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UNIT – I
Sub–Soil Investigation And Sampling
Introduction; Methods of exploration; Methods of Boring; Soil Samples; Soil samplers and Sampling;
Number and disposition of trial pits and borings; Depth of exploration; Ground water observations; Plate
load test; Penetration tests- SPT,CPT(static and dynamic), Geophysical methods- Electrical resistivity and
seismic refraction methods; Bore logs; Site investigation report.
Lateral Earth Pressure & Retaining Walls
Introduction; Effect of wall movement on Earth Pressure; Earth Pressure at rest; Rankine’s theory of
Earth pressure; Coulomb’s theory of earth pressure; Culmann’s graphical method for active earth
pressure; Design considerations for retaining walls.
UNIT - II
Stability of Slopes
Introduction; Infinite slopes and translational slides; Definitions of factor of safety; Finite slopes- forms
of slip surface; Total stress and Effective stress methods of analysis; φu=0 Analysis (Total Stress Analysis) ;
c-φ Analysis- Method of slices; Location of most Critical Circle; Stability of Earth Dam Slopes; Friction
Circle Method; Taylor’s Stability Number.
Shallow Foundations
Concept of foundations; Types of foundations and their applicability; General requirements of
foundations; Location and Depth of foundation.
UNIT -III
Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundation
Terminology relating to bearing capacity; Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations – Terzaghi’s Bearing
Capacity theory; Skempton’s Bearing Capacity Analysis for Clay soils; IS-Code Recommendations for
Bearing Capacity; Influence of water table on bearing capacity.
Settlement Analysis
Settlement of Shallow foundation – types; Methods to reduce differential settlements; Allowable
Bearing Pressure; Immediate settlemtent –Terzaghi’s Method; Allowable Bearing pressure of Granular
Soils based on Standard Penetration Test Value – Terzaghi and IS methods.
UNIT – IV
Pile Foundations
Introduction; Uses of Piles; Types of Piles; Cast- in-situ Pile construction; Selection of Pile type; Pile
driving; Pile load carrying capacity in compression – Static Pile Load formula, Load tests-static and cyclic
pile load tests, Dynamic Pile formulae; Correlations with Penetration test data; Group action of Piles –
load carrying capacity and settlement; Negative skin friction.
Well Foundations
Types of wells; Components of well foundation; Shapes of wells; Forces acting on well foundation;
Construction and Sinking of wells.
Foundations in Expansive Soils
Clay minerals ,Clay water relations, Identification of expansive soil; Field conditions that favour swelling;
consequences of swelling; Laboratory methods for determination of swell pressure, Different alternative
foundation practices in swelling soils; Construction practice of UR piles in swelling soils.
NOTE
Two questions of 12 marks each will be given from each unit out of which one is to be answered. Twelve
questions of one mark each will be given from entire syllabus which is a compulsory question.
TEXT BOOK
1. Basic and Applied Soil Mechanics – Gopal Ranjan and A.S.R.Rao, New Age International
Publishers, 2011.
REFERENCES
1. Foundation Engineering by B. J. Kasmalkar; Pune Vidyarthi Griha Prakashan, Pune
2. Foundation Analysis & Design by Bowles, J.E., McGraw- Hill, 1995.
3. Foundations on Expansive Soils, F.H. Chen. Elsevier Publications,1988.
4. Geotechnical Engineering by SK Gulati & Manoj Datta, Tata McGraw-Hill,2010.
5. Principles of Foundation Engineering by B.M. Das., PWS Publishing Company, 4th edition, 1999.
6. Geotechnical Engineering by Codutu, 2nd Edition, PHI, 2010.
WEB REFERNCES:
www.iitm.ac.in