CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Type If clause Main clause

1 - Will/shall/can + Vo
Present simple
- Imperative form
2 S + V2/ed S + would/ could/ should/ might + Vo
Be  were
3 Would/ could/ should/ might + have +
S + had + V3/ed V3/ed
Ex:
If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the beach.
(Present simple) (Present modals +V)
If someone phones me, tell them to leave a message.
(Present simple) (Imperative form)
If it didn’t rain now, we would go to the beach.(e.g It is now raining outside.)
If I were you, I wouln’t buy that expensive bicycle.
If it hadn’t rained yesterday, we would have gone to the beach. (e.g It rained heavily yesterday.)
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets in to the correct forms:
1. If he (eat)......................................... all that, he will be ill.
2. She could give us some advice if she (be)............................................ here now.
3. What (happen)........................................... if my parachute does not open?
4. The baby (wake) ....................................... up if you spoke louder.
5. If he had gotten one more mark, he (pass)………………………………the exam.
6. If she (not get)................................. married young, she wouldn’t have had many children.
7. If I (know) ..............................................the answer, I would tell you.
8. You (not have)............................................. so many accidents if you drove more carefully.
9. If Peter (ask)............................................ me, I’ll help him with all my ability.
10. If she studied harder, she (get)................................................... better grades.
11. If I (be)................................. you, I (tell) ....................................... them the truth.
12. If you (do)..................................... as I told you, you (succeed).......................................
13. I (not go).......................................... to his house unless you go with me.
14. We could have a drink if it............................................. (not be) so late.
15. Please don’t disturb him if he (be).............................................. busy.
16. If ice (be).................................. heavier than water, it (not float)...........................................
17. They would be glad if the rain (stop)………………………soon.
18. If Jack (come) ………………………….to my party, I would have danced with him.
19. It’s too bad Helen isn’t here. If she (be) ……………..here, she (know) ………….. what to do.
20. Lee will go to a Disneyland if he (save) ………………………… enough money.
21. Would you like if I …………………..(close) the windows?
22. What would happen if I …………………(not do) that?
23. He couldn’t understand if we ………………..(not explain) more.
24. If we didn’t visit her, she ……………………(be) very sad.
25. We …………………(not be) tired if we didn’t try to do that
26. If I had gone by car, I ……………………(have) a car sick.
27. I ………………….(have) money for lunch now if I hadn’t left my wallet at home this morning.
28. We could have had a fine if we …………………(throw) wastes in the park.
29. If I hadn’t traveled by plane, I ………………….(not go) there on time.
30. If we ……………………..(not bring) enough food, we would have spent a lot of money in
expensive restaurants.
Exercise 2: Rewrite these sentences with “If ……”:
1. She didn’t get up early so she was late for the meeting.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
2. I lost the way to come back the hotel because I hadn’t got the map of this city.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
3. Because it rained heavily, we came to the class late.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
4. She felt so tired and she couldn’t go to the cinema with us.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
5. My father went to work yesterday so he didn’t know what happened to me.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
6. The teacher’s question was difficult, so I couldn’t answer.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
7. He missed the first bus because he didn’t start earlier.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
8. She failed the final exam because she didn’t learn hard.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
9. Because you don’t stop immediately, I call your teacher.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
10. I couldn’t phone Alice because I didn’t know her telephone number.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
11. I don’t know your decision so I can’t tell them.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
12. The weather is extremely hot, so we can’t go out.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
13. She came late and she couldn’t meet him.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
14. I didn’t watch TV last night because I was busy.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
15. He had a flu because he went out in the rain last night.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
16. As he is often absent from class, he can’t keep pace with her classmates.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
17. You didn’t do as I advised you, so you failed.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
18. He decided to leave because you didn’t believe in his talent.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
19. I didn’t attend the lecture so I couldn’t do the test.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
20. I give back the book because I don’t bring enough money .
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
21. We missed the bus because we got up late.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
22. If you don’t invite her, I’m sure she won’t come.
=> Unless ______________________________________________________________________
23. I couldn’t get a higher mark because I didn’t have enough time.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
24. She didn’t wear the raincoat so she got a cold.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
25. John caught the rain yesterday, so he is ill today.
=> ____________________________________________________________________________
26. Work harder if you don’t want to lose your job.
=> Unless ______________________________________________________________________
27. If you don’t go away, I will phone the police.
=> Unless ______________________________________________________________________
Exercise 3: Find out the mistakes:
1. If you don’t try your best, you would fail the next exam.
A B C D
2. Unless you do all of the exercises given by the teacher, you won’t be punished.
A B C D
3. She had had more good marks if she had prepared the lesson carefully.
A B C D
4. If your mother bought you a dictionary, you can learn English better.
A B C D
5. If yesterday I stayed at home, I would not be tired today.
A B C D
6. Had you review all the lesson carefully, you would have passed the exam.
A B C D
7. If you wanted to attend the course of English, let me know.
A B C D
Exercise 4 : Choose the correct completion.
1. I'm not an astronaut. If I...........an astronaut, I ................. my camera with me on the rocket ship.
A. am/ will take B. were/ would take C. were/ had taken D. was/ would have taken
2. If energy ......................inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be different.
A. is B. were C. had been D. would be
3. If you had the chance, ____________ you go fishing?
A. did B. may C. would D. do
4. If you ____________ a choice, which country would you visit?
A. have B. had C. have had D. will have
5. Sea water is salty. If the oceans.................of fresh water, there ............. plenty of water to irrigate all
of the deserts in the world.
A. consisted/ would be B. consisted/ were
C. would consist/ could be D. consist/ will be
6. If I ______ the bus this afternoon, I will get a taxi instead.
A. miss B. will miss C. missed D. had missed
7. `We’ll have to go without John if he ______ soon.
 A. won’t arrive B. will arrive C. arrives D. doesn’t arrive
8. If I make some coffee, _____ the cake?
A. do you cut B. will you cut C. are you cutting D. don’t you cut
9. If you ______ your homework, I _____ you watch TV.
A. won’t do/ let B. did/ won’t let C. don’t do/ won’t let D. won’t do/ don’t let
10. If you _____ this switch, the computer _____ on.
A. press/ comes B. will press/ comes C. press/ can come D. have pressed/ will comes
11. ____ you, I would think twice about that decision. It could be a bad move.
A. If I am B. should I be C. were I D. if I had been
12. Pam broke her arm in the accident. It____ much worse if she hadn’t been wearing her seat belt.
A. will be B. would have been C. was D. were
13. “My boss made me work overtime again.”_ “if I _____ you, I _____ my job.”
A. were/ would have quit B. am/ will quit C. was/ must quit D. were/ would quit
14. They _____________ angry if you didn’t visit them.
A. would be B. will be C. would D. will
15. What would you do if you _____________ a million dollars?
A. win B. won C. had won D. will win
16. What will happen if the air _____________?
A. was polluted B. be polluted C. is polluted D. has polluted
17. He wouldn’t have had an accident if he _____________ more carefully.
A. drives B. drove C. had driven D. was driving
18. If you _____________ better last night, you wouldn’t have been so tired.
A. sleep B. had slept C. was sleeping D. slept
19. If I had noticed him, I _____________ hello to him .
A. say B. said C. would say D. would have said
20. If he ___________ with us now, he ___________ the beauty of the nature of the National Park.
A. is / can enjoy B. was/ will enjoy C. had/would enjoyed D. were/ could enjoy
21. ____________ for work early, he could have caught the bus.
A. If Peter left B. Peter left C. had Peter left D. If had Peter left
22. Jane ____________ in such a trouble if she had been more carefully when typing the contract.
A. won’t be B. wouldn’t be C. won’t have been D. wouldn’t have been
23. If I____________ his address, I would give it to you.
A know B. would known C. knew D. had known
214. If you____________ time, please write to me.
A. have B. had C. have had D. has
25. I shouldn’t go there at night if I ____________ you.
A. am B. was C. be D. were
26. If I ____________ get a pole, I will go fishing.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
27. Trees won’t grow____________ there is enough water.
A. if B. when C. unless D. as