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SPSS

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24 views5 pages

SPSS

Uploaded by

shefaligupta1672
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SPSS

SPSS means “Statistical Package for the Social Sciences” and was first launched in
1968. Since SPSS was acquired by IBM in 2009, it's officially known as IBM SPSS
Statistics but most users still just refer to it as “SPSS”. This is one software package.
This package is mainly used for statistical analysis of the data.

SPSS is mainly used in the following areas like healthcare, marketing, and educational research, market
researchers, health researchers, survey companies, education research, government, marketing organizations,
data miners, and many others.

It provides data analysis for descriptive statistics, numeral outcome predictions, and identifying groups. This
software also gives data transformation, graphing, and direct marketing features to manage data smoothly.

Features of SPSS

 The data from any survey collected gets easily exported to SPSS for detailed and good analysis.
 In SPSS, data gets stored .SAV format. These data mainly come from surveys. This makes
manipulating, analyzing, and pulling data very simple.
 SPSS has easy access to data with different variable types. These variable data are easy to
understand. SPSS helps researchers to set up models easily because most of the process is automated.
 After getting data in, the magic of SPSS starts. There is no end to what we can do with this data.
 It has a unique way to get data from critical data also. Trend analysis, assumptions, and predictive
models are some of the characteristics of SPSS.
 It is easy for you to learn, use and apply.
 It helps to get data management systems and editing tools handy.
 SPSS offers you in-depth statistical capabilities for analyzing the exact outcome.
 It helps us design, plot, report, and present features for more clarity.

Statistical Methods of SPSS


Many statistical methods can be used in SPSS, which are as follows:

 Prediction for various data for identifying groups and including methodologies such as cluster
analysis, factor analysis, etc.
 Descriptive statistics, including the methodologies of SPSS, are frequencies, cross-tabulation, and
descriptive ratio statistics, which are very useful.
 Also, Bivariate statistics, including methodologies like analysis of variance (ANOVA), means,
correlation, nonparametric tests, etc.
 Numeral outcome prediction, such as linear regression.
 It is a kind of self-descriptive tool which automatically considers that you want to open an existing
file and opens a dialog box to ask which file you would like to open. This approach of SPSS makes it
very easy to navigate the interface and windows in SPSS if we open a file.
 Besides the statistical analysis of data, the SPSS software also provides data management features;
this allows the user to select, create derived data, perform file reshaping, etc. Another feature is data
documentation. This feature stores a metadata dictionary along with the data file.

SPSS can open all file formats that are commonly used for structured data such as

 spreadsheets from MS Excel or OpenOffice;


 plain text files (.txt or .csv);
 relational (SQL) databases;
 Stata and SAS.

Types of view in SPSS


It has two types of views those are Variable View and Data View:

SPSS Data View: After opening data, SPSS displays them in a spreadsheet-like fashion as shown in the
screenshot below from e.g. freelancers.sav.

This sheet -called data view- always displays our data values. For instance, our first record seems to
contain a male respondent from 1979 and so on. A more detailed explanation on the exact meaning of
our variables and data values is found in a second sheet shown below.

SPSS Variable View


An SPSS data file always has a second sheet called variable view. It shows the metadata associated with the
data. Metadata is information about the meaning of variables and data values. This is generally known as the
“codebook” but in SPSS it's called the dictionary.

Data Analysis
Right, so SPSS can open all sorts of data and display them -and their metadata- in two sheets in its Data
Editor window. So how to analyze your data in SPSS? Well, one option is using SPSS’ elaborate menu
options.

For instance, if our data contain a variable holding respondents’ incomes over 2010, we can compute the
average income by navigating to Descriptive Statistics as shown below.

Doing so opens a dialog box in which we select one or many variables and one or several statistics we'd like
to inspect.
SPSS Output Window

After clicking Ok, a new window opens up: SPSS’ output viewer window. It holds a nice table with all
statistics on all variables we chose. The screenshot below shows what it looks like.

As we see, the Output Viewer window has a different layout and structure than the Data Editor window we
saw earlier. Creating output in SPSS does not change our data in any way; unlike Excel, SPSS uses different
windows for data and research outcomes based on those data.

Tables and Charts


All basic tables and charts can be created easily and fast in SPSS. Typical examples are demonstrated under
data analysis. A real weakness of SPSS is that its charts tend to be ugly and often have a clumsy layout. A
great way to overcome this problem is developing and applying SPSS chart templates. Doing so, however,
requires a fair amount of effort and expertise.

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