ >  or no sq rt or square, condone ±0.5 as cc
 σ   3µ / 4 
 4σ 
0− 
P (Z >  3 )
σ

= P ( Z > −4 / 3) A1 Correct unsimplified standardisation, no variables

= 0.909 A1 3 Correct final answer

34. O/N 18/P61/Q4

34(a) 29.4 − 31.4 M1 Standardise, no cc, must have sq rt.

P(X < 29.4) = P ( Z < )
3.6
= P( Z < –1.0541)

= 1 − 0.8540 M1 Obtain 1 − prob

= 0.146 A1 Correct final answer

Page 378
 34. O/N 18/P61/Q4

34(b) 42 58 M1 Eqn with µ ,σ and a z-value. Allow cc, wrong sign, but not σ or
P(X < 12) = = 0.105 and P(X > 19) = = 0.145
400 400 σ 2

12 − µ B1 Any form with z value rounding to ±1.25

= –1.253
σ

19 − µ B1 Any form with z value rounding to ±1.06

= 1.058
σ

12 – µ = –1.253σ M1 Solve 2 equations in µ, σ eliminating to 1 unknown

19 – µ = 1.058σ

7 = 2.307σ or 36.455 + 2.307µ = 0 oe

µ = 15.8, σ = 3.03 A1 Correct answers

5
35. O/N 18/P61/Q5/ii,iii

35(i) Mean = 200 × 0.8 = 160: var = 200 × 0.8 × 0.2 = 32 B1 Both unsimplified

166.5 − 160 M1 x − their 160

P(X > 166) = P( Z > ) Standardise, z = ± with square root
32 their 32

M1 166.5 or 165.5 seen in attempted standardisation expression

= P(Z > 1.149) = 1 – 0.8747 M1 1 – a Φ -value, correct area expression, linked to final answer

= 0.125 A1 Correct final answer

35(ii) np = 160, nq = 40: both > 5 (so normal approx. holds) B1 Both parts required

Page 379
36. O/N 18/P63/Q5

Question Answer Marks Guidance

36(i) 90 − 120 5 140 − 120 5 M1 At least one standardisation, no cc, no sq rt, no sq using 120 and 24
z1 = ± = – , z2 = ± = and either 90 or 140
24 4 24 6

 20   30  A1 –5/4 and 5/6 unsimplified

= Φ  − Φ − 
 24   24 

= Φ ( 0.8333) − (1 −Φ (1.25 )) M1 Correct area Φ – Φ legitimately obtained and evaluated from

= 0.7975 – (1 – 0.8944) or 0.8944 – 0.2025 = 0.6919 phi(their z2) – phi (their z1)

= 0.692 AG A1 Correct answer obtained from 0.7975 and 0.1056 oe to 4sf or

0.6919 seen www

36(ii) Method 1

Probability = P(2, 3, 4) M1 Any binomial term of form 4C p x (1 − p )4− x , x ≠ 0 or 4

x
= 0.6922(1 – 0.692)2 × 4C2 + 0.6923(1 – 0.692) × 4C3 + 0.6924

B1 One correct bin term with n = 4 and p = 0.692 ,

= 0.27256 + 0.40825 + 0.22931 M1 Correct unsimplified expression using 0.692 or better

= 0.910 A1 Correct answer

Method 2:

1 – P(0, 1) = M1 Any binomial term of form 4C p x (1 − p )4− x , x≠0 or 4

x

1 − 0.6920(1 – 0.692)4 × 4C0 − 0.6921(1 – 0.692)3 × 4C1 B1 One correct bin term with n = 4 and p = 0.692

= 1 – 0.00899 – 0.0808757 M1 Correct unsimplified expression using 0.692 or better

= 0.910 A1 Correct answer

Page 380
9709/63 37. O/N 18/P63/Q6 Cambridge International AS/A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2018

Question Answer Marks Guidance

37(i) 1800 − 2000 B1 ± 1.75 seen

P(X >1800) = 0.96, so P( Z > ) = 0.96
σ

200 M1 1800 − 2000

Φ( ) = 0.96 z=± , allow cc, allow sq rt, allow sq equated to a
σ σ
200 z-value
= 1.751
σ

σ = 114 A1 Correct final answer www

37(ii) Mean = 300 × 0.2 = 60 and variance = 300 × 0.2 × 0.8 = 48 B1 Correct unsimplified mean and variance

69.5 − 60 M1 x −their 60
P(X < 70) = P( Z > ) Z=±
48 their 48

= Φ (1.371) M1 69.5 or 70.5 seen in an attempted standardisation expression as cc

=0.915 A1 Correct final answer

37(iii) np = 60, nq = 240: both > 5, (so normal approximation holds) B1 Both parts evaluated are required

Page 381
38. O/N 17/P62/Q5

38(i) EITHER: (M1 Binomial term of form 30Cxpx(1 – p)30 – x , 0 < p < 1 any p
P(> 2) = 1 – P(0, 1, 2)

= 1 – (0.96)30 – 30C1(0.04)(0.96)29 – 30C2(0.04)2(0.96)28 A1 Correct unsimplified answer

( = 1 – 0.2938… – 0.3673… – 0.2219… )

= 1-0.883103 = 0.117 (0.116896) A1)

OR: (M1 Binomial term of form 30Cxpx(1 – p)30 – x , 0 < p < 1 any p
P(> 2) = P(3,4,5,6,….30)

= 30C3(0.04)3(0.96)27+ 30C4(0.04)4(0.96)26 + … +(0.04)30 A1 Correct unsimplified answer

= 0.117 A1)

38(ii) np = 280 × 0.1169 = 32.73, npq = 280 × 0.1169 × 0.8831 = M1 FT Correct unsimplified np and npq, FT their p from (i),
28.9

 29.5 − 32.73  M1 Substituting their µ and σ (√npq only) into the Standardisation
P(⩾ 30) = P  z >  = P(z > – 0.6008) Formula
 28.9 
M1 Using continuity correction of 29.5 or 30.5

M1 Appropriate area Φ from standardisation formula P(z >….) in final

solution

= 0.726 A1

39. O/N 17/P62/Q7

39(i)  65 − 61.4  M1 Standardising no continuity correction, no square or square root,

P(> 65) = P  z >  = P (z > 0.2927) condone ± standardisation formula
 12.3 
M1 Correct area (< 0.5)

= 1 – 0.6153 = 0.385 A1

3
Page 382
 39. O/N 17/P62/Q7

39(ii) P (< 65) = 0.6153 so P(< k) = 0.25 + 0.6153 = 0.8653 B1

z = 1.105 B1 z = ± 1.105 seen or rounding to 1.1

k − 61.4 M1 standardising allow ±, cc, sq rt, sq. Need to see use of tables
1.105 =
12.3 backwards so must be a z-value, not 1 – z value.

k = 75.0 A1 Answers which round to 75.0. Condone 75 if supported.

39(iii) 97.2 − µ B1 ± 2.326 seen (Use of critical value)

2.326 =
σ

55.2 − µ B1 ± 0.44 seen

–0.44 =
σ

M1 An equation with a z-value, µ, σ and 97.2 or 55.2, allow √σ or σ

2

M1 Algebraic elimination µ or σ from their two simultaneous equations

µ = 61.9 A1 both correct answers

σ = 15.2

40. O/N 17/P61/Q7

40(i)  570 − 500  M1 Standardising for either 570 or 390, no cc, no sq, no √
P( < 570) = P  z <  = P(z < 0.7650)
 91.5 
= 0.7779

 390 − 500  A1 One correct z value

P(< 390) = P  z <  = P(z < –1.202)
 91.5 

= 1 – 0.8853 = 0.1147 A1 One correct Φ, final solution

Large:0.222 (0.2221) A1 Correct small and large

Small: 0.115 (0.1147)

Medium: 0.663 (0.6632) A1FT Correct Medium rounding to 0.66 or ft 1 – (their small + their large)
Page 383
40. O/N 17/P61/Q7

40(ii)  x − 500  B1 ± 1.645 seen (critical value)

1.645 =  
 91.5 

M1 Standardising accept cc, sq, sq rt

x = 651 A1 650 ⩽ Ans ⩽ 651

40(iii) P(
x > 610) = 0.1147 (symmetry) M1 Attempt to find upper end prob x > 610 or Φ(x),
ft their P(< 390) from (i)

0.3 + 0.1147 = 0.4147 ⇒ Φ(x) = 0.5853 M1 Adding 0.3 to their P(x > 610) or subt 0.5 from Φ(x) or 0.8853 – 0.3

z = 0.215 or 0.216 M1 Finding z = Φ–1(0.5853)

k − 500 M1 Standardising and solving, accept cc, sq, sq rt

0.215 =
91.5

k = 520 A1

41. O/N 17/P63/Q7

41(i)  6 − 5.3  M1 Standardising, no continuity correction, no sq, no sq rt

P(t > 6) = P  z >  = P(z > 0.333)
 2.1 

= 1 – 0.6304 M1 Correct area 1 – Φ (< 0.5), final solution

= 0.370 or 0.369 A1

41(ii) z = 1.645 B1 ± 1.645

x − 5.3 M1 Standardising, no continuity correction, allow sq, sq rt. Must be equated to

1.645 = a z-value
2.1

A1
x = 8.75 or 8.755 or 8.7545
Page
3 384
 41. O/N 17/P63/Q7

41(iii) n = 10, p = 0.05 M1 Bin term 10Cx p x(1–p)10–x

P(0, 1, 2) = (0.95)10 + 10C1(0.05)(0.95)9 + 10C2(0.05)2(0.95)8 M1 Correct unsimplified answer

= 0.988 (0.9885 to 4 sf) A1

41(iv) P(misses bus) = P(t < 0) *M1 Seeing t linked to zero

 0 − 5.3  DM1 Standardising with t = 0, no continuity correction, no sq, no sq rt

= P z <  = P(z < –2.524) = 1 – Φ(2.524)
 2.1 
= 1 – 0.9942

= 0.0058 A1

42. M/J 17/P62/Q5

(i) 4.2 − 3.9 M1 Standardising, not square root of σ, not σ2
( z =)
σ

z = 0.916 or 0.915 B1 Accept 0.915 ⩽ ± z ⩽ 0.916 seen

σ = 0.328 A1 Correct final answer (allow 20/61 or 75/229)

Total: 3

(ii) z = 4.4 – 3.9/their 0.328 or z = 3.4 – 3.9/their 0.328 M1 Standardising attempt with 3.4 or 4.4 only, allow square root
= 1.5267 = –1.5267 of σ, or σ2

Φ = 0.9364 A1 0.936 ⩽ Φ ⩽ 0.937 or 0.063 ⩽ Φ ⩽ 0.064 seen

Prob = 2Φ – 1 = 2(0.9364) – 1 M1 Correct area 2Φ – 1OE i.e. Φ = – (1 – Φ), linked to final

solution

= 0.873 A1 Correct final answer from 0.9363 ⩽ Φ ⩽0.9365

Total: 4

Page 385
42. M/J 17/P62/Q5

42(iii) dividing (0.5) by a larger number gives a smallerz-value *B1 No calculations or calculated values present e.g. (σ = )0.656
or more spread out as sd larger seen
or use of diagrams Reference to spread or z value required

Prob is less than that in (ii) DB1 Dependent upon first B1

Total: 2
43. M/J 17/P61/Q6

(a)(i) z = 0.674 B1 rounding to ±0.674 or 0.675

6.8 − µ M1 standardising, no cc, no sq rt, no sq, σ may still be

0.674 = present on RHS
0.25µ

M1 subst and sensible solving for µ must collect terms, no

z-value needed can be 0.75 or 0.7734 need a value for
µ

µ = 5.82 A1

Total: 4

(a)(ii)  4.7 − 5.819  M1 ± standardising no cc, no sq rt, no sq unless penalised

P ( X < 4.7 ) = P  z <  in (a)(i)
 1.4548 

= ɸ(–0.769) = 1 – 0.7791 M1 correct side for their mean i.e. 1–ɸ (final solution)

= 0.221 A1

Total: 3

(b)  15.75 − 16  *M1 Standardising for 15.75 or 16.25 no cc no sq no sq rt

P ( < 15.75 ) = P  z <  = 1 − P ( z < 1.25 ) =1 – 0.8944 = 0.1056 and unless penalised in (a)(i) or (a)(ii)
 0.2 
P(>16.25) = 0.1056 by sym

P(usable) = 1 – 0.2112 = 0.7888 B1 2ɸ– 1 OE for required prob, (final solution)

Usable rods=1000 × 0.7888 = DM1 Mult their prob by 1000 dep on recognisable attempt to
standardise

788 or 789 A1

Page 386Total: 4
44. M/J 17/P63/Q2

np = 270 × 1/3 = 90, npq = 270 × 1/3 × 2/3 = 60 B1 Correct unsimplified np and npq, SOI

 99.5 − 90  M1 ±Standardising using 100 need sq rt

P ( x > 100 ) = P  z >  = P(z > 1.2264) M1 Continuity correction, 99.5 or 100.5 used
 60 

= 1 – 0.8899 M1 Correct area 1 – Φ implied by final prob. < 0.5

= 0.110 A1

Total: 5

45. M/J 17/P63/Q4

45(a)  0−µ  M1 ±Standardising, in terms of µ and/or σ with 0 - …. in numerator,

P(x > 0) = P  z > ±
 σ  no continuity correction, no √
 −µ   −1.5σ 
= P z >  or P  z >
 µ /1.5   σ 

= P(z > -1.5) A1 Obtaining z value of ±1.5 by eliminating µ and σ, SOI

= 0.933 A1

Total: 3

45(b) z = –1.151 B1 ± z value rounding to 1.1 or 1.2

70 − 120 M1 ± Standardising (using 70) equated to a z-value, no cc, no

−1.151 = squaring, no √
s

σ = 43.4 or 43.5 A1

Totals: 3

Page 387
46. O/N 16/P62/Q3
7
46 (i) Bin (7, 0.8) M1 Cn pn(1–p)7–n seen
P(6, 7) = 7C6 (0.8)6(0.2)1+ (0.8)7 M1 Correct unsimplified expression for P(6,7)
= 0.577 A1 [3]

(ii) mean = 100×0.2 = 20 B1 Correct unsimplified mean and var

Var = 100×0.2×0.8 = 16
 30.5 − 20  M1 Standardising must have sq rt, their µ, variance
P(at most 30) = P  z <  M1 cc either 29.5 or 30.5
 16 
M1 Correct area Φ , from final process
= P(z < 2.625)
= 0.996 A1 [5]

47. (i)  4.5 − 4.2 

P(< 4.5) = P z <  = P(z < 0.5) M1 Standardising once no cc no sq no sq rt
 0.6 
= 0.6915
 3.5 − 4.2 
P(< 3.5) = P  z <  = P(z< -1.167)
 0.6 
= 1 – 0.8784 = 0.1216 M1 Φ1 – (1 – Φ2) [P1 – P2, 1>P1>0.5, 0.5>P2>0] oe

0.6915 – 0.1216 = 0.570 A1 [3]

(ii) z = 1.175 B1 ±1.17 to 1.18 seen

t − 4.2
1.175 = M1 Standardising no cc, allow sq, sq rt with z – value
0.6 (not ±0.8106, 0.5478, 0.4522, 0.1894, 0.175 etc.)
t = 4.91 A1 [3] Correct answer from z = 1.175 seen (4sf)

(iii) (0.88)n < 0.003 M1 Inequality or eqn in 0.88, power correctly placed
using n or (n±1), 0.003 or (1 – 0.003) oe
n > lg (0.003)/lg (0.88)
M1 Attempt to solve by logs or trial and error
n > 45.4
(may be implied by answer)
A1 Correct integer answer
n = 46
[3]
48. O/N 16/P61/Q1

z = 0.674 M1 ±0.674 seen

k − 20
0.674 = M1 Standardising no cc, no sq, no
7 sq rt
k = 24.7 A1 [3]
49. O/N 16/P61/Q4

 1 − 1.04 
(i) P(< 1) = P  z <  = P(z < –2.353) M1 Standardising no cc, no √ or sq
 0.017 
= 1 – 0.9907 M1 1 – Φ (final process)
= 0.0093 A1 [3]

(ii) expected number 1000 ÷ 1.04 = 961 or 962 B1 [1] Or anything in between

(iii) z = –1.765 B1 ± 1.76 to 1.77

1− µ
−1.765 = M1 Standardising must have a z-
0.017
=1.03 A1 [3] value, allow √ or sq

(iv) expected number = 1000 ÷ 1.03 = 971 or 970 B1 [1] Or anything in between, ft their
(iii)

Page 388
 50. O/N 16/P63/Q6

 95 − 150 
(i) P(small) = P  z <  M1 ± standardising using 95, no cc, no sq, no sq rt
 50 
= P(z < –1.1)
= 1 – 0.8643 M1 1 – Φ ( in final answer)
= 0.136 A1 [3]

(ii) z = 1.282 B1 ± rounding to 1.28

x − 150
1.282 = M1 Standardised eqn in their z allow cc
50
x = 214 g A1 [3]

(iii) P(small) = 0.1357, P(large) = 0.1357 symmetry

P(medium) = 1 – 0.1357×2 = 0.7286 AG B1 [1] Correct answer legit obtained

(b) Expected cost per banana = 0.1357×10 + *M1 Attempt at multiplying each ‘prob’ by a price
0.1357×25 + 0.7286×20 = 19.3215 cents and summing
Total cost of 100 bananas DM1 Mult by 100
= 1930 (cents) ($19.30) A1 [3]

51. O/N 16/P63/Q7

(i) P(2) = 7C2(0.1)2(0.9)5 M1 Bin term 7C2p2(1 – p)5 0<p<1

= 0.124 A1 [2]

(ii) (0.15)1(0.1)2(0.75)2 × 5!/2!2! M1 Mult probs for options, (0.15)a(0.1)b(0.75)c

where a + b + c sum to 5

M1 Mult by 5!/2!2! oe
= 0.0253 or 81/3200 A1 [3]

(iii) mean = 365×0.15 (= 54.75 or 219/4) B1 Correct unsimplified mean and var, oe
Var = 365× 0.15×0.85 (= 46.5375 or 3723/80)
 44.5 − 54.75 
P(x > 44) = P  z >  M1 ± Standardising need sq rt
 46.5375  M1 cc either 44.5 (or 43.5)
= P(z > –1.5025) M1 Φ
= 0.933
A1 [5] Correct answer accept 0.934
52. M/J 16/P62/Q2

52 (i) 0.72 B1 [1]

(ii) np = 180×0.72, npq = 180×0.72×0.28 B1 180 × 0.72, 180 × 0.72 × 0.28 seen, their
X~N(129.6, 36.288) values or correct
 115.5 − 129.6  M1 Standardising ( ±) must have sq rt
P(x >115) = P  z > 
 36.288 
M1 cc either 115.5 or 114.5 seen
= P(z > −2.341)
M1 Correct area, Φ from final answer attempt
fully correct method
= 0.990
A1 [5]

Page 389
53. M/J 16/P61/Q1

z = 1.037 B1 Rounding to 1.04

1.8 − 1.62
1.037 = M1 Standardising attempt allow cc no sq rt
σ must have a z-value i.e. not 0.8023 or
0.5596.
σ = 0.18/1.037 = 0.174 A1 [3]

54. M/J 16/P61/Q5

 3.0 − 2.6  M1
(i) P(x < 3.0) = P  z <  M1 Standardising no sq rt no cc
 0.25  Correct area i.e. prob > 0.5 legit
A1 [3]
+ P(z < 1.6) = 0.945

(ii) X~B(500, 0.9452) ~ N(472.6, 25.898) M1 500 ×’0.9452’ and 500×’0.9452’×(‘1 –

 479.5 − 472.6  M1 0.9452’) seen oe
P z >  = P (z > 1.3558) M1 Standardising must have sq rt. All M
 25.89848 
M1 marks indep
= 1 – 0.9125 = 0.0875 A1 [5] cc either 479.5 or 480.5 seen
correct area i.e. < 0.5

(iii) 500× 0.9452 and 500× (1–0.9452) are B1 [1] must see at least 500× 0.0548 > 5oe ft
both > 5 their (i)
accept np > 5, nq > 5 if both not
npq > 5

55. M/J 16/P63/Q5

(i) z = 1.015 B1 Accept z between ±1.01 and 1.02

70 − 69
1.015 = M1 Standardising
σ
σ = 0.985 (200/203) A1 [3]

(ii) 58 + 9 = 67 M1 58 + 9 seen or implied (or 69-58 or 69-9)

 67 − 69 
P ( > 67) = P  z >  M1 Standardising ± z no cc allow their sd
 0.9852 
(must be +ve)
 9 − 11 
Alt. 1 69-58 =11, P( >9)=P  z > 
 0.9852 
 58 − 60 
Alt.2 69-9 =60, P( >58) =P  z > 
 0.9852 
= P(z > – 2.03) M1 Correct prob area
= 0.9788
Multiply their prob (from use of tables) by
M1 300
300 × 0.9788
= 293.6 so 293 A1 [5] – accept 293 or 294 from fully correct
working

Page 390
 56. M/J 16/P63/Q7
12
(i) C8 ( 0.65)8(0.35)4 + 12C9 (0.65)9(0.35)3 + 12C10 M1 Bin term with 12Cr pr (1 – p)12-r seen r≠0
(0.65)10(0.35)2 any p<1
M1 Summing 2 or 3 bin probs p = 0.65 or
0.35, n = 12
= 0.541 A1 [3]

(ii) P ( RRRR ) = 0.35× 0.35 × 0.35 × 0.65 M1 Mult 4 probs either (0.35)3(0.65) or
(0.65)3(0.35)
= 0.0279 A1 [2]

12
(iii) P(7) = 0.2039 (unsimplified) B1 C7 (0.65)7(0.35)5

Mean = 250×’0.2039’ (= 50.9798)

Correct unsimplified np and npq using
Var = 250×’0.2039’ × ‘(1 – 0.2039)’ B1
‘their 0.2039’ but not 0.65 or 0.35
( = 40.5851)

 54.5 − 50.9798  M1 Standardising need sq rt – must be from

P(> 54) = P  
 40.5851  working with 54
= P(z > 0.5526) M1 cc either 53.5 or 54.5
= 1 – Φ(0.5526) = 1 – 0.7098
M1 correct area < 0.5 i.e. 1 – Φ - must be
from working with 54

= 0.290 A1 [6]

57. O/N 15/P62/Q7

 3900 − 4520 
57 (a) (i) P (x > 3900) = P  z >  M1 Standardising no cc no sq rt no sq
 560 
= P( z > –1.107) = Φ(1.107) M1 Correct area Φ ie > 0.5
= 0.8657
Number of days = 365 × 0.0.8657 A1 Prob rounding to 0.866
B1 4 Correct answer ft their wrong prob if
= 315 or 316 (315.98) previous A0, p < 1 , ft must be accurate to
3sf

(ii) z = 1.165 B1 ± 1.165 seen

8000 − m
1.165 = M1 Standardising eqn allow sq, sq rt, cc, must
560 have z-value eg not 0.122, 0.878, 0.549,
0.810.
m = 7350 (7347.6) A1 3 Correct answer rounding to 7350

(iii) P(0, 1) = (0.878)6 + 6C1(0.122)1(0.878)5 M1 Binomial term 6Cx px(1–p)6–x 0< p< 1
seen
M1 Correct unsimplified expression
= 0.840 accept 0.84 A1 3 Correct answer
Normal approx. to Binomial. M0, M0, A0

 2µ − µ 
(b) P(< 2µ) = P  z >  = P (z < 1.5) M1 Standardising with µ and σ
 σ  M1 Attempt at one variable and cancel

= 0.933 A1 3 Correct answer

Page 391
58. O/N 15/P61/Q2

µ = 54.1 B1 Stated or evaluated

z = -1.11 B1 Accept rounding to ± 1.1
50.9 − 54.1
–1.11 = M1 Standardising no cc no sq rt
σ
A1 [4] Correct answer
σ = 2.88

59. O/N 15/P61/Q4

(i) x = 80 – 147/30 = 80 – 4.9 M1 For –147/30 oe seen

= 75.1 A1 Correct answer

 952  147  2 
sd = √  −   = √ 7.72… M1 952/30 – ( ± their coded mean)2
 30  30  
 
sd = 2.78 A1 [4] Correct answer

 160 − 148.6 
(ii) P(x > 160) = P  z >  M1 Standardising no cc no sq rt
 18.5 
= P(z > 0.616) M1 1–Φ
= 1 – 0.7310
= 0.269 A1 [3] Correct answer
60. O/N 15/P61/Q7
(i) let P(2, 4, 6) all = p then P(1, 3, 5) all = 2p M1 Using P(even) = 2P(odd) or vice
3p + 6p = 1 M1 versa oe
p = 1/9 so prob (3) = 2/9 (0.222) A1 [3] Summing P(odd+ even) or
P(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) = 1
Correct answer

(ii) P(5, 5, 6) = 2/9 × 2/9 × 1/9 × 3C2 M1 Mult three probs together
M1 Mult by 3 oe ie summing 3 options
P(5, 5, 6) = 4/243 (0.0165) A1 [3] Correct answer

(iii) µ = 100×1/3 = 33.3, σ = 100×1/3×2/3 = 22.2 B1 Unsimplified 100/3 and 200/9 seen
 100 
 37.5 − M1 Standardising need sq rt
 3  =P(z ⩽ 0.8839) M1
P(x ⩽ 37)= P  z ⩽ 
36.5 or 37.5 seen
 200 M1 correct area using their mean
 
 9 

= 0.812 A1 [5] Correct answer

61. O/N 15/P63/Q4

(i) z = 1.127 B1 ± 1.127 seen accept rounding to ±1.13

136 − 125
1.127 = M1 Standardising no cc no sq rt, with attempt
σ at z
σ = 9.76 A1 3 (not ±0.8078, ±0.5517, ±0.13, ±0.87)
Correct ans

131− 125 141− 125

(ii) P(131<x<141)= P ( <z< ) M1 Standardising once with their sd, no √,2,
9.76 9.76 allow cc
= Φ( 1.639) – Φ(0.6147) M1 Correct area Φ2 – Φ1
= 0.9493 – 0.7307
= 0.2186 M1 Mult by 170, P<1

Number = 0.2186 × 170 = 37 or 38 or awrt 37.2 A1 4 Correct answer, nfww

Page 392
 62. O/N 15/P63/Q7

(i) P(0, 1, 2) = M1 Binomial term 19Cxpx(1 – p)19-x seen 0<p<1

(0.92)19+19C1(0.08)(0.92)18+ 19C2(0.08)2(0.92)17 M1 Correct unsimplified expression

= 0.809 A1 3 Correct answer (no working SC B2)

(ii) P(at least 1) = 1 – P(0)

= 1 – P(0.92)n > 0.90 M1 Eqn with their 0.92n, 0.9 or 0.1, 1 not nec
0.1 > (0.92)n M1 Solving attempt by logs or trial and error,
n > 27.6 power eqn with one unknown power

Ans 28 A1 3 Correct answer, not approx., ≈, ⩾, >, ⩽, <

(iii) np = 1800 × 0.08 = 144 B1 correct unsimplified np and npq seen

npq = 132.48 accept 132.5, 132, 11.5, awrt 11.51

  151.5 − 144   M1 standardising, with √

P( at least 152) = P  z >   
  132.48   M1 cont correction 151.5 or 152.5 seen

= P(z > 0.6516) M1 correct area 1 – Φ (probability)

= 1 – 0.7429
= 0.257 A1 5 correct answer

(iv) Use because 1800 ×0.08 (and 1800 × 0.92 are B1 1 1800 ×0.08 > 5 is sufficient
both) > 5 np>5 is sufficient if clearly evaluated in (iii)

If npq>5 stated then award B0

63. M/J 15/P62/Q7

(a) (i)  30 − 35.2 

prob = p  z <  M1 Standardising no sq rt no cc no sq
 4.7 
= P( z < –1.106)
M1 1− Φ
= 1 – 0.8655 = 0.1345
A1 Correct ans rounding to 0.13
0.1345×52 = 6.99 A1 4 Correct final answer accept 6 or 7 if 6.99
not seen but previous prob 0,1345 correct

(ii) Φ (t) = 0.648 z = 0.380 B1 0.648 seen

t − 35.2 M1 standardising allow cc, sq rt,sq, need use of
0.380 = tables not 0.148, 0.648, 0.352, 0.852
4.7
t = 37.0 A1 3 correct answer rounding to 37.0

(b) 7 − µ = −0.8σ
so 7 − µ = −0.8σ B1 ± 0.8 seen
σ
B1 ± 0.44 seen
10 − µ
= 0.44 so 10 − µ = 0.44σ M1 An eqn with z-value, µ and σ no sq rt no cc
σ
no sq
M1 Sensible attempt to eliminate µ or σ by
subst or subtraction, need at least one value
µ = 8.94 σ = 2.42 A1 5 Correct answers

Page 393
64. M/J 15/P61/Q1

64 P(x < 3.273) = 0.5 – 0.475 = 0.025 M1 Attempt to find z-value using
tables in reverse
z = –1.96 A1 ±1.96 seen
3. 2 − µ
= −1.96 M1 Solving their standardised equation
0.714 z-value not nec

µ = 4.60s A1 [4] Correct ans accept 4.6

65. M/J 15/P61/Q6

65 (i) P(5, 6, 7) = 8C5(0.68)5(0.32)3 + M1 Binomial term 8Cx px(1–p)8-x seen

8
C6(0.68)6(0.32)2 + 8C7(0.68)7(0.32) 0<p<1
M1 Summing 3 binomial terms
A1 Correct unsimplified answer
= 0.722 A1 [4] Correct answer

(ii) np = 340, npq = 108.8 B1 Correct (unsimplified) mean and

var
 337.5 − 340 
P(x > 337) = P  z >  M1 standardising with sq rt must have
 108.8  used 500
M1 cc either 337.5 or 336.5

= P(z > – 0.2396) M1 correct area (> 0.5) must have used
= 0.595 500
A1 [5] correct answer

(iii) np (340) > 5 and nq(160) > 5 B1 [1] must have both or at least the
smaller, need numerical
justification

66. M/J 15/P63/Q1

z = 1.136 B1 ± 1.136 seen, not ±1.14,

195 − µ
1.136 = M1 Standardising, no cc no sq rt,
22 equated to their z not 0.128 or 0.872
µ = 170 A1 [3] Correct answer, nfww

67. M/J 15/P63/Q5

 29 − 21.7 
(i) P(large) = 1 - Φ   M1 Standardising no cc no sq rt
 6.5  M1 Correct area 1 − Φ
= 1 − Φ(1.123) = 1 − 0.8692
A1 Rounding to 0.13
= 0.1308
P(0,1) = (0.8692)8\ + 8C1(0.1308)(0.8692)7 M1 Any bin term with 8Cxpx(1 – p)8-x 0
<p<1
M1 Summing bin P(0) + P(1) only with n
= 8, oe
= 0.718 A1 [6] Correct ans

(ii) = 1 – (0.8692)n > 0.98 M1 eq/ineq involving their (0.8692)n or

(0.1308)n, 0.02 or 0.98 oe with or
(0.8692)n < 0.02 M1 without a 1
solving attempt (could be trial and
Least number = 28 A1 [3] error) – may be implied by their
answer
correct answer

Page 394
 68. O/JN 14/P62/Q5

 8 − 7.15 
(a) (i) P(x I 8) =P  z <  M1 Standardising ± , no cc no sq rt no sq
 0.88 
= Φ (0.9659)
= 0.833 A1 2 Correct answer

(ii) z = 0.674 B1 Accept ± 0.674 or 0.675 only

q − 7.15
= 0.674 M1 Standardised eqn = ± their z-value, allow sq
0.88
or sq rt if already penalised in (i)
q = 7.74 A1 3 Correct answer

 4µ − µ 
(b) P(Y > 4µ) = P ( z >   ) = P(z K 2) M1 Standardising no sq rt, no cc, no sq, one
 (3µ / 2)  variable
= 1 – 0.9772 A1 z = ±2 seen
= 0.0228 A1 3 correct ans SR B1 if made-up values used
and 0.0228 obtained

69. O/N 14/P62/Q7

(i) P (4, 5, 6) = (0.75)4 (0.25)4 × 8C4 + M1 Bin term pr(1 – p)8– r ×8Cr seen any p
(0.75)5 (0.25)3 × 8C5 + (0.75)6 (0.25)2 × 8C6
M1 Correct unsimplified answer

= 0.606 A1 3 Correct ans

(ii) np = 160 × 0.75 = 120 npq = 30 B1 Unsimplified mean and var correct

  114.5 − 120  
P( > 114) = P  z >   
 M1 Standardising, need sq rt
  30  M1 Cont correction either 114.5 or 113.5
= P (z > –1.004) M1 Correct area consistent with their working

= Φ(1.004) = 0.842 A1 5 Correct ans

(iii) np and nq both > 5 B1 1 Need both

71. O/N 14/P63/Q1

z = –2.326 B1 ± 2.325 to ± 2.33 seen

250 − 260
= −2.326 M1 Standardising and = or < their z, no cc, sq, sq rt
σ
σ = 4.30 A1 3 Correct ans

72. O/N 14/P63/Q5

 1.2 − 1.9 
(i) P(<1.2)=P  z <  =P(z < –1.2727) M1 Standardising for wt 1.2 or 2.5, no cc, sq, sq rt
 0.55  May be awarded in (ii) if not attempted in (i)
= 1 − Φ (1.273 ) = 1 − 0.8986 Accept 0.102
= 0.1014 A1 First correct proportion seen
 2.5 − 1.9 
P(>2.5)=P  z <  =P(z > 1.0909)
 0.55 
= 1 − Φ (1.0909 ) = 1 − 0.8623 A1 Second correct proportion seen
= 0.138
P (1.2 < wt < 2.5) = 1 – 0.101 – 0.138 M1 Third proportion 1 – their previous 2
proportions or correct attempt for remaining
proportion
= 0.761 A1 5 Correct answer or 1 – their 2 previous correct
proportions
Page 395
72. O/N 14/P63/Q5

(ii) P(x > k) = 0.8 + 0.1377 = 0.9377 M1 Valid method to obtain P(x > k) or P(x < k)
z = –1.536 A1 ± 1.536 seen accept 3sf rounding to 1.53 or
k − 1.9 1.54
− 1.536 = M1 Attempt to solve equation with their ‘correct’
0.55
area z value, k, 1.9 and 0.55
k =1.06 A1 4 Correct answer or rounding to 1.05

73. M/J 14/P62/Q1

X ~ B(19, 0.12) M1 Any binomial term 19Cx px(1 – p)19 – x, 0<p<1

P(X < 4) = P(0, 1, 2, 3)
= (0.88)19 + 19C1(0.12)1(0.88)18 + M1 Any binomial term nCx(0.12 or 0.88)x(0.88 or
19
C2(0.12)2(0.88)17 + 19C3(0.12)3(0.88)16 0.12)n – x
M1 P(0, 1, 2, 3) binomial expr with at least 2
consistent terms
= 0.813 A1 4 Correct answer

74. M/J 14/P62/Q7

(i) z = –0.842 B1 ± rounding to 0.84 seen

 1.35 − 1.9  1.35 − 1.9
P (x > 1.35) = P  z >  M1 ± = a prob or a z-value NOT 0.8 or 0.2
 σ  σ
allow a 1–...
–0.842 = –0.55/σ

σ = 0.653 A1 3 Correct answer from correct working

 2 − 1.9 
(ii) P(x < 2) = P  z <  M1 ± standardising no continuity correction their σ
 0.6532 
= P ( z < 0.1531)

= 0.561 A1 2 Correct answer

(iii) X~N(160, 32) B1 Unsimplified 160 and 32 seen

P(162.5 < x < 173.5) =
 162.5 − 160 173.5 − 160 
P  <z<  M1 Standardising need sq rt
 32 32 
P(0.442 < z < 2.386) M1 Any of 162.5, 163.5, 172.5, 173.5 seen
= Φ(2.386) – Φ(0.442) M1 Φ2 – Φ1 oe
= 0.9915 – 0.6707 A1 One correct Φ to 3sf
= 0.321 A1 6 Correct answer accept 0.320

75. M/J 14/P61/Q1

P (21.6 < x < 28.7)

 
= P   21.6 − 24  < z <  28.7 − 24  
  M1 Standardising; no cc, no sq rt


4.7   4.7   A1 One rounding to Φ (0.841 or 0.695)

= P (–0.5106 < z < 1) = Φ (1) – Φ (–0.5106) M1 Φ1 + Φ2 – 1

= 0.8413 – (1 – 0.6953)

= 0.537 (0.5366) A1 4 Correct answer

Page 396
76. M/J 14/P61/Q2

12 − µ
1.751 = B1 Rounding to ±1.75 seen
σ
9−µ
0.468 = B1 ±0.468 seen
σ
M1 An eqn with a z-value, µ and σ no √σ, no
σ2

σ = 2.34 M1 Sensible attempt to eliminate µ or σ by

substitution or subtraction, need a value
µ = 7.91 A1 5 correct answers

77. M/J 14/P63/Q2

(i) np = 252 × 1/7 = 36,

npq = 252 × 1/7 × 6/7 = 30.857 B1 Unsimplified 36 and 30.857 seen, oe

  29.5 − 36     44.5 − 36  
P  z <    + P  z > 
 
 
 M1 any standardising, sq rt needed
  30.857     30.857   M1 any continuity correction either 29.5, 30.5, 43.5,
44.5

= P (z < –1.170) + P(z > 1.530)

= 1 – 0.8790 + 1 – 0.9370 M1 correct area 2 – (Φ1 + Φ2)

= 0.184 A1 5 correct answer

(ii) np and nq are both > 5 B1 1 must have both

78. M/J 14/P63/Q5

(i) z = –1.282 B1 Rounding to ± 1.28 seen

t − 6.5
–1.282 = M1 Standardising, no cc, no sq or sq rt, z≠ ±0.9,±0.1
1.76

t = 4.24 A1 3 Correct answer, accept 4.25

(ii) P(z < 1) = 0.8413 M1 z = 1 used to find a probability

P(within 1sd of mean) = 2Φ – 1 B1 correct prob, accept answer rounding to 0.66,

= 0.6826 0.67, 0.68, not from wrong working.
If quoted, then implies first M1.
P(8, 9)
= 9C8(0.6826)8(0.3174)+ (0.6826)9 M1 Binomial term pr(1 – p)9 – r 9Cr , 9Cr must be seen
M1 Binomial expression for P(8)+P(9), any p

= 0.167 A1 5 Correct ans

79. O/N 13/P62/Q1

 − 2.4 − 1.5 
P(x < –2.4) = P  z <  M1 Standardising no cc can have sq
 3.2 
= P(z < –1.219) M1 Correct area, i.e. < 0.5
= 1 – 0.8886
= 0.111 A1 [3] Correct answer rounding to 0.111

Page 397
80. O/N 13/P62/Q3

(i) z = 0.878 B1 ± 0.878, 0.88, rounding to 0.88 seen

190 − 160 (190 – 160)/σ = something
= 0.878 M1
σ
σ = 34.2 A1 [3] Correct answer

(ii) P(at least 1) = 1 – P(0) M1 Using 1 – P(0), 1 – P(0, 1),

P(1,2 … 12) or P(2, … 12)
with p = 0.19 or 0.81, terms must be
evaluated to get the M1
= 1 – (0.81)12 = 0.920 A1 [2] Correct answer accept 0.92

81. O/N 13/P62/Q5

(i) P(4, 5, 6) = (0.22)4(0.78)48C4 + M1 Bin term with 8Cr pr (1 – p)8-r

(0.22)5(0.78)38C5 + (0.22)6(0.78)28C6 M1 seen r ≠ 0 any p < 1
Summing 2 or 3 bin probs p = 0.22,
n=8
= 0.0763 A1 [3] Correct answer

(ii) prob = 0.13 B1 Correct prob can be implied

mean = 300 × 0.13 = 39 B1ft Correct unsimplified np and npq ft wrong
var = 300 × 0.13 × 0.87 = 33.93 0.13

P (30 < x < 50 ) = P M1 Standardising a value need sq rt

 30.5 − 39 49.5 − 39 
 <z< 
 33.93 33.93  M1 Cont correction 30.5 / 31.5 or 48.5/49.5
only

= P(-1.4592< z < 1.8026) M1 Correct area Φ1 + Φ2 – 1 oe

= Φ(1.8026) + Φ(1.4592) – 1 Rounding to correct answer
= 0.9643 + 0.9278 – 1 = 0.892 A1 [6] SC P(31,..49)=300C31(0.13)31(0.87)269
+ … +300C49 etc.) B1B1

82. O/N 13/P61/Q1

B1 X mean at 30, roughly from 10 to 50

Y Z or 15 – 45

X B1 Y same mean as X but higher and thinner

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 B1ft 3 Z same shape as Y but mean at 50 ft wrong Y

83. O/N 13/P61/Q5

(i) z = –1.406 B1 Rounding to ± 1.41 seen

c − 14.2
= −1.406 M1 Standardising allow sq rt no cc
3.6
c = 9.14 A1 3 Correct answer

 15 − 14.2   16 − 14.2 
(ii) P  < z<  M1 2 attempts at standardising no cc no sq rt
 3.6   3.6 
= Φ(0.5) – Φ(0.222) M1 Subt two Φs (indep mark)
= 0.6915 – 0.5879
= 0.1036 A1 Needn’t be entirely accurate, rounding to 0.10

P(at least 2) = 1 – P(0, 1) M1 Binomial term with 7Crpr(1–p)7–r seen r ≠ 0

= 1 – (0.8964)7 – (0.8964)6(0.1036)7C1 any p < 1
= 1 – 0.8413 M1 1 – P(0), 1 – P(1), 1 – P(0, 1) seen their p

= 0.159 A1 6 Correct answer accept 3sf rounding to 0.16

Page 398
 84. O/N 13/P63/Q2 85. O/N 13/P63/Q3

M1 Standardising 1 expression, no cc, no sq rt, no

 13.6 − 14 14.8 − 14 
P(13.6 < X < 14.8) = P <z<  sq, ±, mean on num.
 0.52 0.52 
= P(–0.7692 < z < 1.538) M1 Φ1 + Φ2 – 1 (indep) oe
= Φ(1.538) – [1 – Φ(0.7692)] (Φ2 − Φ1 if cc used)
= 0.9380 – [1 – 0.7791] A1 Correct probability rounding to 0.72 here
= 0.7171
M1 Binomial expression 10C8 p8q2 , Σp + q = 1,
8
P(8) = (0.7171) (0.2829)210C8 any p
A1 5 Correct answer (rounding to 0.252)
= 0.252

(i) (p = )0.85 B1 (p = )0.85 oe seen anywhere

P(< 12) = 1 – P(12, 13, 14)
= 1 –[(0.85)12(0.15)214C12 + M1 Summing 2 or 3 consistent bin probs, any
(0.85)13(0.15)14C13 + (0.85)14] p < 1, n = 14 (or summing 12 or 13 consistent
= 1 – 0.6479 bin probs)
= 0.352 A1 3 Correct answer

(ii) (0.85)n [ 0.1 M1 Eqn or inequality in 0.85(or 0.15), n, 0.1, n as

a power
n Y=14.2 M1 Attempt to solve (can be implied) if n a power
n = 14 A1 3 Correct answer – must be equals, not approx.
MR allowed for 0.01, M1M1A0 max.

86. O/N 13/P63/Q5

(a) P( X < q+ 82) = 0.72

z = 0.583 M1 Rounding to ± 0.58 or ± 0.15 seen
±q ± 2q
or = z or probabilty (o.e.) M1 Standardising, no cc, no sq, no sq rt
7 .4 7 .4

q = 4.31 A1 3 correct answer

0.5µ − µ ± 0.5µ
(b) = M1 Standardising attempt some µ/σ
σ σ allow cc, sq rt, sq
Can be implied
0.2σ 2
= −0.2σ = −0.580 B1 ± 0.580 seen (accept ±0.58)
σ M1 substituting to eliminate µ or σ , arriving at
numerical solution, any z value or probability –
not dependent

σ = 2.90 A1 4 both answers correct , accept 2.9

µ = 3.36

87. M/J 13/P62/Q1

z = 1.452 B1 Rounding to ± 1.45

20 − µ 20 − µ 20 − 5σ
1.452 = B1 or seen oe
µ /5 µ /5 σ

µ = 15.5 B1 [3] rounding to correct answer

Page 399
 88. M/J 13/P61/Q2

np = 350 × 1/7 (= 50) B1 Correct unsimplified np and npq

npq = 350 × 1/7 × 6/7 (= 42.857) M1 standardising, with or without cc, must
have sq rt
 46.5 − 50 
P(x 47) = P  z >  = M1 continuity correction 46.5 or 47.5
 42.857  M1 correct area ie > 0.5 must be a Φ
P(z > – 0.5346)
= 0.704 A1 [5] correct answer

89. M/J 13/P61/Q4

 0−µ 
(a) P(y < 0) = P  z <  M1 Standardising containing 0 (can be
 µ / 2  implied) and µ only
= P ( z < – 2) A1 z < –2 seen

= 1 – 0.9772 = 0.0228 A1 [3] Correct answer

(b) P(x > 2.1 ) = 253/8000 = 0.031625 M1 1 – their 253/8000 used to obtain a
P ( x < 2.1 ) = 0.968375 = Φ (z) z-value
2.1 − 2.04
z = 1.857 or 1.858 or 1.859 = A1 Rounded to 1.86 seen
σ

σ = 0.0323 M1 Solving for σ using their z val must be a

z val
A1 [4] Correct answer

90. M/J 13/P63/Q4

(i) (0.8)n < 0.001 M1 Eqn or inequ involving 0.8n or 0.2n

and 0.001 or 0.999
n > 30.9 M1 Trial and error or logs (can be implied)
n = 31 A1 [3] Correct answer
MR 0.01, max available M1M1A0

(ii) µ = 120 × 0.2 = 24 B1 24 and 19.2 or 19.2 seen

σ2 = 120 × 0.2 × 0.8 = 19.2 M1 Standardising with or without cc, must have sq

rt in denom
32.5 − 24 
P ( x < 33) = P ×  z <  M1 Continuity correction 32.5 or 33.5
 19.2 
= P (z < 1.9398)
= 0.974 A1 [4] Correct answer

Page 400