Statistics and Literature Passages

Tables and Graphs

After this lesson, you will be confident in your ability to:

• Draw inferences about data presented in a variety of graphical formats

The most common ACT formats for data include:

• Tables
• Bar graphs
• Piecewise graphs
• Circle (pie) graphs

Use the following information to answer questions 1–4. The circle graph below shows how the
$3,000 monthly income of the Chen family is spent. There are 4 people—2 adults and 2
1
children—in the Chen family. 2
2

1. The area of the Food sector is how many times as large as the area of the Other sector?
A. 2
1
B. 2
2
C. 4
D. 5
E. 8
2. What is the measure of the central angle for the Housing sector?
F. 30
G. 40
 H. 72
J. 120
K. 144
3. Suppose the Chen family’s monthly income increases by $600. The $600 is put into a
new category called Savings. The monthly amounts in the other 5 categories do not
change. What is the positive difference between the percent of income for Clothes in
the circle graph shown and the percent of income for Clothes with the increase in
income?
2
A. 1 %
3
1
B. 2 %
2
1
C. 8 %
3
D. 10%
1
E. 12 %
2
4. In the Food category, the amount of income spent on each Chen child is estimated to be
2
the amount spent on each Chen adult. In this category, what is the estimated
3
amount spent on 1 Chen child per month?
F. $125.00
G. $150.00
H. $187.50
J. $225.00
K. $281.25

You should now feel more confident in your ability to:

• Draw inferences about data presented in a variety of graphical formats

Page 1

Statistics
After this lesson, you will be confident in your ability to:

• Calculate mean, median, mode, and range

Statistics

• Mean (average): sum of terms divided by number of terms

• Median: middle value when values are arranged in order
• Mode: value that occurs most frequently
 • Range: difference between highest and lowest values
5. In 25 softball games, Louise had 27 hits in 90 times at bat. Her batting average of .300
was calculated by dividing the number of hits by the number of times at bat and then
rounding to the nearest thousandth. In her 26th game, Louise had 1 hit in 4 times at bat.
After the 26th game, what was her new batting average?
A. .278
B. .298
C. .300
D. .311
E. .319

Use the following information to answer questions 6 and 7.

A survey given to a random sample of 30 students asked for the number of hours per week
each student spent studying and the current grade point average (GPA) of each student. Each
student was placed into 1 of 5 groups according to the number of hours indicated on that
student’s survey. The average GPA of each group of students was then calculated. The table
below gives the results of the survey.

Number of hours Number of Average

spent studying Students GPA
(h)

0£h£2 8 2.55

2<h£4 9 3.15

4<h£6 4 3.25

6< h £8 4 3.75

8 < h £ 10 5 3.95

6. Which of the following values could be the median number of hours per week the
surveyed students indicated that they spent studying?
F. 2
G. 3
H. 4.3
J. 5
 K. 6
7. Dorian was not 1 of the 30 students who responded to the survey, but he spends 6
hours per week studying, and his GPA is 3.20. If Dorian’s data is included in the survey
results, what will be the resulting average GPA for his group?
A. 3.2
B. 3.24
C. 3.25
D. 3.30
E. 3.64

Page 2

Use the following information to answer questions 8 and 9.

Ms. Lapid administered a 5-question quiz to her 4th-hour students. The scores of the students
who took the quiz are shown in the frequency diagram below. A student’s score is the number
of questions the student answered correctly on the quiz.

´
´
´´
´´´´
´´´´
´´´´´
´´´´´´
Scores 0 1 2 3 4 5

8. What is the mode of the quiz scores?

F. 1
G. 2
H. 3
J. 4
K. 5
9. What is the range of the frequencies of the quiz scores?
A. 1
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
E. 7

You should now feel more confident in your ability to:

• Calculate mean, median, mode, and range

Page 3
Probability
After this lesson, you will be confident in your ability to:

• Calculate probabilities based on data sets

Memorize the probability formula before test day:

number of desired outcomes

Probability =
number of total possible outcomes

10. One marble is drawn at random from a bag containing 2 red, 4 blue, and 7 green solid-
colored marbles. What is the probability that the marble drawn is NOT blue?
1
F.
4
4
G.
13
9
H.
13
9
J.
56
14
K.
169
11. The bar graph below shows the frequency distribution of the semester grades for the 54
students in 2 Algebra classes. What is the probability that a student chosen at random
received a grade of B ?

1
A.
20
5
B.
27
 10
C.
27
17
D.
27
20
E.
27

You should now feel more confident in your ability to:

• Calculate probabilities based on data sets

Page 4

Lines and Angles

After this lesson, you will be confident in your ability to:

• Identify supplementary and vertical angles and determine missing angle measures

Lines:

• Complementary angles add up to 90 .

• Supplementary angles add up to 180 .

• Vertical angles are equal.

12. In the figure below, F lies on AE , ÐAFC measures 90 , ÐCFD measures 43 , and
ÐBFC @ ÐCFD . What is the sum of the measures of ÐBFC and ÐDFE ?

F. 43
G. 47
H. 86
J. 90
K. 94
13. Shown in the standard ( x, y ) coordinate plane below are 2 angles. The measure of

ÐPQR is d  , the measure of ÐPOQ is (11d ) , and the points R, O, and Q are
collinear. What is the value of d ?

A. 7.5
B. 9
C. 15
 D. 18
E. 30

You should now feel more confident in your ability to:

• Identify supplementary and vertical angles and determine missing angle measures

Page 5

After this lesson, you will be confident in your ability to:

• Identify equal angles when two parallel lines are crossed by a transversal
• Determine an unknown angle measure in a polygon using line and angle properties

Transversals:

• When a transversal crosses two parallel lines, it creates equal angles.

14. In the diagram below, line j is parallel to line k . What is the value of x ?

F. 8.4
G. 42
H. 64
J. 116
K. 138

15. In the figure below, AB is congruent to BC and AC is parallel to BD . What is the
 value of x ?

A. 100
B. 112
C. 133
D. 154
E. 160
16. In the trapezoid below, AB is parallel to DC . What is the measure of ÐC ?

F. 45
G. 95
H. 110
J. 125
K. 140

You should now feel more confident in your ability to:

• Identify equal angles when two parallel lines are crossed by a transversal
• Determine an unknown angle measure in a polygon using line and angle properties

Page 6

Literature Passages
After this lesson, you will be confident in your ability to:

• Draw inferences about characters’ motivations and relationships

• Identify the tone of a literature passage
Literature Passages

• Each ACT Reading section has one literature passage:

• Always the first passage
• Labeled as PROSE FICTION or LITERARY NARRATIVE

As You Read

• Pay attention to the narrator’s “voice.”

• Focus on the main character’s defining characteristics.
• Anticipate the character’s responses to events or interactions with other characters.

Page 7

Passage 1
PROSE FICTION: This passage is adapted from the novel Men in
Space by Tom McCarthy (©2007 by Tom McCarthy).
In this passage, set in the early 1990s, Ivan, a Czech artist,
is being paid by criminals to copy a painting.
The first stage is painting the background colours.
On the day after Christmas Day, Ivan Mañásek lays out
the materials he’ll be using.
The sea, of course, is blue; the ships, light brown;
5 the strange, multilayered building at the bottom, mainly
black; the mountain, darker brown with white streaks
which he’ll add later. The sky’s silvery gold save for
the part of it that’s taken up by the ellipse around the
saint’s head: this is brilliantly, almost luminously
10 golden—he’ll have to burnish the leaf afterwards. The
saint’s robes are red. As he daubs the caput mortum violet
on, it strikes him that, even though he’s got the original to
work from, he’ll have to bring the full-length mirror from
his bedroom and dress in a sheet himself to get a real
15 sense of how the body’s articulation points define folds
and creases. To think that his corrupt flesh should be
invading this image of piety makes him first laugh, then
shiver instinctively, for reasons that he doesn’t really
understand.
20 Is it while he’s copying the robes that Slava
Kincek drops by? Hard to say, mornings running into
afternoons, days into nights. When he’s particularly
tired, Ivan sleeps—but as his dreams consist entirely of
saints, mirrors and mountains, of pools of colour
25 flooding landscapes, he usually opts, after a short while,
to wake up and encounter the material versions of these
 objects and events. It’s after he’s slipped the bedsheet on,
in any case: Slava spends several minutes laughing at him,
then tells him to put some real clothes on and
30 come out for a meal—he’ll pay, he’s found a place, a
new place, really chic. When Ivan declines this invitation
Slava huffs for a while and tells him that he and
Michael could have the whole thing scanned,
photoshopped and transferred back to wood in twenty
35 minutes if he’d care to come round to their office on
Italska. When Ivan doesn’t even bother answering he
huffs some more, then leaves.
Ivan pays Klárá more attention when she calls
round, but only because she gives him pointers. She
40 asks him why he’s making two copies. He shrugs and
asks her why she brought him two boards. She throws
her hands up, goes and buys some food and brings it
back. She starts telling him that he should be more
careful who he gets involved with—and he zones out,
45 loses himself in the contours of the two identical
landscapes he’s creating, their brown-white mountains
and blue seas.
Mladen’s his best guest—the architecture student
from the former Yugoslavia. When he sees what Ivan’s
50 doing he becomes enthralled and stays. He doesn’t try
to make inane conversation, or to force food on him
like Slava and Klárá did—just sits for hours and hours
in silence, watching him paint. At this point Ivan’s finished
detailing the ships and sailors and is putting the
55 bird figures on the side of the mountain, thinking of the
seagulls under Palackého Bridge, the moment as they
take off at which they’re neither airborne nor resting on
the water’s surface but suspended in some vague
halfway state. He doesn’t notice Mladen going; just, as
60 he adds the nourishing layer of base solution to bind all
the layers together, that he’s not there any more.
His buzzer rings two more times while he’s on the
finishing stage, but he ignores it. It’s too delicate now;
there’s no room for mistakes. You only get one go on the halo,
65 the text and the panel borders.
When Ivan finishes it’s night, perhaps the fourth or
fifth he’s worked through. He can’t varnish straight
away. You’re meant to wait weeks, till the paint’s
absolutely dry, but Anton told him that didn’t matter as
70 long as the copy looked the same as the original. He’ll
 still have to wait at least a few hours, though. Then
he’ll layer on a varnish of ketone crystals and beeswax.
He should sleep. What day is it? He’ll phone Anton
now, to tell him he can come tomorrow. Which one will
75 he give him? He places his copies next to the original,
one on each side. They’re both perfect. When they’re
waxed all three should look exactly the same. He’ll
phone Anton, then sleep, then varnish the paintings and
collect his money. The phone’s been unplugged from its
80 socket and placed in the room’s corner, by the plant.
Did he do that? He should move over and phone Anton.
But he doesn’t want to, doesn’t want to take his eyes off
the three images—four if you count the mirror in which
he’s framed, standing, wrapped in a sheet stained the
85 same crimson as the saint’s robe.

Page 8

1. The point of view from which the passage is told is best described as that of:
A. an artist copying a painting.
B. someone who hires an artist to copy a painting.
C. an unidentified narrator who focuses on relating the thoughts and actions of an artist
copying a painting.
D. an unidentified narrator who focuses on describing how visitors perceive an artist
copying a painting.
2. Details in the second paragraph (lines 4–19) suggest that Ivan’s laughter could
reasonably be a result of all of the following EXCEPT for his:
F. nervousness at the idea of violating something sacred.
G. amusement at the thought of how he would look wearing the sheet.
H. feeling of unworthiness to imitate a revered individual.
J. mirth at the poor quality of the painting he’s supposed to copy.
3. It can reasonably be concluded that the words “he’ll pay, he’s found a place, a new
place, really chic” (lines 30–31) convey:
A. Ivan’s thoughts as he realizes where he can sell the copies he’s making of the
painting.
B. Ivan’s warning that he may find a new buyer for the copies he’s making of the
painting.
C. Slava’s thoughts as he contemplates a way of getting back at Ivan for cheating him.
D. Slava’s attempt to persuade Ivan to take a little break from painting and have dinner.
4. The passage’s last sentence (lines 82–85) most strongly emphasizes the idea that Ivan
feels:
F. hopeful.
G. dismayed.
H. tired.
 J. enthralled.
5. The passage most strongly suggests that Italska (line 36) is the name of a:
A. street.
B. business.
C. person.
D. nation.
6. The main events narrated in the passage most likely take place over a period of several:
F. hours.
G. days.
H. weeks.
J. months.
7. The passage makes clear that Klárá has done which of the following?
A. Told Ivan to make two copies of the painting
B. Introduced Ivan to his current employer
C. Succeeded in getting Ivan to take a break
D. Acquired at least some painting supplies for Ivan
8. Based on the passage, which of the following best describes what’s depicted in the
painting that Ivan is copying?
F. Someone leading a group of people in a religious service held at a house of worship
G. An honored religious figure in a mountainous outdoor setting near water
H. A mountain valley over which birds and clouds float peacefully
J. Sailors carrying out their work in seagoing vessels

Page 9

9. The passage identifies Mladen’s main involvement with Ivan’s work as:
A. watching silently.
B. bringing food.
C. offering pointers.
D. starting conversations.
10. As it is used in line 7, the word save most nearly means:
F. maintain.
G. avoid.
H. except.
J. rescue.

You should now feel more confident in your ability to:

• Draw inferences about characters’ motivations and relationships

• Identify the tone of a literature passage

Page 10
Math Answers and Explanations
1. Getting to the Answer: The area of each sector is proportional to the quantity it represents
in dollars. The Food sector represents $750, and the Other $750 sector represents $150. Since
$750
= 5 , the area of the Food sector is 5 times as large as the Other sector.
$150

(A) Incorrect: this is the ratio of the Clothes sector to the Other sector

(B) Incorrect: this is the ratio of the Food sector to the Clothes sector

(C) Incorrect: this is the ratio of the Car sector to the Other sector

(D) Correct: this matches the calculations above

(E) Incorrect: this is the ratio of the Housing sector to the Other sector

2. Getting to the Answer: A whole circle encompasses 360 . The area of a sector is directly
area of sector central angle
related to the measure of its central angle by the formula = . The
area of circle 360a
total of all sectors of the circle is $3,000, and the Housing sector accounts for $1,200 of that.
$1, 200 x
Therefore, you can set up the proportion = , where x is the degree measure of
$3, 000 360
2 x
the central angle for the Housing sector. This simplifies to = . Cross multiply to get
5 360
5 x = 2 (360 ) = 720 . Thus, x = 144 .

Another way to solve this question is to set up a fraction comparing Housing to the total
$1, 200 2
budget, , which simplifies to . The total budget is represented by the entire circle,
$3, 000 5
2
which encompasses 360 , so multiply (360 ) to determine that the Housing angle is 144 .
5

1 2
(F) Incorrect: this is
12
(360 ) , not (360 )
5

(G) Incorrect: this is the percent instead of the degree measure of the Housing sector,
1, 200
(100%) = 40%
3, 000

(H) Incorrect: this is the measure of the central angle of the Car sector

(J) Incorrect: this is the result of incorrectly using 300 instead of 360 for a full circle
(K) Correct: this matches the calculations above

Page 11

3. Getting to the Answer: The question asks for the positive difference between the percentage
currently spent on Clothes and the percentage spent on Clothes if the family income were
increased from $3,000 to $3,600, with the extra $600 going to Savings. Since the amount for
$300
Clothes is $300, the original percentage is (100%) = 10% . The new percentage is
$3, 000
$300 1
(100%) = 8 % . Note that the choices are expressed as fractions. The difference is
$3, 600 3
1 2
10% - 8 % = 1 % .
3 3

(A) Correct: this matches the calculations above

(B) Incorrect: this would be the difference if the monthly income decreased by $600 rather than
increased by $600

(C) Incorrect: this is the new percentage, not the difference between the original and new
percentages

(D) Incorrect: this is the original percentage, not the difference between the original and new
percentages

(E) Incorrect: this would be the percentage spent on Clothes if the monthly income decreased
by $600 rather than increased by $600

4. Getting to the Answer: The question tells you that the amount spent on food for each child is
2
estimated to be the amount spent per adult and asks for the estimated amount spent on
3
food per child each month. Let a be the amount spent per adult and c be the amount spent
per child. Since there are 2 adults and 2 children and the total Food category spending is $750,
2
2a + 2c = $750 . Since the amount of income spent on each Chen child is estimated to be
3
2
the amount spent on each Chen adult, you know that c = a . Solve for a by multiplying both
3
3 3
sides by to see that c = a . Substitute this into the other equation to get
2 2
æ 3 ö÷
2 çç c÷÷ + 2c = $750 . This simplifies to 5c = $750 , so c = $150 .
çè 2 ø

(F) Incorrect: this would be the result if the spending per adult were twice the spending per
child
(G) Correct: this matches the calculations above

(H) Incorrect: this would be the result if the spending per child were the same as the spending
per adult

2
(J) Incorrect: this would be the result if the spending per adult were of the spending per child
3

1
(K) Incorrect: this would be the result if the spending per adult were of the spending per
3
child

Page 12

5. Getting to the Answer: The average formula applied to this particular situation is batting
# hits
average = . In the first 25 games, Louise had 27 hits in 90 times at bat; in the 26th
# times at bat
game, she had 1 hit in 4 times at bat. Therefore, her batting average after the 26th game is
27 + 1 28
= » 0.298 .
90 + 4 94

25 28
(A) Incorrect: this is the value of , not
90 94

(B) Correct: this matches the calculations above

(C) Incorrect: this is Louise’s batting average after 25 games, not 26 games

(D) Incorrect: this would be the batting average if the hits were increased by 1 to 28 but the
number of at bats remained unchanged at 90

(E) Incorrect: this does not match the calculations above

6. Getting to the Answer: There are 30 total students, which is an even number, so the median
will be the average of the 15th and 16th values when the values are arranged in ascending or
descending order. There are 8 students who studied 2 hours or less and 9 students who studied
more than 2 hours and less than or equal to 4 hours, for a total of 17 students. Therefore, the
15th and 16th values fall within this range. The median value must be greater than 2 but less
than or equal to 4 hours.

(F) Incorrect: this is less than the bottom of the range calculated above

(G) Correct: this falls within the range calculated above

(H) Incorrect: this is greater than the top of the range calculated above
(J) Incorrect: this is greater than the top of the range calculated above

(K) Incorrect: this is greater than the top of the range calculated above

7. Getting to the Answer: Dorian spends 6 hours per week studying, so that places him in the
group in the third row, which studies greater than 4 but less than or equal to 6 hours per week.
First, determine the total GPAs of that group. Then add Dorian’s GPA and calculate the new
sum of terms
average for the group. Plug the known values into the formula average = to get
# of terms
sum
3.25 = . So, sum = 4´3.25 = 13 . Adding Dorian and his GPA of 3.20 results in a new
4
13 + 3.2 16.2
average of = = 3.24 .
4 +1 5

(A) Incorrect: this is Dorian’s GPA

(B) Correct: this matches the calculations above

(C) Incorrect: this is the group’s GPA without Dorian

(D) Incorrect: this would be the new GPA if Dorian’s GPA was 3.5

(E) Incorrect: this would be the new GPA of the group that studied greater than 6 but less than
or equal to 8 hours if Dorian were added to that group instead of the correct one

Page 13

8. Getting to the Answer: The mode is the value that has the greatest number of occurrences.
A quick look at the chart shows that the value 5, which has 7 occurrences, is the mode.

(F) Incorrect: this value appears only 2 times, which is less than 7 times

(G) Incorrect: this value appears only 4 times, which is less than 7 times

(H) Incorrect: this value appears only 4 times, which is less than 7 times

(J) Incorrect: this value appears only 5 times, which is less than 7 times

(K) Correct: this matches the calculations above

9. Getting to the Answer: The range of the data is equal to the highest value minus the lowest
value. However, this question asks for the range of the frequencies of the values. The highest
frequency is the 7 occurrences of 5, and the lowest frequency is the 1 occurrence of 0.
Therefore, the range of the frequencies is 7 -1 = 6 .

(A) Incorrect: this is the value of the lowest frequency

(B) Incorrect: this is the median of the frequencies 1, 2, 4,4,5,7

(C) Incorrect: this is the range of the quiz scores rather than the range of their frequencies

(D) Correct: this matches the calculations above

(E) Incorrect: this is the value of the highest frequency

10. Getting to the Answer: The question asks for the probability that a randomly drawn marble
number of desired outcomes
is not blue. Use the probability formula, probability = , to
number of total possible outcomes

calculate that probability. There are 2 red marbles and 7 green marbles, so there are 2 + 7 = 9
ways to draw a marble that is not blue. There are 4 blue marbles, so the total number of
9
marbles is 2 + 7 + 4 = 13 . Thus, the probability of drawing a marble that is not blue is .
13

(F) Incorrect: this is the probability that one blue marble is selected out of all the blue marbles

(G) Incorrect: this is the probability of drawing a marble that is blue

(H) Correct: this matches the calculations above

(J) Incorrect: this has a denominator that is the product of the number of each color (2´ 4´ 7)
rather than the sum (2 + 4 + 7)

(K) Incorrect: this has the product of the numbers of the red and green marbles as the
numerator (2´ 7) and the square of the total number of marbles (132 ) as the denominator

Page 14

11. Getting to the Answer: The question asks for the probability that a randomly chosen
student received a grade of B. Use the probability formula,
number of desired outcomes
probability = , to calculate that probability. The total
number of total possible outcomes
number of students is 54, and the bar graph shows that 20 students received a grade of B. Thus,
20
the probability that a randomly selected student received that grade is , which reduces to
54
10
.
27

(A) Incorrect: this is the probability that one student with a grade of B is selected from all the
students with a grade of B
(B) Incorrect: this is the probability that a student with a grade of D is selected

(C) Correct: this matches the calculations above

(D) Incorrect: this is the probability that a student with a grade of B or C is selected

(E) Incorrect: this is double the correct answer

12. Getting to the Answer: The question asks for the sum of the measures of ÐBFC and
ÐDFE . Since ÐBFC and ÐCFD are congruent and ÐCFD is 43 , the measure of ÐBFC is
also 43 . Because ÐAFC is 90 , ÐCFE is also 90 . The measure of ÐDFE is 90 - 43 = 47 .
Thus, the sum of the measures of ÐBFC and ÐDFE is 43 + 47 = 90 .

(F) Incorrect: this is the measure of ÐBFC only

(G) Incorrect: this is the measure of ÐDFE only

(H) Incorrect: this is twice the measure of ÐBFC

(J) Correct: this matches the calculations above

(K) Incorrect: this is twice the measure of ÐDFE

13. Getting to the Answer: The measure of the angle created by a straight line such as segment
 
QR is 180 . Use the figure to determine that (11d ) -180 = d  . Thus, (10d ) = 180 , and
d = 18 .

(A) Incorrect: this is the result of incorrectly using 12d  = 90

(B) Incorrect: this is the result of incorrectly using 10d  = 90

(C) Incorrect: this is the result of incorrectly using 12d  = 180

(D) Correct: this matches the calculations above

(E) Incorrect: this is the result of incorrectly using 12d  = 360

14. Getting to the Answer: Since lines j and k are parallel, the corresponding angles created
by a transversal are congruent. Therefore, the angle opposite the angle that measures
 
(3x -10) is equal to (2 x + 32) , the same as the corresponding angle created by the
 
transversal and line k . The angles measuring (3 x -10) and (2 x + 32) on either side of line j
 
are vertical angles, so set their measures equal: (2 x + 32) = (3 x -10) . Add 10 to both sides
and subtract 2x from both sides to get 42 = x  .
(F) Incorrect: this is the result of adding 2x to 3 x -10 rather than subtracting

(G) Correct: this matches the calculations above

(H) Incorrect: this is the supplementary angle to 116 , where 116 is the value of either
 
(2 x + 32) or (3x -10) when x = 42
 
(J) Incorrect: this is the value of either (2 x + 32) or (3 x -10) when x = 42

(K) Incorrect: this is the value of 180 - x when x = 42

Page 15

15. Getting to the Answer: Triangle ABC is isosceles, so the measure of the angle at C is the
same as the measure of the angle at A , 74 . Since the lines are parallel, the corresponding
angles created by a transversal are congruent. Therefore, the obtuse angle formed by the upper
parallel line and line CD measures 74 + 80 = 154 . Alternate interior angles formed by a
transversal are congruent, so the measure of angle x is also 154 .

(A) Incorrect: this is the result of calculating 180 - 80

(B) Incorrect: this is the result of calculating 80 + 32 , where ÐABC = 180 - 74 - 74 = 32

(C) Incorrect: this does not match the calculations above

(D) Correct: this matches the calculations above

(E) Incorrect: this does not match the calculations above

16. Getting to the Answer: Line segments AB and DC are parallel, so line segment BC is a
transversal. Therefore, the alternate interior angles are equal, and the angle created by the
transversal and DC also measures 85 . This angle is supplementary to angle C , so the
measure of angle C is 180 - 85 = 95 .

(F) Incorrect: this does not match the calculations above

(G) Correct: this matches the calculations above

(H) Incorrect: this is twice the measure of angle A

(J) Incorrect: this is the measure of angle D

(K) Incorrect; this is the sum of the measures of angles A and B

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Reading Answers and Explanations
1. Getting to the Answer: The point of view of a passage is the narrator’s voice. In the passage,
the narrator refers to the main character as “Ivan” and there is no indication that the narrator is
a part of the story. Keeping the third person narration in mind, predict an answer that describes
this type of narration.

(A) Incorrect: this describes a first-person narrator; Ivan would be telling the story

(B) Incorrect: the narrator is not a part of the story; Anton would be telling the story

(C) Correct: the narrator is relating Ivan’s inners thoughts and emotions but is not Ivan; this
defines a third person narrator

(D) Incorrect: the narrator is not describing Mladen, Klárá, or another visitor’s thoughts about
Ivan’s work

2. Getting to the Answer: Quickly review the passage notes and the lines referenced in the
question. Because this is an EXCEPT question, the correct answer is the one that the narrator
does not mention or suggest; eliminate any answer that is indicated in the second paragraph.

(F) Incorrect: the idea of “violating something sacred” matches the idea of “invading this image
of piety”

(G) Incorrect: the passage mentions that Ivan is thinking about looking at himself wearing the
sheet

(H) Incorrect: the phrase “corrupt flesh” suggests that he finds himself unworthy

(J) Correct: the paragraph does not suggest that Ivan finds the original painting to be of “poor
quality”

3. Getting to the Answer: Reading a few lines before and after the indicated lines helps to
narrow down the possibilities. Just before, Slava is asking Ivan to take a break for a meal. Just
after, Ivan declines the invitation. This suggests that this line is about Slava asking Ivan to have
dinner. Find the answer that best describes this part of the scene.

(A) Incorrect: Lines 30–31 are Slava’s statements rather than Ivan’s thoughts

(B) Incorrect: Ivan is not thinking this, and lines 30–31 are about a restaurant, not the painting

(C) Incorrect: there is no suggestion that Slava is plotting revenge

(D) Correct: this fits the mention of the meal by Slava

4. Getting to the Answer: Reviewing what comes a few lines before the lines the question asks
about makes it clear that Ivan feels that he needs to get to the phone. However, lines 82–85
describe him as unable to do so because the four images captivate him. Find the answer that
expresses this feeling.

(F) Incorrect: “hopeful” suggests that Ivan feels some positive change was possible

(G) Incorrect: “dismayed” suggests that Ivan feels hopeless

(H) Incorrect: “tired” suggests that Ivan was worn out; while he is tired after his marathon
painting session, the lines in question show his preoccupation with the images

(J) Correct: “enthralled” fits the prediction of Ivan being captivated

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5. Getting to the Answer: Read a few lines before and after the line referenced in the question.
These lines suggest that Slava and Michael have an “office on Italska.” The word “on” suggests
that Italska is a street.

(A) Correct: “street” fits the prediction exactly

(B) Incorrect: although it is suggested that the office is a place of business, it is “on Italska,”
which does not suggest that it is the name of the office

(C) Incorrect: because the office is “on Italska,” it is illogical to suggest that “Italska” is a person

(D) Incorrect: if “Italska” were a nation, the office would be “in” it, not “on” it

6. Getting to the Answer: A prediction of a few days works here, as the passage suggests in
lines 66–67 that Ivan has worked several days on the painting.

(F) Incorrect: because Ivan has worked through several nights, it has taken him more than a few
hours to complete his copy

(G) Correct: "days" matches the prediction derived from lines 66–67

(H) Incorrect: there is nothing in the passage that suggests the events cover several weeks

(J) Incorrect: the only indication of time is that Ivan has worked over several nights, so
"months" is too long a period for the passage

7. Getting to the Answer: Klárá’s interaction with Ivan takes place on lines 38–47. She does four
things: “gives him pointers,” asks him a question, buys him various items, and talks to him
about his employers. The correct answer needs to describe one of these interactions, so
eliminate choices that describe other actions.

(A) Incorrect: because she asks him “why he’s making two copies,” it is clear the Klárá did not
instruct Ivan to make two paintings

(B) Incorrect: Klárá warns Ivan that he needs to be careful “who he gets involved with,” which
suggests she is unhappy with his current employers, so it is unlikely she introduced them to
Ivan

(C) Incorrect: Ivan "zones out" and goes back to painting when he is talking to Klárá, so he did
not take a break

(D) Correct: the passage states that Ivan “asks her why she brought him two boards”
suggesting that she gave him painting supplies

8. Getting to the Answer: The painting is described in the first paragraph. The passage
mentions several items including the sea, ships, a building, and a mountain. However, a large
part of the image is a “saint’s head,” which suggests a religious nature to the painting.

(F) Incorrect: although this describes a religious scene, the inclusion of “ships” and a
“mountain” suggests the painting has an outdoor setting

(G) Correct: a saint is an “honored religious figure,” and the painting includes a mountain and
the sea

(H) Incorrect: although the painting contains a mountain, this answer does not mention the sea
or the fact that the saint is prominently featured

(J) Incorrect: although the painting has “ships,” the description of the painting does not suggest
that sailors are included in the details

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9. Getting to the Answer: Mladen’s interactions with Ivan are in lines 48–53. The notes indicate
that Mladen “appreciates process,” and the passage states that he “sits for . . . hours in
silence,” so predict that he is watching Ivan paint.

(A) Correct: the passage states that Mladen “sits for hours and hours in silence, watching him
paint,” which is a match for this answer choice

(B) Incorrect: the passage states Mladen does not “force food on” Ivan

(C) Incorrect: because Mladen sits in silence, there is no reason to believe that he offers advice
like Klárá does

(D) Incorrect: this is the opposite of what the passage states, as Mladen “doesn’t try to make
inane conversation”

10. Getting to the Answer: For questions that deal with the meaning of words in the context of
the passage, reread the line, leaving out the word the question asks about. Make a prediction
of another word that would fit in the blank. In line 7, “save” can be replaced with “excluding” so
look for an answer choice with a similar definition. Rereading the sentence with the answer
choice should not change the meaning of the passage.

(F) Incorrect: although “save” can mean to “maintain,” maintain would not make sense in place
of “save” in this sentence

(G) Incorrect: “avoid” would not make sense in this sentence

(H) Correct: “except” matches the meaning of “excluding” in the prediction and does not
change the meaning of the sentence

(J) Incorrect: “rescue” would not make sense in this sentence

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