Notre Dame of Masiag, Inc.

Masiag, Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat

Government Recognition (R-XII) No. SK 405761-040, s. 2021
DepEd ID: 405761 ESC ID: 1201693
TIN: 000-578-187 (Non VAT)

LEARNING PLAN
S. Y. 2023-2024
SUBJECT: PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE QUARTER: FIRST
GRADE LEVEL: 12 HUMSS WEEK 2

TOPIC:
Political Ideologies
CONTENT STANDARDS:
Politics and political science, governance, political ideologies, power, states, nations, and globalization
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS:
The learner is able to …
Clearly identify a specific political phenomenon and how it can be studied

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
The students will be able to:
Identify the basic tenets of major political ideologies (i.e., liberalism, conservatism, socialism);
Differentiate the political ; and
Analyse how political ideologies impact on the social and political life of Filipino.
INTRODUCTION
This lesson is introduces to you was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from
public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource
hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances
MOTIVATION
PICTURE ANALYSIS. What idea or concept is being depicted by this picture? In 3-4 sentences give your insights about it.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
INSTRUCTION/DELIVERY
The teacher will discuss the following:
Meaning of Ideology
Functions of Political Ideology
Major Political Ideologies
ENRICHMENT
PROCEDURE
A Let the students answer Activity 1. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read the following items carefully. Write the letter of the correct
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It refers to a system of belief about how society should function, behave, and operate.
a. Ideology b. Philosophy c. Psychology d. Theology
2. Which of the following is NOT a function of political ideology?
a. It creates laws in order to achieve a perfect society.
b. It offers an account of existing order by examining what works and what does not work.
c. It outlines how political change or the desired social order can be achieved.
d. It provides a model of a desired social order, a vision of Good Society
3. It is the set of political beliefs emphasizing individual rights and liberties.
a. Conservatism b. Liberalism c. Socialism d. None of the above
4. What set of political beliefs emphasizes preservation of customs and traditions that define the character of a society? a.
Conservatism b. Liberalism c. Socialism d. None of the above
5. Which of the following describes a set of political beliefs emphasizing community and social equality?
a. Conservatism b. Liberalism c. Socialism d. None of the above
6. Which of the following is NOT a key idea of Liberalism?
a. Fraternity b. Freedom c. Individualism d. Reason
7. It is the core principle of Liberalism.
a. Fraternity b. Freedom c. Individualism d. Reason
8. What key idea of Liberalism is being described in the statement below? It is a desire to ensure that each person is able
to act as he or she pleases or chooses.
a. Fraternity b. Freedom c. Individualism d. Reason
9. Which is true about the key ideas of Conservatism?
a. Authority, Consent, Human imperfection, Pragmatism, Tradition
b. Authority, Equality ,Human imperfection, Pragmatism, Tradition
c. Authority, Human imperfection, Pragmatism , Property, Tradition
d. Consent, Human imperfection, Pragmatism, Tradition, Toleration
10. What belief states that action should be shaped by practical circumstances and practical goals, or simply by “what
works”?
a. Authority b. Freedom c. Individualism d. Pragmatism
B. ABSTRACTION
Meaning of Ideology Ideology according to Heywood (2007) refers to a system of beliefs about how society should
function, behave, and operate. He further explains that from a social-scientific viewpoint, an ideology is a more or
less coherent set of ideas that provides a basis for organized political action, whether this is intended to preserve,
modify or overthrow the existing system of power relationships.
Functions of Political Ideology Political ideologies are very important in a society. Heywood (2007) also described
the following functions of political ideology:
(1) It offers an account of the existing order by examining what works and what does not work, as well as other
various issues and problems that the state and the broader society are confronted with.
(2) It provides a model of a desired social order, a vision of the Good Society.
(3) It outlines how political change or the desired social order can be achieved.
Major Political Ideologies There are many political ideologies. On this lesson we will concentrate more on these
three major political ideologies.
These are the Liberalism, Conservatism, and Socialism. Heywood (2007) explained the key ideas under these
ideologies. Read his explanations below:
Liberalism
Pertains to set of political beliefs emphasizing individual rights and liberties. Its key ideas are the following:
Key Ideas of Liberalism
Individualism: It is the core principle of liberal ideology. Individualism is further explained as:
belief in the supreme importance of the human ❖ human beings are seen with equal moral worth; they
possess separate and unique identities ❖ the liberal goal is to construct a society within which individuals can
flourish and develop
Freedom: Individual freedom or liberty is the core value of liberalism. Under freedom are the following
features: ❖ desire to ensure that each person is able to act as he or she pleases or chooses ❖ advocate
‘freedom under the law’, as they recognize that one person’s liberty may be a threat to the liberty of others
Reason: Liberals believe that the world has a rational structure, and that this can be uncovered through the
exercise of human reason and by critical enquiry. Furthermore, the key idea of reason favors the following:
❖ faith in the ability of individuals to make wise judgments; ❖ individuals as the best judges of their own
interests; ❖ belief in progress and the capacity of human beings to resolve their differences through
debate and argument, rather than bloodshed and war.
Equality: This refers to the belief that individuals are ‘born equal’, at least in terms of moral worth.
Liberalism has strong commitment to equal rights namely: ❖ legal equality (‘equality before the law’); ❖
political equality (‘one person, one vote; one vote, one value’).
Toleration: It means willingness to allow others to think, speak and act in ways which they disapprove. This
promotes debate and intellectual progress.
Consent: It will advocate that authority and social relationships should always be based on consent or
willing agreement. Under this idea, the government must therefore be based on the ‘consent of the
governed’. Authority is always grounded in legitimacy.
2. Conservatism refers to set of political beliefs based on preservation of customs and traditions that define the
character of a society. Here are the key ideas of conservatism:
Key Ideas of Conservatism
Tradition: It is the central theme of conservative thought or ‘the desire to conserve’. It respects
established customs and institutions that have endured through time. Tradition reflects the
accumulated wisdom of the past, and institutions and practices that have been ‘tested by time’, and it
should be preserved for the benefit of the living and for generations yet to come.
Pragmatism: It is the belief that action should be shaped by practical circumstances and practical
goals, that is, by ‘what works’.
Human imperfection: In this view, human beings are limited, dependent, and security-seeking
creatures, drawn to the familiar and the tried and tested. Human beings are needing to live in stable
and orderly communities. The maintenance of order requires a strong state, the enforcement of strict
laws, and stiff penalties.
Authority: Conservatives hold that, to some degree, authority is always exercised ‘from above’,
providing leadership, guidance and support for those who lack the knowledge, experience or education
to act wisely in their own interests. Authority and leadership are seen as resulting from experience and
training.
Property: Conservatives see property ownership as being vital because it gives people security and a
measure of independence from government, and it encourages them to respect the law and the
property of others.
3. Socialism is defined as set of political beliefs emphasizing community and social equality that adheres to
the following ideas:
 Key Ideas of Socialism
Community: The core of socialism is the vision of human beings as social creatures linked by the
existence of a common humanity. It highlights the importance of community, and the degree to
which individual identity is fashioned by social interaction and membership of social groups and
collective bodies. Socialists are inclined to emphasize nurture over nature, and to explain
individual behavior mainly in terms of social factors, rather than innate qualities.
Fraternity: It is sharing a common humanity. Humans are bound together by a sense of
comradeship or fraternity (literally meaning ‘brotherhood’, but broadened in this context to
embrace all humans). Socialism prefers cooperation over competition and favors collectivism over
individualism. Cooperation enables people to harness their collective energies/strengthens the
bonds of community.
Social equality is the central value of socialism: It emphasizes equality of outcome as opposed to
equality of opportunity. The measure of social equality is looked upon as guarantee of social
stability and cohesion.
Need is of primary importance in Socialism: It is the belief that material benefits should be
distributed on the basis of need, rather than simply on the basis of merit or work: ‘From each
according to his ability, to each according to his need’. The satisfaction of basic needs (hunger,
thirst, shelter, health, personal security and so on) is a prerequisite for a worthwhile human
existence and participation in social life.
Social class: Socialism has traditionally been associated with the interests of an oppressed and
exploited working class - regarded the working class as an agent of social change. The socialist
goal is the eradication of economic and social inequalities, or their substantial reduction.
Common ownership: The socialist case for common ownership is that it is a means of harnessing
material resources to the common good, with private property being seen to promote selfishness,
acquisitiveness and social division.

To further understand the lesson, let the students watch the video given the link below.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dEcMvUtSbM

C. ABSTRACTION
This time, it’s your turn to shine. Answer the following as directed.
Directions: If you were given a chance to be part of the government, what kind of political ideologies would you prefer?
Tell us about it briefly. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
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 CATEGORY 5 EXCELLENT 4 VERY GOOD 3 AVERAGE 2 NEEDS 1 UNACCEPTABL
IMPROVEMENT

Ideas This paper is This paper is The writer is Topic is not Yet, the paper
clear and mostly focused beginning to welldefined has no clear
focused. It holds and has some define the topic, and/or there are sense of purpose
the reader's good details and even though too many topics or central theme.
attention. quotes. development is To extract
Relevant details still basic or meaning from
and quotes general. the text, the
enrich the reader must
central theme. make inferences
based on sketchy
or missing
details.

Organization The writing has The writing The text hums The text seems The reader has to
an easy flow, mostly flows, and along with a choppy and is practice quite a
rhythm, and usually invites steady beat, but not easy to read bit in order to
cadence. oral reading. tends to be more orally give this paper a
Sentences are business like fair interpretive
well built, with than musical, reading.
strong and varied more mechanical
structure that than fluid.
invites expressive
oral reading.

Presentation The form and The format only The writer's The writer's The reader
presentation of has a few message is message is only receives a
the text mistakes and is understandable understandable garbled message
enhances the generally easy to in this format. occasionally, and due to problems
ability for the read and pleasing paper is messily relating to the
reader to to the eye written. presentation of
understand and the text and is
connect with the not typed.
message. It is
pleasing to the
eye.

D. APPLICATION
Draw or make a sketch of your dream society. Consider at least one of the Political Ideologies. Put your drawing on a long
bond paper.
CRITERIA FOR THE DRAWING
Relevance to the theme------------------------------------ 25%
Creativity and originality---------------------------------- 25%
Neatness and organization-------------------------------- 25%
Overall impression of the drawing----------------------- 25%
TOTAL---------------------------------------------------------------100%
VALUES INTEGRATION
Let the students reflect on the question below.
Activity 5. Let’s Reflect!
1. As Notre Damean, which of the core values NOTRE DAME developed/activated in yourself as we tackle the
Political Ideologies.
EVALUATION
Activity 6: Let’s Evaluate!
A. TRUE OR FALSE
Direction: TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise. Write your answer on a
separate sheet.
1. Ideology refers to a system or beliefs about how society should function, behave,
and operate.
2. One of the functions of political ideology is to provide a model of a desired social order, a vision of the Good Society.
3. Liberalism pertains to set of political beliefs emphasizing community and social equality.
4. Freedom is one of the key ideas of Conservatism.
5. Liberals believe that the world has a rational structure
6. Individualism is the core principle of Liberal ideology.
7. Freedom is the core value of liberalism.
8. Authority is one of the key ideas of Socialism.
9. Socialist regarded the working class as an agent of social change.
10.Tradition, toleration, and human imperfection are key ideas of Conservatism.
11.Social equality is the central value of socialism.
12.Socialism prefers cooperation over competition.
13.Individualism is a belief in the supreme importance of the human.
14.Common ownership, fraternity and social class are key ideas of liberalism.
15.Tradition is the central theme of Socialism.

Prepared: Checked: Approved:

KENETH ROSE R. FAGTANAN LANY T. CATAMIN DANILO B. MONTOY, MAEM

Teacher SHS Coordinator Principal