MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

Gov.CENTRAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM

2023-2024

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MINOR PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by :

SecondGroup

SECOND YEAR DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Gov. CENTRAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

1
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

Gov.CENTRAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the minor project report is submitted by
Second Group Students of Second year Civil Engineering for the partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the award of “Diploma in Civil
Engineering” under the Department of Technical Education Govt.of Kerala
during the academic year 2023-24. Certified that is the Bonafide record of the
Minor project work conducted by the above student

Guided by

Sri.AKHIL B NAIR Smt. RAJALEKSHMI.G.R

Lecturer Head of Section
Department of civil Engineering Department of civil Engineering
CPTC TRIVANDRUM CPTC TRIVANDRUM

Internal Examiner External Examiner 2

MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are using this opportunity to express our gratitude to everyone who

supported us throughout the Minor project. I am thankful for their aspiring

guidance during the entire project. We also express our sincere thanks to our

Principl Smt.Cinimole K G for giving permission to carry out Minor project

works at college

Special to our H.O.D, Smt. RAJALEKSHMI.G.R for all helps throughout

the Minor Project and expressing the sincere gratitude for

Sri.AKHIL.B.NAIR who helped us a lot by giving instructions during the

entire project`

We also express our deep gratitude to our project guide Sri.SURESH S T and

Smt. Swathy Raj M and all other faculty who inspired us to carry out and to

complete our Minor project.

3
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

MINOR PROJECT REPORT 2023-24

GROUP MEMBERS

REG.NO
SI.NO NAME

1 AHAMMED IRFAN I 2201010400

2 AKSHAY A.L 2201010401

3 ANANDAN S.P 2201010403

4 ANANTHU B.C 2201010406

5 ANJITH RAJ L.S 220101408

6 GOURI S.S 2201010421

7 KANNAN RAMESH 2201010423

8 MEGHA C 2201010429

9 SANDRA SASIDHARAN S 2201010444

4
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

ABSTRACT

The project report is broad-spectrum consists of outcomes satisfied to the

minor project. The content of all chapters is broadly explained. This report is made on

the implementation of 5s in college to improve efficiency and make a continuous

Improvement in our society and our surroundings. In this report we share our idea

which we have used to carry out the 5s in college which can help you. The 5S is

implemented in Central polytechnic college Trivandrum

Implementing the "shine" stage of 5S in our lab was a success, that the cad lab

maintenance and cleaning all the lab, classroom, library, etc. resulting in a cleaner,

more organized, and safer workplace. It also improved the efficiency and

productivity of the lab, as it was easier to find tools and complete tasks. We

recommend that other labs consider implementing the 5S methodology to improve

their workplaces' efficiency, productivity, and safety.

The Course Outcome four was about identifying problems of social significance

and solving them using the skills we have acquired. The problem we have decided to

solve here is that during rainy season, the students have difficulty in going to the

canteen and boy’s toilet of Muttom Government Polytechnic College through the way

from the Civil Department during Monsoon. Due to the difficulty of getting any new

funds to solve the problem and because 80% of students of the college have to go to

the canteen and toilet through that way, we decided to somehow avoid the water

logging there 5
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

CONTENTS

SL. NO PARTICULARS PAGE NO

1 INTRODUCTION 7

2 PHASE 1 11

2.1 5S IMPLEMENTATION 11

• What is 5S?

• The 5S pillars

• What are the 5S’s?

• How to implement 5S?

• Benefits of 5S program

2.2 CONCRETE 18
TECHNOLOGY LAB
CLEANING

2.3 PAINTING 23

3 PHASE 2 27

3.1 FLOWER POT MAKING 27

3.2 MAINTENANCE OF 32
SLAB

4 CONCLUSION 33

6
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

INTRODUCTION

Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with

the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally

built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals,

dams, airports, sewage systems, pipelines, structural components of

buildings, and railways.

This is an introductory course for you to develop the mental power

needed to learn about the design, processes, and current technologies used

in the engineering sector. At the end of the course, you'll have the

necessary skills to approach engineering tasks, such as the design of

bridges.

Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of

sub-disciplines. It is considered the second-oldest engineering discipline

after military engineering, and it is defined to distinguish non-military

engineering from military engineering. Civil engineering can take place in

the public sector from municipal public works departments through to

federal government agencies, and in the private sector from locally based

firms to global Fortune 500 companies.

7
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

The course is organized in two phases

Phase1:

Creating an industrial environment within the institute.

a)5S Implementation: Students trained in the industry practices

such as workplace maintenance, safety, reduction of wastage, teamwork
and maintenance of the tools and equipments.

b) Maintenance and preventive maintenance of equipment,

tools, machineries: Each department shall be trained and

encouraged to undertake maintenance and repairing od

equipment’s, machines, tools etc.

Phase 2:

a) Identify problems of social significance or with day-to-day

application: Students shall be provided with problems of social

significance which can be solved applying skills acquired so far.

b) Applying technology to solve the identified problem

8
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

LOCATION

The site selected for the Minor project was inside the area

of Central Polytechnic Collage campus. The site selected

were department Cad lab, Class room, Tile paving was done

on Boys Resting Room , Flower pot making was done on

verandah In front of Concrete technology lab, painting on

desk and benches was held at backside of Class Room and

Lab

9
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

INSTRUMENTS USED

1. SPIRIT LEVEL

2. MIXING PADDLE

3. TROWEL

4. RUBBER MALLET

5. PAINTING BRUSH

6. TAPE

7. MOULD

8. HAMMER

9. MOP

10. COP-WEB BRUSH

11.WHEEL BARRIER

10
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

PHASE 1

2.1 5S IMPLEMENTATION

5S is a system to reduce waste and optimize productivity through

maintaining an orderly workplace and using visual cues to achieve more

consistent operational results. Implementation of this method "cleans up" and

organizes the workplace basically in its existing configuration, and it is typically

the first lean method which organizations implement.

The 5S pillars, Sort (Seiri), Set in Order (Seiton), Shine (Seiso), Standardize

(Seiketsu), and Sustain (Shitsuke), provide a methodology for organizing, cleaning,

developing, and sustaining a productive work environment. For example, in the daily

work of a company, institution routines that maintain organization and orderliness are

essential to a smooth and efficient flow of activities. This lean method encourages

workers to improve their working conditions and helps them to learn to reduce waste,

unplanned downtime, and in-process inventory.

WHAT IS 5S?

The 5s method is a standardized process that when properly implemented

creates and maintain an organized safe, clean and efficient workplace.

Improved visual controls are implemented as part of 5s to make any process

non-conformance’s obvious and easily detectable. 5s is often one element of

a larger lean initiative and promotes continuous improvement. 11

MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

The 5S pillars

o Sort: Separating of the essential from the nonessential items

o Straighten: Organizing the essential materials where everything has its place

o Shine: Cleaning the work area o Standardize: Establishing a system to

maintain and make 5S a habit

o Sustain: Establishing a safe and sanitary work environment (Safety)

12
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

What Are the 5 S's?

5S banner

The 5S concept might sound a little abstract at this point, but in reality, it's a

very practical, hands-on tool that everyone in the workplace can be a part of.5S

involves assessing everything present in a space, removing what's unnecessary,

organizing things logically, performing housekeeping tasks, and keeping this

cycle going. Organize, clean, repeat.

How to Implement 5S

➢ Sort

The first step in 5S is sorting. During sorting the team should go through

all items in the work area including any tools, supplies, bulk storage parts, etc.

The 5S team leader should review and evaluate every item with the group. This

will help to identify which items are essential for getting the job done

effectively and efficiently. If the item is essential for everyday operations, it

should be tagged and cataloged. If the item is not essential, determine how often

it is used in the performance of work in that area. If it is a bulk item, decide the

proper amount to be kept in the area and move the remaining quantity to

storage. Excess inventory is one form of waste and should be eliminated during

the 5S activities.

13
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

➢ Straighten

Designate a place for all items that remain in the work area. Put all items

in their designated location. An often reference quote is “A place for everything

and everything in its place”. During the straighten step, look for ways to reduce

or eliminate waste. One form of waste in a process is unnecessary operator

motion or movement. Therefore, frequently used tools and supplies should be

stored in the immediate work area close to the operator. One effective method

commonly used to avoid wasted time searching for the correct tool is

constructing shadow boards for all essential tools. Items that are not used as

often should be stored based on their frequency of use. All parts bins should be

properly labeled. The label should include part number, part description, storage

location and the recommended min / max quantities. A properly straightened

work area allows the operator to quickly review and verify that they have

everything they need to successfully perform their task at hand

➢ Shine

The next step is to clean everything in the area and remove any trash. To

be effective we must keep the area and any related equipment clean. Dirty

process equipment can actually increase the potential for process variability and

lead to equipment failure. Lost time due to equipment failure is considered

waste and non-value-added time. A dirty area can also contribute to safety 14
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

issues that have the potential to cause a worker to be injured. Operators should

clean their areas at the end of each shift. By doing this they will likely notice

anything out of the

ordinary such as oil or lubricant leaks, worn lift cables, burnt out bulbs, dirty

sensors, etc. The purpose is to reduce waste and improve operator safety and

efficiency.

➢ Standardize

The fourth step has been called the most important step in the 5S Process.

In this step we must develop the standards for the 5S system. They will be the

standards by which the previous 5S steps are measured and maintained. In this

step, work instructions, checklists, standard work and other documentation are

developed. Without work instructions or standard work, operators tend to

gradually just do things their own way instead of what was determined by the

team. The use of visual management is very valuable in this phase. Color coding

and standard colors for the surroundings are sometimes used. Photos of the area

in the standard 5S configuration are often posted for easier identification of

non-conformances. The operators are trained to detect non-conforming

conditions and correct them immediately. Schedules should also be developed

for regular maintenance activities in each area.

15
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

➢ Sustain
This step in the 5S Process can sometimes become the most challenging of

all the five steps. Sustaining is the continuation of the Sort, Straighten, Shine

and Standardize steps. It is the most important step in that it addresses the need

to perform 5S on a consistent and systematic basis. During this step a standard

audit system is usually developed and implemented. The goal of the sustain step

is to ingrain the 5S process into the company culture. The company must strive

to make 5S a way of life so the benefits gained through the exercise can be

maintained. 5S is not a one-time exercise. Following the 5S Process must

become a habit.

BENEFITS OF 5S PROGRAM

Because 5S focuses on improving a workplace, and different workplaces

may have little in common, it can be hard to predict the exact results of using

the program. However, some benefits are almost always found:

Better time usage - Getting rid of unwanted materials and organizing the

important tools and supplies will eliminate clutter and confusion. Workers spend

less time finding and retrieving what they need, and can be more productive

instead.

Less wasted space – Eliminating unnecessary material stockpiles and

consolidating tool storage will clear up room for more useful applications.

Every square foot of floor space has a cost, and getting the most out of that

investment will maximize your facility’s profitability. 16

MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

Reduced injury rates – Organizing work areas for efficiency and ease of

use will reduce the movements needed for workers to do their jobs. Removing

clutter and routinely cleaning up spills will eliminate trip hazards. As a result,

workers will experience less fatigue and fewer injuries.

Reduced equipment downtime – When tools and equipment are kept

clean, routinely inspected, and used in a standardized way, preventative

maintenance is much easier, and major failures can often be prevented entirely.

Improved consistency and quality – Standardizing work processes will

reduce variations and mistakes. By eliminating faults and failures, overall

productivity can be dramatically improved.

Heightened employee morale – When 5S principles are used effectively,

workers see that their input is valued, and their performance is recognized. This

creates an environment where workers can feel pride in their work, and take an

interest in improving their company.

17
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

2.2 CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY LAB CLEANING

As a part of 5s implementation we decided to clean the concrete technology

lab and its outer areas . The 5S methodology is a Japanese management

philosophy that aims to improve the efficiency, productivity, and safety of the

workplace. It involves five stages: sort, set in order, shine, standardize, and

sustain. One of the essential aspects of the 5S methodology is maintaining a

clean and organized workplace.

The lab is situated near to the Engineering Work Shop. Its condition was too

bad. It is an inevitable lab in the field of civil engineering. Material testing is the

main aim of this lab. The lab is active daily because of the consultancy works.

Because of the daily usage the lab was very dirty and dusty. Equipment’s lost its

order. Bricks and other materials like aggregates and brick bats are heaped in the

corners. Spiders and other insects take the lab roof as their residential. Because

of the daily works we need to enhance the working speed of the lab. So it is

necessary to clean and set order. By implementing this we can accelerate the

working speed of the lab. So as a part of co1 of minor project we decided to

implement 5 s on the lab.

18
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

18

18

Fig 1 :Maintenance of Lab

The first stage of 5s implementation is sorting. In this stage, we first identified

all the items in the lab and categorized them into necessary and unnecessary

items. We then removed all the unnecessary items from the lab to create more

space and make it easier to clean. The next step is set in order; we organized the

lab by storing tools and equipment in designated areas. We created separated

storage spaces, making it easier to find and put away items. 19

MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

Fig .2 : Cleaning Lab and Outer Windows of Lab

After this is the shine stage, we cleaned the lab thoroughly, including work

surfaces, floors, and equipment. We used cleaning products that were safe to use

in a lab environment and made sure to follow all safety protocols.

Fig .3 : concreting the lab outer side 20

MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

Fig .4 : Cleaning the Lab Outer Areas

RESULT

After implementing the “shine” stage of 5S, we observed the following results:

o The lab was cleaner and more organized, making it easier to find tools

and equipment and reducing the time required completing tasks.

o The lab members were more aware of the importance of maintaining a

clean and organized workplace and took ownership of their responsibilities

in maintaining the lab.

o The lab became a safer workplace, as unnecessary items were removed,

reducing the risk of accidents and inju

21
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

CONCLUSION

Implementing the “shine” stage of 5S in our lab was a success, resulting in

a cleaner, more organized, and safer workplace. It also improved the efficiency

and productivity of the lab, as it was easier to find tools and complete tasks. We

recommend that other labs consider implementing the 5S methodology to

improve their workplaces’ efficiency, productivity, and safety.

22
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

2.3 PAINTING

The implementation of 5S in a classroom or any workspace is essential for

organizing, standardizing and maintaining a clean and safe working

environment. This focuses on the painting of the classroom desk and bench as

apart of 5S implementation

The classroom desk and bench are essential components of the learning

environment, and it is essential to ensure that they are well-maintained to

provide a comfortable and safe space for students to study. The paint on these

surfaces can wear off over time due to regular use, and it can look unclean and

unprofessional. Therefore, painting the desk and bench is necessary to maintain

a neat and tidy workspace.

The objective of this project is to provide a plan for painting the classroom

desk and bench to improve the overall appearance of the workspace and

contribute to the implementation of 5S methodology.

Methodology:

Preparation: Clear the workspace and cover the floor with a drop cloth to

protect it from paint splatters.

Sanding: Sand the surface of the desk and bench to remove any rough spots or

peeling paint, ensuring that the surface is smooth and even. 23

MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

Cleaning: Clean the surfaces of the desk and bench to remove any dust or

debris.

Priming: Apply a coat of primer to the desk and bench to ensure that the paint
adheres correctly.

Fig 5 : Painting the Chair

Painting: Apply a coat of paint to the desk and bench using a paint brush or a

roller. Apply a second coat of paint after the first coat has dried.

Drying: Allow the paint to dry completely before using the desk and bench.

24
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

Fig 6: Painting The Lab

Fig 7 : Painting The Class Room

25
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

Conclusion: Painting the classroom desk and bench is an essential aspect of

maintaining a clean and organized workspace. By implementing the 5S

methodology, we can create a safe and comfortable learning environment for

students. The process of painting the desk and bench should be carried out

efficiently and effectively, with proper preparation and attention to detail to

ensure a professional finish.

26
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

PHASE 2

3.1 FLOWER POT MAKING

Plant pot making is the work of fourth outcome related to the mini

project. Plant pot making using sand and cement mold filled with sand is a

simple and affordable way to create unique planters for your home or garden. In

this project, sand and cement are mixed together to form a mold that is then

filled with sand to create the shape of the pot.

Flowerpots have a number of uses such as transporting plants to

new locations, starting seeds, patio and indoor cultivation of plants, and the

growing of tender plants in colder regions indoors. Plants increase the humidity

indoors. According to studies, high humidity decreases the transmission and

survival of the flu virus. Also, using plants indoors will help decrease the

incidence of colds, dry skin, dry coughs, and sore throats. But it's of interest to

know that plant containers (or flowerpots) date back to the Egyptians. As it

turns out, the Egyptians were the first civilization to use plant containers

(outdoors) as a secure method of moving plants from one growing environment

to another.

But it's of interest to know that plant containers (or flowerpots) date

back to the Egyptians. As it turns out, the Egyptians were the first civilization to

use plant containers (outdoors) as a secure method of moving plants from one

growing environment to another.

27
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

The main aim of this project is the flowerpots are more useful to the college

beautification. So, it is more satisfied work of this project

MATERIALS

• Sand (4.75 sieved M sand)

• Cement • Water • Mixing container

• Mold (can be made from plastic containers or any other material that can hold the

shape)

• Sand to fill the mold

• Non-stick cooking spray (optional)

PROCEDURE

Prepare the mold: First, select the size and shape of the pot you want to

make and prepare the mold accordingly. You can use plastic containers or

any other material that can hold the shape of the pot. Ensure that the mold

is clean and free from any debris.

Fig 8 : Mixing
28
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

Mix sand and cement: Mix the sand and cement together in a mixing container

in a ratio of 1:3 (sand to cement). Mix thoroughly until there are no lumps in the

mixture.

Add water: Add water to the mixture slowly, while stirring continuously in the

water ratio. The amount of water you need will depend on the quantity of the sand and

cement mixture you're using.

Fig 9 : Making the mortar mix. 29

MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

Fill the mold with the mixture: Fill the mold with the mixture, pressing it down

firmly to ensure that there are no air pockets. Leave some space at the top of the mold

for the sand.

Add sand to the mold: Fill the remaining space in the mold with sand, pressing it

down gently. The sand will help create the hollow space inside the pot.

Let it dry: Leave the mold to dry for at least 24 hours. The drying time will

depend on the size of the pot and the weather conditions in your area.

Fig 10: Leave it for dry.

30
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

Remove the pot from the mold: Once the pot is completely dry, remove it from
the mold carefully. If it's difficult to remove, use a knife or any other sharp object to
loosen the edges of the mold and gently pull it out.

Smoothing the edges: use sandpaper to sand the edges of the pot, making it smooth
and even.

Decorate: Once the- pot is ready, it can decorate it using paints or any other
decorative materials.

Fig 11: Finished

CONCLUSION

Flowerpots are now, wood, stone or sometimes biodegradable material.

Making a plant pot using sand and cement mold filled with sand is a simple and

affordable way to create unique planters. It's a great DIY project for beginners

and can be completed with minimal resources. The final product is sturdy and

durable, making it a great addition to any home or garden.

31
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

3.2 MAINTENANCE OF SLAB

As a part of 5s implementation we decided to maintain the slab in front

of ladies resting room.

Fig 12

32
MINOR PROJECT 2023-24

CONCLUSION

I am happy to state here that we have completed the Minor Project to the best

of our abilities. We have successfully completed the two phases of our Minor

Project. We take this opportunity to thank our management, the administrative

officer, our Principle and Head of the Department, our management, the

administrative officer, and Head of the Department, our guide and all the

teachers who have helped us to -complete this initiative successfully. I thank all

them for their wholehearted support and guidance.

Based on the implementation of the project, it can be concluded that the

team has achieved the course outcomes of the project. Through the

implementation of 5S, the team has been able to improve the cleanliness and

organization of the college premises. The cleaning, painting, and maintenance of

the laboratory tools and machinery have contributed to ensuring the quality of

education and the safety of students.

Moreover, the team has demonstrated their creativity by creating flower pots

that enhance the aesthetic appearance of the college. They have also shown their

problem-solving skills by paving bricks to solve the issue of water lodging in

front of the canteen.

Overall, the project has been successful in achieving the objectives set out

for each course outcome. The team's efforts have resulted in a more organized,

safe, and aesthetically pleasing college environment 33