COURSE HANDOUT

B.Tech - 5th Semester

Course Title : FOUNDATION ENGINEERING Dated: 27-06-2022

Course Code : 19CE503 Academic Year: 2022-23
Course Structure : 3-1-0-3
Course coordinator : Dr. S. Siva Gowri Prasad
Instructor(s) : Dr. S. Siva Gowri Prasad/ Mr.S.H.Vamsi Krishna
Course Description:
This course describes about the application of soil mechanics and soil behavior in geotechnical
engineering analysis and design. Focuses on geotechnical design of shallow and deep foundations,
slope stability, subsurface exploration, lateral earth pressure, retaining structure design. Coverage
includes bearing capacity, settlement, group effects, and lateral load capacity of the various
foundation types. Also describes about the importance of site investigation and field testing and to
learn how to deal with uncertainty.

Course Objective:
The main objective of the course is to
i). Conceptualize the necessity of site investigations for soil
sampling.
ii). Understand the essence of engineering properties in design of various structures constructed on
and with soil.
iii). Ascertain the stability of earthen structures.
iv). Know the importance of foundation and different types with their design concepts.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course student will be able to
1) Understand the process of exploration for different type of geotechnical engineering projects
2) Explain about forces, activities, slope failures and estimate the stability of slopes
3) Determine lateral earth pressures and lateral stability in retaining walls
4) Determine allowable bearing pressures and load carrying capabilities of shallow foundations
5) Determine allowable bearing pressures and load carrying capabilities of pile foundation
6) Outline the laterally loaded piles and under reamed piles.
SYLLABUS:

Unit I
Soil Exploration
Methods of soil exploration – Boring and Sampling methods – Field tests – Non – invasive tests-
planning of Programme - preparation of soil investigation report.
Slope stability: Infinite and finite earth slopes – types of failures – factor of safety of infinite slopes:
stability analysis- Swedish Arc Method – Taylor’s Stability Number- Stability of slopes of earth dams
under different conditions
Geophysical methods, Stability Analysis by Bishop’s Simplified Method
13 + 4 Hours
Unit II
Earth Pressure Theories and Retaining Walls
Earth pressure theories: Rankine’s theory of earth pressure – earth pressures in layered soils –
Coulomb’s earth pressure theory – Culmann’s graphical method.
Retaining walls: Types of retaining walls – stability of retaining walls
Earth Pressure on inclined back of wall, Modes of Failures of Retaining Walls
12+4 Hours
Unit III
Shallow Foundations and Settlement Analysis
Shallow foundations: Types - choice of foundation – Location of depth – Safe Bearing Capacity –
Terzaghi bearing capacity- IS Methods. Safe bearing pressure based on N- value
Settlement analysis: Allowable bearing pressure; safe bearing capacity and settlement from plate
load test – allowable settlements of structures
SBC- Meyerhoff and Skempton Methods
10+4Hours

Unit IV
Pile Foundation
Pile foundation: Types of piles – Load carrying capacity of piles based on static pile formulae –Pile
load tests.
Load carrying capacity of pile groups- settlement of pile groups- Laterally loaded piles- Under
reamed piles.
Dynamic pile formulae – Engineering News record formula and Danish Formula
10 + 3 Hours
Total:45+15 Hours

Text Books:
1. Gopal Ranjan & ASR Rao, Basic and Applied Soil Mechanics, 3rd Ed., New Age International
Pvt. Ltd, 2016
2. K.R.Arora, Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 7th Ed., Standard Publishers
Distributors, Delhi, 2019
 References:
1. Das, B.M., Principles of Foundation Engineering, 9th Ed., Cengege Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2018
2. Bowles, J.E., Foundation Analysis and Design, 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Newyork,
2017
3. S. K.Gulhati & Manoj Datta, Geotechnical Engineering, 16th Ed., Tata Mc.Graw Hill Publishing
Company, New Delhi. 2013
4. B.C.Punmia, Ashok Kumar Jain and Arun Kumar Jain, Soil Mechanics and Foundations, 17th Ed.,
Laxmi Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2017

Course Plan:
Lecture
Learning Objectives Topics to be covered Reference
No.
UNIT – I : SOIL EXPLORATION, EARTH SLOPE STABILITY
Over view of foundation Introduction and need of foundation TB1, TB2
1 engineering engineering

2 Methods of soil exploration Methods of soil exploration-direct, TB1, TB2

semi direct
3 Methods of soil exploration- Indirect methods i.e. sounding, TB1, TB2
indirect methods penetration tests etc., planning of
exploration programme- Sampling
methods- disturbed, undisturbed,
sampling
4 Practice session Tutorial-1
5 Field tests Field tests – SPT, DCPT TB1, TB2

6 Field tests Field tests – PBT, Pressure meter TB1, TB2

tests etc. and limitations,
interpretation
7 Report preparation Soil Report preparation , Review TB1, TB2

8 Practice session Tutorial-2

9 Over view of Stability of slopes Introduction to Stability of slopes TB1, TB2

10 Types of slopes and failures Types of slopes and failures TB1, TB2

11 Taylor’s stability number Taylor’s stability number, TB1, TB2

interpretation, FS for infinite slopes
12 Practice session Tutorial-3
13 Factor of safety computation Factor of safety – computation for TB1, TB2
finite slopes- method of slices,
sliding failure etc.
14 Tension crack Effect of tension crack, draw down TB1, TB2
and seepage on stability
15 Problem solving Review and Problem solving Exam papers
16 Practice session Tutorial-4
 UNIT – II: EARTH PRESSURE THEORIES, RETAINING WALLS

17 Over view of Earth Pressure Introduction to Earth Pressure- TB1, TB2

Types of earth retaining structures,
earth pressure conditions.

18 Earth pressure conditions Coefficient of earth pressures, TB1, TB2

Mohr’s diagrams for different earth
pressure conditions

19 Theories of earth pressure Theories of earth pressure - TB1, TB2

Rankine’s , pressure distribution
diagram, Earth pressure in layered
soils

20 Practice session Tutorial-5

21 Theories of earth pressure Theories of earth pressure- TB1, TB2

Coulombs theory, Comparison of
earth pressure theories

22 Pressure distribution diagrams Pressure distribution diagrams, TB1, TB2

graphical solutions, Stability of
retaining walls

23 Over view of retaining walls Introduction to retaining walls TB1, TB2

24 Types of walls Types of walls and proportioning TB1, TB2

25 Practice session Tutorial-6

26 Applications of lateral earth Applications of lateral earth TB1, TB2

pressure pressure theories for design

27 Stability of retaining wall Stability of retaining wall- check TB1, TB2

for sliding, overturning

28 Stability of retaining wall Stability of retaining wall- check TB1, TB2

for bearing capacity failure, stresses
in soil below retaining wall

29 Practice session Tutorial-7

 UNIT – III: SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS

30 Over view of Foundation Introduction to Foundations, TB1, TB2

Selection of foundation, type and
depth factors

31 Shallow foundations Shallow foundations-Bearing TB1, TB2

capacity- definitions -Terzaghi’s
theory , Bearing capacity factors
and effect of water table on bearing
capacity
32 Bearing capacity from analytical Bearing capacity- from analytical TB1, TB2
formulae formulae- Meyerhof’s theory

33 Practice session Tutorial-8

34 Bearing capacity from analytical Bearing capacity- from Skempton TB1, TB2
formulae theory and IS 6403 Code method

35 Typical values of B.C’s Typical values of B.C’s for TB1, TB2

different soils- Problem solving

36 Practice session Tutorial-9

37 B.C computation Need for field tests for B.C TB1, TB2
determination. B.C computation
from penetration tests- SPT value

38 B.C computation BC computation from SCPT and TB1, TB2

DCPT values, from PBT

39 Over view of foundation Introduction to foundation TB1, TB2

settlements settlements-sources of settlement-
permissible settlements

40 Practice session Tutorial-10

41 Tolerable settlements Bearing capacity based on tolerable TB1, TB2

settlements, remedial measures
against harmful settlements
42 Permissible settlements Permissible settlements for TB1, TB2
buildings.

43 Practice session Tutorial-11

 UNIT – IV: PILE FOUNDATIONS, WELL FOUNDATIONS

44 Over view of pile foundations Introduction to pile foundations- TB1, TB2

classification based on material,
purpose and construction, Pile Load
carrying capacity - static formulae

45 Load carrying capacity Load carrying capacity from TB1, TB2

dynamic formulae and from field
tests- load test

46 Load carrying capacity Determination of Load carrying TB1, TB2

capacity from penetration tests,
negative skin friction and problem
solving
47 Practice session Tutorial-12

48 Pile groups Introduction to pile groups- TB1, TB2

arrangement of piles in groups-
Efficiency of pile groups
49 Pile group capacity Pile group capacity in sands and TB1, TB2
clays
50 Settlement of piles Settlement of pile and pile groups TB1, TB2
51 Practice session Tutorial-13

52 Settlement of piles Settlement of pile and pile groups TB1, TB2

53 Laterally loaded piles Laterally loaded piles TB1, TB2

54 Laterally loaded piles Laterally loaded piles TB1, TB2

55 Practice session Tutorial-14
56 Under reamed piles Under reamed piles TB1, TB2
57 Under reamed piles Under reamed piles TB1, TB2

58 Under reamed piles Under reamed piles TB1, TB2

59 Problems solving Review of Problem solving Previous Exam

papers
60 Practice session Tutorial-15
 Evaluation scheme:
Duration
Component Marks % of Weightage Date & Time Venue
(minutes)
22-08-22 to
Sessional Test – 1 90 30 30 Block-3
24-0-2022
(80% of highest
13-10-2022
marks + 20% of
90 30 to
lowest marks)
Sessional Test – 2 19-10-2022 Block-3
13-10-2022
Open Book 120 10 10 to
Examination 19-10-2022 Block-3
31-10-2022 to
180 60 60
Semester end exam 12-11-2022 Will be informed

Chamber Consultation Hour: Will be announced by the Instructor

Venue: Block-III – 1st Floor-Staff room.
Notices: Departmental main notice board

Mr.S.H.Vamsi Krishna Dr. S. Siva Gowri Prasad.

Signature of the Instructor Signature of the course co-ordinator