A

STUDY
ON
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
AT
TATA MOTORS PRIVATE LIMITED
THE PROJECT SUBMITTED
FOR THE FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD
BACHELOR'S DEGREE IN B.COM BUSINESS ANALYTICS

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE

Submitted By:
MOHAMMED. HYDER ALI
(H.T.NO.201321405033)

Under the guidance of

GM. SUNIL KUMAR M. COM
(HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT COMMERCE)

Department of commerce
SAI CHAITANYA DEGREE COLLEGE.
OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
Hyderabad-500007, India
April,2024
 Sai Chaitanya Degree College
Kompally

GM. SUNIL KUMAR M. COM

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT COMMERCE.

CERTIFICATE

I certify that the Project work entitled " ELECTRIC VEHICLE AT TATA
MOTORS PRIVATE LIMITED ", is the original work done by Under my
guidance.

Date:

(GM. SUNIL KUMAR M. COM)

 DECLARATION

W. hereby declare that this project report entitled, report entitled, on "ELECTRIC
VEHICLE AT TATA MOTORS PRIVATE LIMITED" is a bonafide work
taken by us and it is not submitted to any other university or institution for the
award of any degree diploma / certificate or published any time before.

DATE:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express our deep sense of gratitude to our Teacher and Project Supervisor, GM.
SUNIL KUMAR M. COM HOD of Commerce, Sai Chaitanya Degree College,
Osmania University. Who has guided the project work with scholarly advice and
meticulous care. In spite of her multifarious academic and administrative
responsibilities, she has been kind enough to spare her valuable time for
consultation and guidance. It has been an immense pleasure and privilege to work
under her. But for her valuable guidance and encouragement the work would have
not been what it is now, we thank her whole heartedly for helping us in the
completion of project.

I am highly thankful to all our lecturers, for their words of wisdom. Valuable
suggestions and encouragement in our work.

I also thank our friends and classmates for their encouragement in this endeavor
last but not the least. We are thankful to all the persons who have directly or
indirectly helped us in the completion of this research work.
 ABSTRACT

Abstract:
Pollution of the environment is currently a global concern. Toxic emission from
internal combustion engines is one of the primary air pollutants. In order to
mitigate the effects of fossil fuel emission and address environmental concerns
(ECs), electric vehicles (EVs) are being promoted aggressively all over the world.
Various governments are encouraging people to switch to EVs by incentivizing the
transition. Previous studies indicate that the high cost of the electric car, non-
availability of charging infrastructure, time and range anxiety act as impediments
to consumer adoption. The Government of India has given a call for ‘only Electric
Vehicles’ on Road by 2030. This article is contemporary and examines the
different factors that affect a consumer’s adoption of an EV. The respondents of
the study are existing car owners in India. The data were analysed using Structured
Equation Modeling (SEM). Attitude (ATT) emerged as a strong mediator,
influencing the adoption of electric cars.
 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

Introduction:

India is making significant strides in the relinquishment of electric vehicles( EVs).

Let’s cave into the details State of the Indian EV Ecosystem India is one of the
world’s largest requests for two- and three- wheeled vehicles, ranking among the
global top five for private buses and marketable vehicles. In FY2022, a stunning
455,733 EV units were vended, and as of July 2022, electric vehicles are on Indian
roads . The Indian government has created instigation through schemes like the
National Electric Mobility Mission Plan( NEMMP), which encourages EV
relinquishment and aims to reduce dependence on crude oil painting. Ambitious
Targets By 2030, India aims for an EV blend that includes 30 penetration.
programs like the Faster Relinquishment and Manufacturing of( mongrel &)
Electric Vehicles( FAME) scheme grease lesser relinquishment. Reduction in
customs duty and levies for lithium- ion batteries further boosts domestic
production. Global Impact India’s success in EV relinquishment will have a
significant, positive impact on the rest of the world.

The over-a-century-old automobile industry is gearing up for transformation. The

fossil fuel price spike and the impact of its emission on the environment have
called for a change in individual transportation habits. The sector, propelled by
internal combustion engines, is gravitating gradually towards electric vehicles
(EVs).
Electric motors propel the EVs and the rechargeable battery or other portable
energy storage device maintains power supply. These vehicles are energy efficient,
generating less greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reduced noise. The different
categories of EVs are as follows:
HEV: Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are powered by fuel and electricity and
have an engine and an electric motor. Electricity generated by the braking system
charges the battery.
PHEV: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are like HEV except that they
have a small engine and larger batteries. The batteries recharging is either by the
braking system or by plugging into an external electric charging point.
BEV: They have no engine and they use electric motors for propulsion with
batteries as the energy storage device. They depend on external power points for
charging the battery. These vehicles are also known as plug-in vehicles, EVs or the
battery electric vehicles (BEVs).
 OBJECTIVES

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

In India, EVs are scarce on the road and aren't available readily in the request.
Implicit adopters druggies of EVs may have noway indeed seen, driven or charged
similar vehicles. People have limited familiarity with the characteristics of these
vehicles.

The data collection was done through a structured questionnaire. The developed
instrument contained information on constructs and their ingredients. The designed
questionnaire had two parts. The first part concentrated on the data related to
demographic characteristics of the respondents this covered gender, age, education,
household income and buses in the household. The alternate part of the
questionnaire measures the model variables. There was one dependent, four
independent and the interceding variable. The airman study had 26 items for 6 test
variables. The revised list had 22 items grounded on the airman test and depending
on felicity. There are six constructs; four are independent, one middleman and one
dependent variable. The final instrument had 19 items measuring the input
variables. The items measured the BI to borrow.
NEED OF STUDY
 LIMITATIONS OF STUDY

Limitations :

Tata Motors Ltd, while a leader in India’s electric vehicle (EV) market, faces several
challenges:
 Competition: With the entry of global players like Tesla and the rise of other local
manufacturers, Tata Motors is facing increased competition, especially in the luxury EV
segment.
 Infrastructure: Scaling up EV production and sales is challenging due to insufficient
infrastructure for charging and shortages of electronic components for manufacturing.
 Product Life Cycle: The company has previously struggled with extending the product
life cycle of its models, which could impact its ability to innovate and keep up with
market dynamics.
 Safety Perception: Initial safety and reliability issues have created a stigma, although
this perception is changing as Tata Motors improves its safety standards.

These limitations highlight the dynamic and challenging nature of the EV market in
India.
 CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW
 CHAPTER-3
Company profile
TATA MOTORS LTD :
Tata Motors Limited is an Indian multinational automotive company, headquartered
in Mumbai and part of the Tata Group. Here are some key points about Tata Motors:

1. Corporate Overview:
o Tata Motors Group is a leading global automobile manufacturer.
o It offers a wide and diverse portfolio of cars, sports utility vehicles, trucks, buses, and
defense vehicles.
o Operations span across India, the UK, South Korea, South Africa, China, Brazil, Austria, and
Slovakia through a strong global network of subsidiaries, associate companies, and joint
ventures.
o Notable subsidiaries include Jaguar Land Rover in the UK and Tata Daewoo in South Korea.
2. Business Segments:
o Commercial Vehicles (CV): Tata Motors offers a range of CVs from sub-1 tonne to 55-tonne
GVW trucks, buses, and coaches.
o Passenger Vehicles (PV): The NEW FOREVER range exemplifies the IMPACT 2.0 design
language across cars and utility vehicles.
o Electric Mobility: Tata Motors actively shapes the electric mobility landscape in India.
3. Vision and Mission:
o Vision: By FY 2024, Tata Motors aims to become the most aspirational Indian auto brand,
consistently delivering superior financial returns and sustainable mobility solutions.
o Mission: Innovate mobility solutions with passion, exceed customer expectations, and create a
highly engaged workforce.
4. Jaguar Land Rover (JLR):
o JLR, part of Tata Motors Group since 2008, is a global automotive manufacturer.
o Driven by a desire to deliver class-leading vehicles, JLR focuses on sustainable, smart mobility
through its vision called “Destination Zero” (zero emissions, zero accidents, zero congestion).

Tata Motors has a rich history, from its locomotive manufacturing roots to its current
position as a major player in the automotive industry.

Tata Motors has established itself as a leader in the electric vehicle (EV) market in India,
with a strong commitment to sustainability and innovation. Here’s a profile of their EV
business:
 Leadership in EV Market: Tata Motors is India’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, holding
about 75% of the market share.
 Product Portfolio: Their popular EV models include the Nexon EV, which receives around 3,500
orders a month.
 Commitment to Sustainability: The company is dedicated to leading the way in design,
performance, and sustainability, aiming to enhance the quality of life through their EVs.
 Charging Infrastructure: Tata Motors is enhancing the EV experience with a growing network
of charging stations and options across India.
Vision for the Future: With a vision called “Destination Zero,” Tata Motors strives for zero
emissions, zero accidents, and zero congestion.

Tata Motors is at the forefront of the electric vehicle (EV) revolution in India, with a
commitment to enhancing the quality of life and leading the way in design,
performance, and sustainability. Here’s more about their EV offerings:
 Range of Electric Vehicles: Tata Motors has a diverse range of electric vehicles,
including:
o Nexon EV: Starting from ₹14.49 Lakh*, it’s a game-changer in the EV market with a stunning
design and superior cabin comfort.
o Tiago EV: Flaunting style and exciting features, it starts from ₹7.99 Lakh* .
o Tigor EV: Offering more tech and luxury, it starts from ₹12.49 Lakh* .
o Punch EV: A versatile compact SUV starting from ₹10.99 Lakh* .
 Charging Network: With over 8000+ charging stations across India, Tata Motors
ensures a seamless charging experience. They also provide 24x7 emergency charging
support in five cities.
 Savings and Sustainability: Switching to Tata Motors’ EVs can lead to significant fuel
cost savings and a reduction in CO2 emissions, contributing to environmental
sustainability.
 Innovation and Vision: Tata Motors continues to innovate with passion, driving the
future of mobility with their electric vehicles.

*Prices indicated are Ex-showroom prices and are subject to change without prior
information at the discretion of TPEML. Contact your nearest Tata Motors dealer for
exact prices.

Tata Motors Limited is an Indian multinational automotive company,

headquartered in Mumbai and part of the Tata Group. The company
produces cars, trucks, vans, and busses.
Subsidiaries include British Jaguar Land Rover and South Korean Tata Daewoo.
Tata Motors has joint ventures with Hitachi (Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery)
and Stellantis, which makes vehicle parts for Fiat Chrysler and Tata-branded
vehicles. On 12 October 2021, private equity firm TPG invested $1 billion in Tata
Motors' electric vehicle subsidiary.
Tata Motors has auto manufacturing and vehicle plants
in Jamshedpur, Pantnagar, Lucknow, Sanand, Dharwad, and Pune in India, as well
as in Argentina, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and Thailand. It has research
and development centers in Pune, Jamshedpur, Lucknow, Dharwad, India
and South Korea, the United Kingdom, and Spain. Tata Motors is listed on
the BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange), where it is a constituent of the BSE
SENSEX index, the National Stock Exchange of India, and the New York Stock
Exchange. The company is ranked 265th on the Fortune Global 500 list of the
world's biggest corporations as of 2019.[8]
On 17 January 2017, Natarajan Chandrasekaran was appointed chairman of the
company Tata Group. Tata Motors increased its UV market share to over 8% in
FY2019.

Tata Motors was founded in 1945, as a locomotive manufacturer. Tata

Group entered the commercial vehicle sector in 1954 after forming a joint
venture with Daimler-Benz of Germany in which Tata developed a manufacturing
facility in Jamshedpur for Daimler lorries. By November 1954 Tata and Daimler
manufactured their first goods carrier chassis at their Jamshedpur plant with 90-
100 hp and capacity of 3-5 tons. After years of dominating the commercial
vehicle market in India, Tata Motors entered the passenger vehicle market in 1991
by launching the Tata Sierra, a sport utility vehicle based on the Tata
Mobile platform. Tata subsequently launched the Tata Estate (1992; a station
wagon design based on the earlier Tata Mobile), the Tata Sumo (1994, a 5-door
SUV) and the Tata Safari (1998).
Tata Indica (first generation)

Tata launched the Indica in 1998. A newer version of the car, named Indica V2,
later appeared. Tata Motors also exported cars to South Africa.
In the 2000s, Tata Motors made a series of acquisitions and partnerships,
acquiring Daewoo's South Korea-based truck manufacturing unit, a joint venture
with the Brazil-based Marcopolo, Tata Marcopolo Bus, Jaguar Land
Rover., Hispano Carrocera, and an 80% stake in the Italian design and engineering
company Trilix.
Electric vehicles:
Tata Motors has unveiled electric versions of the Tata Indica passenger car
powered by TM4 electric motors and inverters, as well as the Tata Ace commercial
vehicle, both of which run on lithium batteries which launched in 2022.
In 2008 Tata Motors' UK subsidiary, Tata Motors European Technical Centre,
bought a 50.3% holding in electric vehicle technology firm Miljøbil
Greenland/Innovasjon of Norway for US$1.93 million, and planned to launch the
electric Indica hatchback in Europe the following year. In September 2010, Tata
Motors presented four CNG–Electric Hybrid low-floored Starbuses to the Delhi
Transport Corporation, to be used during the 2010 Commonwealth Games. These
were the first environmentally friendly buses to be used for public transportation in
India.
In December 2019, Tata Motors unveiled the Nexon EV, an SUV with a 30.2KWh
lithium-ion battery and a consistent range of 312 km on a single charge. It is also
equipped with fast charging technology, which can charge the vehicle from 0% -
80% in 60 minutes. With 525 units of Nexon EV sold in India last month, Tata
Nexon EV was the best-selling electric car in the month of April 2021 in India.
Tata Passenger Electric Mobility is a subsidiary which produces electric cars
under the brand name Tata Motors.
List of Tata electric vehicles:
 Tata Nexon EV
 Tata Tigor EV
 Tata Altroz EV
 Tata Tiago EV
 Tata Ace EV
 Tata Punch EV
If there is a phoenix in the Indian automobile market, it is undoubtedly Tata
Motors. Once written off by large multitudes of India’s car buyers, after it
struggled with product refreshments and its perception as a fleet taxi operator,
the Mumbai-headquartered automaker has scripted a fairytale turnaround in
the past few years. Today, it is India’s third-largest carmaker, cornering 10
percent of the market share, up from a paltry 4.8 percent in 2020.

The stellar turnaround in sales has meant that the market capitalisation of the
automaker, which also owns the iconic Jaguar Land Rover, has nearly
quadrupled in the past year, even as India’s automobile industry grappled with
an economic slowdown and lockdowns over the past 18 months. As of October,
Tata Motors had a market capitalisation of Rs 1.62 lakh crore, up from Rs
43,800 crore last October. During the same period, the Sensex, the benchmark
index of the BSE, grew by nearly 50 percent from 39,749.85 points to 59,252
points. And there seems to be no stopping the Tata Motors juggernaut.
Between July and September, sales of the 76-year-old automaker grew by a
staggering 50 percent, led largely by a 193 percent growth in the company’s
electric vehicle (EV) portfolio, comprising the popular Nexon EV and Tata
Tigor EV. During that time, Tata Motors sold 2,700 units of its EVs, compared
to some 900 units in the year ago period.

Those numbers mean that the company controls as much as 75 percent of the
domestic EV market in India, especially since other manufacturers are yet to
jump on to the electric vehicle bandwagon. Barring Hyundai, which offers the
Hyundai Kona, several manufacturers, including India’s largest carmaker,
Maruti Suzuki, and Toyota are yet to make EV offerings in India even as
10,000 electric vehicles manufactured by Tata Motors ply the Indian roads.

That’s also perhaps why it came as no surprise when over the past month, a
subsidiary being set up by the company became India’s most valuable EV
company, after raising $1 billion from private equity major TPG Rise Climate.
The deal values the yet-to-be operational subsidiary at over $9 billion and the
capital infusion is expected around March next year. Tata Motors will also
invest $2 billion into the subsidiary over the next five years.
The new company, Tata Motors believes, will leverage all the existing
investments and capabilities of the parent company in addition to
channelising all the future investments into electric vehicles and dedicated
battery vehicle platforms and technologies, among others. Over the next five
years, the company will also create a portfolio of 10 EVs while also partnering
with Tata Power to create charging infrastructure to help with early adoption.
“This is a big opportunity to lead the charge in this space (EV) and go about
creating 10 products, and also create the ecosystem around it so that the
aspiration of driving growth in electrification does not suffer because of lack of
ecosystem,” Shailesh Chandra, president of Tata Motors’ passenger vehicle
segment, tells Forbes India. Chandra, who took over as president of the
passenger vehicle business in 2020, had earlier been the head of the EV
division, and has been instrumental in turning around the automaker’s
fortunes over the past few years.
A large part of the turnaround, of course, is largely on the back of the
increased sales of four vehicles that have now become the mainstay of the
carmaker. Together, they form part of what Tata Motors calls the ‘New
Forever’ range of vehicles, which boast high safety standards, better engine
performance, and driving pleasure, aesthetic design, and rich features, in
comparison to some of their previous models.

“Our focus over the past 18 months has been to ensure that we are able to get
the rightful volumes for the products that we have created and everything else
is consequential,” Chandra adds. That means, from monthly sales of some
5,000 units of its Tata Nexon and 700 units of Tata Harrier a few years ago,
sales have jumped almost three times in some cases over the last year.

“Tata is a leading player in the EV business with more than 70 percent market
share and at the forefront of indigenous EV efforts while expecting green
vehicles to generate 20 percent of their total sales in the next four to five
years,” Harshvardhan Sharma, head of auto retail practice at Nomura
Research Institute Consulting, says. “In that capacity, this seems like a
prudent vision to create a subsidiary which is insulated from conventional
business operations for structural and operational efficiency reasons. As this
subsidiary will be asset-light and as we understand the investments will align
towards creating intellectual properties such as new vehicle designs and
platforms in the EV space, this makes it a good fit from a business autonomy,
flexibility, and pace of operations perspective.”

The big leap

Much of the group’s foray into the EV business began in 2017.

That year, Tata was selected as a winner by the government-owned Energy

Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) to sell some 10,000 EVs to the
government. Tata Motors bid Rs 10.16 lakh per vehicle for 500 cars in the first
phase of the government’s electric mobility mission. “At Tata Motors, we keep
working on technologies and are quite ahead when a technology can be
commercialised,” says Chandra. “Therefore, we had been working on electric
vehicles primarily at the Tata Motors European Technical Center from the
early parts of the last decade.”

The early part of the last decade saw the then-Manmohan Singh government
announce the National Electric Mobility Mission which had aimed
to transform the country’s EV penetration. That was followed by the highly
popular FAME (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and EV)
scheme to incentivise the production and promotion of EVs. Currently in its
second phase—which runs until March 2022—it has an outlay of Rs 10,000
crore. The scheme is extended to cover electric two-wheelers, three-wheelers,
and buses among others.

“In 2015, FAME was introduced for the first time. But the outlay was very
small,” Chandra says. “And still the direction was not clear whether it would
be the pure battery-electric vehicle route or whether it would be hybrid. All
those debates were on at that point in time.”

By 2016, with the global trend moving towards reducing carbon emissions,
and countries attempting to follow the Paris Climate accord, the global
automobile industry had also begun tilting towards a battery-led EV play.
India is a signatory to the Paris Climate Agreement, which means that the
country needs to reduce its carbon emissions by around 35 percent of its 2005
levels by 2030.

“Unlike many countries, there was a bigger national imperative for the country
given that we had 14 out of the 15 most polluted cities in the world,” Chandra
says. “And our dependence on imports of oil is very high. There is also an
energy security issue from a geopolitical perspective which was also pushing
the government.” At that time, India was also in the midst of a transition to
more stringent norms on emissions, which had meant that automakers were
investing a significant amount of money in the transition.

The big push

The company’s first offering in the private vehicle segment was the Tata Tigor
EV, with a range of 213 kilometres on a single charge at a price of Rs 9.44 lakh.
The older version of Tigor EV had a range of 142 kilometres but was largely
sold only to EESL. The car came equipped with a 21.5 kWh battery pack and
two charging ports for fast charging as well as slow charging.

By 2020, however, Tata was ready with a coup of sorts. The company
unleashed the electric variant of the wildly popular Tata Nexon, priced at
around Rs 13.99 lakh and with a range of 312 kilometres. The Nexon was one
of the company’s highest-selling models, and the EV provided an opportunity
to test the market. The Nexon, which was launched in 2017, was envisaged as a
bridge vehicle as the company undertook a restructuring of its product
platforms. Platforms are design architectures that include the underfloor,
engine compartment, and frame of a vehicle.

“We did a survey, and it came out that the minimum range that a customer is
looking for to avoid range anxiety is 200 kilometres,” Chandra says. “That
means a certified range has to go above 300 kilometres or so. At the same
time, the customer is not willing to give more than 25 percent premium.” That
meant that the company’s best bet was the Nexon, which was retailing
between Rs 7 lakh and Rs 12 lakh. “If you have to give a 300-kilometre battery
pack in a Tiago, the cost will be the same, but the premium will be high.”

In September this year, the company announced that it had sold 10,000 EVs
in the country. “The extent of bookings that we are getting is between 3,500
and 4,000,” Chandra says. “Last year, we had been ramping up supplies. At
the start of this financial year, we were supplying around 600 vehicles which
grew to 1,000 and then 1,100. We are now approaching closer to 1,500
supplies per month.” In addition, the company has also launched the XPRES T
electric sedan, an exclusive vehicle option for fleet customers. “We have a 100
percent market share there,” adds Chandra.

“India’s EV revolution ideally should have been led by Maruti Suzuki as it’s the
largest player,” says Puneet Gupta, director for automotive forecasting at
market research firm IHS Markit. “Instead, it is Tata Motors which is leading
the revolution and is likely to be followed by Mahindra. Globally there is a
paradigm shift underway when it comes to decarbonising the mobility sector
and the Tatas clearly have a first-mover advantage. The ongoing pandemic has
changed people’s mindset and that means Tata’s first-mover advantage will
pay off.”
Then, as part of its plan to bring in wider adoption, the group has built Tata
UniEVerse, an ecosystem that will leverage group synergies, where several
Tata companies have come together to provide EV solutions to consumers.
The company has partnered with Tata Power to provide end-to-end charging
solutions at home, the workplace, and public charging facilities. Under this
partnership, the company has installed fast-charging stations in metros,
including Mumbai, Delhi, Pune, Bengaluru and Hyderabad, in addition to
chargers on highways. So far, Tata Power has set up 1,000 EV charging
stations across India in some 180 cities.

The company has also tied up with Tata Chemicals in its attempt to build a
component supplier ecosystem and manufacture lithium-ion battery cells, in
addition to looking at active chemical manufacturing and battery recycling.

“The current technology and range specs are quite evolved frankly,” Sharma of
Nomura says. “We must keep in mind that these products have undergone
much evolution since the introduction and Tata has been listening patiently to
market feedback and hence the technology is fairly acceptable. Regarding
range, there’s always going to be a difference between test conditions and real-
world usage owing to climate, driving patterns, and terrains, but frankly,
anything beyond 200 kilometres is good enough in the current scenario
pragmatically.”
Introduction
The over-a-century-old automobile industry is gearing up for transformation. The fossil fuel price
spike and the impact of its emission on the environment have called for a change in individual
transportation habits. The sector, propelled by internal combustion engines, is gravitating
gradually towards electric vehicles (EVs).

Electric motors propel the EVs and the rechargeable battery or other portable energy storage
device maintains power supply. These vehicles are energy efficient, generating less greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions and reduced noise. The different categories of EVs are as follows:

HEV: Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are powered by fuel and electricity and have an engine
and an electric motor. Electricity generated by the braking system charges the battery.

PHEV: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are like HEV except that they have a small
engine and larger batteries. The batteries recharging is either by the braking system or by
plugging into an external electric charging point.

BEV: They have no engine and they use electric motors for propulsion with batteries as the
energy storage device. They depend on external power points for charging the battery. These
vehicles are also known as plug-in vehicles, EVs or the battery electric vehicles (BEVs).

The transportation sector contributes about a quarter of GHG emissions. Automobiles are the
primary source of GHG emission world over with China emitting 25.9 per cent, the USA 13.87
per cent followed by India 7.45 per cent.

The Eighth Clean Energy Ministerial in 2016, in its campaign, adopted the slogan ‘The
EV30@30’. The member countries reaffirmed their commitment to EV adoption. The aim was to
attain a total market share of 30 per cent for EVs, with 10 per cent market share for the
respective categories, namely passenger cars, light commercial vehicles, buses and trucks by
2030 (IEA, 2016).

India’s commitment to containing pollution and reducing carbon footprint is also increasing. The
country prepares to shift towards EVs by 2030. The government desires the car manufacturers
to migrate to EV production, which will curtail the oil bill by US$60 billion, cut emissions by 37
per cent and reduce the dependence on the imports of fuel, thus acting as a shield from
vulnerability against crude prices and currency fluctuations.

The government is examining the battery swapping option model to overcome the challenges in
EV adoption. The swapping model was introduced in Israel and China met with partial success.
The challenges are the battery size and power. These may vary according to
manufacturer/models (e.g., Maruti Alto and Honda City). This complicated situation under this
model demands a similar vehicle design to accommodate the same battery, which is difficult to
achieve. Another alternative could be battery leasing that could reduce the ownership cost.
However, the easy availability of charging points across different places in a city remains a
significant challenge yet unresolved.

The shift towards EVs in India is imperative in the near future, though not imminent. Several
cities are victims of unplanned urbanization and high pollution. They suffer unqualified
degradation, with vehicular emission as the primary source.

Figure 1 indicates the projection for EVs for a few of the leading nations.
Figure 1. Projection of Electric Vehicles

Source: Adopted from Bloomberg Opinion. (Colour Online)

The Government of India has announced that all cars need to be electric by 2030. Society of
Indian Automobile Manufacturer (SIAM, 2017) followed this with their white paper stating that
EVs would make up 40 per cent of new car sales by 2030 and 100 per cent by 2047. This
milestone date coincides with 100 years of the country’s independence.
 The transportation sector contributes about a quarter of GHG emissions.
Automobiles are the primary source of GHG emission world over with China
emitting 25.9 per cent, the USA 13.87 per cent followed by India 7.45 per cent.
The Eighth Clean Energy Ministerial in 2016, in its campaign, adopted the slogan
‘The EV30@30’. The member countries reaffirmed their commitment to EV
adoption. The aim was to attain a total market share of 30 per cent for EVs, with 10
per cent market share for the respective categories, namely passenger cars, light
commercial vehicles, buses and trucks by 2030 (IEA, 2016).
India’s commitment to containing pollution and reducing carbon footprint is also
increasing. The country prepares to shift towards EVs by 2030. The government
desires the car manufacturers to migrate to EV production, which will curtail the
oil bill by US$60 billion, cut emissions by 37 per cent and reduce the dependence
on the imports of fuel, thus acting as a shield from vulnerability against crude
prices and currency fluctuations.
The government is examining the battery swapping option model to overcome the
challenges in EV adoption. The swapping model was introduced in Israel and
China met with partial success. The challenges are the battery size and power.
These may vary according to manufacturer/models (e.g., Maruti Alto and Honda
City). This complicated situation under this model demands a similar vehicle
design to accommodate the same battery, which is difficult to achieve. Another
alternative could be battery leasing that could reduce the ownership cost. However,
the easy availability of charging points across different places in a city remains a
significant challenge yet unresolved.
The shift towards EVs in India is imperative in the near future, though not
imminent. Several cities are victims of unplanned urbanization and high pollution.
They suffer unqualified degradation, with vehicular emission as the primary
source.

NEED OF STUDY:

Certainly! Tata Motors, a prominent Indian automaker, has been making significant
strides in the electric vehicle (EV) domain. Let’s delve into the reasons behind the need
for studying Tata Motors’ efforts in this area:
1. **Revolution in the Indian Automobile Sector:
o Tata Motors has undergone a remarkable turnaround, reclaiming a 10% share of the passenger
vehicle market. This achievement is particularly impressive considering the challenges faced by
the automobile industry during the pandemic.
o The company’s market capitalization has nearly quadrupled in the past year, making it one of
India’s most valuable automakers.
o Despite this success, Tata Motors remains proactive, recognizing the need to prepare for an
impending EV revolution in India.
2. **Leadership in Electric Vehicles:
o Tata Motors currently holds the title of India’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer,
commanding approximately 75% of the market.
o Their Nexon EV has gained immense popularity, receiving around 3,500 orders per month.
o In September, Tata Motors’ subsidiary secured a $1 billion investment from private equity
major TPG Rise Climate, valuing the subsidiary at over $9 billion. Additional capital infusion is
expected in March next year.
o The company plans to invest $2 billion into the subsidiary over the next five years.
3. **Tata UniEVerse Ecosystem:
o Tata Motors is building the Tata UniEVerse, an ecosystem that leverages group synergies.
o Multiple Tata companies will collaborate to provide comprehensive EV solutions, aiming to
enhance EV adoption in India.
4. **Global Trends and Commitments:
o The push toward electric vehicles aligns with global trends. At COP26, several national
governments and major automakers pledged to phase out sales of new gasoline and diesel-
powered vehicles by 2040 worldwide (and by 2035 in leading markets).

In summary, Tata Motors’ proactive approach, leadership in EVs, and commitment to

sustainable mobility make it a compelling subject for study and analysis