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CH 7 1 Cell Discovery and Theory PDF

The document discusses the history of cell discovery starting with Hooke and Leeuwenhoek in the 1600s observing cells under early microscopes. It then outlines the contributions of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow that led to the widely accepted Cell Theory stating that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function, and new cells are produced from existing cells.

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118 views22 pages

CH 7 1 Cell Discovery and Theory PDF

The document discusses the history of cell discovery starting with Hooke and Leeuwenhoek in the 1600s observing cells under early microscopes. It then outlines the contributions of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow that led to the widely accepted Cell Theory stating that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function, and new cells are produced from existing cells.

Uploaded by

ghalia.amk
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Section 1: Cell Discovery and Theory

The invention of the microscope led to the discovery of cells.


Ch.7,sec.1
Objectives:
1-Explain the history of the cell discovery.
2-Describe the cell.
Success criteria: Students will be able to:
1-Determine the first scientist who observed
the cell.
2-Define and describe the cell.
History of the Cell Theory

Robert Hooke Leeuwenhoek (LAY vun hook)


(1665) In the late 1600s

British scientist Dutch scientist


The first to observe the cells under a He examined a lot of things like pond
simple basic microscope. water, milk, blood and plaque of
teeth. .
Hooke saw small, box-shaped
structures in the cork.
He was surprised to find moving
living organisms in these substances.

called them cellulae (small rooms). Tiny moving structures called them
living animalcules(bacteria)

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Cell Discovery and Theory


Cell discovery (10 min.)
Scientist Year Discovery

Robert Hooke 1665 He used the microscope to look at a piece of cork,


which is the dead cells of oak bark.
Hooke saw small, box-shaped structures in the cork,
which he called cellulae.
Leeuwenhoek Late He examined pond water, milk, and other substances.
1600s He was surprised to find living organisms in these
substances
Schleiden 1838 He concluded that all plants are composed of cells.
German Botanist

Schwann 1839 He declared that animal tissues were made up of cells


German Zoologist

Virchow 1855 He detected that cells dividing under the microscope


German Pathologist and so cells are dividing from pre-existing cells.
Cell Theory Principals:
• From the work of the three German
scientists, we have the cell theory that
• Cell Theory Principals:
• 1-
• 2-
• 3-
Matthias Schleiden Schwann Rudolf Virchow
(Botanist)1938 (Zoologist)1839 (Pathologist)1855

German scientists
He concluded that all Declared that animal He observed cells dividing
plants are composed of tissues were made up of under the microscope.
cells cells.
From the work of the three German scientists, we have the cell theory that
includes the principles listed in the table below:
Cell Theory Principals:
Individual –Task( 5 minutes)
Microscope Technology
1. Compound light microscopes
• Use a series of glass lenses and visible light to magnify
images
• Magnify images up to ~1000× actual size
2. Electron microscopes (It doesn’t use lenses
transmission electron microscope
(TEM)
• Create an image by illuminating a sample with a
beam of electrons and collecting the electrons that
are reflected back from the sample
• Magnify images up to 500,000× actual size

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Cell Discovery and Theory


Compound light microscope
Electron microscope
Transmission electron Scanning electron Scanning tunneling
microscope (TEM) microscope (SEM) electron microscope (STM)
uses magnets to aim a It produces a three- It produces a three-
beam of electrons at the dimensional image of the dimensional image of
image to be magnified. cell. objects that are small as
Some TEMs can magnify an atoms.
image 500,000×.
only nonliving cells can be only nonliving cells can be can magnify living cells.
examined examined
Basic Cell Types
• All cells have at least one physical trait in common: a
plasma membrane.
• A plasma membrane is a special boundary that helps
control what enters and leaves the cell.
• Most cells contain genetic material in some form.
• Most cells break down molecules to generate
energy.
• There are two basic kinds of cells: eukaryotic and
prokaryotic.

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Cell Discovery and Theory


Favorites | Blooket
Types of Cells
Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells
-Contain true nucleus and -Cells without a true nucleus or
organelles. membrane-bound organelles.
-Organelles are specialized -Simple cells that have no
structures that perform specific specialized structures.
cell functions.
-Nucleus is the central organelle -Smaller and simpler than
that contains the cell’s genetic eukaryotes
material. -Organisms that are generally
-Organisms that are either unicellular. , such as bacteria
unicellular or multicellular.
-Eukaryotic cells are generally
much larger than prokaryotic
cells
14
Review
Essential Questions
• How are the advances in microscope technology related to discoveries about cells?
• What are the similarities and differences between compound light microscopes and
electron microscopes?
• What are the principles of the cell theory?
• What are the differences between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?

Vocabulary
• cell • organelle • nucleus
• cell theory • eukaryotic cell • prokaryotic cell
• plasma membrane

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Cell Discovery and Theory

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