TEST YOURSELF 01

1. I've been in this city for a long time. I ---- here sixteen 10. The phone ---- constantly since Jack announced his
years ago. candidacy for president this morning.
A) have come B) was coming A) has been ringing B) rang
C) came C) D) had been ringing

2. - "Hurry up! We're waiting for you. What's taking you 11. The earth ---- on the sun for its heat and light.
so long?" A) is depend B) will depend
- "I ---- for an important phone call. Go ahead and leave C) depend D) depends
without me."
A) wait B) wait
C) have waited D) am waiting 12. I don't feel good. I ---- home from work tomorrow.
A) stay B) stay
C) will D) stayed
3. Robert is going to be famous someday. He ---- in three
movies already.
A) appear B) had appeared 13. Today there are weather satellites that beam down
C) has appeared D) appeared information about the earth's atmosphere. In the last two
decades, space exploration ---- great contributions to
weather forecasting.
4. - "When is Mr. Fields planning to retire?" A) is making B) has made
- "Soon, I think. He ---- here for a long time. He'll C) made D) makes
probably retire either next year or the year after that."
A) has been working B) had been working
C) worked D) is working 14. On July 20, 1969, Astronaut Neil Armstrong ---- down
onto the moon, the first person ever to set foot on another
celestial body.
A) step B) stepped
5. - "Why did you buy all this sugar and chocolate?" C) has stepped D) had stepped
- "I ---- a delicious dessert for dinner tonight."
A) make B) will make
C) e D) w 15. The plane's departure was delayed because of
mechanical difficulties. When the weary passengers finally
boarded the aircraft, many were annoyed and irritable
because they ---- in the airport for three and a half hours.
6. "Let's go! What's taking you so long?" A) are waiting B) waiting
"I'll be there as soon as I ---- my keys." C) have been waiting D) had been waiting
A) found B) will find
C) find D) am finding
16. If coastal erosion continues to take place at the present
rate, in another fifty years this beach ---- anymore.
A) t exist B) isn't going to exist
7. When there ---- a full moon next week, the ocean tides C) isn't existing D)
will be higher.
A) B) is
C) will be D) will have been 17. Homestead High School's football team ---- a
championship until last season, when the new coach led
them to win first place in their league.
A) has never won B) is never winning
8. While I ---- TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor. C) never win D) had never won
A) watch B) watched
C) was watching D) am watching
18. Non-native speakers need many years of intensive
language study before they can qualify as interpreters. By
the end of this year, Chen ---- English for three years, but
9. Fish were among the earliest forms of life. Fish ---- on he will still need more training and experience before he
earth for ages and ages. masters the language.
A) existed B) existing A) stud B) has studied
C) exist D) have existed C) will have been studying D) has been studying
 TEST YOURSELF 02
1. After Jessica ---- her degree, she intends to work in her 1 . I ---- all of the questions correctly since I began this
father's company. grammar exercise on verb tenses.
A) will finish B) A) am answering B) answer
C) finishes D) C) have answered D) answered

2. By the time I go to bed tonight, I ---- my work for the 1 . A small stone struck the windshield while we ---- down
day. the gravel road.
A) B) finished A) drive B) were driving
C) will have finished D) finish C) had driven D) driving

3. When my parents ---- for a visit tomorrow, they will see 1 . "May I speak to Dr. Paine, please?"
our new baby for the first time. "I'm sorry, he ---- a patient at the moment. Can I help
A) will arrive B) arrived you?"
C) D) arrive A) is seeing B) sees
C) has been seeing D) was seeing
4. Fatemah looked down to discover a snake at her feet.
When she saw it, she ----. 1 . "When are you going to ask your boss for a raise?"
A) was screaming B) "---- to her twice already! I don't think she wants to give
C) screamed D) screams me one."
A) I've talked B) I've been talking
5. By the time Alfonso finally graduated from high school, C) I was talking D) I' talk
he ---- seven different schools because his parents moved
frequently. 1 . "Do you think Harry will want something to eat after
A) attended B) was attending he gets here?"
C) had attended D) "I hope not. It'll probably be after midnight, and we ____."
A) are sleeping B) will be sleeping
6. Until you learn to relax more, you ---- your ability to C) have been sleeping D) sleep
speak English.
A) haven't improved B) 1 . Paul, could you please turn off the stove? The potatoes
C) D) won't improve ---- for at least thirty minutes.
A) are boiling B) boiling
7. I borrowed four books on gardening the last time I ---- to C) have been boiling D) were boiling
the library.
A) go B) went
. "Is it true that spaghetti didn't originate in Italy?"
C) D) have gone
"Yes. The Chinese ---- spaghetti dishes for a long time
before Marco Polo brought it back to Italy."
8. Before I started the car, all of the passengers ---- their
A) have been making B)
seat belts.
C) had been making D) make
A) will buckle B) had buckled
C) buckle D) have buckled
2 . "Could someone help me lift the lawnmower into the
9. It seems that whenever I travel abroad, I ---- to take pickup truck?"
something I need. "I'm not busy. I ---- you."
A) forgot B) A) help B) will help
C) forget D) had forgotten C help D) am helping

10. When I see the doctor this afternoon, I ---- him to look
21. Here's an interesting statistic: On a typical day, the
at my throat.
average person ---- about 48,000 words. How many words
A) will ask B) asked
did you speak today?
C) have asked D) ask
A) spoke B) was speaking
C) speaks D) speak
11. After ancient Greek athletes won a race in the
Olympics, they ---- a simple crown of olive leaves.
A) received B)receive 22. The National Hurricane Center is closely watching a
C) D) have received strong hurricane over the Atlantic Ocean. When it ---- the
coast of Texas sometime tomorrow afternoon, it will bring
1 . I'll return Bob's pen to him the next time I ---- him. with it great destructive force.
A) see B) will see A) reaches B) will reach
C) s D) have seen C) reaching D) reach
 TEST YOURSELF 03
1. Before Bill Clinton ---- President of the United States, he 8. Thousands of years ago, The Maya ---- calendars that
---- the governor of the state of Arkansas for 12 years. were far more complicated than those we ---- today, and
A) has become / was B) had become / has been just as accurate.
C) was becoming / is D) has become / has been A) have made / had
E) became / had been B) made / have
C) had made / had had
D) were making / were having
2. Meteor showers ---- when the Earth ---- through the tail E) have been making / have had
of a comet.
A) occurred / passes B) occur / will pass
C) occurred / used to pass D) occur / was passing
9. Many people think that doctors ---- AIDS for several
E) occur / is passing
centuries before they ever ---- a cure for the dreaded
disease.
A) are going to study / found
3. After they ---- from deep dives, divers ---- a period of
B) will have been studying / find
deep compression.
C) are studying / have found
A) will return / are going to undergo
D) will be studying / will find
B) are returning / undergo
E) study / will have found
C) would return / will undergo
D) return / undergo
E) are going to return / will undergo
10. Since the inflation rate ---- over the past several years,
banks ---- now willing to lend large amounts of money to
4. After Alexander The Great ---- Macedonia, he ---- his people starting up businesses.
attention to the rest of the world. A) has decreased / are
A) has conquered / was turning B) was decreasing / had been
B) conquered / has turned C) had decreased / have been
C) had conquered / turned D) decreased / had been
D) was conquering / had turned E) decreases / were
E) had been conquering / has been turning

11. Ever since the US ---- the Amundsen-Scott South Pole

5. Older drivers have difficulty detecting distances
Station, scientists ---- permanently in Antarctica.
between them and a truck ahead so when they ---- a
A) was constructing / are living
stopped or slow-moving truck, they ---- enough time or
B) has constructed / have lived
distance to stop.
C) constructed / have been living
A) will perceive / won't have
D) constructs / have been living
B) have perceived / didn't have
E) has been constructing / live
C) perceive / don't have
D) perceived / haven't had
E) are going to perceive / won't have
12. Lynn Hill, the great rock climber ---- for the first time at
the age of 14, and since then, she ---- some of the most
6. By the time the Goths ---- the great Temple of Artemis amazing climbs in the sport's history.
during a raid in 262 A.D., both the city and the religion of A) is climbing / did
Artemis ---- to decline. B) was climbing / does
A) have destroyed / started C) has climbed / has been doing
B) destroyed / had started D) climbed / has done
C) would destroy / have started E) has been climbing / is doing
D) had destroyed / used to start
E) were destroying / have started

13. Around the 4th century AD, Indonesian people ---- the
7. After you ---- this course, you ---- a very good idea of Indian Ocean to Madagascar, and their descendants still ----
how modern English is structured. an Indonesian-like language there today.
A) have finished / will have A) have crossed / are speaking
B) finished / are going to have B) are crossing / have been speaking
C) will finish / have C) crossed / speak
D) are going to finish / will have D) were crossing / spoke
E) finish / have had E) have been crossing / have spoken
 th
14. In the 15 century, while the Portuguese ---- to get to 21. Once the fires ---- to spread following the San Francisco
Asia around Africa, Christopher Columbus ---- to try getting earthquake of April 18, 1906, the devastation in the city ----
there by sailing west. enormously.
A) tried / has wanted B) have been trying / wants A) started / has been increasing
C) have tried / wanted D) were trying / wanted B) had started / increased
E) are trying / has wanted C) were starting / had increased
D) have started / would increase
E) started / will have increased
15. People across much of the world ---- few actual letters
these days, as they ---- it easier to send e-mails or text
messages. 22. Chicago labour unions ---- a wide scale strike for an
A) have been writing / were finding eight-hour work day on May the 1st, but the strikes ----
B) write / find into violence two days later, resulting in the death of
C) are writing / found twelve workers and seven police officers.
D) have written / are finding A) had organized / escalated
E) wrote / have found B) organize / have escalated
C) would organize / have escalated
D) organized / were escalating
16. Mark Twain ---- as a steamboat pilot on the Mississippi, E) have been organizing / escalated
and later he ---- his knowledge of the river in his book,
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
A) will have worked / is using 23. Children born in the first few years of the 21st century,
B) was working / uses without a doubt ---- many important and revolutionary
C) had worked / used social and technological changes by the time they ----
D) worked / had used adults.
E) had been working / has used A) witness / have become
B) will witness / will become
C) witnessed / became
17. At the beginning of the millennium, the mapping of the D) are going to witness / are becoming
human genome ---- the door to the detailed analysis of E) will have witnessed / have become
genes, but experts ---- still ---- to reveal more.
A) is opening / have...tried
B) opened / are...trying 24. Hong Kong's international significance ---- in the
C) had opened / will...have tried second half of the 20th century, when China ---- as a
D) has opened / have...been trying participant in world trade and politics once again.
E) has been opening / had...tried A) accelerated / emerged
B) has accelerated / will emerge
C) was accelerating / is emerging
18. Just a few decades ago, inflation ---- a big problem in
D) accelerates / has emerged
the country, but during the past ten years, there ---- almost E) had accelerated / emerges
no change in prices.
A) is / is being B) has been / is
C) was / has been D) was being / was 25. Although many people still mistakenly ---- that
E) is being / has been Stonehenge was built by Celtic peoples, in actual fact the
Celts ---- in Britain until a thousand or so years after its
19. Because of drastic budget cuts that ---- teachers, construction.
materials, and facilities, public schools in the United States A) believe / didn't arrive
---- in a critical situation. B) believed / weren't arriving
A) had affected / have been B) are affecting / had been C) have believed / haven't arrived
C) have affected / are D) used to affect / are D) believe / won't have arrived
E) were affecting / had been E) believed / haven't arrived

20. It is widely rumoured that the US government ---- 26. It's been almost eight years since he ---- the guitar in
many threats already about such an action when the front of an audience, so it's quite normal that he----
terrorist attack on the World Trade Center actually ---- on nervous about his performance tomorrow.
11 September 2001. A) has played / felt
A) has received / will occur B) was playing / feels
B) received / will have occurred C) is playing / was feeling
C) had received / occurred D) played / is feeling
D) had been receiving / had occurred E) has played / has felt
E) was receiving / has occurred
 TEST YOURSELF 04
1. The 19th-century Victorian custom of wearing an 7. California is on the North American plate and it is along
extremely tight girdle in order to appear slimmer ---- or near this line that most of California's earthquakes ----
serious internal damage to thousands of women. place when the two tectonic plates ---- in different
Thankfully, that custom ---- since then. directions.
A) has been causing / disappears A) have taken / moved
B) was causing / is disappearing B) took / have moved
C) has caused / was disappearing C) take / move
D) causes / disappeared D) had taken / move
E) caused / has disappeared E) were taking / have moved

2. Modern advertising and fashion too often ---- the ideal 8. Nobody minded the storm we had because we really ----
woman as extremely slim, but this image ---- a dangerous the rain since the drought ---- for almost two years.
contribution to the growing number of anorexic and A) needed / has lasted
bulimic girls in recent years. B) have needed / lasted
A) present / made C) need / had lasted
B) presented / was making D) had needed / has lasted
C) are presenting / is making E) needed / had lasted
D) present / has made
E) have presented / makes
9. A few genetic mutations ---- over time as the cell-
3. Few people ---- the name Heinrich Schliemann today, division process in our bodies ---- to break down.
but in his time he ---- worldwide fame for discovering the A) increase / begins
ruins of the ancient city of Troy. B) increased / has begun
A) were remembering / gained C) have increased / began
B) have remembered / was gaining D) had increased / has begun
C) remember / gained E) were increasing / begins
D) remembered / gained
E) remember / has gained
10. Ever since the Slavs ---- in Balkan, they ---- the power of

4. On November 3, 1957, the Soviet Union ---- Laika, a Empire towards the end of the 10th century.
female dog, into space in an artificial satellite; she ---- for A) settled / have resisted
nearly a week, until the depletion of her air supply. B) have settled / had resisted
A) has launched / was surviving C) settled / had resisted
B) launched / survived D) have settled / have resisted
C) launches / is surviving E) had settled / resisted
D) has been launching / has survived
E) was launching / has been surviving
11. Researchers have found that seventeen percent of the
children who spend more than thirty hours a week in
5. While Laika ---- the Earth in the spacecraft, Soviet childcare ---- behaviour problems before they ---- ready to
scientists on the ground ---- her breathing, heartbeat and start school.
blood pressure to determine the possible effects of space A) are showing / were
travel on humans. B) will have shown / are going to be
A) has orbited / monitored C) are going to show / will be
B) orbited / have monitored D) show / are
C) was orbiting / were monitoring E) have shown / were
D) orbits / are monitoring
E) has been orbiting / monitor
12. Once the deer ---- the whole Northern hemisphere, but
up to today their population ---- to an incredible number
6. Since Laika's death, scientists ---- many other animals due to the uncontrolled hunting.
into space because studying the animals while in orbit ---- A) has inhabited / declined
them to carry out many useful experiments. B) had inhabited / was declining
A) send / was allowing C) inhabited / has declined
B) have sent / allows
D) is inhabiting / is declining
C) are sending / is allowing
E) was inhabiting / had declined
D) have been sending / allowed
E) sent / has been allowing
13. The music industry ---- for 20 years or so to find an 19. In April, Apple ---- iPhone warranty policies in its
artist who can sell tens of millions of CDs, like Michael second-biggest market, China, after its after-sales service
Jackson ---- in the early 1980s. ---- more for about two weeks of condemnation by the
A) has been searching / did state-run media.
B) had been searching / has done A) has altered / has suffered
C) is searching / was doing B) had altered / suffered
D) was searching / does C) altered / suffered
E) searched / has been doing D) was going to alter / are suffering
E) altered / suffer

14. At the press conference, the Prime Minister ---- to

comment on the rumour that he ---- to resign for a long 20. 150 years ago, Charles Darwin ---- for the first time the
time. term living fossil, which refers to a plant that has been
A) has refused / is planning reintroduced and cultivated in a region where it once ----
B) had refused / was planning millions of years ago.
C) was refusing / has planned A) was using / has flourished
D) refused / had been planning B) used / flourished
E) had refused / has been planning C) has used / has flourished
D) had used / has been flourishing
E) has been using / had flourished

15. The use of music in the British Artillery ---- from as far
back as the 16th century, but the Orchestra, which ---- 21. The experience of peace agreements in this decade has
nowadays, is based on the band formed in 1762. shown that as soon as the ink ---- dry, the interpretation by
A) is dating / was playing the parties of agreed provisions ---- to diverge.
B) was dating / is playing A) will be / has begun
C) dates / plays B) has been / began
D) will date / will play C) was / has begun
E) dated / played D) was / had begun
E) is / begins

16. Over the next 10 years, certain scientists who ---- 22. Turtles ---- our planet for more than 150 million years
eating habits ---- customers in a restaurant in the but it is assumed that there ---- any turtles in the oceans of
Netherlands. this planet by the year 2020, unless massive protection
A) had studied / have been monitoring measures are undertaken now.
B) have studied / monitored A) had inhabited / aren't going to be
C) are going to study / had monitored B) were inhabiting / won't have been
D) studied / are monitoring C) are inhabiting / haven't been
E) are studying / will be monitoring D) have been inhabiting / won't be
E) inhabit / haven't been

th
17. In the 4 century BC, Greek philosopher Antisthenes ---- 23. The Earth that we once ---- and our grandchildren ----
the school of Cynicism, which ---- a life of simplicity. from us in the future is in great danger due to the
A) is founding / has recommended increasing amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
B) has founded / recommends A) have inherited / have inherited
C) will found / is recommending B) inherited / will inherit
D) founded / recommended C) inherit / would inherit
E) was founding / had recommended D) had inherited / have inherited
E) used to inherit / inherited

18. Some environmental experts ---- that the north of 24. Searching further for the causes of obesity, the
England ---- nearly as cold as Siberia by the year 2050. nutritional theorists claim that people's health ---- as soon
A) predict / becomes as they ---- a change in their eating habits.
B) have predicted / is becoming A) improves / will have
C) will predict / will become B) is improving / are going to have
D) predict / will have become C) will improve / have
E) predicted / has become D) is going to improve / will be having
E) will have improved / will have had
 TEST YOURSELF 05
1. National and global transportation and communication 9. ---- Kimiko was about to leave the house, she realized
th
got rapidly faster ---- the 19 century. that she had forgotten to put her keys into her bag.
A) during B) when A) Ever since B) Until
C) once D) while C) Just as D) After
E) since E) For

2. ---- the Saudi Arabian Airlines plane was flying from New 10. ---- the British Parliament voted on John Stuart Mill's
Delhi to Dhahran, a Kazakh airplane struck it, causing both proposal to give votes to women, a majority of 196 to 73
to explode with the loss of 324 lives. MPs voted against it.
A) Until B) Ever since A) For B) Before
C) The moment D) While C) Since D) During
E) During E) When

3. Scott has been writing his poetry in a simple A4 11. Richard had been watching the empty horizon from the
notebook ---- his laptop got a computer virus. island ---- days, but he hadn't seen any ships.
A) until B) by the time A) since B) until
C) ever since D) while C) before D) for
E) once E) while

4. It will be impossible to travel outside of our solar system 12. The reformer Dora Russell ran an enlightened school ----
---- someone invents a much faster engine for spacecraft. the Second World War broke out.
A) while B) until A) since B) during
C) by the time D) when C) meanwhile D) by the time
E) the moment E) until

5. ---- the British had defeated the Indian revolt in 1858, 13. The players turned towards the changing rooms ---- the
they put the rebels to death in a violent and inhuman way. referee blew her whistle.
A) After B) While A) as soon as B) during
C) By the time D) Ever since C) by the time D) ever since
E) Until E) no sooner

6. I'm going to go to Bulgaria for a two-week camping 14. Police in France arrested a man ---- he had advertised
holiday ---- my final exams are over. some of Pharaoh Ramses II's hair on the Internet.
A) by the time B) ever since A) so B) while
C) just as D) while C) till D) after
E) as soon as E) during

7. ---- Dean saw a suspicious light in his empty apartment, 15. Roy Keane has been managing the club Sunderland
he called the police on his mobile phone. from ---- he retired as a professional football player.
A) Until B) The moment A) ever since B) the moment
C) By the time D) During C) after D) as soon as
E) Ever since E) by the time

8. ---- the Carpathia reached the area where the Titanic 16. We had ---- walked into the cinema than the
had sunk, everyone, except for those in the lifeboats, had advertisements for the new films came on.
died. A) no sooner B) already
A) The moment B) As soon as C) once D) just
C) By the time D) Until E) ever since
E) Just as
17. Arturo Barea fought in Morocco ---- the Rif War and 26. ---- the discovery of vaccination with cowpox by
wrote about his experiences afterwards. Edward Jenner in 1796, the disease called smallpox killed
A) as soon as B) while about forty percent of its victims.
C) during D) by the time A) While B) Until
E) since C) During D) As soon as
E) Once

18. ---- we got to the opera house, the second act of Don
Carlos had already started. 27. It was ---- the winter of my last year at university that I
A) By the time B) While had a traffic accident on the way to school.
C) Ever since D) Until A) when B) just as
E) After C) while D) during
E) since

19. The sculptor Michelangelo carved a statue of Bacchus ----

he had arrived in the city of Rome. 28. Unfortunately, ---- I finally arrived at the restaurant,
A) during B) ever since my date had already left.
C) until D) once A) the moment B) by the time
E) by the time C) until D) ever since
E) while

20. Erdal continued writing an e-mail on the computer ----

the telephone in the living room was ringing. 29. ---- the United Nations decided to act, it was too late to
A) no sooner B) as soon as stop a huge civilian refugee problem in Kosova.
C) while D) until A) Since B) Until
E) by the time C) During D) While
E) By the time

21. ---- Most young Americans finish university, they are

deeply in debt. 30. ---- the assassination of Mohandas Gandhi early in
A) During B) For 1948, India has largely failed to live up to his ideals.
C) Ever since D) Just as A) When B) Before
E) By the time C) Once D) Ever since
E) During

22. Tom has been miserable and unhappy ---- she broke up
31. ---- he started competing in high profile tournaments ,
with Janice.
Tiger Williams' name has been famous not just as a terrific
A) by the time B) since
golfer, but as the first internationally successful black
C) during D) while
golfer.
E) as long as
A) Since B) As soon as
C) While D) Before
E) When
23. ---- the hurricane, dozens of people took shelter in the
only concrete building on the island.
A) During B) By the time 32. ---- you see her, please tell her to give me a call,
C) While D) As soon as because I've got some very important news to tell her.
E) Just as A) Before B) During
C) As soon as D) By the time
E) While
24. I promise that I will visit grandmother ---- I have some
free time.
33. ---- the year 2023, Turkey will have been an
A) until B) during
independent republic for one hundred years.
C) ever since D) by the time
A) As B) Just as
E) the moment
C) Once D) In
E) Until
25. Sam worked part-time as a dishwasher to support
himself ---- egree. 34. I bumped into an old student of mine ---- I was walking
A) ever since B) until down the street the other day.
C) by the time D) while A) once B) as soon as
E) during C) as D) after
E) by the time
 TEST YOURSELF 06
1. ---- he left the house last night, he had checked several 9. We won't be able to fly our kites ---- the wind picks up a
times to make sure all the doors and windows were little to be favourable.
locked. A) while B) just as
A) While B) Before C) until D) by the time
C) By D) Since E) when
E) During

2. He attended the meeting, but he didn't make any 10. ---- the library was about to close, I found a useful book
comments ---- the entire discussion about modernisation. for my essay, so I rushed to the counter immediately.
A) while B) when A) Before B) While
C) until D) during C) Ever since D) Just as
E) as soon as E) By the time

3. She covered her hair with a headscarf ---- they travelled 11. The company introduced a new computer system just -
through Iran. --- we had all learned the previous one.
A) ever since B) by the time A) while B) until
C) during D) just C) by the time D) ever since
E) while E) as soon as

4. I went to Spain two years ago, but I haven't taken a 12. She hasn't worn her solid gold bracelet ---- the clasp
holiday ---- then. broke and she nearly lost it.
A) before B) since A) when B) since
C) by D) until C) by the time D) until
E) during E) while

5. ---- he received his visa, he flew to Australia. 13. He waved to his wife on the ground ---- the hot air
A) As soon as B) Until balloon rose higher and higher.
C) During D) By the time A) just B) during
E) While C) by the time D) since
E) as

6. The pack on his back was so heavy that ---- he reached 14. Why didn't you take the opportunity to buy one ----
the camp, the straps on his rucksack had made his they were offering 20 percent discount for cash payment?
shoulders sore. A) until B) ever since
A) by the time B) during C) after D) while
C) after D) while E) during
E) as soon as

7. Andrea wrote several short stories ---- she finally wrote 15. My mother rang just as I was getting into the bath and
a novel. the water had turned quite cold ---- I returned to the
A) while B) since bathroom.
C) as soon as D) by the time A) during B) since
E) before C) by the time D) while
E) until

8. He dresses quite smartly, so ---- he goes into town, he 16. This is a good quality battery, so it will run for 60 hours
wears a shirt and tie. ---- it stops.
A) just as B) since A) before B) while
C) by the time D) while C) already D) during
E) whenever E) as soon as
17. Mozambique has only been independent of Portugal ---- 26. So much snow had covered the mountaineer that ----
1974. they dug him out, he had almost frozen to death.
A) during B) before A) while B) by the time
C) since D) by the time C) until D) as soon as
E) for E) after

18. I'm not going to buy her any more presents ---- she 27. Joanna received treatment for many years ---- her
thanks me for the ones I have already bought her. cancer finally disappeared.
A) while B) as soon as A) by the time B) since
C) since D) until C) as D) before
E) just as E) while

19. My son knocked over a full jug of milk ---- we were 28. She is very scared of dogs, so ---- she sees one, she
about to leave the house for an appointment at the gives it as much room as possible.
doctor's. A) whenever B) by the time
A) after B) just as C) while D) since
C) during D) as soon as E) just as
E) by the time

29. We won't be able to ski ---- this fog clears. It's far too
20. ---- he went to the doctor's, the flesh on his foot had dangerous at the moment.
started to rot. A) while B) just as
A) Since B) Just as C) until D) by the time
C) During D) While E) when
E) By the time

30. ---- I was about to leave the office, the telephone rang
21. I don't think Susan's father smiled once ---- her and I'm glad I answered it because a customer wanted to
wedding reception, which lasted all day and evening. place a large order.
A) during B) after A) Before B) Just as
C) when D) as soon as C) By the time D) While
E) while E) Since

22. The main character was so funny that we laughed 31. Many people had drunk the contaminated water ----
continually ---- the whole play. the council informed the residents of the chemical spill.
A) during B) until A) by the time B) since
C) while D) as soon as C) while D) after
E) before E) just as

23. She attended a supplementary Mathematics course ---- 32. No one has seen Fred ---- he decided rather foolishly to
she was studying for her 'Advanced Calculus' examination. go sailing in the hurricane.
A) before B) during A) when B) before
C) while D) by the time C) since D) by the time
E) after E) just as

24. I discussed the new advertisement with him over the 33. The athlete raised his hand in a victory salute ---- he
telephone, but I haven't spoken to him ---- then. crossed the finish line.
A) before B) by A) until B) during
C) during D) until C) by the time D) since
E) since E) after

25. ---- I read about his death in the newspaper, I sent a 34. You got a "0" on your homework because you weren't
sympathy card to his widow. listening ---- the teacher was explaining what to do.
A) Before B) By the time A) while B) as soon as
C) During D) While C) until D) after
E) As soon as E) before