ECA

Lab Report 07

Name HASEEB-UR-REHMAN

Bilal

Samilullah

Registration FA20-BEE-067
Number
FA20-BCE-016

FA20-EEE-025

Class 4A

Instructor’s Name
SIR Sharjeel Riaz
 Lab # 07: Study the Relationship between
Voltageand Current in Three-Phase Circuits

Objectives

This lab experiment has been designed to verify the relationship between voltages and currents in
three phase ac circuits. The goal of experiment is to

Verify the relationship between magnitudes and phases of line voltage and phase voltage in
balanced wye-wye connection.
Verify the relationship between magnitudes and phases of line currents and phase currents in
balanced delta-delta connection.

Pre-Lab:

Background theory:

A three-phase system consists of three voltage sources connected to loads by transmission

lines. The magnitude of voltage sources is same, while they are out of phase with each other by
120o. The value of impedance is same in all the three phases. Each of the branches can be
treated as a single-phase circuit, and thus the analysis of a three-phase circuit is not necessarily
any more difficult than the corresponding single-phase network.

Three-phase systems are normally configured as either a WYE or DELTA. The names result
from the physical similarity of the wye connection to the letter Y and the delta connection to the
Greek letter of the same name (a triangular symbol). Each of these configurations has unique
electrical characteristics. The objective of analyzing three phase circuit is to determine the
relationship between currents flowing through transmission lines and loads as well as line
voltage and phase voltages.

Wye-wye connection

In Wye-wye connection, both source and load are connected in wye configuration. Balanced
load implies that the value of resistive, inductive and capacitive impedance is same in all the
three phases. The magnitude of phase voltages or line to neutral voltages is same in all the three
phases. However, they differ with each other by 120o.

Similarly, line-to-line voltages in all three phases are equal in magnitude and differ with each
other by 120o. The line voltages and phase voltages are related to each other as mentioned
below:
 𝑽𝑳 =√𝟑𝑽𝒑

Where ‘VL’ represents the magnitude of line voltage and ‘VP’ representsmagnitude of phase voltage.

Delta-Delta connection

In delta-delta connection, both voltage sources and load are delta connected. The magnitude of phase
currents is same in all the three phases. However, they differ with each other by 120 o.

Similarly, all line currents are equal in magnitude and differ with each other by 120 o. The line currents
and phase currents are related to each other as mentioned below:

𝑰𝑳 =√𝟑𝑰𝒑
Where ‘IL’ represents the magnitude of line current and ‘IP’ representsmagnitude of phase current. The
magnitude of line current is times that of phase current.

In-Lab Tasks
Task 1

Determine the relationship between Line Voltage and Phase Voltage in Balanced
Wye-Wye Connection

1) Connect the Wye-wye circuit as shown in figure 1.

2) Set amplitude of ac voltage sources as 20 V, frequency as 1Khz and phase of three sources should
be taken as 0o, -120o and -120o.
3) Set value of load as R=1KΩ and L = 25mH. The value of load in all three phases should be same.
4) Set type of simulation as ‘Transient’.
5) Plot phase voltages, that is, the node voltages VA, VB and VC.
6) Plot line voltages, VAB, VBC and VCA. The line voltages VAB is the difference between node
voltages VA and VB. Similarly, plot other line voltages.
7) Note the values of line voltages and phases voltages in the measurement section.
 Figure 1: Y-Y Connection

Task 2

Determine Relation between Line Current and Phase Currents in delta-delta

connection
1) Connect the delta-delta circuit as shown in figure 2.
2) Set amplitude of ac voltage sources as 20 V, frequency as 1Khz and phase of three sources
should be taken as 0o, -120o and -120o.
3) Set value of load as R=1KΩ and L = 25mH. The value of load in all three phases should be same.
4) The resistors R4, R5 and R6 have been included in the circuit in order to plot currents through
the transmission lines.
5) Set type of simulation as ‘Transient’.
6) Plot phase currents, that is the currents through either resistors R1, R2 and R3 or currents
through inductors L1, L2 and L3. Note the magnitudes of the phase currents in measurement
section.
7) Plot line currents. They are the currents through resistors R4, R5 and R6. Note the magnitudes of
the phase currents.
8) Plot line current R6 and its corresponding phase current R3. Note the value of phase difference
between them. Moreover, determine the lead/ lag relationship between both currents.
Figure 2 Delta-Delta connection

IN lab task:

Delta Delta connection:

In this, phase voltages are same as line voltages. Phases are only different.
The voltages graph will be similar to the delta wye connections.
Here, the line currents and phase currents will be different in phase

Graphical representation:
 Verification of the task by mathematical:
Here it is clearly verified that Phase Current is √3 times Line Current.
Il = √3* Ip

And the phase difference is 300.

Ip = 104 Amp , Il =√3*104 =176.7 Amp

Now check the x-axis for both voltages (2nd peak).
For calculating phase difference,
(1.74 – 1.66) * 360 = 28.8o≅ 30o.

Delta whye connections

Also, the line currents will be same as the phase currents. Only phase will change.
Here, the line voltages will be same as phase voltages. Only phase would be different. i.e.

Graphical representation:
 Verification of task.
Here it is clearly verified that Phase Voltage is √3 times Line Voltage.
Vl = √3* Vp
And the phase difference is 300

Whye delta connections:

All representation:
 Verification:

Here it is clearly verified that Phase Current is √3 times Line Current.

Il = √3* Ip

And the phase difference is 300.

Ip = 184 Amp , Il =√3*184 = 312.8 Amp
Now check the x-axis for both voltages (2nd peak).
For calculating phase difference,
(1.25 – 1.17) * 360 = 28.8o≅ 30o

WHE WHE Connections:

These are all 3 line currents in 120 degrees difference in phase to each other.
(The phase currents is the same as line currents).

Graphical representation:

Voltage:

Current:
Verification:
Here it is clearly verified that Phase Voltage is √3 times Line Voltage.
Vl = √3* Vp

And the phase difference is 300.

Vp= 20V , Vl=√3*20 = 35V

Now check the x-axis for both voltages (2nd peak).
For calculating phase difference,
(1.25 – 1.17) * 360 = 28.8o≅ 30o

Post-Lab
POST LAB QUESTIONS:
1. In a WYE connected circuit, if the line-to-line voltage is 346 Volts, rms, what is the line-
to-neutral voltage?
Ans - It would also be 346V.

2. In a DELTA connected circuit, the current is 20 amperes in each phase. What is the line current?
Ans - It would be √3 times the phase current, i.e. 34.64 amperes.

3. In a WYE connected circuit the current is 10 Amperes per phase. What is the line current?
Ans - It is also 10 Amperes, because for WYE-connected circuits, values for phase current and
line current is always same

Conclusion:
After doing this lab physically in lab we abled to learn lot of things. In this lab experiment has
we designed to verify the relationship between voltages and currents in three phase ac circuits.
The goal of this lab experiment is to Verify the relationship between magnitudes and phases of
line voltage and phase voltage in balanced wye-wye connection ,verify the relationship between
magnitudes and phases of line currents and phase currents in balanced delta-delta connection.