ADVANCED STATISTICS

PPT Questionnaires
Part 1.
1. Which of the following is the best example of a null hypothesis?
a. There will be no relationship between the amount of cookies you eat and your blood sugar
level.
b. As the amount of cookies you eat increases, your blood sugar level will increase.
c. As the amount of cookies you eat increases, your blood sugar level will decrease.
d. As the amount of cookies you eat decreases, your blood sugar level will remain constant.

2. What consists of information coming from observations, counts, measurements, or

responses?
a. Statistics
b. Data
c. Population
d. Sample

3. It is the science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data in order to make
decisions.

a. Data
b. Population
c. Statistics
d. Sample

4. What statistical methods require higher-order critical thinking and judgment in data
interpretation and analysis?
a. Descriptive
b. Parametric
c. Inferential
d. Non-Parametric

5. What is the term 'parameter' used to describe?

a. Statistics
b. Population
c. Sample
d. Measurement

6. What is the primary purpose of descriptive statistics?

a. Make decisions
b. Describe data
c. Make hypothesis testing
d. Make estimation
7. What is the nature of qualitative data, and how does it differ from quantitative data in terms of
its characteristics, methods of collection, and analysis?
a. Measurement that cannot be measured on a natural numerical scale
b. For population only
c. Recorded on a naturally occurring numerical scale
d. For sample only

8. Which of the following is an example of quantitative data?

a. Number of defective items
b. Methods of payment
c. Gender of students in CEC
d. Level of satisfaction

9. Which of the following options includes two examples of descriptive statistics?

a. Median and correlation
b. Hypothesis testing and histograms
c. Variance and regression analysis
d. Mean and standard deviation

10. In the context of statistics, what does the term sample refer to ?
a. Can be used for inferences but not for predictions
b. Is another word for population
c. Is a set of data taken from the population to represent the population
d. Is only used in descriptive statistics

11. What is statistical estimation?

a. Methods for rounding answers in statistical calculations
b. Methods to determine the best graph to represent statistical data
c. Methods for reducing errors in inferential statistics
d. Methods for reducing errors in descriptive statistics

12. How do descriptive and inferential statistics differ?

a. Descriptive statistics are more computationally sophisticated than inferential statistics
b. Inferential statistics are more computationally sophisticated than descriptive statistics
c. Descriptive statistics only attempt to describe data, while inferential statistics attempt to make
predictions based on data
d. Inferential statistics only attempt to describe data, while descriptive statistics attempt to make
predictions based on data

13. What are two examples of inferential statistics?

a. Range and percentiles
b. Estimation and hypothesis testing
c. Mean and probability distributions
d. Variance and correlation

14. Which group is typically larger in size, a population or a sample?

a. Population
b. Both can be the same
c. Sample
d. Not enough information

15. Which of the following are the two main types of statistics used to analyze data?
a. Discrete and Continuous
b. Descriptive and Inferential
c. Population and Sample
d. Mean and Standard deviation

Part 2
1. What is the level of measurement for IQ scores of students in a class?
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio

2. What is a Type I error in hypothesis testing, and what does it signify in the context of
statistical decision-making?
a. The failure to reject a false null hypothesis
b. Rejecting a true null hypothesis
c. The acceptance to reject a null hypothesis
d. Accepting a true null hypothesis

3. Which of the following shows a right-tailed test?

a. Ha: µ < 15
b. Ha: µ > 15
c. H0: µ > 15
d. H0: µ < 15

4. Suppose the P-value for a hypothesis test is 0.0304. Using α = 0.05, what is the appropriate
conclusion?
a. Reject the null hypothesis
b. Fail to reject the null hypothesis
c. Reject the alternative hypothesis
d. Fail to reject the alternative hypothesis

5. What does descriptive statistics involve?

a. Collection, presentation, and description of sample data
b. The technique of interpreting the values resulting from the descriptive techniques and making
decisions and drawing conclusions about the population
c. Attempting to provide incorrect information and provide misleading graphs
d. Using information, numbers, and graphics even when data can't be collected

6. In which areas are statistics used?

a. In education
b. In science
c. In government
d. All of the above

7. How is the population in statistics best described?

a. A collection, or set, of individuals, objects, or events whose properties are to be analyzed
b. The total number of people that live in a particular city
c. The incomplete collection of individuals or objects that are of interest to the sample collector
d. A collection of people that are being analyzed for membership on a list of particular elements
to be studied

8. What is a sample?
a. A subset of a population
b. An infinite selection of a population
c. A characteristic of a population
d. A data value generated by the statistical information

9. What is a variable (or response variable)?

a. A characteristic of interest about each individual element of a population or sample
b. A characteristic that is irrelevant to the collection of the data
c. A characteristic that changes when the data is collected
d. A characteristic or trait that will be ignored in a sample population

10. What is the definition of a parameter in statistics?

a. A planned activity whose results yield a set of data
b. A numerical value that summarizes all of the data of an entire population
c. The set of values collected from the variable from each of the elements that belong to the
sample
d. A numerical value summarizing the sample data

11. What is a statistic?

a. A planned activity whose results yield a set of data
b. A numerical value that summarizes all of the data of an entire population
c. The set of values collected from the variable from each of the elements that belong to the
sample
d. A numerical value summarizing the sample data

12. What is the definition of data, and how is it used in the context of statistical analysis?
a. A planned activity whose results yield a set of data
b. A numerical value that summarizes all of the data of an entire population
c. The set of values collected from the variable from each of the elements that belong to the
sample
d. A numerical value summarizing the sample data

13. What is a nominal variable?

a. A qualitative variable that characterizes, describes, or names an element of a population
b. A qualitative variable that incorporates an ordered position, or ranking
c. A quantitative variable that can assume a countable number of values, in other words, there
is a gap between any two values
d. A quantitative variable that can assume an uncountable number of values, in other words, it
includes every possible value between any two values

14. What is an ordinal variable?

a. A qualitative variable that characterizes, describes, or names an element of a population
b. A qualitative variable that incorporates an ordered position, or ranking
c. A quantitative variable that can assume a countable number of values, in other words, there
is a gap between any two values
d. A quantitative variable that can assume an uncountable number of values, in other words, it
includes every possible value between any two values

15. What are some sources of data collection?

a. Interview and observation
b. Questionnaires and survey
c. Primary sources and secondary sources
d. Books and journal
Gform Questionnaires

1. What does inferential statistics involve?

A. Collection, presentation, and description of sample data
B. The technique of interpreting the values resulting from the descriptive techniques and making
decisions and drawing conclusions about the population.
C. Attempting to provide incorrect information and provide misleading graphs
D. Using information, numbers, and graphics even when data can't be collected

2. What is a discrete variable?

A. A qualitative variable that characterizes, describes, or names an element of a population.
B. A qualitative variable that incorporates an ordered position or ranking.
C. A quantitative variable that can assume a countable number of values, in other words, there
is a gap between any two values.
D. A quantitative variable that can assume an uncountable number of values, in other words, it
includes every possible value between any two values.

3. What is a continuous variable?

A. A qualitative variable that characterizes, describes, or names an element of a population.
B. A qualitative variable that incorporates an ordered position or ranking.
C. A quantitative variable that can assume a countable number of values, in other words, there
is a gap between any two values.
D. A quantitative variable that can assume an uncountable number of values, in other words, it
includes every possible value between any two values.

4. What is the level of measurement for IQ scores of students in a class?

A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio

5. What is the level of measurement for the nationality of each person on an airplane?
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio

6. Identify the correct null hypothesis:

"Is the proportion of babies born male different from 50%? In a sample of 200 babies, 96
were male. Test the claim using a level of significance of 1%."
A. H0: p = 0.50
B. H0: p = 0.48
C. H0: µ = 100
D. H0: µ = 96

A. z₀ = -1.96
B. z₀ = -2.33
C. a. z₀ = -1.645
D. z₀ = 2.58
8. Which of the following is a continuous probability distribution?
A. Binomial
B. Poisson
C. Normal
D. Geometric

9. What is a confidence interval?

A. A range within which the sample mean is expected to fall.
B. A range of values within which the population parameter is expected to fall with a certain
level of confidence.
C. A method for testing the significance of a result.
D. A measure of the variability of the sample data

10. What is the purpose of a confidence interval?

A. To estimate the range of possible sample means.
B. To estimate the range of possible population parameters.
C. To test the significance of a result
D. To standardize the data

11. Which statistical test is used to compare the means of two independent samples?
A. Chi-square test
B. Paired t-test
C. Independent t-test
D. ANOVA

12. What does a correlation coefficient of 0 indicates?

A. T- Test
B. ANOVA
C. Wilcoxon signed-ranked test
D. F - text

13. What does the term "skewness" measure in a data?

A. The average value of the data
B. The spread of the data
C. The asymmetry of the data distribution
D. The degree of outliers in the data
14. What is the purpose of factor analysis?
A. To reduce data dimensionality
B. To detect multicollinearity
C. To improve model accuracy
D. To increase sample size

15. Which of the following is a measure of the strength and direction of a linear
relationship between two variables?
A. Mean
B Variance
C. Correlation coefficient
D. Standard Deviation

16. What is the purpose of a principal component of CPA?

A. To test the statistical significance of the data.
B. To reduce the number of variables while retaining most of the variation in the data.
C. To measure the correlation between variables
D. To perform a hypothesis test

17. What is the common method for testing the assumption of normality in residuals?
A. Box plot
B Histogram
C. Shapiro - Wilk Test
D. ANOVA

18. What does the term 'effect size' refer to the hypothesis testing?
A. The probability of making a Type I error
B. The magnitude of the difference between groups.
C. The size of the sample needed for a test.
D. The variance of the residuals.

19. Which measure indicates the degree of association between two variables? *
1 point
A. Mean
B. Variance
C. Median
D. Correlation Coefficient

20. In cluster analysis, what does 'k-means' refer to?

A. A method to find the best line for the data
B. A technique to partition data into k cluster based on feature similarity.
C. A test for comparing two means
D. A way to assess the relationship between two variables.
21. What is the purpose of likelihood ratio test?
A. To compare the goodness-of-fit between two models
B. To test the significance of regression coefficients
C. To calculate the mean of the data
D. To determine the correlation between variables.

22. Which measure of central tendency is most affected by outliers?

A. Mean
B. Median
C. Mode
D. Variance

23. Which test would you use to compare the means of three or more groups?
A. T - test
B. Chi-square test
C. ANOVA
D. Regression Analysis

24. In a linear regression model, what does the coefficient of determination (R²)
represent?
A. The slope of the regression line
B. The amount of variation in the dependent variable explained by the independent variable(s)
C. The correlation between variables
D. The standard error of the estimate.

25. In statistical terms, what does 'power' refer to?

A. The ability of a test to detect a true effect
B. The size of the sample used in the study.
C. The probability of making Type I error.
D. The strength of the correlation between variables.

26. Which of the following is a property of the normal distribution?

A. it is skewed to the right
B. it is bimodal
C. it is symmetric
D. It has a mean greater than the median

27. A Type I error occurs when?

A. A true null hypothesis is rejected
B. A false null hypothesis is accepted
C. The test statistic is too low
D. The sample size is too small.
28. In a normal distribution, what percent of the data falls within 1 standard deviation of
the mean?
A. 50%
B. 68%
C.95%
D. 99%

29. The likelihood function is used in:

A. Bayesian analysis
B. Maximum Likelihood estimation
C. Least squares regression
D. Chi-square test

30. Which of the following is NOT a type of sampling?

A. Sample random sampling
B. Stratisfied sampling
C. Convenience Sampling
D. Probability Sampling