© 2024 JETIR April 2024, Volume 11, Issue 4 www.jetir.

org (ISSN-2349-5162)

Smart Parking System

1Sakshi Shrivastava, 2Prashant Chakrawarti ,3Shawez Alam, 4Vivek Chandran,
5Prof. Niketan Mishra
1-4 Research Scholar, 5 Professor

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Lakshmi Narain College of Technology & Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

from sensors, processes it, and controls other

components accordingly.
Abstract
This project deals with an effective way of finding empty  Ultrasonic Sensors: These sensors are used to detect
spaces and managing the number of vehicles moving in the presence of vehicles in parking spaces. Placed
and out in complex multi storeyed parking structures by strategically throughout the parking lot, they measure
detecting a vehicle using IR sensors and thus providing a the distance to the nearest obstacle, enabling the
system to determine if a spot is occupied or vacant.
feedback. The fully automated smart car parking system
 LED Displays or Indicators: LED displays or
is rudimental and does not require heavy lines of code
indicators are installed at the entrance of each
nor expensive equipment. It is a simple circuit built for
parking lane to provide visual feedback to drivers.
the exact need of purpose. This automated system is used Green lights indicate vacant spaces, while red lights
to find the vacancy in parking spaces available and indicate occupied spaces.
navigate the driver to reach the desired space using  LCD Display: An LCD display can be integrated into
visuals and in an effective manner, thus reducing search the system to provide real-time information such as
time. This system is required for malls, multistorey the total number of available parking spaces and
parking structures, IT hubs and parking facilities. This directions to the nearest vacant spot.
makes sure the requirement of labour is insubstantial.  Internet Connectivity (Optional): For advanced
functionality, such as remote monitoring and
keywords - RFID, IOT, Arduino, Ultrasonic Sensors. management, the system can be equipped with
internet connectivity using modules like Wi-Fi
or Ethernet shields.
1. INTRODUCTION:

In an increasingly urbanized world, parking has become a 2. WORKING PRINCIPLE:

significant challenge. Finding a parking spot can be time-
consuming and frustrating for drivers, leading to traffic  Vehicle Detection: Ultrasonic sensors are installed
congestion and wasted fuel. To address this issue, smart above each parking space to detect the presence of
parking systems are being developed to efficiently manage vehicles. When a vehicle enters or exits a spot, the
parking spaces and improve the overall parking experience. sensor sends a signal to the Arduino board.
One such solution is a Smart Parking System using Arduino.  Data Processing: Arduino processes the data received
Arduino, a popular open-source electronics platform, provides from the sensors to determine the occupancy status of
a versatile and cost-effective way to build innovative projects, each parking space. It updates the information in real-
including smart parking systems. By integrating Arduino with time and controls the LED displays accordingly.
various sensors and communication technologies, we can  Display Information: LED displays at the entrance of
create a system that can detect the availability of parking each parking lane indicate the availability of spaces
spaces in real-time and guide drivers to vacant spots, thereby using green (vacant) and red (occupied) lights.
reducing congestion and enhancing convenience. Additionally, an LCD display provides overall parking
status and directions to available spots.
1.1 Key Components:  Optional Features: With internet connectivity, the
system can offer additional features such as remote
monitoring via a web interface or mobile app, real-
 Arduino Board: The heart of the system, Arduino
time updates on parking availability, and integration
serves as the central processing unit. It receives data

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with

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navigation systems to guide drivers to the nearest  Data from sensors is processed by a central control unit
vacant spot.

IMPORTANT-
The working of a smart parking system using Arduino involves several steps, including vehicle detection, data processing, and user interface interaction.

Vehicle Detection- Ultrasonic sensors or other types of

proximity sensors are installed above each parking space.These
sensors emit ultrasonic waves and measure the time taken for
the waves to bounce back after hitting an obstacle (in this case,
a vehicle).If the measured distance is below a certain threshold,
it indicates the presence of a vehicle in the parking space.

Data Processing-The Arduino board receives input signals from

all the sensors installed in the parking lot.It processes this data
to determine the occupancy status of each parking space.
Arduino then updates the system's database or memory with
real-time information about which parking spaces are vacant
and which are occupied.

User Interface Interaction- LED displays or indicators placed at

the entrance of each parking lane visually communicate the
availability of parking spaces to drivers. Green lights typically
indicate vacant spaces, while red lights indicate occupied
spaces. Additionally, an LCD display may be integrated into the
system to provide more detailed information, such as the total
number of available parking spaces and directions to the nearest
vacant spot.

Alerts and Notifications- The system can also be programmed to

send alerts or notifications to parking attendants or authorities
in case of any issues, such as unauthorized parking or
equipment malfunction.

Maintenance and Optimization- Regular maintenance and

calibration of sensors are essential to ensure accurate detection
of vehicle presence.Data collected by the system can be
analyzed to optimize parking lot layout, improve traffic flow,
and identify trends or patterns in parking behavior.
NOTE-
Overall, the smart parking system using Arduino streamlines the parking experience for users, reduces congestion, optimizes space utilization, and enhan

3. DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENTS OF SMART

PARKING SYSTEM:

Smart parking systems can be implemented in various

arrangements depending on factors such as the size and layout
of the parking area, the technology used, and the specific
requirements of the application. Here are several different
arrangements of smart parking systems:

Single-Level Parking Lot:

 In a single-level parking lot, smart parking sensors are
typically installed above each parking space to detect
the presence of vehicles.
 LED indicators or displays at the entrance of each
parking lane communicate the availability of parking
spaces to drivers.

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(such as an Arduino board), which updates the
status of each parking space in real-time.

Multi-Level Parking Garage:

 Multi-level parking garages require a more
sophisticated system due to the vertical
arrangement of parking spaces.
 Smart parking sensors are installed on each level
to detect occupancy, and LED displays or
indicators are placed at key points throughout the
garage to guide drivers to available spaces on
each level.
 In addition to vertical indicators, digital signage or
navigation systems may be used to direct drivers
to specific parking spots within the garage.

Street Parking:
 In urban areas with street parking, smart parking
systems can be deployed along the roadside to
monitor parking space availability.
 Sensors embedded in the pavement or attached to
street lamps detect the presence of vehicles, and
this information is relayed to a centralized control
system.
 Drivers can access real-time parking availability
data through mobile apps or digital signage,
helping them find parking more efficiently and
reducing traffic congestion.

Mixed-Use Developments:
 Mixed-use developments often feature a
combination of parking structures, surface lots,
and on-street parking.
 Smart parking systems in these environments may
integrate various technologies, including sensors,
cameras, and license plate recognition systems, to
monitor parking availability across different
areas.
 Centralized management software aggregates data
from multiple sources to provide comprehensive
parking guidance and management capabilities.

Residential Communities:
 In residential communities or apartment
complexes, smart parking systems can help
residents and visitors find available parking
spaces more easily.
 Parking sensors installed in designated parking
areas detect occupancy, and LED displays or
mobile apps provide real-time information on
parking availability.
 Some systems may include features such as
reserved parking for residents, guest parking
management, and vehicle tracking for security
purposes.

Mixed-Mode Transportation Hubs:

 Transportation hubs that integrate parking
facilities with other modes of transportation (such
as train stations or airports) require smart parking
systems that can handle high volumes of vehicles
and passengers.
 These systems often include advanced features
such as automated payment systems, dynamic
pricing based on demand, and integration with
public transit

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schedules to facilitate seamless multimodal journeys.  Database or Cloud Storage:

A database or cloud storage system is used to store and
manage parking-related data, such as parking space
occupancy status, user profiles, transaction records, and
historical usage patterns.This data is accessed and
updated by various system components to support
parking management, analytics, and reporting functions.
 Payment System:
For paid parking facilities, a payment system is
integrated into the smart parking system to facilitate
transactions and revenue collection.Payment options
may include cash, credit/debit cards, mobile payments,
or prepaid parking passes.Automated payment kiosks,
mobile apps, or online payment portals are commonly
used interfaces for users to pay for parking.
 Security and Surveillance:
Security and surveillance components such as CCTV
cameras, motion sensors, and access control systems
help ensure the safety and security of parking
Fig: 3.1 smart car parking system.BASIC facilities.These components may be integrated into
the smart parking system to monitor for unauthorized
COMPONENTS OF SMART PARKING SYSTEM
access, deter theft or vandalism, and provide evidence in
: case of incidents.
A smart parking system typically consists of several key
components working together to efficiently manage
parking spaces and provide a seamless experience for  Integration with External Systems:
users. Here are the main components of a smart parking Smart parking systems may also integrate with external
system: systems or services to enhance functionality and
interoperability.This could include integration with
transportation management systems, navigation apps,
 Parking Sensors: vehicle tracking systems, or environmental sensors for
Parking sensors are devices that detect the presence or air quality monitoring.
absence of vehicles in parking spaces. Common types of
parking sensors include ultrasonic sensors, infrared
sensors, magnetic sensors, and camera-based
sensors.These sensors are typically installed above or
within each parking space to monitor occupancy in real-
time.
 Communication Network:
A communication network facilitates the transfer of data
between parking sensors, control units, and user
interfaces.This network can be wired or wireless,
depending on the specific implementation of the smart
parking system.Wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth, LoRa, or cellular networks are often used to
enable connectivity between components.
 Control Unit:
The control unit serves as the central processing hub of Figure 4.1: Arduino
the smart parking system.It receives data from parking NOTE-
sensors, processes it to determine parking availability, By combining these components, smart parking systems can optimize park
and controls other system components accordingly.
Microcontroller platforms like Arduino or Raspberry Pi
are commonly used as control units in smart parking
systems.
 User Interface: The concept of ardunio dependent on the availability of
The user interface provides a way for drivers to interact components, cost, reliability, implementation, professional
with the smart parking system and access parking-related technical skills required, safety requirements and most
information.This can include LED displays, digital importantly its need by the customers. Therefore, studying
signage, mobile apps, web portals, or kiosks located at the alternatives, in terms of all essential design steps in order
entry/exit points or accessible remotely.The user to select the best one, requires right decision making. Then
interface typically displays real-time information about testing the selected option against several factors such as
parking availability, directions to available spaces, and customer preferences and needs, national standards if it shall
payment options. be recommended by government law, availability of

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material,

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estimated material costs, financial budget, feasibility as well

as efficiency of which all will determine the final selection of 4. WORKING OF SMART
the design. PARKING SYSTEM.

How the Arduino connected with others devices: It's an The working concept of this involves 4 components: IR
open- source physical computing platform based on a simple Sensor, Arduino board, Servo motors, and the LCD
microcontroller board, and a development environment for Display.The IR sensors are continuously scanning both sides
writing software for the board. Arduino can be used to of the crossing for cars so they can give an alert when the car
develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of is either coming or leaving. As soon as the car approaches a
switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, crossing from either side the command is sent to the Arduino
motors, and other physical outputs board.The Arduino board upon receiving the command gives
out the signal to the servo to open the crossing.The Arduino
then gives out the command to LCD Display to either
increase or decrease the number of empty spaces.The whole
process gets started again. This completes the working
concept of this project

Basic components of a smart parking system

1. Infrared Sensor
2. LCD Display
3. Servo Motor
4. Arduino
5. USB Connector
6. Arduino Controller Chip
Figure 4.2 Use of Web Services in Smart 7. NODE MCU
Parking System

5. APPLICATIONS
Smart Parking System uses RFID & Arduino can be
used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a
variety of switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of
lights, motors, and other physical outputs:
 Sensor Based Detection
 Real-Time Data Collection
 Processing And Analysis
 Communication Systems
 User-Friendly Applications
 Efficient Space Utilization.
 Reduced Traffic Congestion:
 Improved User Experience
1. The system helps optimize parking space usage
Figure 4.3 Working of Smart Parking System by guiding drivers to available parking spots,
reducing congestion, and saving time.
2. to create a more connected and efficient urban
environment.
3. The system can collect data on parking space
utilization, which can be analyzed to improve
parking infrastructure planning and management
.
4. Drivers benefit from a more convenient parking
experience, as they can easily find parking spots
without having to search extensively.
IMPORTANT
The Smart Parking System offers a range of benefits that can improve urban mob

Figure 4.4 Use Of Sensors in Smart Parking

System.

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users.
6. BENEFITS: For parking facility operators, smart parking systems provide
valuable insights into parking demand, usage patterns, and
Improved Efficiency: By guiding drivers to available parking revenue generation. By analyzing data collected by the system,
spaces, the system reduces the time spent searching for parking, operators can make informed decisions to improve operational
thereby improving overall traffic flow and reducing congestion. efficiency, optimize pricing strategies, and enhance overall
management of parking facilities. Furthermore, smart parking
Enhanced User Experience: Drivers benefit from a more systems contribute to sustainability efforts by reducing vehicle
convenient and hassle-free parking experience, leading to emissions associated with circling for parking and minimizing
higher satisfaction levels. the environmental impact of parking facilities through better
space utilization.
Optimized Space Utilization: The system enables better In summary, smart parking systems represent a key innovation
utilization of parking spaces by providing accurate information in urban mobility, offering a holistic solution to the challenges
on occupancy status, thereby maximizing the capacity of the of parking management in modern cities. As technology
parking lot. continues to evolve, these systems are expected to play an
increasingly important role in shaping the future of
7. RESULT transportation and urban development.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is connecting devices and 9. REFRENCES

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areas. Automated parking systems are likely to integrate Ahmad,“Intelligent Parking System” Scientific Research
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