14 6 (a) State the quark composition of: (i) a proton sll. (ii) a neutron vp dawn dawn (iii) an alpha-particle. bp... oda... up. deen . (b) In the alpha-particle scattering experiment, alpha-particles were directed at a thin gold foil. State what may be inferred from: {the observation that most alpha-particles pass through the foil mde bury mall oy (ii) the observation that some alpha-particles are scattered through angles greater than 90°, He wien (5 cbaryed oud tee merry... of He, tad) hake {5.10 he mvolios 2 (c) Aproton and an alpha-particle are moving in the same uniform electric field. Determine the ratio acceleration of proton due to the electric field acceleration of alpha-particle due to the electric field f- &9 Ne mr 2) A.A: &4 . © am [Total: 9} (4 L L uf ‘©UCLES 2021 s7ozesmwsra119 7 (a) Table 7.1 shows incomplete data for three flavours (types) of quark. The elementary charge ise. Table 7.4 quark antiquark flavour symbol charge/e symbol charge/e up u 3 u 2 Z down d ~t a tf charm c +2 é -¥ 3 Complete Table 7.1 by inserting the missing charges. ay {b) Using the symbols given in Table 7.1, state a possible quark combination for the following hadrons: (i) aneutral baryon ud ii) a meson with a charge of +e. ud . fy . ty (c) Quarks are fundamental particles. Electrons are in another group (class) of fundamental particle. (i) State the name of this group. fun (ii) State the name of another particle in this group. : ton fvqtine fawn . 0 p° Vv Vv [Total: 6] @UCLES 2023 9702/23iNisi2319 8 (a) Nucleus P and nucleus Q are isotopes of the same element. Nucleus Q is unstable and emits a 6 particle to form nucleus R (i) For nuclei P and Q, compare: the number of protons equa | ‘* the number of neutrons. iggnot da fbn . 3 (ii) When nucleus Q decays to form nucleus R, the quark composition of a nucleon changes. State the change to the quark composition of the nucleon. ww) @ aE. VP. oy State the name of another particle that must be emitted from nucleus Q in addition to the Brparticle. - of) reyhine - (b) Ahadron consists of two charm quarks and one bottom quark. Determine, in terms of the elementary charge e, the charge of the hadron. za 2h ty ty pst FW charge = 8 (2) [Total: 6} @UCLES 2023 s7ozre2iMisi237a) The results ofthe a-paricle scaling experiment led tothe development of the nuclear ‘modo forthe atom, ‘Stale the results that suggested that most ofthe mass of he stom is concentrated ina very ‘smal gion and most ofthe atom empty space. Avery. Seoall poperhan, of daglectect..vacls. (ogles..g ale psnpes bren..cf.alphen Kheolgh, a (©) State te composition of -adiaion elect o veg ne. hic Cedita hos in (@) Tee 71 tse names of te prides and posible lsitatons or em Tobie alae ‘aaeicaton vanjen [Paden [eaten ein Vv eto v v positon v complet Table 7.1 by placing ticks (inthe boxes to inate the clssifcations that apply to each pail 2) 6 (4) The discovery ofa partie with an unusual charge was an mpotant step inthe development ofthe theory of quarks, The partes a hadron with a mass of 219 x 10-""kg and a charge (0f +29, where e's he elementary charge. [Us be x10e? & 6 Cansen Po nn ste ui het er ee ent me 29x?) 32 y (66x02? 132 mass = vn (i) Determine apostle quark compsion of taon wi charge of 26 spain your easoaing Up uP ve tz 42 L bed 3 tF tes 2 a rie16 7 (a) Anucleus of caesium-137 ('22Cs) decays by emitting a B~ particle to produce a nucleus of an element X and an antineutrino. The decay is represented by cs > Sx + Ep + by. (i) State the number represented by each of the following letters. ° (37 | é 3X 2) (ii) State the name of the class (group) of particles that includes the B particle and the antineutrino. (b) Aparticle Y has a quark composition of ddd where d represents a down quark. Aparticle Z has a quark composition of uid where U represents an up antiquark. (i) Show that the charges of particles Y and Z are equal. t ~Le) Haye) = — 4 te) -ta-fe) €) Z:z0d Fe -H0 = -t@) el (ii) State and explain which particle is a meson and which particle is a baryon. Tiaul Qbs St of a quark andl Dor... ANE quate, payor: .L.petavle Conese of 3 quart. meson: .. (2) [Total: 7] Permission to reproduce items where thie-pary cued material prolectod by copyight is incuded has been sought and cleared where possble. Every reasonable efor has been made by the publsher (UCLES) trace copyright holders, but any tems requiing clearence have unwitingly been included, he Publaher wl be pleased to make amends at the earsst possible epportanty. “o avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-elated information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements ae reproduced online In the Cambridge ‘Assessment Intemational Eduction Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. Ths is produced foreach series of examinations andi rely avaliable to downoad _at wew.cambridgeinteratonal.cg ater the Ive examination series, Cambridge Assessment international Educaton is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name ofthe Universty of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), whichis a deparment ofthe University of Cambridge. @UCLES 2022 srozreanusi2a16 7 (a) Inthe following list, underline all the particles that are not fundamental. antineutrino baryon. nucleon. positron [1] (b) Anucleus of thorium-230 (25Th) decays in stages, by emitting «-particles and particles, to form a nucleus of lead-206 (726Pb).. Determine the total number of a-particles and the total number of B~ particles that are emitted during the sequence of decays that form the nucleus of lead-206 from the nucleus of thorium-230. Zo wrt ‘ eB 4 206 ge th —7 bah ‘ “P ale 230-206 = 24-4 =6 \ Jo ~ (6x2) ~82 = ~4 number of «-particles = number of B particles (c) Ameson has a charge of —1e, where e is the elementary charge. The quark composition of the meson includes a charm antiquark. State and explain a possible flavour (type) of the other quark in the meson. Charm - 5a ~@) t qok= 1) / oun qurs -1€)t%@) = Fe) dow 2) [Total: 5] Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has beon sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has baen made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but f any tems requiing clearance have unwitingly been included, the publisher wil be pleased to make amends at te earfiest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-elated information to candidates. all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment interaional Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is frely avallable to download at wrw.cambridgeinterational og afer the lve examination sores. Cambridge Assessment Intemational Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment isthe brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syedicate (CLES), which isa department ofthe University of Cambridge ©UCLES 2023 9702/22/0/NI23