Assessing the Implementation and Implication of the Road Sweeping

Machine to the Street Sweepers of Brgy. Del Pilar

Submitted to the Faculty of

STI College San Fernando

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

For the Senior High School Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersions

by

Adriano, John Jefferson

Alangco, Gerzen Drey E.

Cabrera, Paul Mark S.

Caparas, Ystephannie S.

Cunanan, Jelexandra V.

Escarcha, Elaizha A.

Santos, Christian Carlo G.

Solon, Shean Kevin S.

STEM 12B

May 2024
 Abstract

This study acknowledges the pivotal role of cleaning waste in maintaining health and

reducing human energy requirements. While numerous road cleaning machines exist, the

researchers have developed a simple, cost-effective, and user-friendly machine designed

for large-scale operations, particularly beneficial for street sweepers. These machines,

while becoming indispensable tools for cleaning public roads, aim to address the

challenges posed by advanced yet expensive alternatives. The importance of road

sweeping machines extends beyond aesthetics, impacting air quality, environmental

preservation, and the well-being of urban communities. Road sweeping machines play a

crucial role in averting pollution, preventing chemical waste, and mitigating health risks

associated with bacterial contamination. They effectively gather and eliminate undesired

elements such as dust, litter, and debris from various road surfaces. This study focuses on

the Philippines, where a significant number of street sweepers operate, aiming to enhance

their efficiency and job satisfaction. Given the challenges faced by elderly street

sweepers and the limitations of manual methods, the innovative road sweeping machine

is positioned as a comprehensive solution, capable of thorough cleaning in less time. The

primary objective of this research is to determine the perceived value of street sweepers

in relation to the efficiency and sustainability of innovative road sweeping machines.

Through this study, insights are expected to contribute to the optimization of road

cleaning practices, fostering a cleaner and healthier urban environment.

Keywords: Innovative Road Sweeping Machine, Efficiency, Sustainability, Street

Sweepers, Perceived Value.

i
 APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Science, Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics STEM in Practical Research 2, this research paper entitled, “Assessing the
Implementation and Implication of Road Sweeping Machine to the Street Sweepers
of Brgy. Del Pilar” has been prepared and submitted by Adriano, John Jefferson.
Alangco, Gerzen Drey E. Cabrera, Paul Mark S., Caparas, Ystephannie S.,
Cunanan, Jelexandra V., Escarcha, Elaizha A., Santos, Christian Carlo G., Solon,
Shean Kevin S., who are hereby recommended for acceptance and approval for ORAL
EXAMINATION.

Panel of Examiners
Approved by the PANEL ON ORAL EXAMINATION with the grade of
__________ on May __, 2024.
_________________________
MS. JESSIELYN O. YAMBAO, LPT
Instructor

_________________________ __________________________
MR. JOHN PAUL DANTES, LPT, REE MS. BIB ROBIN, LPT
Panel Member Panel Member

Accepted and approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements for Science,

Technology, Engineering and Mathematics STEM.

_________________________ _______________________________
MS. JESSIELYN YAMBAO, LPT MR. JONH RAY MEDINA, MSIT, MTA
SHS Assistant Principal OIC- Academic Head

iii
 DEDICATION

This research study is dedicated wholeheartedly and proudly to the people who

serve as a source of strength and inspiration.

To our beloved parents and friends who gave us advice and words of

encouragement to complete this study.

To the support and hard work of every member of the group and the guidance of

the professors, teachers, research advisers, and statisticians who contributed to the

success of this paper.

Finally, we dedicate this to our Almighty God, who has given us the wisdom,

skills, and strength to face each day. All of these we offer to you.

The Researchers
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We, the researchers, would like to express our most tremendous appreciation and

indebtedness, particularly to the following:

To our Research Adviser, Ms. Jessielyn Yambao who despite being

extraordinarily busy with his duties, for their invaluable guidance, support, and insightful

feedback throughout the entire research process.

Additionally, to our parents for their, unending and immeasurable love and

support, and for their tireless and selfless providing us with things we needed for our

education, and to our understanding and supportive friends and other individuals who in

one way or another shared their support, either morally, or physically, thank you. To our

Great Almighty, we are beyond thankful for your countless love and everything- you

who is the author of knowledge and wisdom. Ms. Jessielyn Yambao

The Researchers

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page 1
Abstract i
Approval Sheet ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgment iv
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
Chapter I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction 1
Significance of the Study 2
Statement of the Problem 5
Scope and Delimitations of the Study 6
Definition of Terms 7
Chapter II: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Relevant Theories 10
Related Literature 12
Conceptual Framework 23
Hypothesis 25
Chapter III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Methods and Techniques of the Study 27
Ethical Consideration 28
Population and Sample of the Study 29
Research Instrument 30
Data Gathering Procedure 31
Data Processing and Statistical Treatment 32
Chapter IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data 38
Chapter V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary of Findings 54

vii
 Conclusion 60
Recommendation 61
REFERENCES 64
APPENDICES ix
Appendix A xi
Appendix B xii
Appendix C xiii
Appendix D xiv
Appendix E x
CURRICULUM VITAE
Adriano, John Jefferson
Alangco, Gerzen Drey E.
Cabrera, Paul Mark S.
Caparas, Ystephannie S.
Cunanan, Jelexandra V.
Escarcha, Elaizha
Santos, Christian Carlo G.
Solon, Shean Kevin S.
 LIST OF TABLES

Number Name Page

1 Demographic Profile of Respondents (age) 34

2 Demographic Profile of Respondents (sex) 36

3 Frequency and Percentage 39

4 Weighted Mean for Efficiency of Traditional Street 43

Cleaning

5 Weighted Mean for Effectivity of Traditional Street 44

Cleaning

6 Weighted Mean for Convenience of Traditional 45

Street Cleaning

7 Weighted Mean for Environmental Impact of 46

Traditional Street Cleaning

8 Weighted Mean for Efficiency of Innovative Street 47

Sweeping Machine

9 Weighted Mean for Effectivity of Innovative Street 48

Sweeping Machine

10 Weighted Mean for Convenience of Innovative Street 49

Sweeping Machine

11 Weighted Mean for Environmental Impact of 50

Innovative Street Sweeping Machine
12 Correlation 51
 LIST OF FIGURES

Number Name Page

1 Conceptual Framework of the Study 25

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Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Cleaning has become a habit for people in a certain area. Through these activities,

it helps our environment sustain its cleanliness and prevent pollution. Until now, little

importance has been given to the environment it cleans around us, like the road, our

college campus, outside ground, public places, etc. Both indoor and outdoor cleaning are

becoming more and more significant in today’s world.

According to Suozzo, J. (2021) The most observable advantage of street sweeping

is that it makes your streets seem better. A street sweeper makes a street appear cleaner

and more appealing through removing broken asphalt, stains, trash, and other material.

On the other hand, dirt and waste will accumulate on a street that is never swept.

Cleaning waste is very important to our health. It reduces man’s power requirements.

Nowadays, so many road cleaning machines are available, but we have developed a

machine that is so simple in construction and easy to operate that anybody could operate

it. Hence, it is very easy to use and applicable to any large area. Therefore, operating a

simple and usable road sweeping machine could help anybody clean and throw trash

away using this machine. It makes their lives easier and much better; it lessens your time

to clean, especially in a large area that is full of trash. These machines are helpful for

street sweepers.

Road sweeping machines have become one of the best tools to clean public roads,

whereas there are some advanced street sweepers that have been invented, but they cost

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more cash to build and to buy. Therefore, the researchers chose to innovate road

sweeping machines that were much cheaper, simpler, and easier to operate without

spending a lot of money. Road-sweeping machines that are going to be capable of any

particular situation. The researchers furthermore intend to discover new features in

creating road-sweeping machines. Extend knowledge on how to build a road-sweeping

machine and what the effects of it will be on the environment.

Road & street sweeper, cleaning machine in GCC Industrial Road sweeping

machine. (n.d.) state that in our ever-expanding cities environments, road sweeping

machines are indispensable tools for maintaining roads safe and clean. Their benefits to

improved air quality, environmental preservation, and the general well-being of city

dwellers go far beyond their aesthetic value.

There are factors in road sweeping machines that help the environment sustain

cleanliness and prevent trash pollution. These averagely have huge contributions in

nature; they help avoid chemical waste by the use of road sweeping machines and at least

prevent any kind of bacteria that can affect our health. Street sweeping ensures that our

streets remain clear and safe for all users. The purpose of road sweeping machines is to

effectively gather and eliminate undesired factors such as dust, litter, and debris from

different types of road surfaces.

Although the environment is generally unknown, one important advantage of

street sweeping is the elimination of dangerous metals and other pollutants that may find

their way into our air emissions. Street sweeping contributes to the preservation of the

surrounding air, sands, and canals by lowering the quantity of road waste (Suozzo, 2021).

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The researchers decided to perform this study for street sweepers that may assist this

machine; therefore, we did this study to make them feel more at ease with their task. It

will make their job easier and more efficient than manual sweeping. Furthermore, many

street sweepers are elderly and can no longer afford to spend as many hours as possible

sweeping and spend some time sweeping. This sweeper machine can clean more

thoroughly than manual methods.

Significance of the Study

Assessing the Implementation and Implication of Road Sweeping Machine to the

Street Sweepers of Brgy. Del Pilar.

This study will be beneficial for the street sweepers of Barangay Del Pilar, City

Of San Fernando, Pampanga, since it would revolutionize the traditional street sweeping

equipment that they are currently using. The innovative road sweeping machine can be

used to assist and further improve the proficiency of street sweeping for the street

sweepers of San Fernando, Pampanga. Above conclusion, the significance of this study

are the following:

Street Sweepers. Street Sweepers job and efficiency would be greatly improved

by the innovation of road sweeping machine. Especially the street sweepers in Del Pilar,

it will help them accomplish more task in a shorter amount of time with the use of the

innovative sweeping machine, rather than using the traditional method that uses broom

for sweeping and cleaning streets.

Researchers. The researchers would be able to gain more insight and knowledge

about street sweeping machines.

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Teachers. Teachers can gain insight and idea on how a street machine is built and

operated. They can use it to teach their students how a street sweeping machine operates.

It would also give them a rough idea on its benefits and its impact to the community.

Future Researchers. This study would serve as a basis for future research

regarding the further innovation of street sweeping machine. This study aims to develop

and produce a working prototype of innovative street sweeping machine. This study can

serve as a guide for the future researchers to further develop and improve the

shortcomings of this research.

Community. The community would be able to determine the significance of

having a street sweeping machine. It will make the community cleaner and neater than

before. With the end of this research all the data that were collected can be accessed by

the community making them have a free access to the benefits and result of this research.

It can enable them to develop and make their own street sweeping machine using the data

that were collected in this study.

Sustainability for Street Sweeper. The focus on sustainability aligns with global

environmental concerns, promoting eco-friendly practices in urban maintenance. A

sustainable street sweeper not only reduces the environmental footprint but also aligns

with the growing demand for green technologies in urban development.

Municipalities and urban administrators. Improved efficiency and

sustainability in street cleaning operations lead to cost savings, optimized resource

allocation, and enhanced city aesthetics. Municipalities can achieve higher levels of

cleanliness with reduced environmental impact.

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Street cleaning services and companies. Companies providing street cleaning

services can adopt and market the innovative road sweeping machine, gaining a

competitive edge. Efficiency gains and sustainability contribute to long-term viability and

positive public perception.

Residents and the general public. Cleaner streets enhance the overall quality of

urban life. Reduced air and noise pollution, along with improved aesthetics, create a

healthier and more pleasant living environment for residents.

Environmental Advocates and Organizations. The focus on sustainability

aligns with environmental goals, promoting eco-friendly practices in urban maintenance.

This study supports the agenda of organizations advocating for cleaner and greener cities.

Technology and Manufacturing Industries. Companies involved in the

development and manufacturing of road sweeping machines stand to gain from the

demand for innovative and sustainable solutions. This study can drive advancements in

the technology and manufacturing sectors.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of Road Sweeping

Machine through environmental impact and conveniency to the street sweepers of Brgy.

Del Pilar, City of San Fernando, Pampanga.

. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

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1. Demographic Profile of Street Sweepers in Barangay Del Pilar.

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

2. How does the street sweeper describe the Traditional Street Cleaning in terms of:

2.1 Efficiency

2.2 Effectivity

2.3 Convenience

2.4 Environmental Impact

3. How does the street sweeper describe the Road Sweeping Machine in terms of:

2.1 Efficiency

2.2 Effectivity

2.3 Convenience

2.4 Environmental Impact

4. Is there are significant difference between Traditional Street Cleaning and Road

Sweeping Machine?

5. What is improvement potential in the efficiency and effectiveness of road

sweeping machines?

Scope and the Delimitations of the Study

This study focuses on the perceived value of the street sweepers towards the

innovation of road sweeping machines specifically design for the street sweepers in Del

Pilar, City of San Fernando, Pampanga. It aims to explore and implement advanced

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technologies to improve efficiency and sustainability in urban street cleaning practices

within this specific location area.

The research is limited to the Barangay Del Pilar, City of San Fernando Pampanga,

and its street sweeping operations. The findings may not be directly applicable to other

cities or regions with distinct demographic, infrastructural, or environmental

characteristics. Additionally, the study does not address broader municipal sanitation

systems beyond the scope of road sweeping machines.

Definition of Terms

Aesthetic. Value the value that an object, event, or state of affairs (most

paradigmatically an artwork or the natural environment) possesses in virtue of its

capacity to elicit pleasure (positive value) or displeasure (negative value) when

appreciated or experienced aesthetically (Plato & Meskin, 2014).

Cleaning. The activity of removing the dirt from things and places, especially in

a house (Cambridge dictionary, 2024).

Debris removal. The process of removing debris, or waste materials, from a

particular area. This can refer to a wide range of materials, including garbage, rubble

from construction or demolition, and other waste products (What Is Debris Removal? —

Sikes Concrete, n.d.).

Dwellers. A person who lives in a city, town, cave, etc. (Cambridge dictionary,

2024).

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Eco-friendly. Products or services are less harmful to the environment than other

similar products or services. (ECO-FRIENDLY Definition and Meaning | Collins English

Dictionary, 2024).

Efficient. Productive of desired effects; especially : capable of producing desired

results with little or no waste (as of time or materials) (Merriam-Webster dictionary,

2024).

Environment. The complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors (such as

climate, soil, and living things) that act upon an organism or an ecological community

and ultimately determine its form and survival (Merriam-Webster dictionary, 2024).

Environmental impact. Pollution, contamination, or destruction that occurs as a

consequence of an action, that can have short-term or long-term ramifications is

considered an environmental impact (Islam & Ryan, 2016).

Indispensable tool. They are absolutely essential and other people or things

cannot function without them (INDISPENSABLE TOOL Definition and Meaning |

Collins English Dictionary, 2024).

Innovation. A new idea or method (Cambridge dictionary, 2024).

Microrelief. Slight irregularities of a land surface causing variations in elevation

amounting to no more than a few feet (Merriam-Webster dictionary, 2024).

Pollution. The introduction of harmful materials into the environment (National

geographic, n.d.).

Preservation. The activity of protecting something from loss or danger

(Preservation - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms, n.d.).

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Prototype. An original model on which something is patterned (Merriam-

Webster dictionary, 2024).

Street sweeper. A worker employed to clean streets (especially one employed by

a municipal sanitation department) (Vocabulary.com, n.d.).

Sustainability. Ability to maintain or support a process over time

(Mollenkamp, 2023).

Urban. Belonging to, or relating to, a town or city (URBAN Definition and

Meaning | Collins English Dictionary, 2024).

Viability. The ability to live, grow, and develop (Merriam-Webster dictionary,

2024)

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Chapter II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter presented the relevant theories, the related literature and studies, the

conceptual framework, and the definition of the variables of the study.

Relevant theories

Theories are developed to explain, predict, and comprehend phenomena, as well

as to challenge and extend existing understanding, all within the boundaries of the critical

bounding assumptions.

Various theories and perspectives have been forwarded to shed light on the

present study. This study is supported by the theory of: Technology Acceptance Model

and User Innovation Theory

The theories listed below serve as the foundation for clarifying the current research:

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The technology acceptance model is a

framework for understanding how people acquire and use technology. TAM was created

in 1989 by Fred Davis to shed light on the elements that influence user acceptance of

technology. According to this approach, perceived simplicity of use and perceived utility

have a major impact on consumer acceptability.

TAMs main premise is that people are more inclined to embrace and adopt

technology if they find it user friendly and beneficial, in their context. Perceived ease of

use refers to how individuals perceive the simplicity and straightforwardness of using the

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technology. On the hand perceived usefulness relates to users’ belief in how the

technology can enhance their efficiency, productivity or overall performance.

Understanding the adoption of technology relies on the interplay between perceived ease

of use and perceived utility within TAM. Users are more likely to accept a technology if

they perceive it as both easy to use and valuable. TAM has found applications across

domains such as business, healthcare, education and information technology because it

provides a framework, for assessing factors influencing acceptance and usage of

technology.

The Chocolate Model (CACAO Model). Diane Dormant’s Chocolate Model,

introduced in 2011, offers a comprehensive framework for understanding and

implementing innovation adoption and organizational change. Unlike Rogers' Innovation

Diffusion Theory, which focuses more broadly on diffusion patterns, the Chocolate

Model specifically targets organizational change and innovation adoption. Structured

around four key elements – change, adopters, change agent(s), and the organization – it

emphasizes the importance of thorough analysis and planning. By utilizing the CACAO

acronym (Change, Adopters, Change Agents, Organization), the model facilitates easy

recall and application in planning processes. Initially, the process involves analyzing the

change itself, followed by assessing the adopters and identifying appropriate change

agents. Subsequently, a plan is formulated, taking into account the organizational context

and potential impacts on various aspects of the organization. Flexibility is built into the

model, allowing for plan revisions based on outcomes of organizational analysis before

implementation.

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The Chocolate Model aligns well with TAM in that change characteristics are

similar. As in TAM, adopters look at the relative advantage of the innovation or change

(Dormant, 2011) – referred to as the “perceived usefulness” in TAM (Straub, 2009).

Adopters also look at the simplicity and compatibility the innovation represents – the

“perceived ease of use” in TAM (Dormant, 2011; Straub, 2009). Two elements not

discussed in TAM but called out in the Chocolate Model are the adaptability of the

innovation to the specific needs of the adopters and the social impact of the change –

what the change will mean for the social structure and climate of the organization

(Dormant, 2011).

Review of Related Literature

This chapter shows the related literature and studies after the in-depth search done

by the researchers. This will also include a review of the literature, a theoretical and

conceptual framework for fully comprehending the research to be conducted, and a

definition of terms for better understanding of the study.

Related Literature

Divinagracia, J.D, (2022) nowadays, using street sweepers and cleaners to

remove all types of dirt from the roads and drainage systems is a common solid waste

management technique. Street sweeping is a collection of actions pertaining to the

cleanliness of the street (pavements and surrounding boundaries of roads and grassed and

planted areas). Concessions are issued to independent contractors to reduce the garbage

observed in the streets of Manila every day. It involves flyposting, graffiti clearance, and

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waste materials picking. The goal of this is to create urban surroundings that are both

aesthetically beautiful and healthy.

According to H, P., et al. (2018) Cleaning is a basic need for all humans and is

required for everyday regular processes. The traditional road and floor cleaning machines

are widely utilized in a variety of applications, including roadways, railway stations,

airports, hospitals, bus stops, multi-story buildings, and colleges. This machine also

operates on human energy. It is both user and environmentally friendly. It is a superior

alternative to traditional machines. When compared to existing machinery, the manually

operated eco-friendly road and floor cleaner may perform very efficiently in terms of

covering area, time, and cost of the road cleaning process.

One of the daily routine's essential processes is cleaning. Human health is

directly and indirectly protected by efficient cleaning and sanitization. The paths we

walk on need to be cleaned as part of that cleaning. In our nation, plastics, leftover fruits

and vegetables, paper products, and other debris are all over the local roadways. Road

washing by hand is dangerous and time-consuming. Therefore, road cleaning machines

are utilized to lessen the workload that falls on people to clean roads. The machines that

are available for this process are highly expensive. Thus, we have put forth a design that

is both affordable and straightforward to use. This environmentally friendly equipment

runs on a mechanical system. The fundamental calculations and design, including power

transfer, force requirements, and component dimensions, are presented in this study

(Tripathi et al., 2023).

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Triphati, V. K., (2023) observed that cleaning is an essential part of the everyday

routine. Effective cleaning and sanitizing both directly and indirectly protects human

health. Cleaning the roads where we walk is an important element of cleaning. Local

highways in our country are cluttered with plastics, vegetables, fruit, and paper garbage,

among other things. Manual road cleaning is time-consuming and dangerous. Thus, Road

Cleaning Machines are utilized to lessen the stress on humans when it comes to road

cleaning. The machines available for this process are relatively expensive. As a result, we

offer a solution that is both cost effective and straightforward to implement.

According to Rony H. (2020) The design of the street sweeper involves looking

for a solution that can ease the work of the street sweeper during the design phase. The

design process began with current goods, an examination of street sweeper action, and

anthropometric measurements of components and users. This design obtained a draft

meaning a cheaper road sweeper and is predicted to streamline and improve street

sweeper work efficiency.

Deshmukh, H. T., et al. (2023) stated that the road cleaner is used to maintain the

environment clean. So that we can feel refreshed when walking down the street. In

general, numerous machines such as electric motors, diesel engines, and robots are

utilized to clean the floor and road in the present period. However, such processes

generate a lot of pollution, require a lot of maintenance, and are extremely difficult to

carry out. So, in order to save energy and save the environment, it is necessary to build

user-friendly road and floor cleaning machines.

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This study focuses at the risks on street sweepers' occupational health that they

experience in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. By eliminating pollutants, street

sweepers significantly contribute to traffic safety. However, they also run the possibility

of developing occupational diseases due to exposure to dust, volatile organic matter,

bioaerosols, and mechanical stress. 100 street sweepers from three significant Local

Government Areas were questioned for the study, which revealed that 88% of the

workers were female and varied in age. Results revealed that respondents had received

little instruction in waste management and cleaning methods, even though a sizable

percentage of them were aware of the risks involved in their line of work. Based on the

findings, suggestions for additional research as well as enhancements to education and

awareness campaigns were deliberated (Olafimihan et al., 2020).

Ragazzi, M. (2023) observed that the removal of street waste (including dust

from tire and bitumen wear) has a dual benefit: it reduces the resuspension of dust in the

atmosphere caused by turbulence caused by vehicle movement, and it reduces the

spreading of plastic particles in the environment (particularly stormwater).

Road sweepers are continually present machines that gather road waste and sweep

dirt from our streets and sidewalks, which results in preserving the cleanliness and health

of our towns. They are frequently quite mechanical tools that must operate under severe

settings while dealing with various types of abandoned trash and natural garbage. They

are typically made up of revolving brushes, collector belts and bins, and occasionally

water or air streams. All of these mechanical tools have high power demands and are

susceptible to wear and tear (Donati, L., et al. 2020)

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Occupational exposure to sweeping has been linked to the development of

chronic respiratory illnesses skin disorders, eye irritation, asthma, tuberculosis, and

hypertension among employees, according to research. The majority of the other non-

fatal injuries discovered were musculoskeletal in nature. Cleaners usually work with their

backs bent and backs bowed. Every day, they perform a number of repetitious tasks.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are pain, soreness, or discomfort in any anatomical

part of the body, including the neck, shoulders, upper back, lower back, elbows, wrists, or

hands, as well as the hips or thighs, knees, ankles, or feet. Cleaning and sanitizing on a

regular basis not only protect human health but also reduces pest infestations and

increases the durability of surfaces (Wargantiwar, N., Bhaiswar, V. N., & Khond, V. W.

2023).

Kumar, C. R., et al. (2021) points out that the road cleaning machine has

many roles, the most significant of which is cleanliness, which is becoming an important

aspect for the nation, as well as the design and operation of a semi-automatic road

cleaning machine. The cleaning machine is a method of delivering simple and time-

efficient road cleaning by decreasing the need for human labor. Because of reliability and

expendability, this simplified road cleaning machine with adapted technology is

appropriate for Indian conditions. Since the total cost of the system is very low, and just a

one-time investment is necessary to reduce labor charges. It will dramatically reduce

human work and be extremely beneficial in cleaning roads, especially in traffic. Because

of these advantages, using this technique aids in road cleaning.

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Korytov, M. S., et al. (2020) stated that a good enough pressing force of the

brush equipment to the surface being cleaned should be provided to achieve maximum

cleaning efficiency. A schematic diagram of a sweeping machine working process was

created as a complex dynamic system, which included a basic machine, brush and

running equipment, a hydraulic drive, a road surface, and a microrelief control device,

which reflected the effect of the microrelief on the vertical coordinate of the working

equipment.

Evangelista, A. S. (2022) stated that machines for cleaning floors are widely used

in many different contexts, including roadways, railroad sand, etc. The objective of this

project was to utilize an inexpensive material that is easy to handle and control. It is a

better option than conventional machining. When compared to machinery, this manually

driven, eco-friendly road cleaning machine can work incredibly well in terms of area,

time, and cost. It is also low-cost. It is friendly to users and the environment alike.

Habybabady, R. H., et. al. (2018) stated that health risks experienced by street

sweepers and garbage collectors to a control group of university employees. It discovers

that street sweepers and garbage collectors have greater rates of HCV seropositivity,

parasite infestations, skin irritation, respiratory symptoms, and workplace injuries. They

also have low hemoglobin levels. There are no significant changes in HBV infection, eye

complaints, joint, or lower back discomfort. The report emphasizes the lack of medical

checkups, vaccinations, safety training, and health education among street sweepers. It

states that these workers face severe health risks and proposes the establishment of safety

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precautions, infection control rules, frequent medical check-ups, and personal protective

equipment.

Street cleaning is an important part of keeping cities clean, and government

programs such as the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban and the publishing of Solid Waste

Management Rules 2016 help to promote this. Despite this, little research has been

conducted on the elements that influence street sweeping efficiency. This study seeks to

comprehend these aspects via the eyes of street sweepers. Ahmedabad City, a top-

performing city in cleanliness ratings, was selected as the case study. 310 street sweepers

from 14 wards were selected using stratified random sampling, and Focus Group

Discussions (FGDs) were held. Additionally, discussions with officials supported survey

findings. The study finds that Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) expend large resources in

street sweeping, with main issues limiting efficiency include lack of incentive and

recognition for sweepers, Conflicts with inhabitants, poor roadway conditions and

equipment, and various settlement patterns. These findings show gaps in service planning

(Factors affecting the cleanliness of urban streets: Perspective of street sweepers of

Ahmedabad, 2019).

Cleaning is essential for daily routines and protecting human health. Road

cleaners are used to keep the surroundings clean and fresh. Modern technology, such as

electric motors and robots, creates pollution and maintenance. To save energy and nature,

a user-friendly machine is needed. The dust cleaning machine system consists of wheels

connected by a shaft, a handle, and a chain drive. The brush moves in different directions,

brooming and dumping waste into a waste-collecting box. This alternative to electric

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cleaning machines can help conserve energy and nature (Manually Operated Eco-

Friendly Road and Floor Dust Cleaning Machine, 2020).

Cleaning is a daily routine for humans, and conventional machines are widely

used in various settings. However, these machines require electrical energy and are not

user-friendly or eco-friendly. Power crises can make them unusable during the summer.

A project aims to develop a low-cost, manually operated floor cleaning machine that can

be an alternative during power crises. The machine aims to achieve simultaneous dry and

wet cleaning in a single run, make it cost-effective, and reduce maintenance costs. This

project aims to develop methods for systematic ergonomic evaluation of new products

and develop less labor-oriented cleaning machines to meet the growing demand in India

(Joshi et al., 2021).

Maintaining a sterile environment and preventing the spread of impurities and

dirt to ourselves and other people are the goals of cleaning. Land pollution in

developing nations like Namibia is mostly caused by various industrial operations,

including building, manufacturing, repairing, etc. These materials are typically swept or

removed by municipal trucks or by workers who are paid to undertake the task. It has

been determined that the conventional sweeping technique is harmful to people's health.

This project proposes the design and construction of an eco-friendly and more

affordable hand-operated sweeping machine in an effort to address the issue of

promoting cleanliness in the nation and replace the conventional cleaning method with a

modern mechanized one. The device was powered by a chain and sprocket system

(Erinosho et al., 2023).

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Related Studies

The results of the performance testing revealed that as the energy input and speed

grew, so did the machine’s sweeping efficiency. The comparison of developed

mechanical street sweepers with hand-held broom sweeping on streets, parks, markets,

and main roads revealed considerable improvements in time, swept area, output energy,

and efficiency. (Kasali, A. A., et al. 2020).

Vishnu, A. A., et. al. (2022) proves that the influence of sweeping tasks on

cleanliness and their implications on the human body, specifically the spine. The

researchers used digital human modeling to measure handedness in sweeping jobs under

several circumstances, including utilizing a single broom, one broom in each hand, and a

broom with an extended handle. They take into account broom lengths for persons at

various percentiles (5th, 50th, and 95th). The study employs the L4/L5 compressive force

in the spine as the response variable. The results show that both population percentiles

and broom length have a substantial impact on the compressive stress on the spine across

all scenarios.

This paper focuses on designing a manual, pollution-free, eco-friendly, cost-

effective, portable, and low-maintenance road cleaner. Unlike conventional machines,

which require electrical energy and are not user-friendly, this project uses easily available

materials and has low costs. It aims to spread the idea of this eco-friendly, cost-effective,

and portable solution to everyone, as cleaning is a basic need for daily routines. The

project is particularly useful during power crises and is a better alternative to

conventional machines (Deokar et al., 2023).

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This study focused on the health risks, usage of personal protective equipment

(PPE), and work hazards among street sweepers in Uyo, Nigeria. A semi-structured

questionnaire was used along with a descriptive cross-sectional design and 150

individuals to collect data for the study. The frequency of risks like cold, dust,

mosquitoes, and extended bending that cause respiratory symptoms and musculoskeletal

disorders are among the important discoveries. The study found that less personal

protective equipment (PPE) was used, especially goggles and boots, and that there were

links between not using PPE and certain health problems. The necessity of better PPE

provision and usage among street sweepers is emphasized in the conclusion in order to

address workplace hazards and lower health risks (Oe & Ua, 2020).

Four Mechanical Engineering students from the Technological Institute of the Philippines

devised a pedal-powered road sweeper, known as walis de padyak in Filipino, that makes

road sweeping easier and faster. As a result, they created a device that can assist street

sweepers, many of whom are old, who clean the roads on a regular basis. The pedal-

operated road sweeper is essentially a tricycle with a compartment connected to it meant

to gather rubbish without having to manually sweep it. This would obviously be

appreciated by street sweepers, as they would no longer have to walk while pushing a

kariton or carrying a broom and shovel. Their job would be made easier in general

(Fanoga, J. 2022)

Zamora, M. B., et al. (2018) discovered that the goal of designing this device

was to reduce the labor of street sweepers. The device is chain and mechanism-inspired,

and it cleans using a brush. According to the findings, the design, construction, and

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testing of a human-powered street sweeper employing the chain and sprocket system

were all successful. The machine reduces the physical exertion and ergonomic risks that

street sweepers confront. This gadget also makes the task of sweepers easier and faster.

Synthesis

The review of related literature provides comprehensive insights into the

importance of cleaning for maintaining human health and environmental well-being.

Triphati (2023) emphasizes the necessity of effective cleaning routines, particularly in

outdoor spaces like roads, plagued with various forms of waste. Traditional manual

cleaning methods are time-consuming and hazardous, prompting the adoption of road

cleaning machines to alleviate human labor. However, such machines are often costly,

urging the need for cost-effective solutions. Rony (2020) highlights the significance of

designing street sweepers that enhance efficiency and ease of operation. Deshmukh et al.

(2023) echo the need for environmentally friendly cleaning machines to combat pollution

and maintenance issues associated with conventional methods. Ragazzi (2023)

emphasizes the dual benefits of street waste removal, reducing atmospheric dust and

plastic pollution. Moreover, Korytov et al. (2020) underscore the importance of adequate

brush pressure for maximum cleaning efficiency, outlining the complexities of sweeping

machine dynamics. Occupational health concerns among cleaners are addressed by

Wargantiwar et al. (2023). Various studies propose innovative solutions to improve street

cleaning efficiency while minimizing environmental impact. Fanoga (2022) introduces a

pedal-powered road sweeper, aiming to alleviate the physical strain on street sweepers

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and enhance overall efficiency. Divinagracia (2022) discusses the widespread use of

street cleaning machines for solid waste management, emphasizing the importance of

urban cleanliness. Furthermore, Evangelista (2022) advocates for manually operated, eco-

friendly cleaning machines as cost-effective alternatives to conventional methods.

Erinosho et al. (2023) propose the design of an affordable hand-operated sweeping

machine to promote cleanliness and replace outdated cleaning techniques.

The summary concludes by highlighting the complexity of the problems

associated with street cleaning and the variety of solutions that have been suggested. The

literature emphasizes the significance of effective and sustainable street cleaning machine

procedures for community health and well-being, from functional design concerns to

ecologically friendly solutions.

Conceptual Framework

The utilized conceptual framework is the Input-Process-Output (IPO) model,

shown in the Figure 1. The term "IPO model" describes a visual representation of every

component of a process. Every piece of information and material needed for the process

is shown in the IPO diagram, together with all the process's precise specifics and a list of

all the products and by products it produced. Furthermore, academics across a range of

disciplines frequently employ the IPO model. This method of characterizing the structure

of an information processing program or other process is used in system analysis and

software engineering. The Input indicates the respondents' demographics and the

elements relating to the dependent and independent variables of the innovative road

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sweeping machine make up the input. Typically, all the information listed in the problem

statement is specified here. The Process comprises the use of questionnaires, making

observations, acquiring data, and handling data statistically. Data tabulation, analysis, and

interpretation are also included. The entire process is covered, starting with the

information or data collection necessary to perform the educational study and concluding

with results and recommendations. The Output referred as the action done after

evaluating the study's findings. Considerations are given to the action plan, the

intervention program, the planned program, activities, modules, and other relevant items.

Additionally, the study's outcomes are listed here, including the respondents' perceived

value regarding the innovation of road sweeping machine, and other relevant outcomes.

(Canonizado I.C., 2021) Figure 1

Conceptual Framework of the Study

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Statement of the The street sweepers of Brgy.

Collection of data through Del Pilar, City of San
problem
questionnaires/ survey Fernando, Pampanga
Application of statistical perceived value towards

treatment innovation of street

sweeping machine efficiency
Analysis and interpretation
and its sustainability
of data

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As shown in the figure above, the input phase presents the validated statement of

the problem. The process involves distributing and administering self-made, validated

survey questionnaires to respondents, along with the statistical analysis and interpretation

of the collected data. Finally, the output is the descriptive data reflecting the perceived

value of the innovative road sweeping machine. This assessment evaluates the potential

of aiding street sweepers in Brgy. Santo Rosario, City of San Fernando, Pampanga,

focusing on enhancing efficiency and sustainability in street sweeping. The significance

lies in the economic and environmental benefits derived from a streamlined street

sweeping process. A well-executed approach ensures comprehensive debris removal,

elevating cleanliness and aesthetics, and plays a vital role in environmental conservation

by curbing pollution and mitigating the ecological impact of street cleaning operations.

Moreover, the study aims to determine; perceived value of street sweepers regarding the

efficiency and sustainability of innovative road sweeping machine. This conceptual

framework outlines the research process, variables, and potential contributions of the

researchers' study to the machine's development.

Hypothesis of the Study

H o = There are no significant value between traditional street cleaning and

innovative road sweeping machine to the street sweepers of barangay Del Pilar, City of

San Fernando, Pampanga.

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H A = There are significant value between traditional street cleaning and

innovative road sweeping machine to the street sweepers of barangay Del Pilar, City of

San Fernando, Pampanga.

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Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals with the methods and techniques of the study, the population

and sample of the study, the research instruments and validation, the data gathering

procedures, and the processing of data.

Methods and Techniques of the Study

The researchers will employ a mixed method and use experimental research to

determine the efficiency and effectiveness of road sweeping machines. This method will

be used to gather data about varying subjects and is undertaken when the investigator is

probing or exploring areas where little is known about the research problem. Also,

surveys and interviews will be employed to collect, analyze, and summarize the

efficiency and effectiveness of road sweeping machines for the street sweepers as a result

of their experiences in using the road sweeping machine. The process of conducting an

investigation utilizing two or more variables and a scientific method is known as

experimental research. To put it another way, it's the process of gathering two or more

variables, comparing them, and testing them in controlled settings (Çobanoğlu, 2023).

Quantitative methods, as defined by the USC University of Southern California

(“Research Methods and Design; Quantitative Method,” n.d.), are objective

measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected

through polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data

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using computational techniques. Quantitative research focuses on gathering numerical

data and generalizing it across groups of people or to explain a particular phenomenon.

( Wadsworth Cengage, 2010)

The qualitative method, as defined by the SCRIBBR (“Research Methods and

Design; Qualitative Method” n.d.), involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data

(e.g., text, video, or audio) to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences. It can be

used to gather in-depth insights into a problem or generate new ideas for

research.Qualitative research is the opposite of quantitative research, which involves

collecting and analyzing numerical data for statistical analysis (Pritha Bandari, 2020,

June 19).

Ethical Consideration

Respondents will receive a thorough explanation of the study's purpose.

Participation is entirely voluntary, and participants may opt out at any point without

facing any consequences or losing any entitlements. The researchers have taken measures

to ensure that participants will not experience any physical, emotional, or psychological

harm. If respondents choose to discontinue their participation in the questionnaire at any

stage, they are free to do so. Each respondent will provide informed consent, as outlined

in the questionnaire's cover letter.

In the informed consent, the researchers made sure that the provision of the

Republic Act No. 10173 or also known as Data Privacy Act of 2012 are followed. All

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information that the researchers will gather will be kept with utmost confidentiality and

will be used for research purposes only. Proper storage of the survey questionnaires will

be observed. Lastly, proper and ethical disposal of data and survey questionnaires will be

done after three (3) years.

Population and Sample of the Study

A mixed-methods research design was employed to collect both quantitative and

qualitative data. This approach targeted street sweepers in a major metropolitan area, a

demographic often overlooked in studies on occupational health despite their unique

work-related risks. For the quantitative portion, the research utilized snowball sampling, a

technique chosen due to the challenges of compiling a comprehensive directory of street

sweepers. Starting from a known small group, street sweepers were asked to refer their

peers, eventually resulting in 50 participants agreeing to take part in the research. This

strategy proved effective in reaching a population that is otherwise difficult to access, as

not every member is readily identifiable or approachable by researchers (Biernacki &

Waldorf, 1981).

For the qualitative part of the study, simple random sampling was implemented to

select a subset of the original 50 participants, ensuring each had an equal opportunity to

be chosen. This method was intended to capture a wide range of experiences and

viewpoints. Ultimately, ten street sweepers were chosen for a further set of

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questionnaires. Simple random sampling is recognized as a probability sampling method

where every individual has the same chance of being selected. This approach is known

for its high internal and external validity, minimizing the risks of selection and sampling

biases (Thomas, L. 2023, December 18).

Research Instruments

Validated questionnaires were used to obtain the data needed in the study. The

participants answered three (3) set of questions. Which is the set a the efficiency,

effetivity, convenience and the environmental impact of traditional street cleaning and

consists of twenty (20) questions. The set b is the efficiency, effectivity, convinience and

the environmental impact of the innovative road sweeping machine and consits of twenty

(20) questions. Set a and b are close ended questions where likert scale is used. A Likert

scale is a psychometric scale to measure respondents' attitudes, opinions, or behaviors. It

typically consists of several statements or items to which respondents are asked to

indicate their level of agreement or disagreement, usually on a 5- or 7-point scale ranging

from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree". The Likert scale provides a quantifiable

measurement of attitudes or opinions, allowing researchers to analyze and interpret data.

(Fleetwood, D. 2023). The set c consists of five (5) open ended questions, wherein this

set of questions focuses on comparing traditional street cleaning methods with the

innovative road sweeping machine and exploring various aspects related to their

effectiveness, operator perceptions, challenges encountered, and current performance.

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Data Gathering Procedure

To gather the necessary data for the study, the researchers followed a

systematic approach. First, a convincing, detailed, and well-written letter asking for

permission to conduct the study had been created.

The researcher developed a survey questionnaire, which was reviewed and

validated by a subject professor for accuracy and clarity. Subsequently, the researchers

distributed the validated questionnaire to 50 street sweepers selected as respondents

within Barangay Del Pilar, City of San Fernando, Pampanga. Each respondent received a

questionnaire checklist to ensure completeness and accuracy in their responses. Also 10

random respondents from the 50 respondents will receive a questionnaire that will have a

qualitative question.

The researcher emphasized to the participants the significance of their responses

to the study and provided clarifications on certain terms as needed. The data gathering

method employed was an organized interview, which combines elements of both

quantitative and qualitative approaches. This method involved a structured series of

questions designed to gather relevant data on the research topic. Following the

completion of the questionnaire, the researchers will carefully evaluate and analyze the

collected data. To ensure the appropriate application of statistical methods and to analyze

the outcomes effectively, the researchers seek the support of a statistician. With the

insights gained from the data analysis, the researchers will draw conclusions and offer

recommendations pertinent to the study's objectives.

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The target respondents of this study are the street sweepers in the Barangay Del

Pilar, City of San Fernando, Pampanga.

The researcher provided assurance to the respondent that their responses would be

kept confidential and anonymous. Once the participants finished completing the

questionnaires, the researcher will collate and summarize the collected data in preparation

for analysis.

Data Processing

The data gathered from the survey was carefully recorded in tables, analysed, and

interpreted accordingly based on the results of the statistical treatment.

The researchers used the information provided by the interviewees to gain

understanding, resolve issues, and enhance the study to produce better results. With the

informations processed, the researchers were able to identify the perceived value of street

sweepers towards innovative road sweeping machine.

Statistical Treatment

Upon consolidation of the data gathered, the researcher will employ frequency

count and percentage distribution.

The following statistical procedure will be used to interpret the data gathered

from the respondents of the study.

1. Simple Percentage. This statistical tool was used in gathering the number of
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respondents using the simple percentage with the following formula: P=F/N

(100).

Where:

P = Percentage

F = Frequency for each category

N = Total number of respondents

100 = Constant multiplier

2. Raosoft. Software that calculates and generates the sample size of a research

survey. Moreover, the Raosoft sample size calculator offers both the sample size

and confidence interval level calculation to minimize frustrations encountered

during the research. Additionally, this software takes into consideration the

margin of error, the confidence level, and response distribution and it offers the

viz-a-viz of what the margin of error would be like with the various sample sizes

(projecttopic.2018).

3. Tally. A tally chart is a simple way of recording and counting frequencies. The

tallies can then be counted to give the frequency.

4. Frequency. The rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular

period of time or in a given sample.

5. Weighted Mean. This statistical tool was used to compute the weight of the

responses in the questionnaire assigned by the respondents during the actual data-

gathering procedure this formula for the weighted mean is as follows: WM= ∑
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FW / N

Where:

WM= Weighted Mean

∑= Summation symbol

F= Frequency for each option

W= Assigned weight

N= Total number of frequencies

The following are the corresponding verbal interpretations for the weighted mean.

Table 4
Verbal Interpretation for the Weighted Mean

Weighted Mean/Equivalent Corresponding Remarks

3.26 – 4.00 Very Good

2.56 – 3.25 Good

1.76 – 2.55 Fair

1.00 – 1.75 Fail

6. Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Correlation between sets of data is a measure of

how well they are related. The most common measure of correlation in statistics is

Pearson Correlation. The full name is Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). It

shows the linear relationship between two sets of data. In simple terms, it answers the

question, Can I draw a line graph to represent the data? Two letters are used to represent

the Pearson correlation: the Greek letter rho (ρ) for a population and the letter “r” for a
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sample. Pearson Correlation Coefficient formula is as follows: r =NΣXY – (ΣX) (ΣY) /

√ [NΣX2 – (ΣX)2] [NΣY2 – (ΣY)2]

Where:

r = Pearson Coefficient

n= number of the pairs of the stock

∑xy = sum of products of the paired stocks

∑x = sum of the x scores

∑y= sum of the y scores

∑x2 = sum of the squared x scores

∑y2 = sum of the squared y scores

Verbal Interpretation Pearson. The most commonly used measure of

association is Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient (Pearson correlation

coefficient). The Pearson correlation coefficient or as it is denoted by r is a measure of

any linear trend between two variables. The value of r ranges between −1 and 1.

The value of r2 is called the coefficient of determination. The coefficient of

determination is the percentage of variance that could be explained by the two variables.

When r = zero. It means that there is no linear association between the variables.

However, there might be some nonlinear relationship but if r = zero then there is no

consistent linear component to that relationship.

When r = 1. It means that there is a perfect positive linear relationship between

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the variables, and all individuals sampled lie exactly on the line of best fit with a positive

slope.

If 0 < r < 1. Then there is a positive linear trend, and the sampled individuals are

scattered around the line of best fit; the smaller the absolute value of r the less well the

data can be visualized by a single linear relationship. If r is positive, then an increase in

the value of one variable is associated with an increase in the other variable.

When r = −1. It means that there is a perfect negative relationship between the

variables, and all individuals sampled lie exactly on the line of best fit with a negative

slope.

If −1 < r < 0. Then sampled individuals will be scattered around the e variables,

and all individuals sampled lie exactly on the; the smaller the absolute value of r the less

well the data can be visualized by a single linear relationship.

Table 5
Verbal Interpretation for the Pearson r

Pearson r Interpretation

0.0 no correlation

± .01 - .24 very low or negligible correlation

± .25 - .49 moderately low correlation

± .50 - .74 moderately high correlation

± .75 - .99 very high correlation

± 1.0 perfect correlation

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*All data were treated using SPSS 20 software. You may use this software.

CHAPTER IV

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PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the textual and tabular presentation, statistical analysis and

interpretation of the data gathered.

Specifically, the researchers will seek answers to the following questions:

1. Demographic Profile of Street Sweepers in Barangay Del Pilar.

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

2. How does the street sweeper describe the Traditional Street Cleaning in terms of:

2.1 Efficiency

2.2 Effectivity

2.3 Convenience

2.4 Environmental Impact

3. How does the street sweeper describe the Road Sweeping Machine in terms of:

2.1 Efficiency

2.2 Effectivity

2.3 Convenience

2.4 Environmental Impact

4. Is there are significant value between Traditional Street Cleaning and Road

Sweeping Machine?

5. What is improvement potential in the efficiency and effectiveness of road

sweeping machines?

Table 1. Demographic profile of the respondents (Age)

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Age
Frequency Percentage
35 – 39 9 18%
40 – 44 14 28%
45 – 49 16 32%
50 – 54 8 16%
55 above 3 6%
TOTAL 50 100.00%

Table 1 presents the demographic profile of the respondents based on their age.

Out of 50 participants 16 or 32% of them are from the 45 - 49. The lowest number of

respondents are from the age group of 55 and above with 3 or 6% of the participants.

Table 2. Demographic profile of the respondents (Sex)

Sex
Frequency Percentage
Male 43 86%
Female 7 14%
TOTAL 50 100.00%

Table 2 presents the demographic profile of the respondents based on their sex.

Out of 50 participants 43 or 86% of them are Male and 7 or 14% are female.

Table 3. Frequency and Percentage

Strongly Strongly
Agree Disagree
Questions Agree Disagree
F % F % F % F %

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Part 1:
A. Efficiency of Traditional Street Cleaning
1. I think Traditional Street Cleaning methods
efficiently completes its assigned task within 4 8% 42 84% 4 8%
the designated time frame.
2. I believe Traditional Street Cleaning
methods efficiently clear visible debris and 7 14% 42 84% 1 2%
litter from the street.
3. I believe the equipment used for
Traditional Street Cleaning methods is 4 8% 46 92%
sufficient for the task.
4. I think the litter, leaves and other waste are
efficiently managed by Traditional Street 7 14% 43 86%
Cleaning methods.
5. I believe that Traditional Street Cleaning
methods have better rates of garbage 9 18% 40 80% 1 2%
collection.
B. Effectivity of a Traditional Street Cleaning
6. I think Traditional Street Cleaning methods
effectively removes visible debris and litter 9 18% 36 72% 5 10%
from the streets.
7. I believe Traditional Street Cleaning
methods effectively control unpleasant odors 2 4% 11 22% 36 72% 1 2%
in urban areas.
8. I think Traditional Street Cleaning methods
effectively contribute to maintaining the
12 24% 35 70% 3 6%
overall cleanliness and appearance of
street/road.
9. I think Traditional Street Cleaning methods
operations is sufficient to maintain a clean 15 30% 34 68% 1 2%
environment.
10. I believe Tradition Street Cleaning
methods are effective in meeting the
8 16% 39 78% 3 6%
cleanliness standards expected by residents
and visitors.
C. Convenience of Traditional Street Cleaning
11. I think the use of brooms and dustpan for
1 2% 45 90% 4 8%
street cleaning is convenient.
12. I believe the equipment used for 27 54% 21 42% 2 4%
Traditional Street Cleaning methods is

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sufficient for the task.

13. I believe Traditional Street Cleaning
methods effectively removes debris and dirt 35 70% 14 28% 1 2%
from the streets.
14. I believe Traditional Street Cleaning
37 74% 10 20% 3 6%
methods are easy to implement and manage.
15. I think the effectiveness of Traditional
Street Cleaning methods (e.g., sweeping by
6 12% 40 80% 4 8%
hand) outweighs any inconvenience they may
cause.
D. Environmental Impact of Traditional Street Cleaning
16. I think I consider the Traditional Street
Cleaning to be an environmentally
4 8% 45 90% 1 2%
responsible solution for maintaining urban
cleanliness.
17. I believe Traditional Street Cleaning
5 10% 14 28% 31 62%
methods contribute to noise pollution.
18. I think Traditional Street Cleaning
methods have a significant impact on air 13 26% 33 66% 4 8%
quality.
19. I think Traditional Street Cleaning
methods minimizes the presence of pollutants 15 30% 34 68% 1 2%
and contaminants in the environment.
20. I believe Traditional Street Cleaning
methods services contribute to maintaining a 16 32% 34 68%
clean and visually appealing environment.
Part 2:
A. Efficiency of Innovative Street Sweeping Machine
1. I think the Innovative Road Sweeping
Machine efficiently completes it’s assigned 5 10% 43 86% 2 4%
task within the designated time frame.
2. I believe that the Innovative Road
Sweeping Machine efficiently clear visible 9 18% 40 80% 1 2%
debris and litter from the streets.
3. I think the equipment used for Innovative
Road Sweeping Machine is sufficient for the 7 14% 42 84% 1 2%
task.
4. I think the litter, leaves and other waste are
efficiently managed by Innovative Road 5 10% 43 86% 2 4%
Sweeping Machine.
5. I believe Innovative Road Sweeping
Machine have better rates of garbage 13 26% 36 72% 1 2%

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collection.

B. Effectivity of Innovative Street Sweeping Machine

6. I think Innovative Road Sweeping Machine

effectively removes visible debris and litter 17 34% 33 66%
from the streets.
7. I believe Innovative Road Sweeping
Machine methods effectively control 23 46% 21 42% 6 12%
unpleasant odours in urban areas.
8. I think Innovative Road Sweeping Machine
methods effectively contribute to maintaining
18 36% 31 62% 1 2%
the overall cleanliness and appearance of
street/road.
9. I think Innovative Road Sweeping Machine
operations is sufficient to maintain a clean 5 10% 45 90%
environment.
10. I believe Innovative Road Sweeping
Machine are effective in meeting the
5 10% 45 90%
cleanliness standards expected by residents
and visitors.

C. Convenience of Innovative Street Sweeping Machine

11. I think the use of Road Sweeping Machine

for street cleaning is convenient. 11 22% 39 78%

12. I believe Innovative Road Sweeping

Machine effectively removes debris and dirt 14 28% 36 72%
from the streets.
13. I think the effectiveness of Innovative
Road Sweeping Machine (e.g., sweeping by
7 14% 40 80% 3 6%
machine) outweighs any inconvenience they
may cause.
14. I believe Innovative Road Sweeping
Machine are easy to implement and manage. 10 20% 10 20% 30 60%

15. I believe the equipment used for

Innovative Road Sweeping Machine is 17 34% 33 66%
sufficient for the task.

D. Environmental Impact of Innovative Street Sweeping Machine

16. I think I consider the Road Sweeping

Machine to be an environmentally responsible 7 14% 42 84% 1 2%

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solution for maintaining urban cleanliness.

17. I believe Innovative Road Sweeping
Machine service contribute to maintaining a 3 6% 45 90% 2 4%
clean visually appealing environment.
18. I believe Innovative Road Sweeping
Machine contribute to noise pollution. 20 40% 27 54% 3 6%

19. I think Innovative Road Sweeping

Machine have a significant impact on air 20 40% 29 58% 1 2%
quality.
20. I think Innovative Road Sweeping
Machine minimizes the presence of pollutants 8 16% 40 80% 2 4%
and contaminants in the environment.

Table 4. Weighted Mean for Efficiency of Traditional Street Cleaning

Weighted Standard
Statements Interpretation
Mean Deviation
Part 1:
A. Efficiency of Traditional Street Cleaning
1. I think Traditional Street Cleaning methods efficiently completes
3 0.40406 Agree
its assigned task within the designated time frame.
2. I believe Traditional Street Cleaning methods efficiently clear
3.12 0.38545 Agree
visible debris and litter from the street.
3. I believe the equipment used for Traditional Street Cleaning
3.08 0.27405 Agree
methods is sufficient for the task.
4. I think the litter, leaves and other waste are efficiently managed
3.14 0.35051 Agree
by Traditional Street Cleaning methods.
5. I believe that Traditional Street Cleaning methods have better
3.16 0.42185 Agree
rates of garbage collection.
Total Weighted Mean 3.1 Agree

Table 4 represents the responses from the questionnaire given to the respondents.

The table shows the respondents insights regarding the efficiency of traditional street

cleaning. The total weighted mean of 3.1 which is interpreted as “Agree” highlights the

respondents’ opinions about the efficiency of traditional street cleaning. Statement 5

which got the highest weighted mean of 3.16 which is interpreted as “Agree” shows how

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the respondents believe that Traditional Street Cleaning methods have better rates of

garbage collection. The lowest weighted mean which got 3 that is interpreted as “Agree”.

This result highlights how some of the respondents think Traditional Street Cleaning

methods efficiently completes its assigned task within the designated time frame.

Table 5. Weighted Mean for Effectivity of a Traditional Street Cleaning

Weighted Standard
Statements Interpretation
Mean Deviation
B. Effectivity of a Traditional Street Cleaning
6. I think Traditional Street Cleaning methods effectively removes
3.08 0.52838 Agree
visible debris and litter from the streets.
7. I believe Traditional Street Cleaning methods effectively control
2.28 0.57286 Disagree
unpleasant odors in urban areas.
8. I think Traditional Street Cleaning methods effectively
contribute to maintaining the overall cleanliness and appearance of 3.18 0.52255 Agree
street/road.
9. I think Traditional Street Cleaning methods operations is Strongly
3.28 0.49652
sufficient to maintain a clean environment. Agree
10. I believe Tradition Street Cleaning methods are effective in
meeting the cleanliness standards expected by residents and 3.1 0.46291 Agree
visitors.
Total Weighted Mean 2.984 Agree

Table 5 represents the responses from the questionnaire given to the respondents.

The table shows the respondents insights regarding the effectivity of a traditional street

cleaning. The total weighted mean of 2.984 which is interpreted as “Agree” highlights the

respondents’ opinions about the effectivity of a traditional street cleaning. Statement 9

which got the highest weighted mean of 3.28 which is interpreted as “Strongly Agree”

shows how the respondents think that Traditional Street Cleaning methods operations is

sufficient to maintain a clean environment. The lowest weighted mean which got 2.28

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that is interpreted as “Disagree”. This result highlights how some of the respondents

believe Traditional Street Cleaning methods effectively control unpleasant odors in urban

areas.

Table 6. Weighted Mean for Convenience of Traditional Street Cleaning

Weighted Standard
Statements Interpretation
Mean Deviation
C. Convenience of Traditional Street Cleaning
11. I think the use of brooms and dustpan for street cleaning is
2.94 0.31364 Agree
convenient.
12. I believe the equipment used for Traditional Street Cleaning Strongly
3.5 0.58029
methods is sufficient for the task. Agree
13. I believe Traditional Street Cleaning methods effectively Strongly
3.68 0.51270
removes debris and dirt from the streets. Agree
14. I believe Traditional Street Cleaning methods are easy to Strongly
3.68 0.58693
implement and manage. Agree
15. I think the effectiveness of Traditional Street Cleaning methods
(e.g., sweeping by hand) outweighs any inconvenience they may 3.04 0.44994 Agree
cause.
Total Weighted Mean 3.368 Strongly Agree

Table 6 represents the responses from the questionnaire given to the respondents.

The table shows the respondents insights regarding the convenience of traditional street

cleaning. The total weighted mean of 3.368 which is interpreted as “Strongly Agree”

highlights the respondents’ opinions about the convenience of traditional street cleaning.

Statement 13 and 14 which got the highest weighted mean of 3.68 which is interpreted as

“Strongly Agree” shows how the respondents believe Traditional Street Cleaning

methods effectively removes debris and dirt from the streets and they also believe that

they are easy to implement and manage. The lowest weighted mean which got 2.94 that is

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interpreted as “Agree”. This result highlights how some of the respondents think the use

of brooms and dustpan for street cleaning is convenient.

Table 7. Weighted Mean for Environmental Impact of Traditional Street Cleaning

Weighted Standard
Statements Interpretation
Mean Deviation
D. Environmental Impact of Traditional Street Cleaning
16. I think I consider the Traditional Street Cleaning to be an
environmentally responsible solution for maintaining urban 3.06 0.31364 Agree
cleanliness.
17. I believe Traditional Street Cleaning methods contribute to
2.48 0.67733 Disagree
noise pollution.
18. I think Traditional Street Cleaning methods have a significant
3.18 0.56025 Agree
impact on air quality.
19. I think Traditional Street Cleaning methods minimizes the Strongly
3.28 0.49652
presence of pollutants and contaminants in the environment. Agree
20. I believe Traditional Street Cleaning methods services
Strongly
contribute to maintaining a clean and visually appealing 3.32 0.47121
Agree
environment.
Total Weighted Mean 3.064 Agree

Table 7 represents the responses from the questionnaire given to the respondents.

The table shows the respondents insights regarding the environmental impact of

traditional street cleaning. The total weighted mean of 3.064 which is interpreted as

“Agree” highlights the respondents’ opinions about the environmental impact of

traditional street cleaning. Statement 20 which got the highest weighted mean of 3.32

which is interpreted as “Strongly Agree” shows how the respondents believe Traditional

Street Cleaning methods services contribute to maintaining a clean and visually appealing

environment. The lowest weighted mean which got 2.48 that is interpreted as “Disagree”.

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This result highlights how some of the respondents believe Traditional Street Cleaning

methods contribute to noise pollution.

Table 8. Weighted Mean for Efficiency of Innovative Street Sweeping Machine

Weighted Standard
Statements Interpretation
Mean Deviation
A. Efficiency of Innovative Street Sweeping Machine
1. I think the Innovative Road Sweeping Machine efficiently
3.06 0.37307 Agree
completes it’s assigned task within the designated time frame.
2. I believe that the Innovative Road Sweeping Machine efficiently
3.16 0.42185 Agree
clear visible debris and litter from the streets.
3. I think the equipment used for Innovative Road Sweeping
3.12 0.38545 Agree
Machine is sufficient for the task.
4. I think the litter, leaves and other waste are efficiently managed
3.06 0.37307 Agree
by Innovative Road Sweeping Machine.
5. I believe Innovative Road Sweeping Machine have better rates
3.24 0.47638 Agree
of garbage collection.
Total Weighted Mean 3.128 Agree

Table 8 represents the responses from the questionnaire given to the respondents.

The table shows the respondents insights regarding the efficiency of innovative street

sweeping machine. The total weighted mean of 3.128 which is interpreted as “Agree”

highlights the respondents’ opinions about the efficiency of innovative street sweeping

machine. Statement 5 which got the highest weighted mean of 3.24 which is interpreted

as “Agree” shows how the respondents believe Innovative Road Sweeping Machine have

better rates of garbage collection. The lowest weighted mean which got 3.06 that is

interpreted as “Good”. This result highlights how some of the respondents think the litter,

leaves and other waste are efficiently managed by Innovative Road Sweeping Machine

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and think the Innovative Road Sweeping Machine efficiently completes its assigned task

within the designated time frame.

Table 9. Weighted Mean for Effectivity of Innovative Street Sweeping Machine

Weighted Standard
Statements Interpretation
Mean Deviation
B. Effectivity of Innovative Street Sweeping Machine
6. I think Innovative Road Sweeping Machine effectively removes Strongly
3.34 0.47852
visible debris and litter from the streets. Agree
7. I believe Innovative Road Sweeping Machine methods Strongly
3.34 0.68839
effectively control unpleasant odours in urban areas. Agree
8. I think Innovative Road Sweeping Machine methods effectively
Strongly
contribute to maintaining the overall cleanliness and appearance of 3.34 0.51942
Agree
street/road.
9. I think Innovative Road Sweeping Machine operations is
3.1 0.30305 Agree
sufficient to maintain a clean environment.
10. I believe Innovative Road Sweeping Machine are effective in
meeting the cleanliness standards expected by residents and 3.1 0.30305 Agree
visitors.
Total Weighted Mean 3.24 Agree

Table 9 represents the responses from the questionnaire given to the respondents.

The table shows the respondents insights regarding the effectivity of innovative street

sweeping machine. The total weighted mean of 3.24 which is interpreted as “Agree”

highlights the respondents’ opinions about effectivity of innovative street sweeping

machine. Statement 6, 7, and 8 which got the highest weighted mean of 3.34 which is

interpreted as “Strongly Agree” shows how the respondents think Innovative Road

Sweeping Machine effectively removes visible debris and litter from the streets. They

also added that they think Innovative Road Sweeping Machine methods effectively

contribute to maintaining the overall cleanliness and appearance of street/road. They

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believe that Innovative Road Sweeping Machine methods effectively control unpleasant

odors in urban areas. The lowest weighted mean which got 3.1 that is interpreted as

“Agree”. This result highlights how some of the respondents think Innovative Road

Sweeping Machine operations is sufficient to maintain a clean environment and they

believe that Innovative Road Sweeping Machine are effective in meeting the cleanliness

standards expected by residents and visitors.

Table 10. Weighted Mean for Convenience of Innovative Street Sweeping Machine

Weighted Standard
Statements Interpretation
Mean Deviation
C. Convenience of Innovative Street Sweeping Machine
11. I think the use of Road Sweeping Machine for street cleaning is
3.22 0.41845 Agree
convenient.
12. I believe Innovative Road Sweeping Machine effectively Strongly
3.28 0.45356
removes debris and dirt from the streets. Agree
13. I think the effectiveness of Innovative Road Sweeping Machine
(e.g., sweeping by machine) outweighs any inconvenience they 3.08 0.44447 Agree
may cause.
14. I believe Innovative Road Sweeping Machine are easy to
2.6 0.80812 Agree
implement and manage.
15. I believe the equipment used for Innovative Road Sweeping Strongly
3.34 0.47852
Machine is sufficient for the task. Agree
Total Weighted Mean 3.104 Agree

Table 10 represents the responses from the questionnaire given to the respondents.

The table shows the respondents insights regarding the convenience of innovative street

sweeping machine. The total weighted mean of 3.104 which is interpreted as “Agree”

highlights the respondents’ opinions about convenience of innovative street sweeping

machine. Statement 15 which got the highest weighted mean of 3.34 which is interpreted

as “Strongly Agree” shows how the respondents believe the equipment used for
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Innovative Road Sweeping Machine is sufficient for the task. The lowest weighted mean

which got 2.6 that is interpreted as “Agree”. This result highlights how some of the

respondents believe Innovative Road Sweeping Machine are easy to implement and

manage.

Table 11. Weighted Mean for Environmental Impact of Innovative Street Sweeping

Machine

Weighted Standard
Statements Interpretation
Mean Deviation
D. Environmental Impact of Innovative Street Sweeping Machine
16. I think I consider the Road Sweeping Machine to be an
environmentally responsible solution for maintaining urban 3.12 0.38545 Agree
cleanliness.
17. I believe Innovative Road Sweeping Machine service
3.02 0.31880 Agree
contribute to maintaining a clean visually appealing environment.
18. I believe Innovative Road Sweeping Machine contribute to Strongly
3.34 0.59281
noise pollution. Agree
19. I think Innovative Road Sweeping Machine have a significant Strongly
3.38 0.53031
impact on air quality. Agree
20. I think Innovative Road Sweeping Machine minimizes the
3.12 0.43519 Agree
presence of pollutants and contaminants in the environment.
Total Weighted Mean 3.196 Agree

Table 11 represents the responses from the questionnaire given to the respondents.

The table shows the respondents insights regarding the environmental impact of

innovative street sweeping machine. The total weighted mean of 3.196 which is

interpreted as “Agree” highlights the respondents’ opinions about the environmental

impact of innovative street sweeping machine. Statement 19 which got the highest

weighted mean of 3.38 which is interpreted as “Strongly Agree” shows how the

respondents think Innovative Road Sweeping Machine have a significant impact on air
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quality. The lowest weighted mean which got 3.02 that is interpreted as “Agree”. This

result highlights how some of the respondents believe Innovative Road Sweeping

Machine service contribute to maintaining a clean visually appealing environment.

Table 12. Correlation

P Sig
Traditional Street Cleaning
and Innovative Street 0.282 0.477l
Sweeping Machine

Table 12 shows the correlation comparing the traditional street cleaning and
innovative street sweeping machine. The p-value (0.282), which shows a moderately low
positive correlation between the variables. This says that there is a moderately low
chance between traditional street cleaning and innovative street sweeping machine. The
p-value which reaches significance with a p-value of 0.477 which is more than the 0.05
alpha level means that we fail to reject the null hypothesis and that we conclude that there
is no significant value between traditional street cleaning and innovative road sweeping
machine to the street sweepers of barangay Del Pilar, City of San Fernando, Pampanga.

In this part, the researchers will present the summary of the interview:

4. Significant value between Traditional Street Cleaning and Road

Sweeping Machine.

Question No. 1: In what ways do traditional street cleaning methods differ from road

sweeping machines?

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All respondents agreed that the traditional cleaning method is much better

and cleaner, and it is easier to use and implement than the road sweeping

machine. They have been using traditional cleaning methods for a long time, so

they are more skilled and efficient than road sweeping machines.

Question No. 2: How do operators perceive the effectiveness of traditional street

cleaning compared to road sweeping machines?

The respondents prefer to use the traditional cleaning method for the

reason that they have been using it for a long time, and it is efficient to use

because you will see the debris carefully and you will clean it better. Even though

the though the traditional cleaning method is time-consuming, at least the road is

clean and polished.

Question No. 3: Can you describe any challenges encountered when using traditional

street cleaning methods versus road sweeping machines?

All respondents are concerned that the traditional cleaning method is

tiring, hot, and exhausting because you're using your arms and hands to clean the

road. Traditional cleaning methods need heavy human effort and manpower to

finish the task.

5. Improvement potential in the efficiency and effectiveness of Road

Sweeping Machines.

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Question No. 4: How do road sweeping machines currently perform in terms of

efficiency and effectiveness?

Some of the respondents agreed about the efficiency and effectiveness of

the road sweeping machine; they said that it will be faster and easier to finish the

task than the traditional cleaning method, but some of the respondents don't really

know about the modern sweeping machine because they only used the traditional

cleaning method, and some are still confused about the efficiency of the road

sweeping machine

Question No. 5: Can you describe any observed limitations or challenges hindering the

optimal performance of road sweeping machines?

All respondents expressed concerns about the capacity of the road

sweeping machine. They stated some problems, like uneven roads, when the road

is wet, and how much weight the machine can carry, and some of them said that

kartilya is better for them because they could exercise.

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Chapter V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents a summary of the significant findings of the study, its

conclusions drawn, and recommendations based on the analysis and interpretation.

Summary of Findings

1. Demographic Profile of Street Sweepers in Barangay Del Pilar.

It is revealed that out of 50 participants 16 or (32%) of them are from the 45 - 49.

The lowest number of respondents are from the age group of 55 and above with 3 or (6%)

of the participants.

2. How does the street sweeper describe the Traditional Street Cleaning in

terms of:

2.1 Efficiency of Traditional Street Cleaning

It is revealed the result from the responses from the questionnaire given to the

respondents. The total weighted mean of (3.1) which is interpreted as “Agree” highlights

the respondents’ opinions about the efficiency of traditional street cleaning. Statement 5

which got the highest weighted mean of (3.16) which is interpreted as “Agree” shows

how the respondents believe that Traditional Street Cleaning methods have better rates of

garbage collection. The lowest weighted mean which got 3 that is interpreted as “Agree”.

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This result highlights how some of the respondents think Traditional Street Cleaning

methods efficiently completes its assigned task within the designated time frame.

2.2 Effectivity of Traditional Street Cleaning

It is revealed that the total weighted mean of (2.984) which is interpreted as

“Agree” highlights the respondents’ opinions about the effectivity of a traditional street

cleaning. Statement 9 which got the highest weighted mean of (3.28) which is interpreted

as “Strongly Agree” shows how the respondents think that Traditional Street Cleaning

methods operations is sufficient to maintain a clean environment. The lowest weighted

mean which got (2.28) that is interpreted as “Disagree”. This result highlights how some

of the respondents believe Traditional Street Cleaning methods effectively control

unpleasant odors in urban areas.

2.3 Convenience of Traditional Street Cleaning

It is revealed that the total weighted mean of (3.368) which is interpreted as

“Strongly Agree” highlights the respondents’ opinions about the convenience of

traditional street cleaning. Statement 13 and 14 which got the highest weighted mean of

(3.68) which is interpreted as “Strongly Agree” shows how the respondents believe

Traditional Street Cleaning methods effectively removes debris and dirt from the streets

and they also believe that they are easy to implement and manage. The lowest weighted

mean which got (2.94) that is interpreted as “Agree”. This result highlights how some of

the respondents think the use of brooms and dustpan for street cleaning is convenient.
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2.4 Environmental Impact of Traditional Cleaning Method

It is revealed the total weighted mean of (3.064) which is interpreted as “Agree”

highlights the respondents’ opinions about the environmental impact of traditional street

cleaning. Statement 20 which got the highest weighted mean of (3.32) which is

interpreted as “Strongly Agree” shows how the respondents believe Traditional Street

Cleaning methods services contribute to maintaining a clean and visually appealing

environment. The lowest weighted mean which got (2.48) that is interpreted as

“Disagree”. This result highlights how some of the respondents believe Traditional Street

Cleaning methods contribute to noise pollution.

3. How does the street sweeper describe the Road Sweeping Machine in terms

of:

2.1 Efficiency of Road Sweeping Machine

It is revealed the total weighted mean of (3.128) which is interpreted as “Agree”

highlights the respondents’ opinions about the efficiency of innovative street sweeping

machine. Statement 5 which got the highest weighted mean of (3.24) which is interpreted

as “Agree” shows how the respondents believe Innovative Road Sweeping Machine have

better rates of garbage collection. The lowest weighted mean which got (3.06) that is

interpreted as “Good”. This result highlights how some of the respondents think the litter,

leaves and other waste are efficiently managed by Innovative Road Sweeping Machine

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and think the Innovative Road Sweeping Machine efficiently completes its assigned task

within the designated time frame.

2.2 Effectivity of Road Sweeping Machine

It revealed the total weighted mean of (3.24) which is interpreted as “Agree”

highlights the respondents’ opinions about effectivity of innovative street sweeping

machine. Statement 6, 7, and 8 which got the highest weighted mean of (3.34) which is

interpreted as “Strongly Agree” shows how the respondents think Innovative Road

Sweeping Machine effectively removes visible debris and litter from the streets. They

also added that they think Innovative Road Sweeping Machine methods effectively

contribute to maintaining the overall cleanliness and appearance of street/road. They

believe that Innovative Road Sweeping Machine methods effectively control unpleasant

odors in urban areas. The lowest weighted mean which got (3.1) that is interpreted as

“Agree”. This result highlights how some of the respondents think Innovative Road

Sweeping Machine operations is sufficient to maintain a clean environment and they

believe that Innovative Road Sweeping Machine are effective in meeting the cleanliness

standards expected by residents and visitors.

2.3 Convenience of Road Sweeping Machine

It is revealed the total weighted mean of (3.104) which is interpreted as “Agree”

highlights the respondents’ opinions about convenience of innovative street sweeping

machine. Statement 15 which got the highest weighted mean of (3.34) which is
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interpreted as “Strongly Agree” shows how the respondents believe the equipment used

for Innovative Road Sweeping Machine is sufficient for the task. The lowest weighted

mean which got (2.6) that is interpreted as “Agree”. This result highlights how some of

the respondents believe Innovative Road Sweeping Machine are easy to implement and

manage.

2.4 Environmental Impact of Road Sweeping Machine

It is revealed the total weighted mean of (3.196) which is interpreted as “Agree”

highlights the respondents’ opinions about the environmental impact of innovative street

sweeping machine. Statement 19 which got the highest weighted mean of (3.38) which is

interpreted as “Strongly Agree” shows how the respondents think Innovative Road

Sweeping Machine have a significant impact on air quality. The lowest weighted mean

which got (3.02) that is interpreted as “Agree”. This result highlights how some of the

respondents believe Innovative Road Sweeping Machine service contribute to

maintaining a clean visually appealing environment.

4. What is the significant value between Traditional Street Cleaning and Road

Sweeping Machine?

The result revealed that the traditional street cleaning methods as more effective in

terms of thoroughness and cleanliness compared to road sweeping machines. They

emphasize the ability of traditional cleaning method to capture debris better, clean

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corners more thoroughly, and provide better visibility of the cleaning process.

Participants highlight the physical toll of traditional cleaning method, describing it as

tiring, exhausting, and hot work. They also mention encountering resistance from people

who complain about the process or the resulting odor, despite it not being within their

control. While road sweeping machines are acknowledged for their speed, participants

question their ability to match the thoroughness and precision of traditional Cleaning

methods, particularly in congested areas or when dealing with various types of debris.

5. What is improvement potential in the efficiency and effectiveness of Road

Sweeping Machines?

The results have shown that participants express varying levels of familiarity with

road sweeping machines, with some having never encountered them before. While there

is speculation about potential benefits such as faster cleaning and lighter workload,

participants generally maintain a preference for traditional methods due to perceived

limitations of the machines. Concerns are raised about the capacity of road sweeping

machines to handle varying conditions such as wet roads, uneven terrain, or scattered

debris. Questions arise regarding the machines' ability to collect different types of

garbage effectively and their weight-bearing capacity when full. Participants highlight the

practical challenges faced during operation, including obstacles encountered while

sweeping and potential disputes over the adequacy of cleaning. Participants emphasize

the benefits of traditional methods, such as the opportunity for exercise and the ability to

manually navigate obstacles or exert force when sweeping. There is a consensus that

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traditional methods offer greater flexibility and effectiveness in addressing diverse

cleaning challenges, particularly in challenging or uneven terrain.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study has shed light on the perceptions and experiences of street

sweepers in Barangay Del Pilar regarding traditional street cleaning methods and

innovative road sweeping machines. The findings reveal a nuanced understanding of both

approaches, with street sweepers expressing favorable opinions towards traditional

methods for their perceived efficiency, effectiveness, convenience, and environmental

impact. However, it is evident that road sweeping machines are also recognized for their

speed and potential environmental benefits, albeit with reservations regarding their ability

to match the thoroughness and precision of traditional methods, especially in challenging

conditions.

Despite acknowledging the potential improvement in efficiency and effectiveness of road

sweeping machines, participants maintain a preference for traditional methods due to

their perceived flexibility and ability to address diverse cleaning challenges. Concerns

regarding the machines' capacity to handle various conditions and types of debris

highlight the need for further research and development in this area. Additionally, the

physical toll and practical challenges associated with traditional methods underscore the

importance of considering the well-being and working conditions of street sweepers.

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Overall, this study underscores the importance of balancing innovation with the

preservation of effective traditional practices in urban cleaning. It calls for a holistic

approach to street cleaning that integrates the strengths of both traditional and innovative

methods while addressing the practical concerns and needs of street sweepers. By

leveraging technological advancements while respecting the expertise and experience of

street sweepers, municipalities can strive towards a cleaner, healthier, and more

sustainable urban environment for all residents and visitors.

Recommendation

After thoroughly analyzing the interpreted data and participant responses, the

researchers humbly recommend the following:

1. The researchers suggest to work together with local government units and

environmental agencies to obtain funding and support for the project. This

collaboration can also help implement policy changes necessary to incorporate the

new technology into standard street cleaning practices.

2. The researcher recommends establishing a regular maintenance schedule and

support system to ensure the machines remain in optimal working condition. This

includes setting up a dedicated team for machine upkeep and providing street

sweepers with easy access to technical support.

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3. The researchers suggest to initiate a pilot testing phase in Brgy. Del Pilar to

collect initial user feedback. Use this feedback to make necessary adjustments to

the machine before its full-scale deployment. Additionally, set up a continuous

feedback system to ensure ongoing improvements based on user experiences.

4. The researchers suggest to future researchers to enhance and add additional

features to the road sweeping machine to increase its efficiency and user-

friendliness. This includes ergonomic handles for ease of use by elderly sweepers,

dust suppression systems to reduce airborne particles, and energy-efficient motors

to enhance sustainability.

5. The researchers suggest that all individuals, specifically the residents of Barangay

Del Pilar, to review this study as it offers valuable insights that can assist in

addressing local issues. Moreover, the research highlights environmentally

friendly alternative, presenting potential solutions that can promote a more

sustainable approach to environmental challenges.

6. The researchers recommend further studies on the implications and

implementation of the street sweeping machine for street sweepers in Pampanga.

This research should evaluate the long-term benefits, challenges, and overall

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impact on the efficiency and well-being of street sweepers, aiding in the broader

adoption of this technology.

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Transcript of Interview

Question No. 1: In what ways do traditional street cleaning methods differ from road

sweeping machines?

Participant 1: Traditional is better.

“Mas maganda yung tradisyonal.”

Participant 2: If machinery is used,many will lose their jobs.

“Kung makinarya na ang gagamitin marami na ang mawawalan ng trabaho.”

Participant 3: Traditional is still better because it captures the clutter better.

“Mas maganda parin ang tradisyonal dahil mas nakukuha nito ang mga kalat.”

Participant 4: What's different about it is that it cleans better because you can pick up

every mess better.

“Ang pag kakaiba nit ay mas nalilinis nito ng maayos dahil mas nasisinop mo yung

bawat kalat.”

Participant 5: It is better because it is traditional an allow us to separate the different

types of garbage.

“Mas maganda tradisyonal kase na I hihiwalay nya yung mga ibat ibang basura.”

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Participant 6: The traditional is much cleaner.

“Mas malinis parin yung tradisyonal.”

Participant 7: Traditional sweeping is still cleaner.

“Mas malinis parin yung tradisyonal na pag-wawalis.”

Participant 8: I wonder which place you can clean the most.

“Diba kung saang lugar ka mas malilinis mo.”

Participant 9: Traditional one is better it just takes a long time,but the machine is fast

and not polished.

“Mas maganda paren yung tradisyonal matagal nga lang sa makina mabilis nga hindi

naman polido.”

Participant 10: It takes a long time in the traditional way yes, but you know that better

than even on a congested road you can sweep it, the machine is quick but what about the

congested roads.

“Matagal sa tradisyonal oo,pero alam mo yon mas maigi tapos kahit sa masikip na daan

ma-wawalis mo sa makina mabilis na pero papaano sa mga masisikip na daan hindi mo

masisimot yung mga basura.”

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Question No. 2: How do operators perceive the effectiveness of traditional street

cleaning compared to road sweeping machines?

Participant 1: Traditional sweeping is more efficient.

“Mas nasisinop ang pagwawalis gamit ang tradisyonal.”

Participant 2: Traditional sweeping is still cleaner.

“Mas malinis paring ang tradisyonal na pag wawalis.”

Participant 3: You see more of the things you clean.

“Mas nakikita mo yung mga nililinis mo.”

Participant 4: You can see the clutter on the road.

“Mas nasisinop mo yung mga kalat sa kalsada.”

Participant 5: The market is still very dirty, even dirtier than the road.

“Sobrang madumi parin ang palengke,mas madumi panga to kesa sa kalsada.”

Participant 6: In Traditional the corners can be cleaned better, unlike the machine that

just passes through will clean.

“Sa tradisyonal mas malilinis ng maayos yung mga sulok,hindi kagaya sa makina kung

ano lanag madadaanan yun lang ang malilinis.”

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Participant 7: In traditional you can clean the road, you will clean it better.

“Yung tradisyonal mas malilinis mo yung daan na nililinisan mo.”

Participant 8: Traditional sweeping is really different.

“Iba parin talaga yung tradisyonal na pag-wawalis.”

Participant 9: In machine it’s fast in the traditional slow but clean and polished.

“Sa makina mabilis sa tradisyonal mabagal pero malinis at polido.”

Participant 10: It's effective because we've been using it for a long time, then you'll

really get your last little trash.

“Epiktibo sya kase ito nayung matagal na ginagamit namin siyempre tapos makukuha mo

talaga yung ulti mong maliliit na basura.”

Question No. 3: Can you describe any challenges encountered when using traditional

street cleaning methods versus road sweeping machines?

Participant 1: Traditional sweeping is more tiring.

“Mas nakakapagod sa tradisyonal na pag wawalis.”

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Participant 2: Tiring because it’s manual.

“Pag kapagod dahil mano-mano to.”

Participant 3: So tired no joke.

“Sobrang pagod hindi biro.”

Participant 4: It's tiring because you use your arms and hands

“Nakakapagod kase ginagamit mo yung mga braso at kamay mo.”

Participant 5: There are people who argue/answer with us because they say it stinks, but

we're not the ones who did it.

“May nakaka-alitan o sagutan kami na nag titinda dahil mabaho raw eh hindi namn

kami yung may gawa non.”

Participant 6: Hot and exhausting in cleaning/sweeping the road.

“Mainit,nakakapagod sa pag lilinis/pag-wawalis ng daan.”

Participant 7: It's tiring but it's a workout for us

“Nakakapagod pero may kasamang ehirsisyo.”

Participant 8: Because that's why the way of sweeping is different because you have to

have strength to sweep.

“Kase kaya nga iba yung paraan ng pag wawalis kase may pwersa ka dapat sa pag walis.”

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Participant 9: You will meet a lot of people who complain and traditional sweeping is

tiring.

“Marami kang makakasalamuha na nag rereklamo at sa tradisyonal nakakapagod

ngalang.”

Participant 10: The tiredness, of course, because you have been sweeping for several

hours, then it is still hot, sometimes when you sweep, there is a mess and then your arms

and hands hurt.

“Yung pagod siyempre kasi ilang oras kaden nag-wawalis tapos mainit pa minsan pag-

kawalis mo may kalat nanaman tapos masakit din sa braso at kamay.”

Question No. 4: How do road sweeping machines currently perform in terms of

efficiency and effectiveness?

Participant 1: We just swept, but we’ve saw a machine.

“Kami nag wawalis lang kasi kami eh, aparti pa yung di makina pero na kikita na kami

ng ganon.”

Participant 2: For that, I have no idea, but maybe it's the same, but the traditional one is

better.

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“Para saken wala pakong ideya pero parehas lang din siguro,pero mas mainam padin

yung tradisyonal.”

Participant 3: You can still get the trash, but maybe you are not that polite, but the

sweeping will be faster.

“Ganon parin makukuha yung basura pero siguro hindi ganon ka polido pero

mapapabilis yung pag-wawalis.”

Participant 4: I haven't tried it yet, so I don't have an idea yet, but maybe it would be

faster to clean it.

“Hindi pa ako na kakasubok non kaya wala pa akong ideya pero siguro mas mabilis

nasiguro yung pag lilinis nyan.”

Participant 5: Maybe it effective, but it's not the same as the traditional one.

“Epiktibo naman siguro,pero hindi pareho sa tradisyonal sa trafisyonal mabagal sa

makina mabilis na-walisan na.”

Participant 6: Yes, the work is faster, but you cannot clean that much.

“Napapabilis nga yung trabaho oo,pero hindi naman ganon ka linis.”

Participant 7: For me, I still have no idea, because we really use the manual one, maybe

the time will be reduced if we use the machine.

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“Para sa akin wala pa akong ideya eh,kasi ang gamit talaga namin yung mano-mano baka

siguro mababawasan yung tagal pag gamit yung makina.”

Participant 8: The work will be easier.

“Mapapagaan yung trabaho.”

Participant 9: I've never seen like that before.

“Hindi pakami na kaka kita noon eh.”

Participant 10: The garbage is collected, but what about the bagged garbage.

“Nakukuha naman yung mga basura pero pano yung sako-sako na basura.”

Question No. 5: Can you describe any observed limitations or challenges hindering the

optimal performance of road sweeping machines?

Participant 1: What if it’s full of course it’s going to be full,how are we going to remove

it?of course the garbage is mixed up,and if the machine can pick up the sacks of

garbage,it’s only once a while when the garbage is scattered and how the machine can

pass it on the potholed road.

“Pano kung napuno yan, siyemper mapupuno yan papano yon aalisin namin?siyempre

halo-halo yung mga basura,at kung kaya nyang hakutin yung sako-sakong basura minsan

lang yung kalat-kalat na basura at pano sya idaan sa lubak-lubak na daan.”

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Participant 2: What if the machine is full, how much weight can the machine carry?

“Paano kung napuno yung makina,gaano ba kabigat yung madadala nung makina.”

Participant 3: When the road is wet, can he be used for sweeping?

“Pag basa yung daan puwede ba siyang gamitin sa pag-wawalis?”

Participant 4: What if there is an uneven road, can he pass through it?

“Paano pag may hindi patag na daan puwede ba sya idaan sa ganon?”

Participant 5: The “kartilya” is better for us because we can exercise, especially when

the area is wet, the sweeping is forced unlike the machine it is smooth to use.

“Mas maininam samin yung kartilya kase nakakapag ehirsisyo kami,lalo na pag basa

yung lugar yung pag wawalis pwersahan,hindi gaya sa makina eh smooth lang yung pag-

tulak.”

Participant 6: In traditional we are lifting it even if it's heavy, with that machine it won't

be heavy or difficult to push.

“Sa tradisyonal na bubuhat naman diba kahit mabigat,sa makina ba na yan hindi sya

bibigat o mahirap itulak.”

Participant 7: If it's all garbage, that can get different types of garbage.

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“Kung lahat ba ng basura eh makukuha nya yung ibat-ibang uri ng basura.”

Participant 8: He can't collect that much garbage because it can only collect a limited

amount.

“Hindi ganon kadami makukuha niyang basura kase naka limit lang yung kaya nyang ma

kolekta.”

Participant 9: There are many obstacles for us, you already cleaned and they will say

that it’s not been cleaned yet.

“Maraming hadlang sa amin,nilinis mona baka sasabihin hindi pa nalinis.”

Participant 10: Maybe it can’t swept good because what you can pass through is the

only thing can get, how about the one on the side by side.

“Baka yung ano hindi ma-wawalisan maigi kasi kung ano lang yung madadaanan mo yun

lang makukuha nya pano yung nasa gilid-gild pa.”

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STI COLLEGE SAN FERNANDO 81