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18 May 2024 Geography Activity

The document contains a geography activity with multiple choice and short answer questions testing various GIS and mapping concepts. It covers topics like coordinate systems, map scales, aerial photographs, and analyzing topographic maps. The activity aims to assess understanding of key ideas in spatial analysis and representation.

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Aman Pati
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18 views6 pages

18 May 2024 Geography Activity

The document contains a geography activity with multiple choice and short answer questions testing various GIS and mapping concepts. It covers topics like coordinate systems, map scales, aerial photographs, and analyzing topographic maps. The activity aims to assess understanding of key ideas in spatial analysis and representation.

Uploaded by

Aman Pati
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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18 May 2024 Geography Activity

Question 1:
1. b. Western Cape
2. d. Grapes
3. d. 198°
4. 1137.2 m
5. a. 18°E
Question 2:
1. False, Orthophoto Maps always have a scale of 1:10 000.
2. True.
3. True.
4. False, Satellite imagery is an example of Raster Data.
5. False, If the source is correctly referenced, it is considered to be
acceptable secondary data for a fieldwork enquiry.
Question 3:
1. Intervisibility refers to the ability to see from one point to another without any
obstructions. In the context of geography and mapping, it often concerns the
visibility between two locations on the Earth's surface, considering the terrain
and other potential obstructions that might block the line of sight.
2. Vertical exaggeration is the process of amplifying the vertical scale relative to
the horizontal scale in topographical maps, cross-sectional diagrams, or other
graphical representations of terrain. This technique is used to highlight and
analyse subtle changes in elevation that might be difficult to discern at a 1:1
scale. It helps in understanding geological features, landforms, and other
elevation-based characteristics more clearly.
3. Stereoscopic photo pairs are two photographs of the same area taken from
slightly different angles, designed to be viewed together using a stereoscope
or other 3D viewing methods. When viewed in this manner, they create a
three-dimensional image, allowing the observer to perceive depth and better
understand the topography and spatial relationships within the photographed
area.
4. Attribute GIS (Geographic Information System) data refers to the non-spatial
information associated with a spatial feature. These attributes provide
additional details about the geographical entities represented on a map. For
example, in a GIS database, a spatial feature such as a river might have
attribute data including its name, length, average depth, water quality, and
flow rate.
5. Secondary data sources are information that has been collected, processed,
and published by others for purposes other than the specific research or
project at hand. This data can come from various sources such as books,
academic journals, government reports, statistical databases, and other
existing research. Researchers use secondary data to support their work,
saving time and resources by leveraging already available information.

Question 4:
1. Magnetic Declination in 2002: 23° 53’ W
Mean Annual change: 6’ westward.
Total change: 10 x 6
= 60’ West
23° 53’ W + 60’ W
= 24° 53’ W
2. True Bearing: 198°
MD: 24° 53’ W
MB: 222° 53’ W
3.1 34° 3’ 50” S 18° 50’ 37’’ E
3.2 34° 2’ 20” S 18° 54’ 30’’ E
4.
Vertical Scale
5. Vertical Exaggeration = Horizontal Scale

1 1
= 10000 ÷ 50000

= 5 Times.
The cross-section has been enlarged 5 times.
Vertical Rise
6. Gradient= Horizontal Distance

Calculating Vertical Rise:


VR = Highest point – lowest point
= 1137.2 – 500
= 637.2 m
Calculating Horizontal Distance:
Map distance- 13cm
= 6500 m
Vertical Rise
Gradient= Horizontal Distance
637.2
= 6500
= 1: 10.20
7.1 A Spur
7.2 A Concave slope.
7.3 Steep Slope.
Question 5:
1. High Angle Oblique Aerial Photograph: A high angle oblique aerial
photograph is taken from an aircraft at a high angle, usually
around 60 degrees or more from the vertical. This type of
photograph includes a wide horizon view and captures a significant
portion of the ground along with the sky. It provides a broad
perspective of the landscape, making it useful for scenic
overviews, capturing the layout of large areas, and showing the
relationship between different features over long distances.
Low Angle Oblique Aerial Photograph: A low angle oblique aerial
photograph, on the other hand, is taken from a lower angle,
typically less than 30 degrees from the vertical. This photograph
focuses more on the ground and less on the horizon, providing a
closer and more detailed view of specific features. It’s beneficial for
examining objects or areas in greater detail, such as buildings,
roads, or smaller sections of the landscape.
2. Using Tone and Shadows to Determine the Season in Aerial
Photographs
1. Length and Direction of Shadows: The length and direction of
shadows in aerial photographs are indicative of the time of year. During
winter, the sun is lower in the sky, resulting in longer shadows.
Conversely, in summer, the sun is higher, creating shorter shadows. By
analysing the shadows' length and angle, one can infer whether the
photograph was taken during a period of low sun (winter) or high sun
(summer).
2. Vegetation Tone and Colour: The tone and colour of vegetation visible
in aerial photographs also provide clues about the season. In spring and
summer, vegetation typically appears lush and vibrant green due to
active growth and full foliage. During autumn, leaves change colour to
various shades of red, orange, and yellow, creating a distinct tonal shift.
In winter, many deciduous trees lose their leaves, and the landscape
might appear more barren and browner or covered in snow, which adds
a stark contrast to the scene.
3. Presence and Type of Shadows: Different seasons affect the type and
presence of shadows in aerial photographs. In summer, clear skies lead
to sharp, well-defined shadows due to direct sunlight. In contrast, winter
months, especially in regions prone to overcast conditions, might display
softer, less defined shadows due to diffuse lighting from cloud cover.
Additionally, snow on the ground during winter can create bright areas
with minimal shadows, altering the typical shadow patterns seen in other
seasons.
Question 6:
1. Spatial Data, Raster Data, Vector Data, Attribute Data.

2. Imagery Resolution

 Low spatial resolution imagery: Often used for regional planning,


land cover analysis, or identifying broad trends. Examples include
satellite imagery for monitoring deforestation or tracking weather
patterns.
 High spatial resolution imagery: Suitable for detailed analysis of
specific areas. Examples include aerial photographs for
infrastructure inspection or mapping property boundaries.

3. Data Types from Map Extract

Here are three data types you can capture from a topographic map
extract:

 Point: Spot elevation (height above sea level)


 Line: Stream or river course, roads.
 Polygon: Wooded area or a lake, Water bodies.

4. There are three main types of GIS data:

1. Spatial data: Represents the location and shape of geographic


features (e.g., points, lines, polygons)
2. Attribute data: Provides descriptive information about the spatial
features (e.g., names, classifications, measurements)
3. Metadata: Describes the spatial and attribute data themselves
(e.g., source, format, accuracy)

5. Land cover: A raster image can represent land cover types (e.g.,
forest, grassland, urban) where each cell in the grid corresponds to a
dominant cover type in that area.

6. Real-World Feature Examples

 Point: Traffic light location, well location, mountain peak


 Line: Road centreline, river, power line
 Polygon: Building footprint, park boundary, agricultural field
Question 7

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