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SMS - Module 1 2

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33 views5 pages

SMS - Module 1 2

Uploaded by

solazo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MODULE 1

SMS COURSE INTRODUCTION

Course Goals
• The goals of the ICAO Safety Management Systems (SMS) Course are to:
- provide participants knowledge of safety management concepts and ICAO Standards
and Recommended Practices (SARPs) on safety management in Annexes1, 6, 8, 11, 13
and 14, and related guidance material; and
- develop participants' knowledge to accept and oversee the key components of an SMS,
including their implementation, and the establishment of the State safety programme
(SSP) in compliance with relevant ICAO SARPs.

Course Contents
• Module 1 – SMS course introduction
• Module 2 – Basic safety concepts
• Module 3 – Introduction to safety management
• Module 4 – Hazards
• Module 5 – Risks
• Module 6 – SMS regulation
• Module 8 – SMS Planning
• Module 9 – SMS Operation
• Module 10 – Phased approach to SSP and SMS implementation
MODULE 2

BASIC SAFETY CONCEPTS


Objective
• At the end of this module, participants will be able to explain the strengths and weaknesses
of traditional methods to manage safety, and describe new perspectives and methods for
managing safety

In 2007, the National Transportation Safety Board estimated a total of nearly 24 million flight
hours. Of these 24 million hours, 6.84 of every 100,000 flight hours yielded an airplane crash, and
1.19 of every 100,000 yielded a fatal crash. This is down from an all-time high of 9.08 accidents
per 100,000 hours in 1994.

Compare it to other major forms of transportation - with 0.04 deaths per 100 million miles traveled,
train travel is much more dangerous than airplanes' 0.01 deaths per 100 million miles.

What is an SMS?
• Safety Management System
• A systematic approach to managing safety, including
the necessary organizational structures, accountabilities,
policies and procedures

Concept of Safety (Doc 9859) – SMSM


• Safety is the state in which the risk of harm to persons or property damage is reduced to,
and maintained at or below, an acceptable level through a continuing process of hazard
identification and risk management

Concept of Safety
- The elimination of accidents (and serious incidents) is unachievable
- Failures will occur, in spite of the most accomplished prevention efforts
- Controlled risk and controlled error are acceptable in an inherently safe system
- Acceptable Level of Safety (ALOS)
Safety
• Traditional approach – Preventing accidents
o Focus on outcomes (causes)
o Unsafe acts by operational personnel
o Attach blame/punish for failures to "perform safely"
o Address identified safety concern exclusively
o Regulatory compliance

• Identifies: WHAT? WHO? WHEN?


• But not always discloses: WHY? HOW?

The Evolution of Safety Thinking


• Technical Factors (1910s – mid 1950s)
o Technical
• Human Factors (1950s – late 1990s)
o Smoking, Hypoxia, Personnel of Airlines
• Organizational Factors (1990s – 2000s, present)
o Organization itself
CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS (CAR) PART 1
GENERAL POLICIES, PROCEDURES, and DEFINITIONS

Accident: An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place between
the times any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all such
persons have disembarked, in which:

(a) a person is fatally or seriously injured


(b) the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which:
(c) the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible.

Incident: An occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft which
affects or could affect the safety of operation.

Examples of Accidents

a) a person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of:


- being in the aircraft, or
- direct contact with any part of the aircraft, including parts which have become detached
from the aircraft, or
- direct exposure to jet blast, except when the injuries are from natural causes, self-inflicted
or inflicted by other persons, or when the injuries are to stowaways hiding outside the areas
normally available to the passengers and crew; or

b) the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which:


- adversely affects the structural strength, performance or flight characteristics of the aircraft,
and
- would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component, except for
engine failure or damage, when the damage is limited to the engine, its cowlings or
accessories; or for damage limited to propellers, wing tips, antennas, tires, brakes, fairings,
small dents or puncture holes in the aircraft skin; or
c) the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible.
Note 1. — For statistical uniformity only, an injury resulting in death within thirty days of the date
of the accident is classified as a fatal injury by ICAO.
Note 2. — An aircraft is considered to be missing when the official search has been terminated
and the wreckage has not been located

Examples of Incidents

1. Near collisions requiring an avoidance maneuvers to avoid a collision or an unsafe situation


or when an avoidance action would have been appropriate.
2. Controlled flight into terrain only marginally avoided.
3. Aborted take-offs on a closed or engaged runway.
4. Take-offs from a closed or engaged runway with marginal separation from obstacle(s).
5. Landings or attempted landings on a closed or engaged runway.
6. Gross failures to achieve predicted performance during take-off or initial climb.
7. Fires and smoke in the passenger compartment, in cargo compartments or engine fires,
even though such fires were extinguished by the use of extinguishing agents.
8. Events requiring the emergency use of oxygen by the flight crew.
9. Aircraft structural failures or engine disintegrations not classified as an accident.
10. Multiple malfunctions of one or more aircraft systems seriously affecting the operation of
the aircraft.
11. Flight crew incapacitation in flight.
12. Fuel quantity requiring the declaration of an emergency by the pilot.
13. Take-off or landing incidents. Incidents such as under-shooting, overrunning or running off
the side of runways.
14. System failures, weather phenomena, operations outside the approved flight envelope or
other occurrences which could have caused difficulties controlling the aircraft.
15. Failures of more than one system in a redundancy system mandatory for flight guidance
and navigation.

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