# topic Question Correct Answer

randomized controlled trial

In which type of study, researcher
interferes in order to investigate
which factors may be responsible
for increasing or decreasing the
probability of an outcome
1 7

In which type of study, nor

researcher, nor participants are
In double blind randomized control trials
aware, in which group the
participants are allocated
2 7
randomized controlled trial
Which type of study assesses the
efficacy of the treatment
intervention in a controlled,
standardized, and highly
monitored setting and usually
among highly selected samples of
patients?
3 7
double‐blind trial
Which type of study assesses
whether 1 or more treatments are
superior to the others?
4 7
case series
Which type of study can be used to
describe the experience of an
individual or institution in treating
a disease?
5 6
case‐control study
Which type of study compares
those who have had an outcome or
event with those who have not?
6 6
retrospective
7 6 Case‐control studies are always
prospective cohort study
Which type of study follows up a
similar group of individuals who
are initially free of the outcome of
interest but for whom the
outcomes have been defined
before the events occur?
8 6
prospective study
In which type of study does the
investigator identify a group of
individuals and then observe them
for a specified period after study
initiation?
9 6
retrospective study
In which type of study does the
investigator use information
already collected to look for
associations?
10 6
 The result is significant at the P <0.05
Which of the following is true? A level
P value of 0.05 means that
11 5
What percentage of values lie 95
within +/- 1.96 standard deviations
12 5 of the mean?
temporal relationship, consistency,
Criteria for judging the evidence strength of association correvt answer is
of causality include: all above
13 4
seeks to describe data dispersions from
Which statement isn’t true? Linear central value, using linear regression
regression method
14 4
the strength of association between
Which statement is true? Pearson variables
Correlation Coefficient – r shows
15 4
that two variables have a weak positive
linear relationship
Correlation is measured by using a
correlation coefficient - r (Pearson
Correlation Coefficient) varies
from −1 to +1, going through 0. r
value = 0.28 indicates:
16 4
Which statement is false? allows to use one variable in order to
17 4 Correlation predict another
Which statement isn’t true? the make statements concerning causality
18 4 correlation study
confounders
Which of the option is false?
Sampling problems are:
19 4
simple random
A computer generates 100 random
numbers, and 100 people whose
names correspond with the
numbers on the list are chosen.
determine the type of sampling
used
20 4
convenience
The first 40 people who walk into
a sporting event are polled on their
television preferences. determine
the type of sampling used:
21 2
systematic
A market researcher polls every
tenth person who walks into a
store. determine the type of
sampling used
22 2
A statistic is a value calculated a sample
23 2 from
scatterplot
For presentation of relationship of
the two variables, which of the
following be most suitable
24 3
 Bar chart
For presentation comparison of
one category with others, which of
the following be most suitable?
25 3
A histogram
You have to present a frequency
distribution data on diastolic blood
pressure in hypertensive patients.
Which of the following be most
suitable for grouped data?
26 3
Which of the statement isn’t true ? is a measure of risk and the rapidity of
27 2 A ratio change of an event
Which of the statement is true ? comparison of a part to the whole
28 3 Proportion is the
mean
Which of the option isn’t true?
Frequency measures used to
summarize categorical variable are
29 3
The standard error of a data set Smaller than standard deviation
30 2 will always be
rate
Which of the answers isn’t true?
measures of spread which describe
the dispersion (or variation) of
values from that peak in the
distribution include
31 2
is the value that is closest to all the other
32 2 The mean is the values in a distribution
the mean
Which of the measure of central
tendency is affected be the
33 2 Extreme value
ratio
Which of the listed below isn’t a
34 2 measure for the central tendency
provides a single value that summarizes an
entire distribution of data; Shows tendency
for values to gather around a central / “
average” value and which is typical of the
Which statement is true regarding group; Are used to summarizes continuous
a measure of central location variables All above mentioned
statements are true

35 2
Interval
scale of Celsius temperature is an
example of __________data
36 1
Color is an example of which type Categorical
37 1 of data?
Ordinal
Pain assessment scale is an
example of which type of data
38 1
 piece of data obtained from a study of a
large quantity of numerical data; a branch
of mathematics dealing with the
collection, analysis, interpretation, and
presentation of masses of numerical data;
the science of assembling and interpreting
Statistics is
numerical data. All above mentioned
statements are true

39 1
How was the population affected?
Which of the question is true for
analytical (inferential)
40 1 epidemiologic studies?
# topic Question Correct Answer
Which of the question isn’t
1 true for descriptive Why was the population affected?
1 epidemiologic studies?
Epidemiological methods try
to
to identify the causes of poor health;
measure the strength of association
1
between causes and outcomes; All
above mentioned statements are true
2
Epidemiology study tries to
answer
How often diseases occur in different
group of people and why? What kind of
people get the disease?How can we
1 found out what is generally the best way
of treating people with the disease? All
above mentioned questions/
statements are true
3
Please choose the correct Employs quantitative approach to study
1 answer. Epidemiological the health of populations
4 study:

Which one among the

Both the alternative and the null
5 following statement is true in
the context of the testing of hypotheses can be tested.
5 hypotheses?

A designed experiment is a
test or series of tests in which
7 ____________ changes are
Purposeful
made to the input variables so
that we may observe and
identify corresponding
changes in the output
6 response.
An experiment can have more than one
7 Which of the following is
7 true? dependent variable.

A sports psychologist was

interested in the effects of a
2 six-week imagery intervention
Independent variable
on an athlete’s ability to
execute a sport-specific skills
such penalty taking in
football. How might you
8 define the imagery variable?

A researcher is curious about

5 the IQ of students at the Population
Georgian University. The
entire group students is an
9 example of a:
 A researcher is interested in
4 the travel time of Georgian Statistic
University students to college.
A group of 50 students is
interviewed. Their mean travel
time in 16.7 minutes. For this
study the mean of 16.7
10 minutes is an example of a(n)

It is used to determine variability of a

4 Which of the following
statements is TRUE ABOUT sample around a sample mean.
11 the standard deviation (SD)?
The scores of Exams for 10
students are
12 3 75, 82, 90, 92, 67, 95, 110, 80, 82
82, 86.
Find the mode for the above
data.

Which of the following data

3 represents interval continuous Height of children.
13 data?
The data that categories
3 patients as males or females Nominal data
14 are known as:

If categorical variable is
3 ordinal in nature the display TRUE
should decrease in logical
order or increase in logical
15 order

Can be anything within a

2 given range • •Key: amount of Continues Variables
• •Examples: –Height/weight
–GPA –square footage of
16 building –distance

You can actually count the

possible responses: Key:
2 number of • •Examples: – Discrete Variables
number of children – number
of students – number of pages
in book – number of rooms in
17 house
 There is no necessary
relationship between the
2 categories. (ie: no natural Nominal Variables
ordering) •Names, numbers,
or other symbols used to
specify the groups to which
various subjects belong
•Examples: blood type,
18 gender, marital status.
Median of a numerical list of In the middle when the numbers are put
2 data is the value in order
19 ____________

Which method of data

collection is used if you
collect data for a study about
7 the effects of a certain drug
Perform an experiment
given to 10 patients and a
placebo given to another
group of 10 patients to
determine if the drug is
20 effective?

6 Qualitative and quantitative FALSE

research methods are never
21 used together in a study

Tell if the statement if

6 Descriptive or Inferential? A Descriptive
recent survey of 2000 adults
having an MBA reported that
the average salary is more
22 than $65,000 a year.

Which of the following The average distance between a score

2 statements is the most and the mean.
accurate description for the
23 concept of standard deviation?

3 Normally distributed data are Bell-shaped

24 normally referred to as
Standard deviation of sample means for
2 What is a definition of the
25 standard error? the population.

In order for accurate measures

4 of the linear relationship Interval
between two variables to be
achieved, what type of data
are required if using Pearson’s
26 correlation coefficient?
 What is the name of the
7 variable, that isn't influenced
Independent variable
or changed by the other
27 variables in an experiment?

Random numbers determine which elements are

7 included in the sample; Each possible sample of a
given size has a known and equal probability of
What are the distinguishing being the sample actually selected; Each element
features of simple random in the population has a known and equal
28 sampling? probability of selection; All of the above.

Mrs. Bauer wanted to

investigate whether the
7 amount of time students Amount of time students studied
studied for the test would
affect their grade on final.
What is the independent
29 variable in the experiment?

What is the name of the

7 variable which is usually Dependent variables
measured or tested in an
30 experiment.

A traffic cop was stopping

5 every 5th car to check for Systematic Sampling
insurance and license. What
type of sampling method is
31 the cop using?

A survey will be given to 100

5 students randomly selected all freshmen at Lincoln High School
from the freshmen class at
Lincoln High School. What is
32 the population

The confidence interval would decrease

5 What effect would increasing
the sample size have on a in size.
33 confidence interval?

Samples are drawn from a normally

distributed population. Homogeneity of
variances (equal variances).The data are
5
either interval or ratio scales.All the
Which of the following above assumptions (A, B and C) are
assumptions are required if an required.
independent t-test is to be
34 used?

Five times out of 100, a significant result

5 If a researcher sets a level of
will be found that is due to chance alone
significance at p<0.05 (i.e. and not to true relationship
35 5%), what does this mean?
 … refers to the tools of
5 drawing out conclusions, Analysis of data
descriptions, inferences and
generalizations from the
36 analyzed data

Bar graphs Bars may be

3 vertical or horizontal, but FALSE
should touch All must be
37 equal width

6 ___________ is one in which Observational study

participants are merely
38 observed and measure

Categorical variable where the

categories have a natural or
1 logical ordering or ranking
Ordinal Variables
•Examples: –t-shirt size
(S,M,L,XL) –Satisfaction
Rating (very satisfied,
somewhat satisfied, somewhat
39 dissatisfied, very dissatisfied)

3 Values measured in numeric Quantitative

values with meaning
(units/counts) • •Examples: –#
of minutes –weight (in
40 pounds) –snowfall (in inches)
# topic Question Correct Answer

Values measured in
1 3 groups or categories: Nominal
Examples: –Gender;
Favorite color; Type of
car...
_________ are Variables
characteristics
recorded about
each individual.
The_____ should
2 3 have a name that
identify What has
been measured.

Animals, plants, Subjects or participants

and inanimate
3 7 subjects are called

Individuals who Respondents

4 4 answer a survey
are called

__________a are Sample Data

collected from a
5 4 subset of a large
population.

_________are Data
observations (such
as measurements,
genders, survey
responses) that
6 2 have been
collected

___________ Data
referring to
numbers or
nonnumerical
labels
(male/female)
7 2 collected from a
set of entities
(people, cities, etc)
 _________ is a Statistics
collection of
procedures and
principles for
gathering data and
analyzing
information to help
8 2 people make
decisions when
faced with
uncertainty.

Answer which of Contains 95% of the

the following is observations in the population
true for the
statement: 95%
9 4 confidence interval
for the mean:

Which of the The p-value is an arbitrary

following value, designated as the
10 5 statements are significance level
true?

The Framingham
Study, in which a
group of residents
have been
followed since the
1950s to identify
occurrence and risk
factors for heart
11 1 disease, is an cohort
example of which
type(s) of study?

What is NOT an To provide therapeutic and

objective of surgical assistance to patients.
epidemiology?
12 2 (Choose one best
answer)

The focus of Populations

13 2 epidemiologic
studies is on:
 the definition of Causes; Control measures;
epidemiology, Risk factors; All answers are
“determinants” correct
14 2 generally includes:

Sampling is the in order to make inferences

process of selecting or draw conclusions about the
a subset of entire population
individuals, items,
or data points from
a larger population
15 5 or dataset _____

Systematic Then, you would start with Then, you Then, you
sampling the 4rd employee on the list would would
Example: Suppose and select every 5th person start with start with
you have a list of after that (4rd, 9th, 14th,19 th the 3rd the 4rd
100 employees, etc.) until you have 20 employee employee
and you want to employees in your sample. on the list on the list
select a sample of and select and select
20. To use every 5th every 5th
systematic person person
sampling, you after that after that
would first (4rd, 9th, (4rd,
randomly choose a 14th,18 10th,
number between 1 th etc.) 14th,18
and 5 (e.g., 4). until you th etc.)
have 20 until you
employee have 20
Then, you s in your employee
16 5 would sample. s in your
start with sample.
the 3rd
employee
on the list
and select
every 5th
person
after that
(3rd, 8th,
13th, etc.)
until you
have 20
employee
s in your
sample.
 __________ is a Stratified sampling
sampling method
where the
population is
divided into
distinct subgroups
or strata based on
certain
characteristics
(e.g., age, gender,
income), and then
17 5 a random sample is
taken from each
stratum.

______is a Cluster sampling

sampling method
where the
population is
divided into
clusters or groups,
and a random
selection of
clusters is chosen
for inclusion in the
sample. All
elements within
18 5 the selected
clusters are then
sampled.
 _______ is a Correlation
statistical measure
that quantifies the
degree of
association or
relationship
between two or
more variables. It
indicates how
changes in one
19 5 variable are related
to changes in
another.

Regression analysis

____________is a
statistical
technique used to
20 5 model and analyze
the relationship
between a
dependent variable
(or target) and one
or more
independent
variables (or
predictors). It helps
predict and
understand how
changes in the
predictor(s) affect
the target variable.
 Causality

_________refers to
the relationship
between cause and
21 effect, where one
event or variable
(the cause) leads to
a change in
another event or
variable (the
effect). It is the
study of how one
factor influences or
brings about
changes in
another.