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Chromatography

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18 views2 pages

Chromatography

Uploaded by

p23.asveerjudge
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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### Chromatography Lab Report

#### Title
**Separation of Dyes in Black Marker Ink Using Paper Chromatography**

#### Objective
To separate and identify the di erent dyes present in black marker ink using paper
chromatography.

#### Introduction
Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures into their individual components based
on their di erent a nities for the stationary and mobile phases. In this experiment, paper
chromatography is employed to separate the dyes in black marker ink. The di erent dyes have
varying solubilities in the solvent and di erent a nities for the paper, causing them to travel at
di erent rates and separate.

#### Hypothesis
If paper chromatography is used on black marker ink, then the di erent dyes will separate and
can be identi ed based on their respective travel distances.

#### Materials
- Black marker (water-soluble)
- Chromatography paper
- Water or rubbing alcohol (solvent)
- Pencil
- Ruler
- Beaker or glass jar
- Capillary tubes or pipette (optional)
- Scissors
- Tape

#### Method
1. **Preparation of Chromatography Paper**:
- Cut a strip of chromatography paper to t inside the beaker or jar without touching the sides.
- Draw a pencil line about 2 cm from the bottom of the strip. This is the origin line.

2. **Application of Sample**:
- Use the black marker to place a small dot of ink on the origin line. Allow it to dry and repeat to
concentrate the pigment spot if necessary.

3. **Development of Chromatogram**:
- Fill the beaker or jar with a small amount of solvent (water or rubbing alcohol) to a depth of
about 1 cm.
- Attach the chromatography paper to a pencil or stick and suspend it in the beaker so that the
bottom of the paper touches the solvent but the ink spot does not. Ensure the paper is not
touching the sides of the beaker.
- Cover the beaker with a lid or plastic wrap to prevent evaporation and allow the solvent to
travel up the paper.

4. **Observation and Analysis**:


- Once the solvent has traveled several centimeters up the paper, remove the chromatography
strip and immediately mark the solvent front with a pencil.
- Allow the paper to dry and then observe the separated dyes.

#### Results
- **Observation of Dyes**:
- Several bands of di erent colors should appear on the chromatography paper, indicating the
separation of dyes from the black marker ink. Common colors may include blue, green, red, and
yellow.
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- **Rf Values Calculation**:
- Measure the distance traveled by each dye from the origin line to the center of each dye band.
- Measure the distance traveled by the solvent front from the origin line.
- Calculate the Rf value for each dye using the formula:

#### Discussion
- **Interpretation of Results**:
- The di erent dyes in the black marker ink travel di erent distances based on their solubility in
the solvent and their a nity for the chromatography paper.
- Dyes that are more soluble in the solvent and less attracted to the paper travel further up the
paper.

- **Factors A ecting Results**:


- The type of solvent used, the concentration of the dye, and the type of chromatography paper
can all a ect the separation of dyes.
- The speci c composition of the black marker ink, as di erent brands may use di erent dye
mixtures.

#### Conclusion
The paper chromatography method successfully separated the dyes in the black marker ink,
allowing for the identi cation of various dyes based on their Rf values. This experiment
demonstrates the e ectiveness of chromatography in separating and analyzing the components
of a mixture.

#### References
- IGCSE Chemistry/Physics textbooks and laboratory manuals.
- Scienti c journals and articles on chromatography techniques.

#### Appendices
- **Raw Data**: Measurements of distances traveled by each dye and the solvent.
- **Chromatography Paper Sample**: Photograph or diagram of the developed chromatogram
with labeled dye bands.
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