Prac Maths

Geometry is Easy
Grade 8,9 & 10
Set by / Opgestel deur

Se e lige r ~ M ou to n

Geometry is Easy Grade 8,9 & 10 ~ CAPS

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Geometry is Easy Grade 8,9 &10 ____

Geometry is Easy

Important information

This workbook has been specifically written to help grade 8, 9 and 10 learners develop clear insight into
the logical development of geometry.

Just like the study of algebra rests upon the knowledge of sets of numbers and certain Basic Laws, the
study of geometry rests upon working with sets of points and certain Basis Laws called Axioms. Axioms
are obvious truths that require no proof.

For example: The first two axioms are:

Line axiom: Exactly one line can be drawn through any two points.
Line intersection axiom: Two distinct lines intersect in exactly one point.

Axioms are used to prove the first theorems, on which proofs of further theorems are built.
For example:
Theorem 1 states: If two lines intersect, the sum of any pair of adjacent angles is 180.
Theorem 2 states: If two lines intersect, the vertically opposite sides are equal.

The most important reason for studying geometry is its great value in developing reasoning skills.

The structured exercises in this book, firstly ensure that the learners establish a thorough knowledge of
the definitions and terms when dealing with the size, shape and position of lines, line segments and
angles. Secondly the learners apply their knowledge to solve problems involving geometry language and
reasons by doing calculations.

Finally in grade 9 and 10 learners learn to use deductive reasoning to solve problems. Each step of a
deliberation which cannot be directly deduced from a previous step must be answered with a reason.
Examples have been provided to illustrate logical reasoning and methodical setting out of solutions.

It is important that learners thoroughly examine the structure of each given figure before proceeding to
answer the questions.

For example:

1) See whether the figure consists of straight lines only or of closed polygons.
A B
2) I see a quadrilateral, a diagonal and 2 triangles.
AB is parallel to DC but AD is not parallel to BC.

D C

3) I see 3 triangles.

In the pilot study, with minimum assistance from the tutor, the grade 8 learners who completed sections
A to D2, and the grade 9 learners who completed sections A to G showed great improvement in their
knowledge and reasoning skills. The above average grade 10 learners only completed the grade 10
sections A to G. The weak grade 10 learners completed both the grade 8 and 9 sections and then the grade
10 sections A to G.

System Maths ©
Geometry is Easy Grade 8,9 &10 ____

Both grade 10 groups showed a dramatic improvement in self-confidence, enjoyment, concentration and
reasoning skills. These learners will not have any unnecessary fears about studying grade 11 and 12
geometry.

System Maths ©
Geometry is Easy Grade 8,9 & 10 ________________________

Grade 8, 9 & 10 Geometry

Contents
Section Topic Page Page
Questions Answers
Grade 8 & 9
A Naming and measuring angles 1 1
B Calculations involving pairs of angles 6 1
C1 Properties of sides and angles of triangles 14 2
C2 Congruent and similar triangles 22 4
D1 Classification of quadrilaterals 28 4
D2 Interior angles of polygons 32 5

Grade 9
E Congruent triangles 33 5
F Similar figures 41 7
G Mixed questions 44 8
Grade 10

A Revision of angle relationships 47 9

B Reasoning exercises 51 11
C Using reasoning skills to solve geometry problems 52 11
D Using congruency to solve geometry problems 54 12
E The mid-point theorem and its converse 59 13
F Calculations involving the properties of quadrilaterals 62 14
G Using the properties of quadrilaterals to solve geometry problems 66 15

Seeliger ~ Mouton

P O Box 95533
Waterkloof 0145
Pretoria

Congratulations, you are on your way to success in Maths!

Learners say – “The books work!!!

© Copyright reserved
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 1

Grade 8 ~ Geometry

NB: Diagrams are not drawn to scale.

A. Naming and measuring angles

1. A a) ˆ or just B.
The name of the angle is ABC ˆ
The symbol used to denote angle is “ " " or " ".
B is the vertex of the angle.
B Rays BA and BC, that have a common end-point B, are called the
C arms or sides of the angle.

b) The size of an angle is determined by the amount of turning, about the vertex, between the
arms of the angle and not by the lengths of the arms. The size of an angle is measured in
degrees. A protractor is used to measure the size of an angle.

2. Examine the picture of a protractor carefully.

The outer scale

The zero line The inner scale

A

How to measure the size of an angle.

a) Place centre point (marked A) on the vertex of the angle and

b) the zero line along one of the arms of the angle.
c) Where the curved edge of the protractor cuts across the other arm of the angle, the
reading is taken on the outer or inner scale, depending on the direction in which the
rotation has taken place.

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 2

3.

Write down the size of each of the following angles.

a) DBˆ C = __________ b) EBˆ C = __________ c) FBˆ C = __________ d) ABˆ F = __________

e) GBˆ C = __________ f) GBˆ A = ___________ g) HBˆ A = __________ h) ABˆ E = __________

4. Kinds of angles.

T T T

0o  Tˆ  90o T̂ = 90o 90o  Tˆ  180o

acute angle right angle obtuse angle

T T

T̂ = 180o 180o  Tˆ  360o T̂ = 360o

straight angle reflex angle revolution

5. Write down what kind of angle it is, if the size of the angle is:

a) 20o __________________ b) 105o ________________

o o
c) 180 __________________ d) 300 ________________
e) 90o __________________ f) 270o ________________
g) 170o __________________ h) 330o ________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 3

6. Complete if the size of the angle is xo.

Diagram Kind of angle Size of angle

a)
x=
x

b)
x 0° < x < 90°
c)

x
d)
x

e)
x
•
f)
x

7. M
N

2 3
1 4
A P B

Measure the given angles and complete the table. If necessary you should lengthen the rays.

Angle Size Kind of angle

P̂1

P̂4

P̂3

ˆ
APN
ˆ
APR
ˆ
BPN

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 4

8. Pairs of angles.

B In the diagram there are 3 angles with vertex A.

ˆ (A
The angles are BAC ˆ ), CAE
ˆ (A ˆ ) and BAE
ˆ (A ˆ +A
ˆ ).
1 2 1 2

a) A 1 ˆ ˆ
A and A are called adjacent angles because they have the
1 2
2 C same vertex A, a common arm AC and lie on opposite side
of AC.

A
b) B Delete are / are not to make correct statements.
Pˆ1 and Pˆ2 are / are not adjacent angles.
1
P4 2 Pˆ and Pˆ are / are not adjacent angles.
1 3
3
C Pˆ1 and Pˆ4 are / are not adjacent angles.
D Pˆ3 and Pˆ4 are / are not adjacent angles.
Pˆ and Pˆ are / are not adjacent angles.
2 4

c)
If Aˆ = 110o and B ˆ +B
ˆ = 70o , A ˆ =180.ˆ Then Aˆ and B
ˆ are called supplementary angles.
ˆ and B
 is the supplement of B ˆ
ˆ is the supplement of A.

d) ˆ +B
B ˆ is a straight angle.
ˆ = 180o because ABC
1 2

ˆ and B
B ˆ are adjacent angles.
1 2 1 2

A B C ˆ and B
Thus B ˆ are called adjacent supplementary angles.
1 2

e) ˆ = 90o . Then Pˆ and Tˆ are called complementary angles.

If Pˆ = 20o and Tˆ = 70o , Pˆ + T
P̂ is the complement of T̂ and T̂ is the complement of P̂.
A
f) Pˆ1 + Pˆ2 = 90 because APC
o ˆ is a right angle. B
2
Pˆ1 and Pˆ2 are adjacent angles. C 1 P
Thus Pˆ1 and Pˆ2 are called adjacent complementary angles.

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 5

9. C
B
1
3
2

1
3 2 2
F
1 A
D E 4 3

G
Look at the above figure and list:

a) 2 right angles _____________________

b) 2 obtuse angles _____________________
c) 7 acute angles ___________________________________
d) 3 straight angles ___________________________________
e) 2 pairs of adjacent complementary angles ___________________________________
f) 5 pairs of adjacent supplementary angles ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

10. Complete:

a) Pˆ and K
ˆ are complementary angles if __________________________________
b) Pˆ and K
ˆ are supplementary angles if __________________________________
c) ˆ +D
C ˆ = 30o  D
ˆ = 90o and C ˆ = __________________________________
d) ˆ +D
C ˆ = 130o  D
ˆ = 180o and C ˆ = __________________________________
e) ˆ B
A+ ˆ is the ________________________________________ of B.
ˆ = 90o means, A ˆ

f) ˆ +N
M ˆ = 180o means, M
ˆ is the ______________________________________ of N.
ˆ

11. Complete:
The complement of: 80o = _____________________ , 20o = _____________________ ,
xo = _____________________ , 90 – xo = __________________ .

12. Complete:
The supplement of: 80o = _____________________ , 20o = _____________________ ,
xo = _____________________ , 90 – xo = __________________ .

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 6

13. B C

Will MAN be a straight line if:

1 2 3
M A N

a) ˆ = 30o , A
A ˆ = 70o & A
ˆ = 68o? Yes / No because ______________________
1 2 3

b) ˆ = 62o & BAN

A ˆ = 118o? Yes / No because ______________________
1

c) ˆ = 144o & A
MAC ˆ = 40o? Yes / No because ______________________
3

d) ˆ
Â1 is the supplement of BAC? Yes / No because ______________________
e)  2 is the complement of  3? Yes / No because ______________________

B. Calculations by inspection. Give a reason for each answer.

Example 1: D

x 80o x = 100o ˆ is str. )

(adj. suppl. s or ABC
A B C

Example 2: E D

ˆ is str. )
x = 95o ( ABC 20o x 65o
A B C

1. a) b)

20o x 110o x x x
A B C A B C

x = ________ (___________________) x = ________ (___________________)

c) d) A B C
2x 3x x

110o x x
A B C

2x = ________o (___________________) 6x = ________o (___________________)

x = ________o x = ________o

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 7

2. a) b) Study:
Tˆ1 + Tˆ 2 = 180o (adj. suppl. s)
1
4 2 T Tˆ3 + Tˆ 2 = 180o (adj. suppl. s)
3

 Tˆ1 = Tˆ 3

Because of their positions: We have shown that vertically opposite

Tˆ & Tˆ are called vertically opposite angles.
1 3 are equal.
Tˆ 2 & Tˆ 4 are called vertically opposite angles.

3. a) A B C T̂1 = ________ (vert. opp. s)

2 3 T̂2 = ________ (vert. opp. s)

T 1 4
6 5 T̂3 = ________ (vert. opp. s)

F D ˆ = ________
ATC (vert. opp. s)

E ˆ = ________
BTD (vert. opp. s)

b) c)

2x 100o
x 1 P 1 2 P
2 30o 3
4

3x = ________ o (________________) P̂2 = ________ o (________________)

x = ________ o P̂4 = ________ o (________________)
P̂1 = ________ o (________________) P̂1 = ________ o (________________)
P̂2 = ________ o (________________) P̂3 = ________ o (________________)

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 8

4. a) A
M and N are the points of intersection
of AB and CD and AB and EF respectively.
C
M
Because of their positions: 2 1
3 4
i) ˆ and N
M ˆ are called corresponding angles.
1 1
D
Other pairs of corresponding angles are N
Mˆ &N ˆ ,M ˆ &N ˆ ,M
ˆ &N ˆ . 2 1
F
2 2 3 3 4 4 3 4
E

ˆ and N
ˆ are called alternate angles. B
ii) M 3 1

ˆ and N
M ˆ are also alternate angles.
4 2

iii) ˆ and N
M ˆ are called co-interior angles.
4 1

ˆ and N
M ˆ are also co-interior angles.
3 2

4. b) Complete: Because of their positions:

Pˆ1 & Pˆ3 are called _______________________

P
41 Pˆ1 & Pˆ2 are called _______________________
3 2
Pˆ2 & Tˆ 2 are called _______________________
Pˆ3 & Tˆ1 are called _______________________
4 1T Pˆ2 & Tˆ 4 are called _______________________
3 2 Pˆ2 & Tˆ1 are called _______________________
Pˆ3 & Tˆ 4 are called _______________________

c) By construction, we learn that at the points of intersection where a transversal intersects two
parallel lines:

i) the corresponding angles formed are equal.

ii) the alternate angles formed are equal.
iii) the co-interior angles formed are supplementary.

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 9

5. K
P B Parallel lines AB and CD are intersected by
1 2 transversal KM at P and T.
4 3

A D Complete for the following pairs of angles:

2 3 Example: Pˆ4 & Tˆ1 Pˆ4 = Tˆ1 (corr. s and AB || CD)

T
1 4 Pˆ4 & Tˆ3 Pˆ4 = Tˆ3 (alt. s and AB || CD)
C Pˆ4 & Tˆ 2 Pˆ4 + Tˆ 2  180o (co-int. s and AB || CD)

Pˆ1 and Tˆ 2 __________________________________________________________________

Pˆ3 and Tˆ 2 __________________________________________________________________
Pˆ3 and Tˆ 4 __________________________________________________________________
Pˆ3 and Tˆ 3 __________________________________________________________________
Pˆ3 and Pˆ1 __________________________________________________________________
Pˆ3 and Pˆ2 __________________________________________________________________
Pˆ2 and Tˆ 3 __________________________________________________________________

6. a) Mark the equal corresponding partner for “c”.

c c c

b) Mark the equal alternate partner for “a”.

a a a

c) Mark “s” the supplementary partner for “t”.

t t t

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 10

7. Fill in “=” or “” to make correct statements. Give a reason for each statement.

a) A B ˆ  B
e.g. D ˆ (alt. s but AD | | BC)
2 2

1 2
i) ˆ ___ D
B ˆ (______________________)
1 1

ii) ˆ B
C2 ___ B ˆ (______________________)
1 2

2 1 iii) ˆ +D
C ˆ +D
ˆ ___ 180o (________________)
1 1 2
1
D 2 C iv) ˆ +B
B ˆ ___ 180o (_________________)
ˆ +C
1 2 1

b) F
NB: ADH || FBC
A 1 B
E 1 2 2

D 2 2 1
1 C G

i) ˆ
D̂1 ___ A ( _____________________________________________)
2

ii) Eˆ 1 ___ B
ˆ
2 (______________________________________________)

iii) ˆ ___ D
A ˆ (_____________________________________________)
1 2

iv) ˆ
D̂1 ___ C (_____________________________________________)
2

v) ˆ
B̂2 ___ C (_____________________________________________)
1

vi) ˆ ___ D
C ˆ (_____________________________________________)
1 2

vii) ˆ +B
A ˆ ____ 180o ( ____________________________________________ )
2 2

viii) ˆ +D
A ˆ ____ 180o ( ____________________________________________ )
2 2

ix) ˆ ____ 180o

B̂2 + C ( ____________________________________________ )
2

x) ˆ ____ 180o
B̂2 + A ( ____________________________________________ )
2

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 11

8.
H

A D 2 3
2 1 4 P
1

1 2 1
2
R 3
C
B

Complete: T

a) Statement Reason b) Statement Reason

ˆ =C
A ˆ ˆ =C
D ˆ +C
ˆ
1 1 2 1 2

ˆ +A
A ˆ +Bˆ = 180o ˆ =A
D ˆ +A
ˆ
1 2 2 2 1 2

ˆ +A
A ˆ =Bˆ ˆ +D
D ˆ = 180o
1 2 1 2 1

ˆ +A
A ˆ +Dˆ = 180o ˆ =C
A ˆ
1 2 1 2 2

ˆ +B
B ˆ = 180o ˆ =D
D ˆ
1 2 2 4

ˆ +C
ˆ =C
B ˆ ˆ =C
D ˆ +C
ˆ
1 1 2 4 1 2

ˆ +C
C ˆ +Cˆ = 180o ˆ +D
D ˆ = 180o
1 2 3 2 3

9. Give a reason for each statement.

A C E
a) b) A B
30
P
60
C 30 D
70
60

35
T E F
B D F

AB || EF (________________________) AB || CD (___________________________)
CD  EF (________________________) AB  EF (___________________________)

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 12

c) M B d) A 50
B
70 D 110 
C D
A 70
F
110
C 130 
E F
E
N
AB || CD (_________________________) AB  CD (__________________________)

AB || EF (_________________________) AB || EF (__________________________)

10. Write down the reason for each statement.

a) D b) A

1 2
A B C 1 2
C B

ˆ +B
B ˆ = 180o (________________) ˆ +B
B ˆ = 90o (________________)
1 2 1 2

c) d)
P A B
1 2

C 1 D
Pˆ1 = Pˆ2 (__________________)
E

ˆ =A
C ˆ (_______________________)
1

e) f)
A B A B
1

1
C D C D

ˆ (_____________________)
B̂ = C ˆ (_____________________)
B̂ = C1

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 13

A
g) h) B
A 1 E
B 2 D
C 2 1
D
C 3

ˆ (______________________)
B̂1 = C ˆ =D
A ˆ (____________________)
3

ˆ = 180o (________________)
B̂2 + C ˆ =D
B ˆ (____________________)
2

A
11. Calculate the value of x and y.

a) A B b)
y y
40 C
B

x 70 72 E
x
D E D
C

x = ______(_____________________) x = ______(_________________________)

y = ______(_____________________) y = ______(_________________________)

c) d) A B
50 x
A 30 y B

T
30
C F
28 x
D C
y
D E
x = ______(______________________) x = ______(_________________________)

y = ______(______________________) y = ______(_________________________)

A F
60 y
e) f)
A B
y
2
E F B E
105 1

x x
C D C D

x = ______(_________________________) x = ______(_________________________)
Ĉ = _____(_________________________)
y = ______(_________________________) y = ______(_________________________)
Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 14

A
g) h)
x A B C
80 x D
F
y
40 E
70 F
y
B E G
C D

x = ______(________________________) x = ______(__________________________)

y = ______(________________________) y = ______(__________________________)

C 1. Triangles (Δs) Properties of triangles.

1. Triangles can be classified according to their angles or their sides.

a)

Acute-angled triangle Right-angled triangle Obtuse-angled triangle

b)

Scalene triangle Isosceles triangle Equilateral triangle

c)

Scalene obtuse-angled triangle Isosceles right-angled triangle Acute-angled

equilateral triangle

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 15

2. What kind of triangle is ΔDEF? D

a) D b)

E
E F F

______________________________ ______________________________
c) D d)

DE = EF = DF

E
______________________________ _____________________________

3. The sum of the interior angles of a triangle = 180o .

Calculate the value of x in each diagram.

Example: 3x + 60o = 180o (sum of s of Δ = 180o)

2 x+20 
3x = 120o
x = 40o
40
x

x
a) b)
40

x 3x

50 60

___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________

2x
c) x d)

x + 8

x - 20
x x

___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 16

4. a) In any triangle, the smallest angle is opposite the shortest side and the largest angle is
opposite the longest side.
b) In any triangle, the angles opposite equal sides are equal in size. Conversely, the sides
opposite equal angles in a triangle are equal in length.
c) A triangle can only be constructed if the sum of the lengths of any two sides is greater than
the length of the third side.
e.g. In ΔABC, AB = 6 cm, BC = 2 cm and AC = 8 cm means no triangle can be
constructed.

5. Name the smallest angle and the longest side in each of the following triangles.

a) b) P T c)
30 P
P
70

T
110 40 M
M
T M

Smallest angle Longest side

a)
b)
c)

6. Calculate the value of x and y.

B
x
D
Example:
a) x b)
D 50

30 y
B C y
C

x = 30o (s opp. equal sides of Δ) x = ______ (_________________________)

y = 120o (sum of s of Δ = 180o) y = ______ (_________________________)

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 17

A
B
c) d) y
y

40 x 20
C E
D B 84  D
20 
x
x = ______ (_______________________) C
y = ______ (_______________________) x = ______ (_________________________)
y = ______ (_________________________)

7. Calculate the value of x.

Example: C b) C

a) 70 x

E x
F

E 40 
F
Fˆ = Eˆ = xo (s opp. equal sides of Δ)
2x + 70o = 180o (sum of s of Δ = 180o) ˆ = _____ (_____________________)
Ê = C
2x = 110o ___________________________________
x = 55o ___________________________________
___________________________________

E
c) d) C
2x
x

20 F

128o
F
E

__________________________________ _________________________________
__________________________________ _________________________________
__________________________________ _________________________________
__________________________________ _________________________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 18

e) f)
C C
27

F 3x

E 35  5x F E

__________________________________ _________________________________
__________________________________ _________________________________
__________________________________ _________________________________
__________________________________ _________________________________

8. The exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the interior opposite angles.

1 2 2 B
D C 1

ˆ B
A, ˆ are the interior angles of ΔABC.
ˆ and C
2 2

ˆ are the exterior angles of ΔABC.

B̂1 and C1

ˆ =A
C ˆ +B ˆ +C
ˆ (ext.  of Δ) and B̂ = A ˆ (ext.  of Δ)
1 2 1 2

9. a)

1
B
Complete:
2
Â1  ___________ (_______________________)

B̂1  _______ ____ (_______________________)

A
2
1
Ĉ1 = ___________ (_______________________)

2
1
C

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 19
A
b)
1
2 Complete:
D̂1  ___________ (ext  of ΔADC)

D̂2  ___________ (_______________________)

B 1 2
D C

A
c)
1 E Complete:
D̂2  ____________ (_______________________)
2
1
D
2
Ê 2  _______ _____ (_______________________)

B C

10. Calculate the value of x.

a) b) x
50

120 40

60
x

x = _____ (__________________) x = _____ (___________________)

c) d)

70 80

40 3x

x x

2x = _____ (_________________) 3x = _____ (____________________)

x = _____ x = _____

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 20

11. Write down the reason for each given statement.

a) b) D C
2
1
F A B
2 1 1
2

1 2
2 1 2
E 1 2 1
D C
E A B

Statement Reason Statement Reason

ˆ +B
A ˆ +D
ˆ = 180o ˆ =B
A ˆ +D
ˆ
1 1 1 1 1 1

ˆ =B
A ˆ +D
ˆ ˆ +B
C ˆ +D
ˆ = 180o
2 1 1 2 2

ˆ +B
C ˆ +D
ˆ = 180o ˆ =D
B ˆ
1 2 2 1 1

ˆ =B
C ˆ +D
ˆ
2 2 2

12. Complete:
F E
a) 1
2 b)
A E
2 1
1 2

2 2
1 3
1 2 1 3
B C D
A B C D

B̂1  _____+_______ Â1  _______ (______________________)

ˆ +C
C ˆ = ___+____(__________________) Â 2  _______ (______________________)
2 3

Eˆ + Fˆ2 + ____= 180o (_________________) ˆ + 2Eˆ = _________(________________)

C 2 1

ˆ +C
C ˆ = ____+____(________________)
1 2

ˆ +C
C ˆ = ____+____(________________)
2 3

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Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 21

13. Write a statement (with reason) about each given group of angles.
T

1 A
D 2
1 2
4 3
1
2
P

4
3 5
E 2 1C B

a) ˆ ,C
C ˆ
1 3

b) ˆ ,D
D ˆ ,Dˆ
1 2 3

c) ˆ ,B
A ˆ
ˆ ,C
2 5

d) ˆ ,D
C ˆ , Eˆ
2 4

e) Pˆ1 , D
ˆ ,Cˆ
3 4

f) ˆ ,D
Pˆ2 , A ˆ
1 2

g) ˆ ,C
D̂1 , A ˆ
1 4

h) ˆ ,C
C ˆ ,Aˆ ,B
ˆ
3 4 2

i) ˆ ,C
C ˆ ,D
ˆ , Eˆ
4 5 4

j) ˆ ,C
C ˆ ,A
ˆ ,D
ˆ ,Dˆ
1 5 1 2 3

B
14. Calculate the value of x and y. A

x
a) A b)
y
T
60

y x C
D B C 20

D
2x = ______ (______________________)
x = ______ x = ______ (_________________________)
y = ______ (______________________) y = ______ (_________________________)

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 22

A
c) A d)
75
1 2

D
y

y 2 1 x
D C B 35 120 x B
C
E

x = _____ (______________________) x + ____ + ____ = ____ (_________________)

________________________________ ______________________________________
________________________________ ______________________________________
________________________________ ______________________________________

C 2. Triangles (Δs) Congruent and similar triangles.

Study:

1. Two geometric figures that are exact duplicates of each other are said to be congruent.
Two line segments are congruent if they are equal in length.
Two angles are congruent if they are equal in size.
Two triangles are congruent if they fit exactly over one another.

2. a) A triangle has 3 sides and 3 angles. When doing constructions we learnt that certain
combinations of 3 facts involving the measurements of the triangle are enough to draw
a fixed triangle.

These are: i) 3 sides

ii) 2 sides and the included angle
iii) 2 angles and any side
iv) a right angle, the hypotenuse and one other side.

It will be good practice to do the following constructions.

i) ΔABC with BC = 5,3 cm, B̂ = 62o and Cˆ = 47o .

ii) ˆ = 36o , B
ΔABC with A ˆ = 60o .
ˆ = 84o and C

iii) ΔABC with BC = 5 cm, Ĉ = 120o and AC = 4cm.

iv) ΔABC with BC = 6 cm, AB = 2,7 cm and AC = 3 cm.

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 23

b) If the measures of 3 angles of a triangle are given it is not possible to draw a fixed triangle.
Example:
P
A

B  x
C
Q  x
R

The triangles have the same shape but are unequal in size.
The triangle are said to be similar. We write ΔABC ||| PQR.
The symbol “|||” is read “is similar to”.

3. a) Congruent and similar triangles should be named in the order of the corresponding
vertices. If the triangles are superimposed, the parts which coincide are corresponding
parts.
A
b) The symbol “  ” is read “is congruent to”. F E

Example: In the adjacent figures:

AB = DE, BC = EF and AC = DF. B C D
 ΔABC  ΔDEF

4. Complete to name the pairs of congruent triangles.

V
P
a) H D b) c) A D
A
F
W
K T
E
W C B E F
S
ΔAEH  ____________ ΔPST  ___________ ΔABC  __________

d) e) f) A D F
S T
A D
E
P B C E
A
K C B E F

ΔSPK  ____________ ΔABC  ___________ ΔABC  __________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 24

5. Fill in “  ” or “  ” to make correct statements.

A P
A P
a) b)

T C S T
B C S B

ΔABC __________ ΔPST ΔABC __________ ΔPST

c) A P d) A P

B C S T B C S T

ΔABC __________ ΔPST ΔABC __________ ΔPST

e) D F B f) P C

T K B A
C A E

ΔACD __________ ΔBFE ΔKPT __________ ΔBCA

g) h) P
T
P
A
L
C
N

K
B
M
R

ΔPQR __________ ΔABC ΔPNM __________ ΔKLT

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 25

6. Which triangle is congruent to ΔABC?

A D P
a)

B C E F Q R

ΔABC  _____________

b) A B P M

C Q R N P

ΔABC  _____________

7. Name a pair of congruent triangles in each figure. If necessary, mark any equal sides or angles that
are not marked. Remember to name the corresponding vertices in the correct order.

a) b) c)
A C B D C

B •  C
•  O

D A D A B

__________________ ________________ ________________

d) e) f)
A D A B A

B C E D B C D

__________________ ________________ ________________

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Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 26

g) h) B
i) A
A D

C D

B C B D
T C
E A

__________________ ________________ ________________

8. a) If two triangles are equiangular, their corresponding sides are in proportion and hence the
triangles are similar.
b) Conversely, if the lengths of the pairs of corresponding sides of two triangles are
proportional, the triangles are equiangular and hence similar.

a) A
ˆ = Pˆ , B
A ˆ ,C
ˆ =Q ˆ = Rˆ
 ABC ||| PQR
AB BC AC
and = =
C Q R PQ QR PR
B

A P
b)

6 12
3 6

B C
4 Q R
8

AB 3 BC 4 AC 6
= , = and =
PQ 6 QR 8 PR 12
AB BC AC 1
 = = =
PQ QR PR 2
 ABC ||| PQR

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 27

9. Fill in the value of x in each triangle. Name a pair of similar triangles in each group.

C P
a)
x D 20

60 Q x 70 R
B 30 A F x E

_______________________________________________________________________________

b)
C P
D
30 130 10

x
E 130 x
Q
20 x 20 R
A B
F

_______________________________________________________________________________

10. Mark the equal angles in each figure. Then complete the similarity statements.

A
a) b)

D R
Q

P
T

T
C S
B

ΔABT ||| ______________ ΔPRS ||| ____________

c) B
d) A
A
1 2

D C B D C

ˆ = 90o and B
ˆ +C
Hint: B ˆ = 90o means C
ˆ +A ˆ =A
ˆ .
1 1

ΔABD ||| ______________ ΔABD ||| ____________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 28

e) A D f) **
1 2
P
2

T 2 1

1,5 4

B 3

Q R
C T

ΔABT ||| ______________ ΔPQR ||| ____________

and ΔPQR ||| ____________

__________________________________________________________________________

D. Quadrilaterals.

D 1. Classification of quadrilaterals.

1.

a) A quadrilateral is a closed polygon with 4 straight sides and thus 4 vertices.

b)
A trapezium is a quadrilateral with one pair of opposite sides parallel.

c)
A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel.

d) A rectangle is a parallelogram with each of its 4 vertex angles equal to 90o.

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 29

e)
A square is a rectangle with all its sides equal in length.

f) A rhombus is a parallelogram with all its sides equal in length.

g)

A kite and an arrowhead are quadrilaterals with both pairs of adjacent sides equal in length.

2. Examine the given quadrilaterals. Then write down what kind of quadrilateral each one is.

a) b) c)

__________________________ ________________________ ___________________

d) e) f)

__________________________ ________________________ ___________________

3. When doing constructions we learnt about the properties of:

a) the sides b) the angles c) the diagonals of the various quadrilaterals.

Complete:

a) i) The opposite sides of a ___________________ and ____________________ are equal.

ii) The adjacent pairs of sides of a _______________ and _________________ are equal.
iii) The 4 sides of a _____________________ and _______________________ are equal.

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 30

b) i) All 4 angles of a ___________________ and a __________________ are right angles.

ii) The opposite angles of a ___________________ and a _________________ are equal.
c) i) The diagonals of a ________________ and a _________________ are equal in length.
ii) The diagonals of a _________________ and a _________________ bisect one another.
iii) The diagonals of a _________________ and a _________________ bisect one another
at right angles. In a ___________________ the long diagonal is the perpendicular
bisector of the short diagonal.

4. Examine the given quadrilaterals. Then write down what kind of quadrilateral each one is.

a) b) c)
 

 

_________________________ ________________________ ___________________

d) e) f)

_________________________ ________________________ ___________________

g) h) i)
 
 

 
 

_________________________ ________________________ ___________________

S R
5. a) b) 2 1
1 2
P S
A
4
1 3
2

V
2 1
1 2
T O P Q

If PTOS is a parallelogram, complete: If PQRS is a rhombus, complete:

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 31

PS || ___________ TV = _____________ PS = ____________ ˆ = __________

PQR
SO || __________ PV = _____________ AS = ____________ P̂1  _____________
PT = __________ ˆ = ___________
TPS AP = ____________ Ŝ1  _____________
TO = __________ ˆ = ___________
PSO ˆ = __________
SPQ Â1 = _____________

c) d) G F
2 1
1 2
A D 30
2
1 T
1
4 2
3

60
2 1
1 2 1 2
80
B C D E
If ABCD is a parallelogram, complete: If DEFG is a rhombus, complete:

ˆ = _____ (______________________)
i) ADC i) Ê 2 = ______ (______________________)
ii) Â1 = _______ (______________________) ii) Ĝ 2  ______ (______________________)
iii) Â 2 = ______ (______________________) iii) Ê1  _______ (______________________)
iv) Ĉ1 = ______ (______________________) ˆ = ____ (______________________)
iv) GDE
ˆ = ______ (______________________)
v) D̂ = _______ (_______________________) v) GFE
vi) T̂1 = _______ (______________________)

6. Delete one of the diagram names in the brackets so that each statement is correct.

a) The opposite angles of a (trapezium / parallelogram) are equal.

b) The diagonals of a (parallelogram / rhombus) bisect one another at right angles.
c) The diagonals of a (square / rhombus) are equal in length.
d) All four angles of a (parallelogram / rectangle) are equal.
e) The opposite sides of a (kite / parallelogram) are equal.
f) The sum of the interior angles of a (triangle / quadrilateral) is 360o.

7. Calculate the value of x.

2x
a) b)
x
x

x 4x
60 70

__________________________________ ___________________________________
__________________________________ ___________________________________
__________________________________ ___________________________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 32

c) A B d) A B
105
120 1

x
x 1 50
D C D C

x = ______________________ D̂1  ____________________

_________________________ x = _____________________
D 2. Interior angles of polygons.

1. Remember:

a) The sides of a regular polygon are equal.

b) The interior angles of a regular polygon are equal.
c) The sum of the interior angles of a polygon with n sides = (n – 2). 180o.
d) The sum of the exterior angles of a polygon = 360o.

2. Calculate the sum of the interior angles of:

a) a pentagon. b) an octagon.
_______________________________ ________________________________
_______________________________ ________________________________

3. Calculate the size of each interior angle of a regular:

a) nonagon. b) decagon.
_______________________________ ________________________________
_______________________________ ________________________________
_______________________________ ________________________________

4. Calculate the value of x.

a) 110 b)

60 x

x
130 2x

_______________________________ ________________________________
_______________________________ ________________________________
_______________________________ ________________________________
_______________________________ ________________________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 33

E. Congruent triangles - Grade 9

1. The 4 conditions for two triangles to be congruent.

i) Two triangles are congruent if the three sides of the one are respectively equal to the three sides of
the other.
A D

B C E F

ΔABC  ΔDEF ( s s s )

ii) Two triangles are congruent if two sides and the included angle of the one are respectively equal
to two sides and the included angle of the other.
A G

B C H J

ΔABC  ΔGHJ ( s  s ) or ( s a s )

iii) Two triangles are congruent if two angles and a side of the one are respectively equal to two
angles and the corresponding side of the other.
A K

B C L M

ΔABC  ΔKLM (   s) or ( a a s )

iv) Two right-handed triangles are congruent if the hypotenuse and one side of the one are
respectively equal to the hypotenuse and one side of the other.
A N

B C P Q

ΔABC  ΔNPS ( 90o h s )

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 34

2. The following pairs of triangles are congruent. Give a reason for the congruency in each case.
a) b)
•

________________________________ __________________________________

c) d)
• 

 •

________________________________ __________________________________

3. Write down whether ΔABC and ΔPQT are congruent or not. Give a reason for each answer.

a) b)
A Q T A C Q
 _
• • • _
_

_ •
_ 
B T _ P
B C P

ΔABC_____________________________ ΔABC____________________________

c) d)
A C P A T Q

Q
B T
B C P

ΔABC_____________________________ ΔABC____________________________

e) f)
C Q P A Q

B T

C P
A B T

ΔABC_____________________________ ΔABC____________________________
Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 35

g) h)

A P Q A C
•  •
•
• Q
B
C  B T
T P

ΔABC_____________________________ ΔABC____________________________

i) j)

A B Q A T
• 
 •
•
C P
T B C P • Q

ΔABC_____________________________ ΔABC____________________________

k) l)

C T A C Q  T
• 
__ __
Q
•
B P
A P B

ΔABC_____________________________ ΔABC____________________________

4. State whether the triangles in each diagram are congruent or not.

a) B b)
A

x x

A
C  D

B C

ΔABC _ _ _ _ ΔCDA ( ____________) ΔABC _ _ _ ΔADC ( ____________)

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 36
A
c) d)
R


B C


T P
A

ΔABC _ _ _ _ ΔDBC ( ____________) ΔTAR _ _ _ ΔPAR ( ____________)

5. Complete:

a) b)
A D A D
1 2 2
1

1
2 2
B C B 1 C

In ΔABC and ΔCDA In ΔABC and Δ ___________

1. AB = ____________ (given) 1. AB = ______________ (given)

2. BC = ____________ (given) 2. Â1  ______________ (given)
3. AC = ____________ (common) 3. _________________________

 ΔABC  ____________ (_______)  ΔABC  ____________ (_______)

ˆ  _______(corr. s of congr. Δs)
A  BC = _____________________
1

B̂ = _______(corr. s of congr. Δs) B̂ = _____________________

Ĉ1  _______(corr. s of congr. Δs) Ĉ1  _____________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 37

c) A D d) A D
2 2
1 1

2 2
1 C B 1 C
B

In ΔABC and Δ ______________________ In ΔABC and _______________________

1. Â1  _______ (alt. s & AB || DC) 1. BC = ____________ (given)

2. ˆ =A
C ˆ (_____________________) 2. ____ = _____ (alt. s & AD || BC)
1 2

3. _____________________________ 3. _____________________________

 ΔABC  Δ_______________ (   s )  ΔABC  Δ______________ ( s  s )

ˆ = _________________________
B  AB = _________________________
AB = __________________________ B̂ = _________________________
BC = __________________________ Â1 = _________________________

A B A B
e) 1 1 f)
1 1

1 1
C C
2 2

D 1 1 E 1 1 E
D

In ΔABC and Δ ______________________ In _________________________________

1. AC = ________________________ 1. BC = _________________________
2. BC = ________________________ 2. B̂1 = _________________________

3. Ĉ1 = ________________________ 3. Ĉ1 = _________________________

 ΔABC  Δ________________________  ΔABC  Δ_________________________

ˆ = _________________________
A ˆ = __________________________
A
1 1

B̂1 = __________________________ AB = __________________________

AB = __________________________ AC = __________________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 38

A A
g) h) A
1 2 1 2
1 2

1 2 1 2
B 1 2
D B B     D D
C C C

In ΔABC and _______________________ In ΔABC and _________________________

1. Ĉ1 = _______________________ 1. AB = __________________________

2. AB = _______________________ 2. Ĉ1 = __________________________

3. ____________________________ 3. B̂ = _____ (s opp. equal sides of Δ)

 ΔABC  Δ_______________________  ΔABC  Δ______________ (   s )

ˆ = _________________________
B  AC = _________________________
ˆ = __________________________
A ˆ = __________________________
A
1 1

BC = __________________________ BC = __________________________

A
i) A j) A
 
1 2   1 2
1 2
 

1 1
B 1 2
B 1 1 1 2 D
B D C D
C C

In Δ__________ and Δ__________________ In Δ________________________________

1. Â1  __________________________ 1. Â1  _________________________

2. Ĉ1 = ___________________________ 2. AB = _________________________

3. _______________________________ 3. ______________________________

 ΔABC  Δ__________________________  Δ________________________________

B̂ = ____________________________ ˆ = ______________________________
B
AB = ____________________________ ˆ = ______________________________
C1

BC = ____________________________ BC = ______________________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 39

k) l) A

O 1 1
M 2 2 P
1 2

1 2
B T C

B
O is the centre of the circle. M is the centre of the circle and MP  AB.
In ΔOBT and ΔOCT In ΔAMP and ΔBMP
1. _____________________________ 1. _______________________________
2. _____________________________ 2. _______________________________
3. _____________________________ 3. _______________________________

 ΔOBT  Δ____________ (__________)  ΔAMP  Δ_________________________

ˆ = _____________________________
O  __________________________________
1

B̂ = _____________________________ ___________________________________
T̂1 = _____________________________ ___________________________________

6. The questions are a bit more challenging. A D

a) b)
A D
 

B C B C

In ΔABC and ΔDCB In ΔABC and ΔDBC

1. Â = ________________________ 1. AB = _________________________
2. ˆ = ________________________
ACB 2. ˆ = ________________________
ABC
3. ____ = ________________________ 3. BC = _________________________

 ΔABC  Δ_________________________  ΔABC  Δ_________________________

 AB = _____________________________  AC = _____________________________
AC = _____________________________ Â = _____________________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 40

ˆ = _____________________________
ABC ˆ = _____________________________
ACB
c) d) A
A

C 1 C
1 O 1
E 1

D P

B B

In ΔABC and ΔAED In ΔABC and ΔAOP

1. AC = ________________________ 1. AC = __________________________
2. AB = ________________________ 2. Ĉ1 = __________________________

3. Â = ________________________ 3. _______________________________

 ΔABC  Δ_____________________________  ΔABC  Δ____________________________

 BC = ______________________________  AB = _____________________________
B̂ = ______________________________ BC = _____________________________
Ĉ1 = _______________________________ B̂ = _____________________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 41

F. Grade 9 - Similar figures.

1. Remember:
1.1 Two conditions are necessary for similarity:
a) The figures must be equiangular.
b) Their corresponding sides must be proportional.
For triangles these conditions are dependent upon one another. Thus if two triangles are equiangular, their
corresponding sides are proportional and the triangles are similar.
or c) If two triangles have their corresponding sides proportional, they are equiangular
and therefore similar.
1.2 For polygons with more than three sides the conditions are independent of one another.
a) If two polygons are equiangular, but their sides are not proportional, they are not
similar.
or b) If the sides of two polygons are proportional but their angles are not equal, they are
not similar.
A
Examples:
a) D
9
3
3,5
1,5

 x  x
B C E F
5 2,5

ˆ = D,
ΔABC ||| ΔDEF because A ˆ B ˆ = Fˆ and AB  BC = AC  2
ˆ = Eˆ and C
DE EF DF 1
b) A D P S

Q R

B C
Rectangle ABCD and rectangle PQRS are equiangular but not similar because the sides are not
proportional.
c) A D P S

B C Q R

The sides of square ABCD and rhombus PQRS are proportional but the quadrilaterals are not
similar because they are not equiangular.

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 42

2. Are the following pairs of 2-D figures similar or not?

a) A D P S b) A F E
•

•
B 2,5 C Q 2,5 R C B
D
__________________________________ _________________________________

c) d) P
A

A
D 4
2
E 2 1
F

B 3 C Q 2 3 R

B C
G
__________________________________ _________________________________

3. Remember: D


A


x
x
B C
E F

ΔA B C ||| ΔD E F means AB and DE, BC and EF, AC and DF are the pairs of corresponding sides.

AB BC AC
Thus = = (proportional sides of similar Δs)
DE EF DF

4. Write down the proportional sides of the similar triangles.

a) ΔABC ||| ΔPQT b) ΔKLM ||| ΔXYZ

AB
 = =  = =

5. Write down the corresponding equal angles of the similar triangles, if:

AB BC AC 3 PT TK PK 1
a) = = = b) = = =
DE EF DF 2 BC CE BE 2
______________________ _______________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 43

6. Complete: A A

A a) A D D b)
1 P 11 1
P T T
2 22 2

1 2 1 2
T T

B B C C
C C
B B

In ΔABT and ΔCDT In ΔAPT and ΔABC

1. ˆ =C
A ˆ (__________________) 1. ________ = ________ (corr. s & PT || BC)
2. ˆ =D
B ˆ (__________________) 2. ________ = ________ (corr. s & PT || BC)

3. Tˆ1 = Tˆ 2 (_________________) 3. ________ = ________ (common)

 ΔABT ||| Δ________ ()  ________  ________ (  )

AB BT AT
= = = =

(prop. sides of similar Δs) (prop. sides of similar Δs)

c) C d) B

P
D
1 2
A 1

1
2 1
T C A
D E

In Δ _________ and Δ__________ __________________________________

1. ______________________ (given) __________________________________
2. ______________________ (given) __________________________________
3. _____________________________ __________________________________

 Δ_______ ||| Δ_______ (_____________)  _________|||_________(____________)

= = = =

(__________________________________) (_________________________________)

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 44

7. Complete to calculate the value of x and y. A

2
a) D b) x

P 6
T
A 6 y
3

x 4
B
 
B * C E * F y
6 12 C

ΔABC ||| Δ________ (________________) AC = 10

= = ΔABC ||| Δ__________________________

___________________________________ = =

x = ________________________________ ___________________________________

y = ________________________________ x = ________________________________
y = ________________________________

G. Mixed questions.

Answer the questions in your exercise book.

1. Calculate the value of x.

E
a) b)
D

T 70
2
x 1
2 85 3 1
A B C

ˆ = xo , B
B ˆ = 2B
ˆ and B
ˆ = 3.B
ˆ
1 2 1 3 2

c) In quadrilateral PQRS the angles are respectively equal to xo, 2xo, xo + 20o and 2xo + 40o.

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 45

2. a) ˆ :K
In ΔKLM, M ˆ :L
ˆ = 2 : 3 : 7. Calculate the size of K̂.

M A
b) c) 1 2

S 1 1 2 D
B
T C

ˆ = 4xo and Sˆ = 2xo .

Tˆ = 138o , M ˆ = 50o and AC= BC.
D̂ = 70o , A 2

Calculate the value of x. i) Write down the size of Ĉ1.

ii) Calculate the size of B̂.

3.
a) F A B Given: FAB || EDC, BC = DC,
1 2 1
2 AD = BD, Ĉ = 40o .

2 Calculate the size of D̂ 2 .

1 3
E D C

b)

1 B
T ˆ =B
Given: PBT || KAL, B ˆ =A
ˆ and A ˆ .
2 2 3 2 3
P 3

M 1
Calculate the size of M̂1.
3
2
L
1 A
K

Geometry is easy
 Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 46

A 4. a) D b) A

A D A

1 T
P 2
1 3 1 T
2 P 2
1 3
2 1
2 2
1 1 B 12 C
B 2 1 1
C2 2 C
B C B

ˆ = D,
Given: A ˆ B ˆ and B
ˆ =C ˆ .
ˆ =C ˆ =B
Given: B ˆ and AB = CB.
1 1 2 2 1 2

i) Name 2 pairs of similar triangles. i) Prove that ΔABT  ΔCBT

ii) Name 1 pair of congruent triangles. and hence that AT = TC.

c) d)
B

A
S
C
1 1 2
A
2 4 3 D

P T

B C
E

Given: AB = AE and BC = EC. Given: B̂ = Sˆ = 66o , AB = AC = 12 cm and

Prove that ΔABC  ΔAEC and PS = PT = 8 cm.
ˆ =C
hence that C ˆ . i) Prove that ΔABC ||| ΔPST.
2 3

ii) Calculate the length of

ST if BC = 9,6 cm.

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 47

Grade 10 ~ Geometry
A. Revision of angle relationships.

1. Complete: Because of their position:

P a) Pˆ1 and Pˆ3 are called ________________________angles.

4 1
3 2
b) Pˆ1 and Pˆ2 are called ________________________angles.
c) Pˆ1 and Tˆ1 are called ________________________angles.
T
d) Pˆ3 and Tˆ1 are called ________________________angles.
4 1
3 2

e) Pˆ2 and Tˆ1 are called ________________________angles.

2. Complete each of the following sentences.

a) ˆ = 90o , then AB ___________________________________________ to BC.

If ABC
b) ˆ +B
If A ˆ and B
ˆ = 90o , then A ˆ are called ______________________________ angles.

c) If Cˆ +Dˆ = 180o , then Cˆ and Dˆ are called _____________________________ angles.

d) If 180o < Tˆ < 360o , then T̂ is called __________________________________angle.

e) The sum of the angles of a triangle = ___________
f) If PQ = PR in ΔPQR, then ΔPQT is called _____________________________ triangle.
g) If Cˆ =D
ˆ = Eˆ in ΔCDE, then ΔCDE is called ___________________________ triangle.
h) If  = 130o in ΔABC, then ΔABC is called ____________________________ triangle.

3. Complete the “given” statements. Give a reason for each statement.

D

A
4 3
E 5 2 F
1

1 2
B C G

Statement Reason
a) ˆ ˆ o
If A2 + A3 = 180 , then ___________________________________________________
b) ˆ then ___________________________________________________________
If B̂ = A 5

c) ˆ =A
If C ˆ +A
ˆ , then _____________________________________________________
2 1 5

d) ˆ =A
If C ˆ , then __________________________________________________________
1 4

e) If  2 is the supplement of Ĉ2 , then __________________________________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 48

4. Calculate the value of x.

a) _____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
2 _____________________________________
1 3
A T _____________________________________
B

Tˆ3 = 12 Tˆ 2 , Tˆ1 = 3Tˆ 2 and Tˆ3 = xo .

C
b) xo + 6xo + 10o + 2xo – 10o = _____________
(sum of s of Δ = _____________________)
___________________________________
_____________________________________

A B
_____________________________________
ˆ = xo , B
A ˆ = 2 xo  10o.
ˆ = 6xo + 10o en C

c) _____________________________________
K _____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
L M
_____________________________________
ˆ = 2K
KL = KM, L ˆ and K
ˆ = xo

d) A H

_____________________________________ C
_____________________________________
1
_____________________________________ B 2 F
G

_____________________________________
_____________________________________
E
D
_____________________________________
ˆ = xo .
D̂ = 58o , AH || BG || DE, AB || CD and A

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 49

e)
_____________________________________ P A Q
2 1
_____________________________________
_____________________________________ 2 1T

_____________________________________
1 2
_____________________________________ R B S
_____________________________________
_____________________________________ ˆ = 44o , B
PAQ || RBS, A ˆ = 108o and Tˆ = xo
1 1 1

Remember that the exterior of a triangle is equal to the sum of the interior opposite angles.

5. Calculate the value of x. F

A
a) B̂1  __________________________ 1
2
(ext.  of Δ) __________________________
___________________________________ C
2 1
_____________________________________ 3 B
E
_____________________________________
D
_____________________________________
ˆ = 117o , C
A ˆ = 54o and B
ˆ = xo
1 3

b)
A
_____________________________________
1
2
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
B 2 1 D
C _____________________________________
ˆ = xo
AC = BC = CD, D̂ = 24o and A _____________________________________
1

c)
P
_____________________________________
1 2
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
1 2 T
Q
_____________________________________ R
_____________________________________
R is the mid-point of QT,
PR = RT, Qˆ = 50o and QPT
ˆ = xo .
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Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 50

d) _______________________________
_____________________________________ A
1 2 3
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________ 2 1 1 2
D B C E
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
ˆ = 58o , BD = BA, AC = CE and DAE
B̂1 = 68o , C ˆ = xo .
1

6. Calculate the value of x.

a) K _____________________________________
2
A
_____________________________________
1
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
C 1 1 2
2 B M _____________________________________
L
_____________________________________
ˆ +B
The sides of ΔABC are produced to K, L and M. A ˆ = xo
ˆ +C
2 2 2

b) _____________________________________
A D
2 _____________________________________
1
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
2 1
B C E _____________________________________
_____________________________________
ˆ = 112o and D
AD || BCE, AB || DC, Eˆ = 52o , A ˆ = xo
1

D
c) _______________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
T
_____________________________________
1
_____________________________________
1 1
_____________________________________ E 2 2 F
_____________________________________
_____________________________________ Eˆ 1 = Eˆ 2 , Fˆ1 = Fˆ2 , D
ˆ = 40o and Tˆ = xo
1

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 51

d) A
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
D 2
1 _____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
1 _____________________________________
2
B C _____________________________________

ˆ = 15o and A
AB = AC, CD = CB, C ˆ = xo
1

B. Reasoning exercises.

1. a) a=b b) ˆ =B
A ˆ c) AB = PT
and b = c ˆ = Tˆ
and B and PT = MN
means ___________ means ___________ means ___________

2. a) a=b+d b) p–t=x c) a–b=t

and p = b + d and p – t = y and c – b = t
means ___________ means ___________ means ___________

d) a+b=p e) AB + BC = 10m f) ˆ +B
A ˆ = 90o
and c + b = p and CD + BC = 10m ˆ +B
and C ˆ = 90o

means ___________ means ___________ means ___________

3. a) • • • • b) • • • •
A B C D P Q R S
AB + BC = CD + BC PR – QR = QS – QR
means ___________________________ means _______________________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 52

c) A d) R
1 3 1 3
2 2
B E P T
C D Q S

ˆ +A
A ˆ =Aˆ +A
ˆ ˆ - QRS
PRS ˆ = QRT
ˆ - QRS
ˆ
1 2 3 2

means ___________________________ means _______________________________

e) A f) D
2x

x
B C E F

 = ____________ i.t.o. x Ê = ____________ i.t.o. x

C. Using reasoning skills to solve geometry problems.

Example:
Given: AB = AC and AD = AE
Prove: ˆ =D
B ˆ A
1

Proof: ˆ = Eˆ (s opp. equal sides of ΔADE)

D1 1

ˆ (s opp. equal sides of ΔABC)

& B̂ = C
ˆ +B
A ˆ +C ˆ = 180o (sum of s of Δ) D 1 1 E
Aˆ + 2B
ˆ = 180o (B ˆ
ˆ = C)
ˆ +D
and A ˆ + Eˆ = 180o (sum of s of Δ) B C
1 1

ˆ + 2D
A ˆ = 180o (D
ˆ = Eˆ )
1 1 1

Then ˆ = 2D
2B ˆ
1

ˆ =D
and B ˆ
1

A
1. Given: ˆ = 118o and A
C ˆ = 59o
1

Prove: AC = BC
Proof: _______________________________
1
B C D _______________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 53
C
2.
Given: Aˆ = 94o and B
ˆ = 43o
Prove: ΔABC is an isosceles triangle.
Proof: _________________________
_____________________________________
B A
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

C
3. E
Given: ˆ =A
A ˆ and AE || BC.
1 2

Prove: AC = AB
2 Proof: ˆ =A
A ˆ (given)
1 2
1
B D
A but _________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

4.
Given: AB = AC A 1

Prove: ˆ = 2B
A ˆ
1

Proof: ___________________________________
2
_______________________________________________ B 1
C
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

C
5.

D 1
2
E
3
Given: AE = BE and Eˆ 1 = Eˆ 2
Prove: DE || AB
2
1 Proof: _____________________________________
A B
_____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 54
P
6.
1 2

Given: Pˆ1 = Pˆ2

Prove: ˆ +Q
R ˆ = 2Tˆ
1 1

Proof: ________________________
2 1 2 1
____________________________________ S
Q T R
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

D. Using congruency to solve geometry problems (riders).

Remember: The four conditions that determine whether two triangles are congruent are:
s s s , s  s , s and 90o h s

1. A D

B C E F

ABC and DEF are two triangles. Say whether the triangles are necessarily congruent if the
following information is given. Give a reason for each answer.

a) e.g. AB = DE, BC = EF, CA = FD Yes s s s

b) ˆ =D
A ˆ ,B ˆ = Fˆ
ˆ = Eˆ , C

ˆ = Eˆ
c) AB = DE , BC = EF , B

d) ˆ =D
A ˆ ,B
ˆ = Eˆ , AC = EF

e) ˆ =D
A ˆ = Fˆ
ˆ , BC = EF , C

f) ˆ =D
AB = DE , BC = EF , A ˆ

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 55

2. D
A

B C E F

Write down what else is needed for ΔABC and ΔDEF to be congruent.

a) AB = DE , BC = EF , _________________________________________________
b) ˆ =D
A ˆ = 90o , BC = EF , _________________________________________________
c) Aˆ =D ˆ = Fˆ ,
ˆ ,C _________________________________________________
d) ˆ =D
BC = EF , A ˆ , _________________________________________________

3. Remember that a parallelogram is a quadrilateral that has both pairs of opposite sides parallel.

Example:
D C Proof:
1
2 a) In ΔABC and ΔCDA
1. ˆ =A
C ˆ (alt s & AB || DC)
1 1

2 2. ˆ =A
C ˆ (alt s & DA || CB)
1 2 2
A B 3. AC = AC
Given: ABCD is a parallelogram.  ΔABC  ΔCDA (  s)
Prove: a) AB = DC, AD = BC  AB = CD (corr. sides of congr. Δs)
b) Bˆ =D ˆ ,Aˆ =Cˆ & AD = BC (corr. sides of congr. Δs)
c) AC bisects ABCD

b) ˆ =D
B ˆ (corr. s of congruent Δs)
ˆ +A
A ˆ =C
ˆ +C
ˆ ˆ =C
(proved) or draw BD and prove A ˆ
1 2 1 2

c) ΔABC  ΔCDA means that the triangles are equal in area i.e. AC bisects ABCD.

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 56

a) D C
1 1
2 2
Proof: In ΔATB and ΔCTD
T
1. ____________________________________
2
1 1 2 2. ____________________________________
A B 3. AB = CD (opp. sides of parm.)
Given: Diagonals of parallelogram ABCD  ____________________________________
intersect at T. ____________________________________
Prove: AT = TC and TD = TB ____________________________________

b) Proof: In ΔPAQ and ΔRAS

S R
1
1 1. _______________________ (given)
2 2. _______________________ (given)
A
1
3. ˆ =A
A ˆ (_______________________)
1 2
1
1
P Q  _____ _____(________________________)

 Q̂1 = ________

Given: In quadrilateral PQRS, and these are alt. s

PA = AR and AS = AQ.  ___________________________________
Prove: PQRS is a parallelogram Similarly by proving, ΔPAS  ΔRAQ
P̂1  _________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________

c) Proof: _____________________________________
D C
1 _____________________________________
2
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
2
1
_____________________________________
A B
_____________________________________
Given: In quadrilateral ABCD, _____________________________________
AB = DC and AB || DC _____________________________________
Prove: ABCD is a parallelogram _____________________________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 57

Summary: Using congruency, we have proved that:

1. a) the opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal.
b) the opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.
c) each diagonal bisects the parallelogram.
d) the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect one another.
2. a quadrilateral is a parallelogram if:
a) the opposite sides are equal.
b) the opposite angles are equal.
c) the diagonals bisect one another.
d) a pair of opposite sides are equal and parallel.

4. More questions involving congruency.

a) Proof: In ΔAPB and _________________________

B
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
1 Q
A P 2 _____________________________________
_____________________________________

R _____________________________________
Given: AP = QP and PB = PR _____________________________________
Prove: AB = RQ

b) A Proof: _____________________________________
1 2 _____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
B 1 2 C
D _____________________________________
Given: AB = AC and BD = CD _____________________________________
Prove: AD  BC _____________________________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 58

c)
B

Proof: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
1 K C
A 2 _____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
T _____________________________________
Given: AK = CK and AB || TC _____________________________________
Prove: BK = TK _____________________________________

d)
D

1 C Proof: _____________________________________
2
_____________________________________
2
_____________________________________
1
A
_____________________________________
B _____________________________________
_____________________________________
Given: AB = CD and AD = BC _____________________________________
Prove: AD || BC _____________________________________

e) D
1 2 Proof: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
2 2 _____________________________________
A 1 1
C
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
1 2
_____________________________________
B
Given: AB = AD and CD = CB _____________________________________
ˆ =A
Prove: A ˆ and C
ˆ =C
ˆ _____________________________________
1 2 1 2

_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 59

E. The mid-point theorem and its converse.

1. Study:
A
Given: APCR is a parallelogram,
AP = PB, AQ = QC and PQ = QR.
Prove: PQ || BC and PQ = 12 BC
Q R
Proof: APCR is a parallelogram P
 CR = PA & CR || PA
 CR = PB (AP = PB given)
 BCRP is a parallelogram (1 pr. opp. sides
 PR || BC equal & parallel)
B C
and PQ || BC
Also PQ = 12 PR (given)
= 12 BC (opp. sides of parallelogram)
1.1 We have proved that the line segment joining the mid-points of 2 sides of ΔABC, is parallel to the
third side and equal to half of it (mid-pts. of 2 sides of Δ joined).

1.2 Conversely: The line segment drawn through the mid-point of one side of a triangle parallel to a
second side bisects the third side (line from mid-point of 1 side parallel to 2nd side).
1.1 A 1.2

K M
A B

B C E F

G: AK = KB and AM = MC G: DA = AE and AB || EF
means KM || BC and KM = 12 BC means DB = BF

2. Write down the value of x.

A
a) A
b)
58

26 P
D
x

67 x
B E C C T B

x = _________________________ x = ________________________

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Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 60

c) A d)
A

E xx F
D F
20

xx
  E
B 14 C B C D
x = _________________________ x = ________________________

3. a) A
Given: AB = 6 cm, BC = 8,4 cm, AC = 7 cm.
P, T and S are the mid-points of AB,
AC and BC respectively.
P T
Complete:
i) PT || _______ , PS || _______ , TS || _______
ii) The length of:
B C
S PT = __________ and TS = __________
P

b)

Given: PT = 12 cm, YT = 5 cm and XY = 4 cm.

X
Complete: The length of:
i) KY = ___________________
ii) PK = ___________________

T
c) Y
K

Given: In parallelogram ABCD,

A M D
TP || BC, TM || BA, AB = 14 cm
and BC = 18 cm.

Complete: The length of:

i) PC = ____________________
T P
ii) AM = ____________________
iii) TP = ____________________
iv) MT = ____________________

B C

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 61

4. Solving geometry problems based on the mid-point theorem.

Example:
Given: AM = BM and AN = CN
A

Prove: AT = 12 AY

M N
T Proof: In ΔABC: AM = MB and AN = NC (given)
 MN || BC (mid-pts of 2 sides of Δ joined)
In ΔABY: AM = MB (given)
B C and MT || BY (proved)
Y
 AT = TY and AT = 12 AY
(line from mid-point of 1 side || 2nd side)

a)
Proof: AM = _______________________________
D C
( )
In ΔABC: ____________________________
M P _____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
A B _____________________________________
_____________________________________

Given: Diagonals of parallelogram ABCD

intersect at M. CP = PB
Prove: MP || AB

P
b) Proof: _____________________________________
_____________________________________

D _____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Q A B C R _____________________________________
Given: QA = BA, AD || QP _____________________________________
and CD || RP _____________________________________
Prove: i) PD = DB _____________________________________
ii) AC = 12 QR _____________________________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 62

c) A

Proof: In ΔABC_____________________________
_____________________________________
D _____________________________________

G _____________________________________
_____________________________________
F C E B _____________________________________
Given: FC = CE = EB and AD = DB _____________________________________
Prove: AC = 4 GC _____________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

F. The classification of quadrilaterals.

kite
quadrilateral

arrowhead

trapezium

Note that:

A rectangle is a special parallelogram.

A rhombus is a special parallelogram.
A square has all the properties of a
parallelogram rectangle and of a rhombus.

rectangle rhombus

square square

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 63

1. B
A 1 2
2
1

1
4 2 T
3

2 1
1 2
D C
Write down what kind of quadrilateral ABCD is, if:

a) AD || BC & AB || DC f) BT = DT & AC  BD
b) AB = DC & AD = BC
c) AD || BC & AD = BC ˆ =B
g) D ˆ
2 2

d) AC = BD h) AB = AD & BC = CD
ˆ = DCB
i) BAD ˆ &
e) BT = DT & AT = CT ˆ = ADC
ABC ˆ

2. Calculations involving the properties of quadrilaterals.

Calculate the value of x and y in question 2a, 2b and 2c.

A B
a) _____________________________________
2 2
1 1 _____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
1
T _____________________________________
D C _____________________________________
ˆ and
TA bisects BAD _____________________________________
ˆ in parallelogram ABCD.
TB bisects ABC _____________________________________
ˆ +B
A ˆ = xo and Tˆ = y o _____________________________________
2 2 1

_____________________________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 64

b)
A E D
_____________________________________
1 3
2
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
1 _____________________________________
12 2
B C _____________________________________
In parallelogram ABCD, AB = EB, ED = CD, _____________________________________
ˆ = xo and C
B̂1 = 40o , A ˆ = yo _____________________________________
2

D H E
c) 2 1 2
1
In ΔDFG: Ĝ = ______________________
(s opp. equal sides of Δ)
2 3
1 F̂1  ______________________________
G F __________________________________
In parallelogram DEFG, HF = EF, DF = GF, __________________________________
ˆ = 75o , Fˆ = xo and Fˆ = y o
D __________________________________
1 1 2

__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

A D
d) 1 Write down, with reasons, 5 angles equal to 60o.
2
1 2
__________________________________
P
__________________________________
2 1 __________________________________
1 2
B C __________________________________
ˆ = 60o .
In rhombus ABCD, ABC __________________________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 65

S R
e) __________________________________
__________________________________
1
T __________________________________
2
__________________________________
__________________________________
P Q __________________________________
In rhombus PQRS, PR = 10 cm and SQ = 24 cm. __________________________________
Calculate the length of RQ. __________________________________

f) __________________________________
D C
__________________________________
__________________________________
T
__________________________________
__________________________________
A B __________________________________
In rectangle ABCD, AT = 12 12 cm and BC = 7 cm. __________________________________
Calculate the length of AB. __________________________________

g) B Complete: ABCD is a _________________________

2 because ____________________________
1

and T̂2  ___________________________

T
1 2 1
A C
2 __________________________________
__________________________________
1
2 __________________________________
D
__________________________________
A is the centre of the circle, CB = CD and __________________________________
B̂2 = 46o . What kind of quadrilateral is ABCD? __________________________________
Calculate the size of Ĉ1. __________________________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 66

G. Using the properties of quadrilaterals to solve geometry problems.

Example 1: Proof: AB || DC (opp. sides of parm.)

A B  AB || ED
and AE || BD (given)
 ABDE is a parallelogram
(both pairs of opp. sides parallel)
 AE = BD (opp. sides of parm.)

E D C
Given: ABCD is a parallelogram and AE || BD.
Prove: AE = BD

Example 2:
Proof:
AB || DC || EF
B F
and AB = DC = EF
C (opp. sides of parallelogram)
 AB = EF and AB || EF
 ABFE is a parallelogram
A E (1 pr. of opp. sides of quadrilateral equal
and parallel)
D
Given: Parallelograms ABCD & CDEF.
Prove: ABFE is a parallelogram.

1.
K N

a) _______________________________
A
b) _______________________________
c) _______________________________
d) _______________________________
L M
e) ______________________________
List 5 possible ways to prove that quadrilateral
KLMN is a parallelogram.

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Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 67

2. Proof:
_____________________________________
P A S
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Q B R
_____________________________________
Given: Parallelogram PQRS and AP = BR. _____________________________________
Prove: ASBQ is a parallelogram.

3. Proof: a) ˆ +B
B ˆ = _____________________
A P B 1 2

1 2 1 _____________________________________
2
_____________________________________
In ΔAPD and ΔCTB

2 1. _______________________________
1 2 1
D T C 2. _______________________________
3. _______________________________
Given: Parallelogram ABCD, _____________________________________
ˆ =B
B ˆ and D
ˆ =D
ˆ . _____________________________________
1 2 1 2

Prove: a) AP = CT _____________________________________
b) BPDT is a parallelogram _____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________

4. Proof: ____________________________________
_____________________________________
D X C
1 _____________________________________
2
_____________________________________
1
3
T _____________________________________
2
_____________________________________
2
1 _____________________________________
A Y B
_____________________________________
Given: Parallelogram ABCD and AT = CT _____________________________________
Prove: a) XT = TY _____________________________________
b) AYCX is a parallelogram _____________________________________

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 68

5. S R Proof: In ΔPAS and ΔRBQ

1 1. _______________________________
A
3 2 2. _______________________________
1
3. _______________________________
1
2 3
_____________________________________
B 1
_____________________________________
P Q
Given: PQRS is a parallelogram, _____________________________________
PA  SQ and RB  SQ _____________________________________
Prove: APBR is a parallelogram _____________________________________

6.
Q R
Proof: _____________________________________
A _____________________________________
_____________________________________

B _____________________________________
P S
_____________________________________

D _____________________________________
_____________________________________
Given: PSB || QR, PQ || SR, _____________________________________
QA = SD and BS = QR. _____________________________________
Prove: a) ABDP is a parallelogram _____________________________________
b) BD = AR _____________________________________

F
7.
Proof: In ΔFAB: ________________________ E
______________________________________
______________________________________ D
C G
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________ A B

_______________________________________________ Given: ABCD is a parallelogram

_______________________________________________ and AC = CF
_______________________________________________ Prove: a) FG = GB
_______________________________________________ b) BD = 2EG

Geometry is easy
Geometry is easy Grade 8, 9 & 10 69

8. A

D E F
Proof: __________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
B C
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________ Given: In ΔABC, AD = DB,
_______________________________________________ AE = EC and DE = EF
_______________________________________________ Prove: a) ADCF is a parallelogram
_______________________________________________ b) BCFD is a parallelogram

Geometry is easy
 Gr 8, 9 & 10 Geometry
Gr 8, 9 & 10 Meetkunde

ANSWERS ANTWOORDE

Set by / Opgestel deur

Seeliger~Mouton

Tel (012) 460 3907 CAPS

© Copyright Reserved © Kopiereg Voorbehou
Gr 8,9 & 10 Geometry / Meetkunde Answers / Antwoorde 1

Grade 8 / Graad 8
f) ₂& , ₃& , ₁& , ₃& , alt. ∠ / verw. ∠
A ₁& ₂, ₃ & ₄, ₂ & ₃, ₁& ₄ alt. ∠ / verw. ∠

3a) 20° b) 65° 10a) + = 90° d) = 50° co-int. ∠ / ko-binne. ∠

c) 90° d) 90° b) + = 180° e) complement / komplement co-int. ∠ / ko-binne. ∠

e) 130° f) 50° c) = 60° f) supplement / supplement 5) ₁= ₂ (corr. ∠ & ∥ )

g) 15° h) 115° 11) 10° , 70°, 90° − °, ° (ooreenk. ∠ & ∥ )
5a) acute / skerp e) right / regte 12) 100° , 160°, 180° − °, 90° + ° (alt. ∠ & ∥ )
₃= ₂
b) obtuse / stomp f) reflex / inspringende 13a) No / Nee ₁ + ₂ + ₃ ≠ 180° (verw. ∠ & ∥ )

c) straight / gestrekte g) obtuse / stomp b) Yes / Ja ₁ + = 180° (corr. ∠ & ∥ )

₃= ₄
d) reflex / inspringende h) reflex / inspringende c) No / Nee + ₃ ≠ 180° (ooreenk. ∠ & ∥ )

6a) right / regte 90° d) No / Nee ₁+ ≠ 180° (co-int. ∠ & ∥ )

₃ + ₃ = 180°
b) acute / skerp e) No / Nee ₂ + ₃ ≠ 90° (ko-binne. ∠ & ∥ )

c) obtuse / stomp 90° 180° ₃= ₁ (vert.opp. ∠ )

reflex / inspringende 180° 360° (regoorst. ∠ )
d) B
e) straight / gestrekte = 180° 1a) = 50° ( = 180°) (adj.suppl. ∠ )
₃ + ₂ = 180°
f) revolution / omwenteling = 360° b) = 60° ( = 180°) (aangr.suppl. ∠ )

7) 1= 90° right / regte c) 2 = 70° ( = 180°) = 35° ₂= ₃ (corr. ∠ & ∥ )

= 30° acute /skerp d) 6 = 180° ( = 180°) = 30° (ooreenk. ∠ & ∥ )

= 30° acute /skerp 3a) ₁ = ₄ = 6)a)

= 120° obtuse / stomp ₂ = ₅ =
= 150° obtuse / stomp ₃= ₆
= 60° acute / skerp b) 3 = 180° (adj. suppl. ∠s, aangr. suppl. ∠e)
8b) ₁& ₂ are not / is nie = 60° b)
₁& ₃ are / is ₁ = 60° (vert.opp. ∠ s, regoorst. ∠ e)
₁& ₄ are not / is nie ₂ = 120° (vert. opp. ∠ s, regoorst. ∠ e)
₃& ₄ are not / is nie c) ₂ = 30° (vert.opp. ∠ s, regoorst. ∠ e) c)
₂& ₄ are / is ₄ = 100° (vert.opp. ∠ s, regoorst. ∠ e)
9a) ₁, , , ₁ = 180° − 130° = 50° (str. ∠ . gestr. ∠)
b) , ₂, ₄, ₃= ₁ = 50° (vert.opp. ∠ s, regoorst. ∠ e)
c) , , ₂, ₂, ₃, ₁, ₃,
d) , , 4)b) vert.opp. ∠ s / regoorst. ∠ e
e) ₁ & ₂, ₂& ₃ adj. suppl. ∠s / aangr. suppl. ∠e
corr. ∠ / ooreenk. ∠
System Maths ©
Gr 8,9 & 10 Geometry / Meetkunde Answers / Antwoorde 2

C1
b) (alt. ∠ s are equal / verw. ∠ e is gelyk)
7ai) = (alt. ∠ s / verw. ∠ e & ∥ ) (alt. ∠ s are not equal / verw. ∠ e are not equal) 2a) Right-angled, scalene triangle
ii) = (corr. ∠ s / ooreenk. ∠ e & ∥ ) c) (alt. ∠ s are equal/ verw. ∠ e is gelyk) Ongelyksydige, reghoekige driehoek
iii) ≠ (co-int. ∠s / ko-binne ∠e but/maar ∦ ) (co-int. ∠ s are suppl.) (ko-binne ∠ e is suppl.) b) Isosceles, obtuse-angled triangle
iv) = (co-int. ∠ s / ko-binne ∠ e & ∥ ) d) (co-int.∠s are not suppl.) (ko-binne∠e is nie suppl.) Gelykbenige, stomphoekige driehoek
(co-int. ∠s are suppl.) (ko-binne ∠e is suppl.) c) Isosceles, acute-angled triangle
7bi) ≠ (corr. ∠s / ooreenk. ∠e but/maar ∦ ) 10a) is a str. ∠ / ‘n gestr. ∠ Gelykbenige, skerphoekige driehoek
ii) = (corr. ∠ s / ooreenk. ∠ e & ∥ ) b) adj. compl. ∠s/ aangr. kompl.∠e) d) Equilateral triangle
iii) ≠ (alt. ∠ s / verw. ∠ e but/maar ∦ ) c) vertically opp. ∠s / regoorstaande.∠e Gelyksydige driehoek
iv) = (alt. ∠ s / verw. ∠ e & ∥ ) d) corr. ∠s / ooreenk. ∠e & ∥ 3a) + 110° = 180° sum of ∠s of ∆

v) ≠ (alt. ∠ s / verw. ∠ e but/maar ∦ ) e) alt. ∠s / verw. ∠e & ∥ = 70° som van ∠ e van ∆

vi) = (corr. ∠ s / ooreenk. ∠ e & ∥ ) f) alt. ∠s / verw. ∠e & ∥ b) 4 + 40° = 180° sum of ∠s of ∆

vii) = (co-int. ∠ s / ko-binne ∠ e & ∥ ) g) corr. ∠s / ooreenk. ∠e & ∥ 4 = 140° som van ∠ e van ∆

viii) ≠ (co-int. ∠s / ko-binne ∠e but/maar ∦ ) co-int. ∠s / ko-binne. ∠e & ∥ = 35°

x)
≠ (co-int. ∠s / ko-binne ∠e but/maar ∦ ) h) corr. ∠s / ooreenk. ∠e & ∥ c) 3 = 180° sum of ∠s of ∆

xi) = (co-int. ∠ s / ko-binne ∠ e & ∥ ) alt. ∠s / verw. ∠e & ∥ = 60° som van ∠ e van ∆

11a) = 110° (adj.suppl. ∠ s / aangr.suppl. ∠ e) d) 4 − 12° = 180° sum of ∠s of ∆

8a) ₁= ₁ (alt. ∠ s/ verw. ∠ e & ∥ ) = 70° (alt. ∠ s/ verw. ∠ e & ∥ ) 4 = 192° som van ∠ e van ∆

₁ + ₂ + ₂ = 180° (co-int.∠ s/ ko-binne ∠e & ∥ ) b) = 40° (corr. ∠s/ ooreenk. ∠e & ∥ ) = 48°
₁+ ₂= ₁ (alt. ∠ s/ verw. ∠ e & ∥ ) = 72° (corr. ∠s/ ooreenk. ∠e & ∥ ) 5a) = 30° PM
₁+ ₂+ ₁ = 180° (co-int. ∠s/ ko-binne ∠e & ∥ ) c) = 30° (alt. ∠ s/ verw. ∠ e & ∥ ) b) = 30° PM
₁ + ₂ = 180° (adj. suppl. ∠ s / aangr. suppl. ∠ e) = 28° (alt. ∠ s/ verw. ∠ e & ∥ ) c) = 40° PM & TM
₁ = ₁+ ₂ (corr. ∠s / ooreenk. ∠ e & ∥ ) 6b) = 50° (∠s opp. equal sides of ∆/∠e teenoor gelyke sye van∆)
₁ + ₂ + ₃ = 180° ( is str. ∠ / is gestr. ∠) = 130° (co-int. ∠s/ ko-binne. ∠e & ∥ ) = 80° (sum of ∠s of∆ = 180° / som v ∠e van∆ = 180° )
b) ₂ = ₁+ ₂ (corr. ∠s / ooreenk. ∠ e & ∥ ) e) = 105° (alt. ∠ s/ verw. ∠ e & ∥ ) c) = 40° (∠s opp. equal sides of∆/∠e teenoor gelyke sye van∆)
₂= ₁+ ₂ (alt. ∠ s/ verw. ∠ e & ∥ ) = 75° (co-int. ∠ s/ ko-binne. ∠ e & ∥ ) = 20° (∠s opp. equal sides∆/∠e teenoor gelyke sye van∆)
₂ + ₁ = 180° ( is str. ∠ / is gestr. ∠) = 75° (alt. ∠ s/ verw. ∠ e & ∥ ) d) = 84° (∠s opp. equal sides of∆/ ∠e teenoor gelyke sye van∆)
₂= ₂ (alt. ∠ s/ verw. ∠ e & ∥ ) f) = 120° (co-int. ∠ s / ko-binne ∠ e & ∥ ) = 20° (∠s opp. equal sides∆/ ∠e teenoor gelyke sye van∆)
₂= ₄ (vert. opp. ∠ s/ regoorst. ∠ e) = 90° (corr. ∠ s/ ooreenk. ∠ e & ∥ )
₄ = ₁+ ₂ (alt. ∠ s/ verw. ∠ e & ∥ ) g) = 40° (corr. ∠ s / ooreenk. ∠ e & ∥ )
₂ + ₃ = 180° (adj. suppl. ∠ s / aangr. suppl. ∠ e) = 90° (corr. ∠ s/ ooreenk. ∠ e & ∥ )
9a) (corr. ∠ s are equal / ooreenk. ∠ e is gelyk) h) = 80° (corr. ∠ s / ooreenk. ∠ e & ∥ )
(corr. ∠ s are not equal / ooreenk. ∠ e is nie gelyk) = 110° (co-int. ∠ s/ ko-binne. ∠ e & ∥ )

System Maths ©
Gr 8,9 & 10 Geometry / Meetkunde Answers / Antwoorde 3

7b) = = ° (∠s opp. equal sides of ∆ /∠e teenoor gelyke sye van ∆) 10a) = 110° (ext. ∠ of ∆/buite ∠van ∆)
b) = 80 ° (ext. ∠ of ∆/buite ∠van ∆)
2 + 40° = 180° (sum of ∠s of∆ = 180° / som v ∠e v∆ = 180°) c) 2 = 70 ° (ext. ∠ of ∆/buite ∠van ∆)
2 = 140° = 35 °
= 70° d) 3 = 120° (ext. ∠ of ∆/buite ∠van ∆)
c) = =2 ° (∠s opp. equal sides of ∆ /∠e teenoor gelyke sye van ∆) = 40 °
11a) sum of ∠s of ∆ = 180°/som van ∠e van ∆ = 180°
4 + 20° = 180° (sum of ∠s of∆ = 180° / som v ∠e v∆ = 180°) ext. ∠ of ∆ ABD /buite ∠ van ∆ ABD
4 = 160° sum of ∠s of ∆ = 180°/som van ∠e van ∆ = 180°
= 40° ext. ∠ of ∆ BCD /buite ∠ van ∆ BCD
d) = = ° (∠s opp. equal sides of ∆ /∠e teenoor gelyke sye van ∆) b) ext. ∠ of ∆ ABD /buite ∠ van ∆ ABD
sum of ∠s of ∆ = 180°/som van ∠e van ∆ = 180°
2 + 128° = 180° (sum of ∠s of∆ = 180° / som v ∠e v∆ = 180°) ∠s opp. equal sides ∆/∠e teenoor gelyke sye ∆
2 = 52° 12a) ₁+ ₁ (ext. ∠ of ∆BCF /buite ∠ van ∆BCF)
= 26° ₁+ ₂ (ext. ∠ of ∆BCF /buite ∠ van ∆BCF)
e) = = 35° (∠s opp. equal sides of ∆ /∠e teenoor gelyke sye van ∆) + ₂ (sum of. ∠s of van∆ = 180° /som van ∠e van ∆ = 180°)
b) (∠s opp. equal sides of ∆/ ∠e teenoor gelyke sye van ∆)
5 + 70° = 180° (sum of ∠s of∆ = 180° / som v ∠e v∆ = 180°) ₁ (∠s opp. equal sides of ∆/ ∠e teenoor gelyke sye van ∆)
5 = 110° 180° (sum of. ∠s of ∆/som van ∠e van∆)
= 22° ₂ + (ext. ∠ of ∆CED /buite ∠ van ∆CED)
f) = = 27° (∠s opp. equal sides of ∆ /∠e teenoor gelyke sye van ∆) ₁ + (ext. ∠ of ∆ABC /buite ∠ van ∆ABC)
13a) ₁= ₃ (vert. opp. ∠s/ regoorst. ∠e)
3 + 54° = 180° (sum of ∠s of∆ = 180° / som v ∠e v∆ = 180°) b) ₁+ ₂ + ₃ ( is a straight ∠/ gestrekte ∠)
3 = 126° c) ₂+ + ₅ = 180° (sum of. ∠s of van∆ = 180° /som van ∠e van ∆ = 180°)
= 42° d) ₂= ₄+ (ext. ∠ of ∆ CED / buite ∠ van∆ CED)
9a) ₁= ₂+ ₂ (ext.∠ of ∆ABC / buite ∠ van∆ ABC) e) ₁= ₃+ ₄ (ext. ∠ of ∆ CDP / buite ∠ van∆ CDP)
₁= ₂ + ₂ (ext.∠ of ∆ABC / buite ∠ van ∆ABC) f) ₂= ₁+ ₂ (ext. ∠ of ∆ ADP / buite ∠ van∆ ADP)
₁= ₂+ ₂ (ext.∠ of ∆ABC/ buite ∠ van ∆ABC) g) ₁= ₁+ ₄ (ext. ∠ of ∆ ADC / buite ∠ van∆ ADC)
b) ₁= ₂ + (ext.∠ of ∆ ADC / buite ∠ van ∆ ADC) h) ₃+ ₄= ₂+ (ext. ∠ of ∆ ABC / buite ∠ van∆ ABC)
₂= ₁+ (ext. ∠ of ∆ ABD / buite ∠ van ∆ ABD) i) ₄+ ₅= ₄+ (ext. ∠ of ∆ DEC / buite ∠ van∆ DEC)
c) ₂= + ₁ (ext. ∠ of ∆ ADE / buite ∠ van ∆ ADE) j) ₁+ ₅= ₁+ ₂+ ₃ (ext. ∠ of ∆ ADC / buite ∠ van∆ ADC)
₂= + ₁ (ext. ∠ of ∆ ADE / buite ∠ van ∆ ADE) or/of
₁+ ₅= ₃+ ₂ (ext. ∠ of ∆ DCP / buite ∠ van∆ DCP)

System Maths ©
Gr 8,9 & 10 Geometry / Meetkunde Answers / Antwoorde 4

14a) 2 = 90° (sum of ∠s of ∆/ som of ∠e van ∆) 5a) ∆ABC ≡ ∆PST 3a i) parallelogram & rectangle / parallelogram & reghoek
= 45° & (∠s opp. equal sides ∆/∠e teenoor gelyke sye∆) b) ∆ABC ≡ ∆PST ii) kite & arrowhead / vlieër & pylpunt
= 90° + 45° (ext. ∠of ∆ABC / buite ∠ van ∆ABC) c) ∆ABC ≡ ∆PST iii) square & rhombus / vierkant & ruit
= 135° or/of ( is straight ∠/ gestrekte ∠) d) ∆ABC ≡ ∆PST b i) rectangle & square / reghoek & vierkant
b) = = 60° (alt. ∠e & ∥ / verw. ∠e & ∥ ) e) ∆ACD ≡ ∆BFE ii) parallelogram & rhombus / parallelogram & ruit
= 60° + 20° (ext. ∠of ∆ADC / buite ∠ van ∆ADC) f) ∆KPT ≡ ∆BCA 3c i) rectangle & square / reghoek & vierkant
= 80° g) ∆PQR ≢ ∆ABC ii) parallelogram & rectangle / parallelogram & reghoek
c) = 60° (∆ABC is equilateral /gelyksydig) h) ∆PNM ≡ ∆KLT iii) square & rhombus / vierkant & ruit
₁= (∠s opp. equal sides of ∆/∠e teenoor gelyke. sye ∆) 6a) ∆PQR kite / vlieër
₁ = 2 = 60° (ext. ∠of ∆ADC / buite ∠ van ∆ADC) b) ∆NPM 4a) parallelogram
= 30° 7a) ∆ABC ≡ ∆DBC b) parallelogram
b) ∆AOC ≡ ∆BOD c) parallelogram
d) + 35° + 75° = 180° (sum of ∠s of ∆/ som of ∠e van ∆) c) ∆ADC ≡ ∆CBA d) rectangle / reghoek
= 70° d) ∆ABD ≡ ∆CDB e) rhombus / ruit
+ 35° = 120° (ext. ∠of ∆CED / buite ∠ van ∆CED) e) ∆ABC ≡ ∆DEC f) square / vierkant
= 85° f) ∆ABC ≡ ∆ADC g) rhombus / ruit
g) ∆ABC ≡ ∆DCB h) rectangle / reghoek
C2 h) ∆BED ≡ ∆BAC i) kite / vlieër
i) ∆ABT ≡ ∆ADC
2a i) 1 fixed ∆ / 1 vaste ∆ 9a) ∆ABC ⦀ ∆DEF 5a) PS ∥ TO TV = SV
ii) No fixed ∆/ Geen vaste ∆ b) ∆ABC ⦀ ∆FDE SO ∥ PT PV = OV
iii) 1 fixed ∆ / 1 vaste ∆ 10a) ∆ABT ⦀ ∆CDT PT = SO =
iv) No ∆ at all / Geen ∆ nie b) ∆PRS ⦀ ∆PQT TO = PS =
4a) ∆AEH ≡ ∆DWK c) ∆ABD ⦀ ∆CDB b) = = = =
b) ∆PST ≡ ∆VFW d) ∆ABD ⦀ ∆CBA & ∆ABD ⦀ ∆CAD = ₁= ₁
c) ∆ABC ≡ ∆DEF e) ∆ABT ⦀ ∆DCT = ₁= ₁
d) ∆SPK ≡ ∆TAE f) ∆PQR ⦀ ∆TQP & ∆PQR ⦀ ∆TPR = ₁ = ₂ = ₃ = ₄ = 90°
e) ∆ABC ≡ ∆DEF c i) = 80° (opp. ∠s / teenoorst. ∠e parallelogram)
D1
f) ∆ABC ≡ ∆EFD ii) ₁ = 60° (alt. ∠s / verw. ∠e & AB ∥ DC)
2a) Trapezium / Trapesium iii) ₂ = 40° (co-int. ∠s / ko-binne ∠e & AD ∥ BC)
b) Parallelogram iv) ₁ = 40° (alt. ∠s / verw. ∠e & AD ∥ BC)
c) Rectangle / Reghoek or /of (opp. ∠s / teenoorst. ∠e parallelogram)
d) Square / Vierkant
e) Kite / Vlieër f) Rhombus / Ruit

System Maths ©
Gr 8,9 & 10 Geometry / Meetkunde Answers / Antwoorde 5

d i) ₂ = 30° (∠s/e opp. eq. sides / teenoor gelyke sye DE & DG) 4 a) 3 + 300° = (5 − 2) × 180° 5a) 1. =
ii) ₂ = 30° (diag. bisects vertex ∠s / hoeklyn halveer hoekpt. ∠e) 3 = 540° − 300° 2. =
iii) ₁ = 30° (sides GF & EF equal / sye GF & EF gelyk) 3 = 240° 3. =
iv) = 120° (co-int. ∠s / ko-binne ∠e & GF ∥ DE) = 80° ∆ABC≡∆CDA (s s s)
v) = 120° (opp. ∠s rhombus / teenoorst. ∠e ruit) b) 6 = (6 − 2) × 180° ₁= ₂
corr. sides congr. ∆s /
vi) ₁ = 90° (diagls. bisect at right ∠s / hoeklyne halv. mekaar loodreg) 6 = 720° = ooreenk. sye kongr. ∆e
6a) trapezium / trapesium = 120° ₁= ₂
b) parallelogram Grade 9 / Graad 9 b) In ∆ABC & ∆CDA
c) rhombus / ruit 1. =
E
d) parallelogram 2. ₁= ₂
e) kite / vlieër 2 a) s s s 3. = (common / gemeen)
f) triangle / driehoek b) s ∠ s ∆ABC≡∆CDA (s∠s)
7a) = 90° + 130° = 360° (sum of ∠s of quadrilateral/ som van ∠e van vierhoek) c) ∠ ∠ s = (corr. sides congr. ∆s /
+ 220° = 360° d) 90° hyp/ s s s ooreenk. sye kongr. ∆e)
= 140° 3a) ∆ABC≢∆ PQT (not incl.∠ not s∠s/ nie ingeslote∠ nie s∠s)
b) 8 = 360° (sum of ∠s of quadrilateral/ som van ∠e van vierhoek) b) ∆ABC≢∆ PQT (∠∠∠) = (corr. ∠s congr. ∆s /
= 45° c) ∆ABC≡∆ PQT (s s s) ooreenk. ∠e kongr. ∆e)
c) = 75° (co-int. ∠s / ko-binne ∠e & AB ∥ DC) d) ∆ABC≡∆ PQT (s ∠ s)
= 75° (isosceles trapezium / gelykbenige trapesium) e) ∆ABC≡∆ PQT (s h/ss s) ₁= ₂ (corr. ∠s congr. ∆s /
d) ₁ = 40° (sum of ∠s of ∆ /som van ∠e van ∆= 180°) f) ∆ABC≡∆ PQT (s ∠ s) ooreenk. ∠e kongr. ∆e)
= 20° (co-int. ∠s / ko-binne ∠e & AB ∥ DC) g) ∆ABC≡∆ PQT (∠ ∠ s)
h) ∆ABC≢∆ PQT (not / nie s ∠ s) c) In ∆ABC & ∆CDA
D2
i) ∆ABC≢∆ PQT (AB & PT not corr. / AB & PT nie ooreenk.) 1. ₁= ₂
2 a) / = (5 − 2) × 180° = 540° j) ∆ABC≡∆ PQT (∠ ∠ s) 2. ₁= ₂ (alt.∠s/ verw.∠e &AD∥BC)
b) / = (8 − 2) × 180° = 1080° k) ∆ABC≢∆ PQT (not corr. sides / nie ooreenk. sye) 3. = (common side/gemene sy)
3 a) each / elke ∠ = (9 − 2) × 180° ÷ 9 l) ∆ABC≡∆ PQT (∠ ∠ s) ∆ABC≡∆ CDA (∠∠s)
= 140° 4a) ∆ABC≡∆ CDA (s s s) = (corr. ∠s congr. ∆s /
b) each / elke ∠ = (10 − 2) × 180° ÷ 10 b) ∆ABC≡∆ ADC (∠∠ s) ooreenk. ∠e kongr. ∆e)
= 144° c) ∆ABC≡∆ DBC (s ∠ s)
d) ∆TAR≡∆ PAR (90° h/ss s) = corr. sides congr. ∆s /
ooreenk. sye kongr. ∆e
=

System Maths ©
Gr 8,9 & 10 Geometry / Meetkunde Answers / Antwoorde 6

d) In ∆ABC & ∆CDA h) In ∆ABC & ∆ADC

1. = 1. = (given/gegee)
2. ₁= ₂ 2. ₁= ₂ (given/gegee)
3. = (common side / gemene sy) 3. = (∠s opp. equal sides of ∆ /∠s teenoor gelyke sye van ∆)
∆ABC ≡∆ CDA (s ∠ s)
= (corr. sides congr.∆s /ooreenk. sye kongr.∆e) ∆ABC ≡∆ADC (∠∠s)
= = (corr. sides congr. ∆s / ooreenk. sye kongr. ∆e)
(corr. ∠s congr. ∆s / ooreenk. ∠e kongr. ∆e)
₁= ₂ ₁= ₂ (corr.∠s congr.∆s / ooreenk.∠e kongr.∆e)
e) In ∆ABC & ∆EDC = (corr. sides congr. ∆s / ooreenk. sye kongr. ∆e)
1. = (given / gegee) i) In ∆ABC & ∆ADC
2. = (given / gegee) 1. ₁= ₂ (given/gegee)
3. ₁= ₂ (vert. opp. ∠s/ regoorst. ∠e) 2. ₁ = ₂ = 90° (given/gegee)
∆ABC ≡∆EDC (s ∠ s) 3. = (common / gemeen)
₁= ₁ ∆ABC ≡∆ADC (∠∠s)
(corr. ∠s congr. ∆s / ooreenk. ∠e kongr. ∆e)
₁= ₁ = (corr.∠s congr.∆s / ooreenk.∠e kongr.∆e)
= (corr. sides congr.∆s / ooreenk. sye kongr.∆e) =
(corr. sides congr.∆s /ooreenk. sye kongr. ∆e)
f) In∆ABC & ∆EDC =
1. = (given/gegee) j) In ∆ABC & ∆ADC
2. ₁= ₁ (alt. ∠s/ verw. ∠e & AB∥DC) 1. ₁= ₂ (given/gegee)
3. ₁= ₂ (vert. opp. ∠s/ regoorst. ∠e) 2. = (given/gegee)
∆ABC ≡∆EDC (∠∠s) 3. = (common / gemeen
₁= ₁ (corr. ∠s congr. ∆s / ooreenk. ∠e kongr. ∆e) ∆ABC ≡∆ADC (s ∠ s)
= =
(corr. sides congr.∆s / ooreenk. sye kongr.∆e) (corr.∠s congr.∆s /ooreenk. ∠e kongr. ∆e)
= ₁= ₂
g) In∆ABC & ∆ADC = (corr. sides congr.∆s /ooreenk. sye kongr.∆e)
1. ₁ = ₂ = 90° (given/gegee) k) In ∆OBT & ∆OCT
2. = (given/gegee) = (radii)
3. = (common / gemeen) = (given/gegee)
∆ABC ≡∆ADC (90° h/ss s) = (common / gemeen)
= ∆OBT ≡∆OCT (s s s)
(corr. ∠s congr. ∆s / ooreenk. ∠e kongr. ∆e)
₁= ₂ ₁= ₂
= (corr. sides congr.∆s / ooreenk. sye kongr.∆e) = (corr. ∠s congr. ∆s / ooreenk. ∠e kongr. ∆e)
₁= ₂

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Gr 8,9 & 10 Geometry / Meetkunde Answers / Antwoorde 7

l) In ∆AMP & ∆BMP d) In ∆ABC & ∆APO

1. = (radii) 1. = (given/gegee)
2. = (common / gemeen) 2. ₁= ₁ (given/gegee)
3. ₁ = ₂ = 90° (given / gegee) 3. = (common / gemeen)
∆AMP ≡∆BMP (s∠s) ∆ABC ≡∆APO (∠∠s)
= (corr. sides congr. ∆s / ooreenk. sye kongr. ∆e) = (corr. sides congr. ∆s / ooreenk. sye kongr. ∆e)
= =
(corr. ∠s congr. ∆s / ooreenk. ∠e kongr. ∆e) (corr. ∠s congr. ∆s / ooreenk. ∠e kongr. ∆e)
₁= ₂ =
6 a) In ∆ABC & ∆DCB
1. = (given/gegee) F
2. = (given/ gegee)
3. = (common / gemeen) 2a) Not similar (not equiangular) / Nie gelykvormig (nie gelykhoekig)
∆ABC ≡∆DCB (∠∠s) b) Yes /Ja
= (corr. sides congr. ∆s / ooreenk. sye kongr. ∆e) c) Yes / Ja
= d) Yes / Ja (sides proportional / sye eweredig)
(corr. ∠s congr. ∆s / ooreenk. ∠e kongr. ∆e)
= 4 a)
= =
b) In ∆ABC & ∆DCB
1. = (given/gegee) b)
= =
2. = (given/ gegee)
3. = (common / gemeen) 5 a) = , = & = ∆ABC ⦀ ∆DEF
∆ABC ≡∆DCB (s∠s) b) = , = & = ∆PTK ⦀ ∆BCE
= (corr. sides congr. ∆s / ooreenk. sye kongr. ∆e) 6 a)1. = (alt. ∠s / verw. ∠e & AB∥DC)
= 2. = (alt. ∠s / verw. ∠e & AB∥DC)
(corr. ∠s congr. ∆s / ooreenk. ∠e kongr. ∆e)
= 3. 3. ₁ = ₂ (vert. opp. ∠s / regoorst. ∠e)
c) In ∆ABC & ∆ADE ∆ABT ⦀ ∆CDT (∠∠∠)
1. = (given/gegee)
= = (prop. sides of sim. ∆s/ ewer. sye van gelykv.∆e)
2. = ( + = + )
3. = (common / gemeen) b) 1. ₁=
∆ABC ≡∆ADE (s∠s) 2. =
= (corr. sides congr. ∆s / ooreenk. sye kongr. ∆e) 3. =
= ∆APT ⦀ ∆ABC (∠∠∠)
(corr. ∠s congr. ∆s / ooreenk. ∠e kongr. ∆e)
₁= 1
= = (prop. sides of sim.∆s/ ewer. sye van gelykv.∆e)

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Gr 8,9 & 10 Geometry / Meetkunde Answers / Antwoorde 8

6 c) In ∆APT & ∆ADC b) ₁ + ₂ + ₃ = 180° ( straight ∠ / gestrekte ∠)

₁= ° + 2 ° + 6 ° = 180°
₁= 9 ° = 180°
= (common / gemeen) = 20°
∆APT ⦀ ∆ADC (∠∠∠) c) + + + = 360° (sum of ∠s of quad. / som van ∠e van vierhoek)
° + 2 ° + ° + 20° + 2 ° + 40° = 360°
= = (prop. sides of sim. ∆s/ ewer. sye van gelykv. ∆e)
6 ° + 60° = 360°
d) In ∆ADE & ∆ACB 6 = 300°
₁= (given/gegee) = 50°
= (common/gemeen) 2 a) Let / Laat =2 °, =3 ° & =7 °
₁= (sum of ∠s of ∆ / som van ∠e van ∆) 12 ° = 180° (sum of ∠s of∆ / som van ∠e van ∆)
∆ADE ⦀ ∆ACB (∠∠∠) = 15°
= 3 × 15° = 45°
= = (prop. sides of sim. ∆s/ ewer. sye van gelykv. ∆e)
b) = + (ext. ∠ of∆ / buite ∠ van ∆)
7 a) ∆ABC ⦀ ∆DEF (∠∠∠) 138° = 6 °
23° =
= =
c) = 50° + 70° (ext. ∠ of∆ACD / buite ∠ van ∆ ACD)
= 120°
= = (prop. sides of sim. ∆s/ ewer. sye van gelykv. ∆e)
+ = 180° − (sum of ∠s of∆ / som van ∠e van ∆)
=3 & =8 = 60°
b) ∆ABC ⦀ ∆APT (∠∠∠) but / maar = = 30° (∠s opp. eq. sides ∆ / ∠e teenoor gel. sye ∆)
3a) In ∆BDC:
= =
₂ + ₃ = 140° (sum of ∠s of∆ / som van ∠e ∆)
but / maar ₂= ₃ (∠s opp. equal sides ∆ / ∠e teenoor gel. sye ∆)
= = (prop. sides of sim. ∆s/ ewer. sye van gelykv. ∆e)
= 70°
=4 & = 15 ₁= ₃ (alt. ∠s / verw. ∠e & AB∥DC)
= 70°
G
₂= ₁ (∠s opp. eq. sides ∆ / ∠e teenoor gel. sye ∆)
1a) ₁ = 180° − 155° (straight ∠ / gestrekte ∠) = 70°
= 25° In ∆ABD: ₂ = 180° − 140° (sum of ∠s of∆ / som van ∠e ∆)
= ₁ = 25° (vert. opposite ∠s / regoorstaande ∠e) = 40°
or / of ₂ + ₂ + ₃ = 180° (co-int. ∠s / ko-binne ∠e & AB∥DC)
70° + ₂ + 70° = 180°
₂ = 40°
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Gr 8,9 & 10 Geometry / Meetkunde Answers / Antwoorde 9

b) ₂ + ₃ + ₂ + ₃ = 180° (co-int. ∠s / ko-binne ∠e & PT∥KL) In ∆ABC & ∆PST

but / maar ₂= ₃ & ₂= ₃ (given / gegee) = = 48° (proved/bewys)
2 ₃ + 2 ₃ = 180° = = 66° (proved/bewys)
₃ + ₃ = 90° = = 66° (proved/bewys)
In ∆AMB: ₁ = 90° (sum of ∠s of∆ / som van ∠e ∆) ∆ABC ⦀ ∆PST (∠∠∠)
4 a i) ∆ABP ⦀ ∆DCP (∠∠∠) ii)
= = (prop. sides of sim. ∆s/ ewer. sye van gelykv. ∆e)
∆ABC ⦀ ∆DCB (∠∠∠)
ii) ∆ABC ≡ ∆DCB (∠∠s) ,
=
4 b) In ∆ABT & ∆CBT
1. ₁+ ₂ (given/gegee) 12 = 8 × 9,6
2. = (given / gegee) × ,
=
3. = (common / gemeen)
∆ABT ≡ ∆CBT (s∠s) = 6,4
= (corr. sides congr.∆s / ooreenk. sye kongr. ∆ e) Grade 10 / Graad 10
4 c) In ∆ABC & ∆AEC
A
1. = (given/gegee)
2. = (given/gegee) 1a) vertically opposite ∠s / regoorstaande ∠e
3. = (common / gemeen) b) adjacent supplementary ∠s / aangrensende supplementêre ∠e
∆ABC ≡ ∆AEC (s s s) c) corresponding ∠s / ooreenkomstige ∠e
₁= ₄ (corr. ∠s congr.∆s / ooreenk. ∠ e kongr. ∆ e) d) alternate ∠s / verwisselende ∠e
₂= ₃ (suppl. of equal ∠s / suppl. van gelyke ∠ e) e) co-interior ∠s / ko-binne ∠e
or /of ₁ + ₂ = 180° 2a) is perpendicular to / loodreg op
& ₄ + ₃ = 180° ( straight ∠ / gestrekte ∠) b) complementary / komplementêre
but /maar ₁= ₄ (proved / bewys) c) supplementary / supplementêre
₂= ₃ d) a reflex / ‘n inspringende
d i) In ∆ABC: e) 180°
= = 66° (∠s opp. eq. sides of ∆ / ∠e teenoor gel. sye van ∆) f) an isosceles / ‘n gelykbenige
+ + = 180° (sum of ∠s of ∆ / som van ∠e van ∆) g) an equilateral / ‘n gelyksydige
+ 132° = 180° h) an obtuse-angled / ‘n stomphoekige
= 48° 3a) DAC is a straight line or str.∠/DAC is ‘n reguit lyn of gestr.∠)
In ∆PST: b) EF∥BC (alt. ∠s equal / verw. ∠e gelyk)
= = 66° (∠s opp. eq. sides of ∆ / ∠e teenoor gel. sye van ∆) c) EF∥BC (alt. ∠s equal / verw. ∠e gelyk)
= 180° − 132° (sum of ∠s of ∆ / som van ∠e van ∆) d) EF∥BC (corresponding ∠s are equal / ooreenkomstige ∠e is gelyk)
= 48° e) EF∥BC (co-interior ∠s are suppl. / ko-binne ∠e is suppl.)
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Gr 8,9 & 10 Geometry / Meetkunde Answers / Antwoorde 10

4a) ₁ + ₂ + ₃ = 180° ( is straight ∠ / is gestrekte ∠) 5 a) ₁= ₁ − (ext. ∠ of∆ / buite ∠ van ∆)

6 ° + 2 ° + ° = 180° = 117° − 54°
9 ° = 180° = 63°
= 20° ₃ = ₁ = 63° (vert. opp. ∠s / regoorst. ∠e)
b) + 6 + 10° + 2 − 10° = 180° (sum of ∠s of∆= 180° / som van ∠e ∆= 180°) = 63°
9 = 180° b) ₂= = 24° (∠s opp. eq. sides ∆ / ∠e teenoor gel. sye∆)
= 20° ₂ = 48° (ext. ∠s of ∆ACD / buite ∠e van ∆ACD)
c) =2 =2 ° ₁+ = 180° − 48° (sum of ∠s of ∆ / som van ∠e van ∆)
= =2 ° = 132°
5 ° = 180° (∠s opp. eq. sides ∆ / ∠e teenoor gel. sye∆) but/maar ₁= (∠s opp. eq. sides ∆ / ∠e teenoor gel. sye∆)
= 36° (sum of ∠s of∆ / som van ∠e ∆) ₁= = 66°
d) = = 58° (corr. ∠s/ ooreenk. ∠e & BG∥DE) c) ₁= = 50° (∠s opp. eq. sides ∆ / ∠e teenoor gel. sye∆)
= ₁ = 58° (corr. ∠s/ ooreenk. ∠e & BA∥DC) ₂= ₁+ (ext. ∠ of ∆PQR / buite ∠ van ∆PQR)
= 180° − 58° (co-int. ∠s / ko-binne ∠e & AH∥BG) = 100°
= 122° ₂= = 80° (sum of ∠s of∆ / som van ∠e ∆)
e) ₂= (∠s opp. eq. sides ∆ / ∠e teenoor gel. sye∆)
= 40°
= ° = 50° + 40° = 90°
T d) ₁+ = ₁ = 68° (ext. ∠s of ∆ABD / buite ∠e van ∆ABD)
₁= = 34° (∠s opp. eq. sides ∆ / ∠e teenoor gel. sye∆)
In ∆ABC:
Draw KL∥PQ∥RS through T / Trek KL∥PQ∥RS deur T ₂ = 180° − 68° − 58° (sum of ∠s of∆ / som van ∠e ∆)
= ₁ = 44° (alt. (∠s / verw. ∠e & PQ∥KL) = 180° − 126°
= 72° (co-int. ∠s / ko-binne ∠e & KL∥RS) = 54°
₂ = 44° + 72° = 116° ₃+ = ₁ (ext. ∠s of ∆ACE / buite ∠e van ∆ACE)
₁ = 360° − 116° = 244° (revolution/omwenteling) ₃+ = 58°
or / of = 136° (co-int. ∠s / ko-binne ∠e & PQ∥KL) ₃= (∠s opp. eq. sides ∆ / ∠e teenoor gel. sye∆)
= 108° (alt. ∠s / verw. ∠e & KL∥RS) = 29°
₁ = 136° + 108° = 244° = ° = 34° + 54° + 29°
= 117°

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Gr 8,9 & 10 Geometry / Meetkunde Answers / Antwoorde 11

6 a) ₁ + ₂ + ₁ + ₂ + ₁ + ₂ = 3 × 180° (straight ∠s/ gestrekte ∠e)

B
₁ + ₁ + ₁ = 180° (sum of ∠s of ∆ / som van ∠e van ∆)
₂ + ₂ + ₂ = 540° − 180° 1 a) =
= 360° b) =
b) ₁ + ₂ + 52° = 180° (co-int ∠s / ko-binne ∠e & AD∥BE) c) =
+ ₂ = 128° 2 a) =
& + ₂ = 180° (co-int ∠s / ko-binne ∠e & AB∥DC) b) =
112° + ₂ = 180° c) =
₂ = 68° d) =
+ 68° = 128° e) =
= 60° f) =
or / of AD∥BC & AB∥DC 3 a) =
⇒ABCD is a / ’n parallelogram b) =
₂ + = 112° (opp. ∠s parm. / teenoorst. ∠e parm.) c) ₁= ₃
+ 52° = 112° (ext. ∠ of ∆DCE / buite ∠ van ∆DCE) d) ₁= ₃
= 60° e) = =
c) ₁ + ₂ + ₁ + ₂ = 180° - 40° (sum of ∠s of∆ / som van ∠e van ∆) = 180° − 2
but / maar ₁= ₂ & = ₂ (given / gegee) f) =
2 ₂ + 2 ₂ = 140° + + = 180°
₂ + ₂ = 70° 2 + 2 = 180°
In ∆TEF: + 70° = 180° (sum of ∠s of∆ / som van ∠e ∆) + = 90°
= 110° = 90° −
d) ₁ = ° + 15 ° (ext. ∠ of∆ACD / buite ∠ van ∆ ACD)
= ₁ (∠s opp. eq. sides ∆BDC / ∠e teenoor gel. sye∆ BDC)
C
= ° + 15 °
₁+ ₂= = ° + 15° (∠s opp. eq. sides ∆ABC / ∠e teenoor gel. sye ∆ABC) 1. + = ₁ (ext. ∠ of∆ABC / buite ∠ van ∆ ABC)
In∆ABC: 59° + = 118°
° + ° + 15° + ° + 15° = 180° (sum of ∠s of ∆ / som van ∠e van ∆) = 59°
3 ° + 30° = 180° ∴ =
3 ° = 150° ∴ = (sides opp. eq. ∠ of∆ / sye teenoor gelyke ∠ ∆)
= ° = 50°

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Gr 8,9 & 10 Geometry / Meetkunde Answers / Antwoorde 12

2. + 43° + 94° = 180° (sum of ∠s of∆ / som van ∠e ∆)

D
+ 137° = 180°
= 43° 1 b) No /Nee (∠∠∠)
∴ = c) Yes /Ja (s∠s)
∴ = (sides opp. eq. ∠ of∆ / sye teenoor gelyke ∠ ∆) d) No / Nee (AC & EF not corr. sides / AC & EF nie ooreenk. sye nie)
∆ABC is isosceles / gelykbenig e) Yes /Ja (∠∠s)
3. = ₁ (corr. ∠s/ ooreenk. ∠e & AE∥BC) f) No /Nee ( & not included ∠ / nie ingeslote ∠)
= ₂ (alt. ∠s/ verw. ∠e & AE∥BC) 2a) = or / of =
but / maar ₁= ₂ (given / gegee) b) = or /of = (90° h/ss s)
= or /of = or /of = (∠∠ s)
= (sides opp. eq. ∠ of∆ / sye teenoor gelyke ∠ ∆) c) = or /of = (∠∠ s)
4. ₁= + ₁ (ext. ∠ of∆ABC / buite ∠ van ∆ ABC) or / of =
but / maar = ₁ (∠s opp. eq. sides of ∆ / ∠e teenoor gel. sye van ∆) d) = or / of = (∠∠ s)
₁=2 3a)1 ₁= ₁ (alt. ∠ / verw. ∠ & DC∥AB)
5. ₁+ ₂= ₁+ (ext. ∠ of∆AEB / buite ∠ van ∆ AEB) 2. ₁= ₁ (alt. ∠ / verw. ∠ & DC∥AB)
but / maar ₁= ₂ (given / gegee) 3. = (opp. sides parm. / teenoorst. sye parm)
& ₁= (∠s opp. eq. sides of ∆ / ∠e teenoor gel. sye van ∆) ∆ATB ≡∆CTD (∠∠ s)
∴2 ₁=2 =
means corr. ∠ are equal /beteken ooreenk. ∠e is gelyk (corr. sides congr. ∆s/ ooreenk. sye kongr. ∆e)
₁= & =

DE∥AB 3b)1 = (given / gegee)

6. ₁= ₁+ (ext. ∠ of∆PQT / buite ∠ van ∆ PQT) = (given / gegee)
& ₁= ₂+ ₁ (ext. ∠ of∆PTR / buite ∠ van ∆ PTR) ₁= ₂ (vert.opp. ∠ / regoorst. ∠ )
but / maar ₁= ₂ (given / gegee) ∆PAQ ≡∆RAS (s∠s)
∴ ₁= ₁+ ₁ ₁= ₁ (corr. ∠ congr. ∆s/ ooreenk. ∠ kongr. ∆e)
₁− ₁= ₁ (1) & these are alt. ∠ / hierdie is verw. ∠
& ₁+ = (2) ∴ PQ∥SR
₁+ =2 ₁ (1) + (2) ₁ = ₁ & these are alt. ∠ / hierdie is verw. ∠
∴ PS∥QR
∴ PQRS is a /’n parallelogram

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Gr 8,9 & 10 Geometry / Meetkunde Answers / Antwoorde 13

3c) In ∆ABC & ∆CDA 4d) In ∆ABC & ∆CDA

1. = (given / gegee) 1. = (given / gegee)
2. ₁= ₁ (alt. ∠ / verw. ∠ & AB∥DC) 2. = (given / gegee)
3. = (common / gemeen) 3. = (common / gemeen)
∆ABC ≡ ∆CDA (s ∠ s) ∆ABC ≡ ∆CDA (s s s)
₂= ₂ (corr. ∠ congr. ∆s/ ooreenk. ∠ kongr. ∆e) ₂= ₂ (corr. ∠ congr. ∆s/ ooreenk. ∠ kongr. ∆e)
& these are alt. ∠ / hierdie is verw. ∠ & these are alt. ∠ / hierdie is verw. ∠ )
AD∥BC & AB∥DC (given/gegee) ∴ AD∥BC
ABCD is a /’n parallelogram 4e) In ∆ABC & ∆ADC
1. = (given / gegee)
4a) In ∆APB & ∆QRP 2. = (given / gegee)
1. = (given / gegee) 3. = (common / gemeen)
2. = (given / gegee) ∆ABC ≡ ∆ADC (s s s)
3. ₁= ₂ (vert.opp. ∠ / regoorst. ∠ ) ₁= ₂
(corr. ∠ congr. ∆s/ ooreenk. ∠ kongr. ∆e)
∆APB ≡ ∆ QRP (s∠s) & ₁= ₂
= (corr. sides congr. ∆s/ ooreenk. sye kongr. ∆e) E
4b) In ∆ABD & ∆ACD
1. = (given / gegee) 2 a) = 67°
2. = (given / gegee) b) = 13
3. = (common / gemeen) c)
= = =7
∆ABD≡∆ACD (sss)
₁= ₂ (corr. ∠ congr. ∆s/ ooreenk. ∠ kongr. ∆e) d)
= = = 10
but / maar ₁ + ₂ = 180° (adj. suppl. ∠ /aangr. suppl. ∠ )
₁ = ₂ = 90° 3a i) PT∥BC, PS∥AC, TS∥AB
AD  BC ii)
= = 4,2
4c) In ∆ABK & ∆CTK
1. = (given / gegee)
& = =3
2. = (alt. ∠ / verw. ∠ & AB∥TC)
3. = (alt. ∠ / verw. ∠ & AB∥TC) b i) = =5
or/of ₁= ₂ (vert.opp. ∠ / regoorst. ∠ ) ii) =2 =8
∆ABK ≡ ∆CTK (∠∠s)
= (corr. sides congr. ∆s/ ooreenk. sye kongr. ∆e)

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Gr 8,9 & 10 Geometry / Meetkunde Answers / Antwoorde 14

4c) In ∆BAC:
= (given / gegee)
c) T is mid-pt of BD / T is midpt van BD = (given / gegee)
M is mid-point of AD / M is midpt van AD (mid pts of 2 sides of ∆ joined/
∴ ∥ & = mid pte van 2 sye van ∆ verbind)
P is mid-point of DC / P is midpt van DC
i) In ∆FED:
= = =7
= (given / gegee)
ii) & ∥ (proven / bewys)
= = =9
(line from midpt. of 1 side∥ 2nd side /
∴ = & =
iii) lyn vanaf midpt.1sy ∥2de sy)
= =9
= & =
iv)
= =7
∴ = × =
4a) = (diagonals of parm bisect / hoeklyne van parm halveer mekaar)
In ∆ABC: 4 =

= (proved / bewys) F
& = (given / gegee)
∴ MP∥AB (mid-pts of 2 sides of ∆ joined/ mid-pte van 2 sye van ∆ verbind) 1 a) Parallelogram
4b)i) In ∆BQP: b) Parallelogram
= (given / gegee) c) Parallelogram
& ∥ (given / gegee) d) Rectangle or square / Reghoek of vierkant
∴ PD=DB (line from midpt of 1 side ∥ 2nd side/lyn vanaf midpt 1 sy ∥ 2de sy) e) Parallelogram
ii) In ∆BPR: f) Rhombus or square / Ruit of vierkant
= (proved / bewys) g) Trapezium / Trapesium
& ∥ (given / gegee) h) Kite / Vlieër
∴ BC=CR (line from midpt of 1 side ∥ 2nd side/lyn vanaf midpt 1 sy ∥ 2de sy) i) Parallelogram
AB=AQ & BC=CR 2a) ₁ + ₂ + ₁ + ₂ = 180° (co-int ∠ /ko-binne ∠ & AD∥BC)
∴ + = + but / maar ₁= ₂& ₁= ₂ (given / gegee)
2 ₂+2 ₂ = 180°
=
₂+ ₂ = 90° =
+ ₂ + ₂ = 180° (sum ∠ of ∆ / som van ∠ ∆)
= 90° =

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Gr 8,9 & 10 Geometry / Meetkunde Answers / Antwoorde 15

2 b) + ₁ = 140° (sum ∠ of ∆ / som van ∠ ∆) 2 g) kite / vlieër

but/maar = ₁ (∠s opp. eq. sides ∆ / ∠e teenoor gel. sye∆) = (given / gegee)
= = 70° = (radii)
= 110° (co-int ∠ / ko-binne ∠ & AB∥DC) & ₂ = 90° (long diagonal  short diagonal/ lang hoeklyn  kort hoeklyn)
₃ + ₁ = 70° (sum ∠ of ∆ / som van ∠ ∆) ₁ = 90° − 46° (sum ∠ of ∆ / som van ∠ ∆)
but / maar ₃ = ₁ = 35° (∠s opp. eq. sides of ∆ / ∠e teenoor gel. sye van ∆) = 44°
= ₂ = ₃ = 35° (alt ∠ /verw ∠ & AD∥BC) G
2 c) = ₁ = 75° (∠s opp. eq. sides of ∆ / ∠e teenoor gel. sye van ∆)
= 180° − 150° (sum ∠ of ∆FDG / som van ∠ ∆ FDG) 1 a) KN∥LM & KL∥NM
= 30° b) KN=LM & KL=NM
= = 75° (opp ∠ parm/ teenoorst ∠ parm) c) KN∥LM & KN=LM or /of KL∥NM & KL=NM
₂= = 75° (∠s opp. eq. sides ∆ / ∠e teenoor gel. sye∆) d) = & =
₃ = 30° (sum ∠ of ∆FEH / som van ∠ ∆ FEH) e) = & =
₁ + ₂ + ₃ = 105° (opp ∠ parm or co-int ∠ / teenoorst ∠e parm of ko-binne ∠e) 2. = (opp sides parm/ teenoorst sye parm)
₂ + 60° = 105° = (given / gegee)
₂ = 45° = − = −
2 d) ₁ + ₂ = 60° (given/gegee) = & ∥ (given / gegee)
₁ + ₂ = ₁ + ₂ = 120° (co-int ∠ / ko-binne ∠ ) ASBQ is a / ’n parallelogram
₁ = ₂ = 60° & ₁ = ₂ = 60° (diag.of rhombus bisect vertex∠ / hoeklyne van ruit halveer hoekpunt∠ ) 3 a) ₁+ ₂= ₁+ ₂ (opp ∠ parm/ teenoorst ∠ parm)
₁ + ₂ = 60° (opp. ∠ rhombus / teenoorst ∠ ruit) but/maar ₁= ₂ & ₁= ₂ (given / gegee)
2 e) PR  SQ & ST = TQ (prop. of diagonals of rhombus / eienskap van hoeklyne van ruit) 2 ₂=2 ₂
∴ ₁ = 90° , = 12 & =5 ₂= ₂
In ∆STR: = 25 + 144 (Pyth.) In ∆APD & ∆CTB
= 169 1. ₂= ₂ (proved / bewys)
= 13 2. = (opp ∠ parm/ teenoorst ∠ parm)
= = 13 (sides of rhombus equal/ sye van ruit gelyk) 3. = (opp sides parm/ teenoorst sye parm)
2 f) In ∆ABC: ∆APD ≡ ∆CTB (∠∠s)
= 25 (diagonals of rectangle bisect/ hoeklyne van reghoek halveer) = (corr sides congr ∆s/ ooreenk. sye kongr ∆e)
=7 & = 90° b) = (opp sides parm/ teenoorst sye parm)
= 25 − 7 (Pyth.) − = −
= 625 − 49 = & ∥ (given/gegee)
= 576 BPDT is a/’n parallelogram (1pr.opp sides eq.& parallel. /
= √576 1pr.teenoorst. sye gelyk & ewewydig)

= 24
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Gr 8,9 & 10 Geometry / Meetkunde Answers / Antwoorde 16

4 a) In ∆ATY & ∆CTX 7 a) In ∆FAB:

1. = (given / gegee) = (given/gegee
2. ₁= ₁ (alt ∠ /verw ∠ & DC∥AB) & ∥ (opposite sides of parm / teenoorst sye v parm)
3. ₂= ₁ (vert. opp ∠ / regoorst. ∠ ) ∴ = (line from midpt of 1 side ∥to 2nd side/ lyn vanaf midpt van 1 sy ∥2de sy)
∆ATY ≡ ∆CTX (∠∠s) b) In ∆FAD:
= (corr sides congr ∆s/ ooreenk. sye kongr ∆e) = (given/gegee)

b) = (given / gegee) & ∥ (opposite sides of parm / teenoorst sye v parm)

diagonals of AYCX bisect each other / hoeklyne van AYCX halveer mekaar ∴ = (line from midpt of 1 side ∥to 2nd side/ lyn vanaf midpt van 1 sy ∥2de sy)
∴ AYCX is a/’n parallelogram In ∆FBD:
5. In ∆PAS & ∆RBQ = (proved / bewys)
₃ = ₃ = 90° (given / gegee) & = (proved / bewys)
₁= ₁ (alt ∠ /verw ∠ & SP∥RQ)
∴ ∥ & = (midpts of 2 sides of ∆ joined / midpte van 2 sye
= (opp sides parm/ teenoorst sye parm) van ∆ verbind)
∴2 =
∆PAS ≡ ∆RBQ (∠∠s)
= (corr sides congr ∆s/ ooreenk. sye kongr ∆e) 8 a) = (given/gegee)
& ₁ = ₁ = 90° (given / gegee) & = (given/gegee)
these are alt. ∠ / hierdie is verw. ∠ diagonals of ADCF bisect / hoeklyne van ADCF halveer mekaar
PA∥BR ADCF is a / ‘n parallelogram
APBR is a /’n parallelogram (1pr.opp sides equal & parallel / 1pr.teenoorst. sye gelyk & ewewydig) b) In ∆ABC:
6 a) PB ∥ QR & PQ ∥ SR (given / gegee) = & = (given/gegee)
PQRS is a /’n parallelogram (midpts of 2 sides of ∆ joined / midpte van 2 sye van ∆
∥ & = verbind)
= (given/gegee)
& = (opposite sides of parm / teenoorst sye v parm)
∴ = & = (given/gegee)
Also / Ook = (diag. of parm / hoeklyne v parm) ∴ = (proved / bewys)
& = (given / gegee & ∥
=
AD bisects PB / AD halveer PB BCFD is a / ‘n parallelogram
ABDP is a / ‘n parallelogram (1pr opp sides equal & parallel / 1pr teenoorst sye gelyk & ewewydig)
b) = (opposite sides of parm / teenoorst sye v parm)
= (diag. of parm / hoeklyne v parm)
=

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Gr 8-10 Geometry (Eng)