A PROJECT REPORT ON

LIBRARY SILENCE BREAKING ALARM

SYSTEM
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by

ADARSH: 2000540310002

GAUTAM KUMAR: 2000540310015

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING
BABU BANARASI DAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &
MANAGEMENT, LUCKNOW

(Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University,

Lucknow)
SESSION (2023 - 2024)
 BABU BANARASI DAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &
MANAGEMENT, LUCKNOW

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

Certified that project entitled “LIBRARY SILENCE BREAKING ALARM

SYSTEM” is a bonafide work carried out in the VIII semester by ADARSH
(2000540310002) and GAUTAM KUMAR (2000540310015) in partial fulfillment
for the award of Bachelor of Technology in “ELECTRONICS &
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING” from Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical
University, Lucknow , during the academic year 2023- 2024. The project work was
carried under my guidance and no part of this work has been submitted earlier for the
award of any degree

(Signature) (Signature)

------------------------------- --------------------------------------
NAME OF GUIDE PROF. (DR.) SHAILENDRA TAHILYANI

Designation Head of the Department

Department of ECE, BBDITM, LKO Department of ECE, BBDITM, LKO
 ACKNOWLEDEMENT
We, the designers, would like to thank our parents for the support that they have

given us in building the design that we have made; our friends who willingly

participated in testing our design effectively; Prof. Abhimanyu Yadav who has been

patient in giving us lectures and recommendations in the making of the design; Prof.

Amit Kumar Singh who checked and read the format of our document; and especially

God Almighty, who gave us strength and patience in making our design and

documenting our sources.

ADARSH (2000540310002)

GAUTAM KUMAR (2000540310015)

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i

CERTIFICATE ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iv

LIST OF TABLES vi

LIST OF FIGURES vii

ABSTRACT viii

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1

The Design setting or context or frame of reference 1

Statement of the Problem 4
The Objective of the Design 4
The Significance of the Design 5
The Conceptual Framework 6
The Scope and Delimitation 7
Definition of Terms 8

Chapter 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES 13

Noise Detection: Bandwidth Uncertainty

and Adjustable Channels 13
Room Noise Detector 14
Snore Alarm Electronic Device 15
Noise Sensor Simplifies Automated Noise Monitoring 18
WHO Standard Environmental Noise 19
Decibel Loudness Chart 19

Chapter 3: Design Methodology and Procedures 23

Design Methodology 23
Design Procedures for Actual Design 23
Hardware Design 26
1. Block Diagram 26
2. Schematic Diagram 27

iv
 3. List of Materials 34
Hardware Components 35
Software Design 30
Software Components 38
Prototype Development 40

Chapter 4: TESTING, PRESENTATION, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 42

Testing of the Operation of the Library Noise Detector

with Short Message Provider 42
Testing of the Operation of Noise Detector 42
Quantifying the Noise in the Circuit 43
Testing of Noise Detection with Different Source of Sound 44
Testing of Noise Detection with Varying Distances 46

Chapter 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 49

Conclusion 49
Recommendation 50

REFERENCES 51

Appendix 1 Material Listings and Price Lists 53

Appendix 2 Data Sheets 54
Appendix 3 Program Listing 59
Appendix 4 User’s Manual 83

v
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1: World Health Organization suggested

Environmental Noise Level. 19
Table 2.2: Environmental Noise 19
Table 2.3: OSHA Daily Permissible Noise Level Exposure 20
Table 2.4: Perceptions of Increases in Decibel Level 21
Table 2.5: Sound Levels of Music 22
Table 3.1: List of Materials 34
Table 4.1: Testing of the Operation of Noise Detector 42
Table 4.2: How the noise is quantified in the circuit 43
Table 4.3: Noise Detection with Different Sound Sources 45
Table 4.4: Testing Operation with sound level meter 47

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1: Conceptual Framework 6

Figure 2.1: Circuit diagram of room noise detector. 14
Figure 2.2: Snore Alarm Electronics Device 15
Figure 2.3: Schematic Diagram of Snore Alarm Electronic Device 17
Figure 3.1: Block Diagram 26
Figure 3.2: Diagram of whole library noise detector 29
Figure 3.3: Diagram with Microcontroller Z86733 30
Figure 3.4: Schematic Diagram of Microcontroller
PIC16F877 for the 8x8 LED Matrix 31
Figure 3.5: Diagram of the Noise Detector 32
Figure 3.6: Schematic Diagram of Power Supply 33
Figure 3.7: PCB Layout for Noise Detector 35
Figure 3.8: PCB Layout for PIC16F877 Microcontroller 35
Figure 3.9: PCB Layout for Z86E08 Microcontroller 36
Figure 3.10: System Flowchart 39
Figure 6.0: Picture of the actual Library Noise Detector
With short Information provider 85

vii
 ABSTRACT
The Library Noise Detector with Short Information Provider is a portable device that is used in
detecting noise in the library. The device is used to control excessive noise inside the library. The
system uses an operational amplifier as a sensor to detect noise and microcontroller in displaying
the output in the message display. The design was developed as an alternative or additional
help in controlling the noise and prevent disturbances in a specific area of the library.

To design and implement a Library Silence Breaking Alarm System that can automatically
detect and alert users when noise levels exceed a predefined threshold. This system aims to
enhance the library experience by ensuring a consistently quiet environment, thereby improving
the overall atmosphere for studying and research

This project focuses on measuring the various sound levels present in a library all in a bid to
limit unnecessary noise in the library through audio announcement once the critical sound level
has been exceeded.

Libraries are designed to provide a quiet and conducive environment for reading, studying, and
research. However, maintaining silence in a library can be challenging due to various factors
such as conversations, mobile phone rings, or other disruptive noises. These disturbances can
significantly affect the concentration and productivity of library users. Traditional methods of
maintaining silence, such as physical monitoring by staff, are not always effective or practical,
especially in larger libraries.

viii
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

a. The design setting or context or frame of reference

Noise is widely known in science and technology. Its general meaning in such

fields, as in everyday life, is useless or interfering signal of some form. It is any unwanted

sound due to a variety of causes. Often, noise is a nuisance because it interferes with a

measurement that it is being made or with some signal that is being transmitted. The

amount of signal, divided by the amount of noise that is also present, is often called ‘signal

– to – noise ratio’. Techniques such as electronic filtering are often used to improve the

signal – to – noise ratio. This is useful if the signal that is being looked for is at particular

frequency; the filter allows that frequency to pass through, but not the other frequencies

which are present in the noise. The study of noise is important, because by understanding

the processes that cause it we can try to reduce it. Judgments of whether or not

environmental sounds are noises are subjective, but the fact is that unwanted sounds can

precipitate severe psychological effects. In addition, above certain levels of intensity,

noises can cause physical harm.

Such uses of the term noise have been extended to the fields of electricity and

electronics and, in general, to all areas that involve some form of frequency range. Noise is

generated within electron tubes and electrical conductors in general, and all circuits posses

an inherent level of random noise. External interferences also contribute to electrical and

electronic noise.

1
 Broadly speaking, the term noise is used in information theory to refer to any form

of disturbance of information-bearing signals, or to any meaningless addition to such

signals. This does not, however, include redundant signals added as means of checking

the accuracy of the signals.

Noise levels are usually measured in decibel unit. A decibel is one tenth of a

bel (B). Devised by engineers of the Bell Telephone Laboratory to quantify the reduction

in audio level over a 1 mile (1.6 km) length of standard telephone cable, the bel was

originally called the transmission unit or TU, but was renamed in 1923 or 1924 in honor

of the laboratory's founder and telecommunications pioneer Alexander Graham Bell. In

many situations, however, the bel proved inconveniently large, so the decibel has become

more common.

The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit of measurement that expresses the magnitude

of a physical quantity relative to a specified or implied reference level. Its logarithmic

nature allows very large or very small ratios to be represented by a convenient number,

in a similar manner to scientific notation. Being essentially a ratio, it is a dimensionless

unit. Decibels are useful for a wide variety of measurements in acoustics, physics,

electronics and other disciplines. The decibel is not an SI unit, although the International

Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) has recommended its inclusion in the SI

system. Following the SI convention, the d is lowercase, as it represents the SI prefix

deci-, and the B is capitalized, as it is an abbreviation of a name-derived unit, the bel (see

below). The full name decibel follows the usual English capitalization rules for a

common

2
noun. The decibel symbol is often qualified with a suffix, which indicates which reference

quantity has been assumed. For example, "dBm" indicates that the reference quantity is

one milliwatt. Noise is always present everywhere but prohibited to areas that needs to

have a peaceful environment such as libraries.

Library is a study place for people especially for students. It is a place where

books, journals, compact discs, microforms, other media, and online access systems

connect searchers to cultural, factual, educational, and recreational information. This

information may be found in the local library or at other sites in an expanding global

network of bibliographic databases. Public libraries provide access to materials of general

interest and are open to everyone. School libraries support student research and enrich

curriculum by integrating cultural and educational resources into classroom instruction.

Corporate libraries provide businesses with access to current research and developments in

their fields and sustain productivity and competitiveness. In the mid 1990’s, there were

approximately 76,500 school, 15,200 public, 6,000 corporate, 4,600 college and university,

and 4,100 law, medical, and religious libraries in the United States, and Mexico. These

range in size from the Library of Congress to the smallest elementary school library. In

addition, there are libraries serving the media and professions. American libraries currently

are expanding and enriching their services in an economy dominated by converging,

computing, and communication technologies while facing severe cutbacks in public

funding and government support.

3
 A quiet ambiance is essential in the library; it should have a peaceful and noiseless

environment all the time to avoid distractions to library users. But most of the time,

as the people in the library increase; noise is always present and cannot be easily

managed by the library staffs. With this implication, the groups decided to design a

system that can help detect noise in the library with an alert message provider to let the

people become aware whenever they are making loud noises. The device will monitor the

library without further intervention of the library staffs.

b. Statement of the Problem

Generally, the library is a learning place for everyone. In places like this where

people are always present the tendency of having noise cannot be avoided. When library

becomes a noisy environment the main library rule to observe silence is violated. As the

people in library increase, there is a bigger probability to have uncontrollable noise inside

the library. In this case, the library staffs have a hard time controlling and informing the

people that they are creating intolerable noise that can disturb others.

c. Objective of the Design

The design aims to create a device that will detect excessive noise inside the library

as well as inform the library users of the rules and regulations that are strictly

implemented.

The following points were considered in order to implement the design project:

4
 1. To be able to lessen the library staff’s task in maintaining a quiet

ambience;

2. To interface noise detector circuit with a microcontroller-based

message display; and

3. To design an effective and efficient device for the use of school

libraries.

d. The Significance of the Design.

The design provides the library staff with a means of immediately controlling the

noise level inside the library with any arrangement of the people. It further provides a

means of instructing students to accept responsibility for maintaining a level of noise in to

the library conducive to studying. The message provider presents a good alternative in

posting or displaying the library rules and regulations.

For the designers being also student is and having the right to use the library, it is

important for them to implement the design to help the library staff in managing and

making the library a better learning place. All the people using the library will benefit from

the design especially when they are annoyed of the noise and distractions created by

unconcerned people.

5
e. Conceptual Framework

In order to build the design, Ideas and principles related to the design were

studied and discussed. Figure 1.1 shows the conceptualized design of the system. This

conceptual framework illustrates how the system of the design works starting from its

inputs then how it will be processed until it produces an output.

Figure 1.1 Conceptual Frame work

INPUT OUTPUT
PROCESS
-A chime sound from a
-Detect the noise within wireless alarm after
Noise the area a noise is detected
-Communicates within the
User setting microcontrollers -A short message to alert
-Provides the alert that silence should be
messages for awareness observed (LED Matrix)

The inputs are the noise and the user settings which are independent variables that

come from the user and the surroundings. The noise is the main input for the design that

needs to be detected. The noise level that the detector should identify can be varied

through a potentiometer. After the noise is detected, the two microcontrollers will act as

the communication medium for the detector and the output devices. The Z86733

microcontroller will process the signal that the detector sends and then pass the alert

message made or chosen by the user to the PIC16F877 microcontroller for it to output in

the 8x8 LED Matrix. A chime sound will first occur after the detected noise is

processed and

6
then followed by a short alert message. This concept describes how the device was designed

for its environment and its users.

f. Scope and Delimitation

The device covers and delimits the following:

Scope

1. The noise level that the detector should detect can be varied through a

potentiometer.

2. LCD display is used to see the saved messages or user input message. The

keypad can be used to input lowercase and uppercase letters and numbers

as well or a combination of different format of characters.

3. The LED matrix is used for message display.

4. Select button and delete button are provided.

5. A chime sound will occur once a noise is detected and the selected

message will appear.

6. It automatically returns to a monitoring mode with a default message

upon completion of its response mode.

7. The device is a stand alone; it does not need a computer or other devices

to change message and do other things.

8. It will use the principle of noise detector.

7
 Delimitation

1. The detection of noise may be delayed considering the distance and the

volume of noise from the microphone.

2. The message length can reach up to 35 characters only.

3. The standby mode has a default message that cannot be changed by the

user.

4. There are only limited numbers of messages to choose from the design

project.

5. The different messages to choose from are installed in the microcontroller

which is limited to four different rules and regulations of a library.

6. User input message should be placed before the noise detector detects a

noise.

7. The scrolling messages experience delay because it also considers the blank

spaces as a character.

g. Definition of Terms

These are the technical terms which are mentioned in the design documentation

and design as follows:

1. Alarm — a device that signals the occurrence of some undesirable event

(Electronics for the Electrician).

8
2. Analog — implies a continuous signal in contrast with digital, which breaks

everything into numbers (Instruments and Measurements for Electronics).

3. Assembly - translation of computer language; the translation of assembly language

into machine language (IBM PC Assembly Language).

4. Breadboard – a thin plastic board used to held electronic components that are

wired together (Electronic Devices).

5. Decibel — literally means one tenth of a bel. A unit named after Alexander Graham

Bell. It is not an absolute unit but rather it is indicated the relation between two

powers (Communications Engineering, Black Book).

6. Detector — a device that recovers information of interest contained in a

modulated wave (Electronic Sensors for the Evil Genius).

7. Device – an invention serving a particular purpose, especially a machine used to

perform one or more relatively simple tasks (Instruments and Measurement for

Electronics).

8. Electret Microphone — a type of condenser microphone which eliminates the

need for a power by using permanently-charged material (Electronic Sensors for the

Evil Genius).

9
9. Frequency — the number of complete cycles per second in alternating current

direction. The standard unit of frequency is the hertz (Hz) (Electronic Devices).

10. IC — or “Integrated Circuit”; a tiny complex of electronic components contained on a

thin chip or wafer of semiconducting material (Digital Design).

11. Keypad - a set of buttons arranged in a block which usually bear digits and other

symbols but not a complete set of alphabetical letters (Electronics for Electrician).

12. LED - light-emitting diode; a semiconductor diode that emits light when conducting

current and is used in electronic equipment, esp. for displaying readings on digital

watches, calculators, etc. (Electronic Devices).

13. Library - a collection of books, newspapers, records, tapes, or other materials that are

valuable for research (The World Book Dictionary).

14. Microcontroller - a single chip that contains the processor, non- volatile memory

for the program, volatile memory for input and output, a clock and an I/O control

unit (Electronics for Electrician).

1. Noise — an unwanted energy, usually of random character, present in transmission system,

due to a variety of causes (Commu nications Engineering, Black Book).

2. Noise Level — are measured with noise level meters, generally with a weighting

that mirrors human sensitivity to different frequencies (Communications Engineering,

Black Book).

3. Operational Amplifier — special type of amplifier exhibiting very high gain, very

high input impedance, very low output impedance, and good rejection of common

diode signals (Electronic Devices).

10
4. PCB – used as dielectric fluids in transformers and capacitors, lubricants, and

stabilizing additives in flexible PVC coatings of electrical wiring and electronic

components (Electronic Devices).

5. PIC — or “Programmable Interface Controller”; a type of microcontroller that is

widely used due to their low cost, serial programming and re- programming with

flash memory capability (Electronics for Electrician).

6. Potentiometer – an electronic component that is used to vary the amount of current

flows through a circuit. (Electronic Devices).

7. Prototype - building an actual circuit to a theoretical design to verify that it works,

and to provide a physical platform for debugging it if it does not (Fundamentals of

Electronics, vol.3).

8. Sensor - a device that measures or detects a real-world condition, such as

motion, heat or light and converts the condition into an analog or digital

representation (Electronics Sensors for the Evil Genius).

9. Signal — to — noise ratio - the amount of signal, divided by the amount of noise

that is also present (Electronic Devices).

11
10. Sound — created when objects vibrate, resulting in a minute variation in

surrounding atmospheric pressure (Communications Engineering, Black Book).

11. Sound Level Meter - measures sound pressure level and are commonly used in

noise pollution studies for the quantification of almost any noise

(Communications Engineering Black Book).

12. Transducer — electronic device that converts energy from one form to another

(Electronic Devices).

13. Zilog — a onetime programmable microcontroller which helped to create the

personal computer industry (Electronics for Electrician).

12
 CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND
RELATED STUDIES
Noise detection: Bandwidth uncertainty and adjustable channels

Previous work has shown that the detection of band-pass noise patterns is well

described by an ideal observer, indicating that observers can integrate spatial frequency

information efficiently over a six-octave wide band (Kersten, 1987). One interpretation of

this result is that observers use a channel with an adjustable bandwidth that matches the

bandwidth of the signal when detecting band-pass noise (Green, 1960). To investigate the

notion that observers use adjustable bandwidth channels for spatial frequency, we had

observers perform a noise detection task under two conditions: an uncertainty condition

where the bandwidth of the noise could vary from trial to trial and a blocked condition

where the bandwidth of the signal was held constant during a block. We used horizontal,

one-dimensional, band-pass noise patterns that were Gaussian windowed. The center-

frequency of the noise was 5 cycles/degree and bandwidth varied from one-half to four

octaves. Seven bandwidths were used and a detection threshold measured at each

bandwidth for both the blocked and uncertainty conditions. Stimuli were presented for

200ms. At each bandwidth, three 150 trial thresholds were collected. Noise detection r.m.s.

contrast thresholds increase with the fourth-root of bandwidth for the ideal observer. For

our blocked condition, we again found that human observers’ noise detection thresholds

increase with the fourth-root of bandwidth (Kersten, 1987). Under

13
conditions of bandwidth uncertainty, we found that detection thresholds continued to

increase with the fourth-root of bandwidth. Our results support the notion that when

detecting wide-band noise patterns, observers can adjust the band of spatial frequencies

they use from trial to trial and select the frequency band efficiently. To explore adjustable

channels further, we are investigating the effects of stimulus duration, center-frequency

uncertainty and the combination of center-frequency and bandwidth uncertainty on noise

detection.

Room Noise Detector

Figure 2.1 Shows the circuit of an existing room noise detector Which is used as

the basis of the circuit of the library noise detector. However instead of using fixed

resistors, a variable potentiometer is used for the variation of noise levels.

Figure 2.1 Circuit diagram of room noise detector.

The 50 db setting is provided to monitor the noise in the bedroom at night. If the

LED is steady or flashes bright often, then the bedroom is inadequate and too noisy for

sleep. The 70 dB setting is for living rooms. If this level is often exceeded during the

day, the area is uncomfortable. If the noise

14
level is constantly over 85 dB, light 8 hours a day, then the environment is dangerous.

LM358 IC Dual Operational Amplifier is used to provide necessary circuit gain for

sounds picked-up by a miniature electret microphone to drive a LED. Voltage gain should

be measured in order to quantify if the sound entering the circuit is considered as noise in

the circuit. The same IC is used to make the design of the project possible.

Snore Alarm Electronic Device

Figure 2.2 Snore Alarm Electronics Device

Figure 2.2 is the picture of the snore alarm electronic device. Breathe is a repetitive

phenomenon. Moments of silence and noise repeat. Detection of snoring is based on the

recognition of the cycle silence-snoring. The duration of each silence is compared to the

duration of the previous silence.

1. The duration of each noise is compared to the duration of the previous noise. The

precision of the periodicity of the cycle as well as the number of

15
 successive cycles necessary to trigger the alarm can be configured by the use of

jumpers connected to the input port of a micro controller.

Based on Figure 2.3 the snore alarm electronic device uses two potentiometers,

one to control the sound level of the tweeter and second to control the final gain of

the analog amplifier. When the user wants to increase the sensitivity, the knob should be

turned clockwise and at the middle course, a long liner airplane at 10000 feet makes

enough noise to switch off the LED. On power up, a timer is reset and starts to count. The

device is active only for the first two hours and after six hours. If the alarm triggers after

fourteen hours, it means that a new night started and the timer is reset. This is to avoid

alarms right in the middle of the night.

This circuit is used to apply potentiometer in the design project.

16
Figure 2.3 Schematic Diagram of Snore Alarm Electronic Device

17
Noise sensor simplifies automated noise monitoring

Based on this research study, the Cirrus Environmental has launched its MK:427

noise sensor - a self-contained outdoor noise meter that connects directly to SCADA

systems. The sensor allows noise level data to be incorporated into Process Measurement

and Control systems. The data can be stored to provide a complete record of a plant's

noise activities, and can also be used to control noisy processes in real time. For example,

a pump or fan can be throttled back when the noise it generates reaches an excessive

level at the site boundary. Unlike a conventional sound level meter, the MK: 427 convert

the noise level in decibels into standard 4-20mA and linear DC outputs. With the 4- 20mA

output, very long cable lengths can be used without reducing the accuracy of noise

measurements. The sensor incorporates a 1.2m microphone pole, allowing the microphone

to be positioned in free space, well away from any obstructions.

Cirrus said that the pure analogue electronics are reliable and operate without any

user intervention. The sensor hardware is based on a well- established Cirrus design that

has been proven in harsh weather conditions. To ensure that the sensitive microphone

transducer is always in good condition, it is fitted with an electrostatic actuator calibrator.

This can be used to make regular fixed-point calibrations of the entire measuring chain,

thus verifying data integrity. A pre-scaling calibration system allows any 65dB span in

the range 20 to 130dB to be selected by the user.

18
 Cirrus Environmental aims to help organizations measure the noise they make and

thereby help manage the impact that noise has on neighbors and the surrounding

environment.

WHO Standard Environmental Noise

The World Health Organization has published guidelines suggesting the

environmental noise lead:

Where? Why? dB
School playground (outdoors) Avoid annoyance. 55
Hospital rooms To avoid disturbing sleep. 30
To ensure that speakers can understand one
Classrooms 35
another.
To avoid destructions and annoyance to others.
Libraries 40
Factories, traffic, shopping areas,
To avoid hearing impairment. 70
both indoors and outdoors

Table 2.1 World Health Organization suggested environmental noise level.

The information outlined in Table 2.1 is used as a basis to the setting of the

noise level that the noise detector should detect.

Decibel Loudness Chart

These are the measured increase in decibel level that depends on the change of the

volume of sound.

PERCEPTIONS OF INCREASES IN DECIBEL LEVEL

1 db Imperceptible change
3 db Barely perceptible change
5 db Clearly noticeable change
10 db About twice as loud
20 db About four times as loud

Table 2.2 Perceptions of Increases in Decibel Level

19
 Based on Table 2.2, the allowable additional amount of decibel level should only

limit with the values given in the table to have an acceptable change of sound level in the

sense of hearing.

These data are collected from a variety of sources which can help one to understand

the volume levels of various sources and how they can affect our hearing.

ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE
DECIBE EXAMPLE OF SOUND SOURCES
L
0 db Weakest sound heard
35 db Whisper Quiet library
60-70 db Normal conversation
80 db Telephone dial tone
85 db City traffic (inside car)
90 db Train whistle at 500’, truck traffic
95 db Subway train at 200’
LEVEL AT WHICH SUSTAINED EXPOSURE MAY RESULT
90-95 db
IN HEARING LOSS
107 db Power mower at 3’
100 db Snowmobile, motorcycle
110 db Power saw at 3’
115 db Sandblasting, loud rock concert
Table 2.3 Environmental noise

Table 2.3 pertains to different environmental noises and their equivalent noise level

measured in decibel.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) suggested the

following daily permissible noise level exposure.

20
 OSHA DAILY PERMISSIBLE NOISE LEVEL EXPOSURE
HOURS PER SOUND
DAY LEVEL
8 90 db
6 92 db
4 95 db
3 97 db
2 100 db
1.5 102 db
1 105 db
.5 110 db
.25 or less 115 db

Table 2.4 OSHA Daily Permissible Noise Level Exposure

Based on Table 2.3, each person can only be exposed to these certain values of

noise level directly proportional to the number of hours per day in order to avoid

hearing impairment.

In an orchestral music room, each musical instrument has its own sound level of

music. The commonly used musical instruments are listed with their corresponding sound

level in Table 2.5.

The table shows the measurements of sound levels quantify the music from

becoming noise. The sound level may also depend on the kind of music played by the

musicians using these instruments and the volume of the music created. An excess in the

sound level creates noise.

21
 SOUND LEVELS OF MUSIC
DECIBEL SOUND SOURCES
60 – 70 db Normal piano practice
70 db Fortissimo singer, 3’
75 – 85 db Chamber music, small auditorium
84 – 103 db Piano Fortissimo
82 – 92 db Violin
85 – 111 db Cello
95 – 112 db Oboe
92 – 103 db Flute
90 – 106 db Piccolo
85 – 114 db Clarinet
90 – 106 db French horn
85 – 114 db Trombone
106 db Tympani and bass drum
94 db Walkman on 5/10
120 – 137 db Symphonic music peak
120 db Amplifier rock, 4-6’
150 db Rock music peak

Table 2.5 Sound Levels of Music

These statistics for the Decibel Chart were taken from a study by Marshall Chasin,

M.Sc., Aud©, FAAA, Centre for Human Performance & Health, Ontario, Canada. There

were some conflicting readings and, in many cases, authors did not specify at what

distance the readings were taken or what the musician was actually playing. In general,

when there are several readings, the higher one is chosen.

22
 CHAPTER 3
DESIGN METHODOLOGY

Design Methodology

The Library Noise Detector with a Short Message Provider was developed for

implementation in school libraries to be used as an alternative or additional help in

controlling noise and prevent disturbances in a specific area of the library. The design is a

microcontroller - based prototype that can stand-alone without connecting to computer

devices.

The design methodology was applied research that is often used to solve practical

problems that relate to this kind of study. This form of research is necessary to improve

this field of technology. The group research is based on different designs of previous

studies in relation to the design project. Additional information and concepts needed were

gathered from books, journals, articles, and internet for further understanding of the design

concepts. With this information, the group was able to portray the process of the system.

This approach helps the design to obtain a balance to the objectives and expectations from

the actual results of the produced design prototype.

Design Procedures for Actual Design

The noise detector application was used as a reference for the design. The

circuit was customized so that the level of sensitivity can be varied. The logic of the

process in making the design was carefully analyzed. The step by step processes in

making the design are as follows:

23
1. The problem was determined and the factors that should be considered in the

design were identified. The objectives of the design were set and ideas on how the

prototype should be designed were gathered. Adaptation to the environment

where the design will be implemented was also considered for the quality of the

design itself.

2. Researches on related literature for the design and how to conceptualize the other

related designs were done. Deciding on the approach and the possible

applications that can be coordinated altogether for the design were one of the tasks

was to find the suitable microcontrollers that can be used and tested using analog

input from a serial data. These researches helped how the design should be

implemented.

3. The circuit diagram of the noise detector was developed with the application of

operational amplifier and a potentiometer for the variation of the noise level and

the analog output needed by the microcontroller. The designed circuit was tested in

the breadboard and during testing - the blinking of the LED indicator dictates the

characteristic of the noise detection. Z86733, a Zilog Microcontroller was used

in the process of connecting the Keypad inputs, displaying it to the LCD and

sending the data to the other microcontroller. Each pin of this microcontroller

was manipulated

24
 how it will function and be connected to other devices. It also stored the

program of the process and how the alarm can be manipulated according to

its assigned function in the design. The Z86733 Microcontroller is also the

communication medium for the PIC16F77, the microcontroller which

connected the noise detector and the 8x8 LED Matrix.

4. Program listing was the next process after designing the circuit diagrams. The

program applied the assembly language. A serial input of data was used to test

the program to the design itself. Each function in the program was separated

according to the objectives of the alert message displayed and the operation of the

other devices connected to the microcontroller. The LCD was the output device for

all the inputs in the keypad. The behavior of each button in the keypad was also

included in the program listing including each delays and functions on

interchanging characters in the keypad, which is similar to the characteristic of a

cellular phone keypad. Additional buttons were also included in the design for

editing the alert message and for choosing the library rules and regulations that

would be saved inside the microcontroller. The stand-by message was also

included in the program while the device is in the steady state.

5. After being tested, the circuit was transferred into a PCB layout to avoid loose

circuitry as compare to the breadboard. The program was also burned in the ICs of

the microcontrollers for further testing of the whole design prototype. Testing

and experiments have been made to test if the program works according to its

environment on a near and far range of noise. The testing and interpretation of data

will be further discussed in the next chapter.

25
Hardware Design

The following diagram refers to the hardware design of the system:

1. Block Diagram
LCD
2x40 characters

Microcontroller
Alarm Keypad
Z86733

PIC16F877
Noise Detector Microcontroller of the LED Matrix 8x8 LED Matrix

Figure 3.1 System Design Block Diagram

26
 Figure 3.1 shows an illustration of the System Block Diagram for the system

design. Initially, the user will set the desired noise level in the noise detector and an alert

message to be displayed after detection. By using the keypad, the user can input alert

messages which are temporarily shown in the LCD display. When the noise signal is

detected and exceeds the noise level set, the PIC16F877 microcontroller is triggered.

After the PIC microcontroller receives the signal, it will transfer to the Z86733

microcontroller and the alarm will be turned on. The Z86733 will acknowledge the

transferred signal and it will then pass the user input message to PIC16F877 that controls

the 8x8 LED Matrix for message display.

2. Schematic Diagram

The schematic diagram of the design system illustrates how the circuitry of the

design was developed and connected with each other.

Figure 3.2 shows the whole circuit of the Library Noise Detector with Short

Information Provider. This schematic diagram describes the different components used

for the whole design system. This circuit operates as noise sensor and message provider

that are put together as one design system. The block diagram represents the other circuit

connected to the Z86733 microcontroller. For the schematic diagram of the power

supply, refer to Figure

3.6.

Figure 3.3 refers to the schematic diagram of the Z86733 microcontroller.

This microcontroller is responsible for handling the data to be displayed in the

27
LCD display and LED matrix. The seven pins of the keypad for the row and column are

connected to the input ports of the Z86733. The input/output ports of the LCD display

are connected to the Z86733 for displaying the data. The alarm switch is also connected

to P01 of the microcontroller.

Figure 3.4 is the schematic diagram of the 8 x 8 LED Matrix display. The LED

Matrix display is connected to PIC16F877 as driver to display the message. The PIC is

connected to the noise detector and the Z86733 microcontroller. Once the noise is

detected, it will trigger the PIC to display the message.

Figure 3.5 refers to the circuit of the noise detector. The noise detector uses

LM358 IC which is a dual operation amplifier. The electret microphone is connected to the

input part of the circuit. The circuit has a connection to the input of the PIC16F877 and

connected to Z876733 to trigger the alarm and the message display once noise is detected.

28
Figure 3.2 Schematic Diagram of the whole Library Noise Detector with Short Information Provider
29
Figure 3.3 Schematic Diagram with Microcontroller Z86733
30
10.240 MHz

Figure 3.4 Schematic Diagram of Microcontroller PIC16F877 for the 8x8 LED Matrix

31
Figure 3.5 Schematic Diagram of the Noise Detector

32
Figure 3.6 Schematic Diagram for the Power Supply

33
3. List of Materials

The following is the list of materials used in creating the circuit of the design

system:

Materials Quantity Materials Quantity

Z86733 Microcontroller IC 1 pc 03SBA10 bridge rectifier 1 pc

diode

10.240Mhz crystal 1 pc 2200 uf/35v capacitor 1 pc

27 pf np capacitor 2 pcs 0.1 uf capacitor 4 pcs

78L05 1 pc 2n3904 8 pcs

Male-female connector 1 pc Toggle switch 2 pcs

0.1 uf capacitor 1 pc Tact switch 1 pc

Keypad 1 pc 14”x18” Plywood 2 pcs

2x40 LCD 1 pc PCB 1 pc

1k resistor 3 pc 8x8 LED Matrix 2 set

10k resistor 6 pcs Wireless doorbell 1 pc

56k resistor 3 pcs Electret Microphone 1 pc

33k resistor 1 pc 1N4001 2 pcs

22k resistor 2 pcs PIC16f877 1 pc

LM358 Dual Operational 1 pc
Lm7805/Lm7808 2 pc Amplifier

750 mA transformer 1 pc 2200 uf/25v 1 pc

Table 3.1. List of Materials

34
Hardware Components

These figures show the actual PCB layouts of the hardware components in the

circuit.

PCB Layouts

Figure 3.7 Noise Detector

Figure 3.7 shows the PCB layout of the circuit of noise detector. It is a double

sided etched with single wired PCB design.

35
 Figure 3.8 Z86733 Microcontroller

Figure 3.8 shows the PCB layout for the Z86733 Microcontroller. The layout

shows how the other components such as resistors, transistors, and capacitors should be

connected to the pin configuration of the IC.

Figure 3.9 PIC16F877 Microcontroller

Figure 3.9 illustrates the actual PCB layout of the PIC16F877. This lay-out shows

the connection on the IC of the PIC microcontroller of the crystal, capacitor, and voltage

regulators as part of the hardware components.

LCD Display

The saved and input messages are displayed in the LCD. The data to be displayed

will come from the microcontroller. The LCD will display the options of the user and the

selected alert messages will be displayed in the LED Matrix.

36
Keypad

A keypad that operates like a cellular phone keypad was used for the user input

message.

8 x 8 LED Matrix

Since the design displayed short information, an 8x8 LED Matrix was used to

display information visible to the people inside the library. It is displayed the selected

message of the user once noise was detected. It also displayed the default message while in

standby mode.

Electret Microphone

The electret microphone serves as a transducer in the circuit. It converts noise to

electrical signal given that the circuit is an electrical circuit. Basically, it is a cardiod

type of microphone which is said to be the most common unidirectional since all

microphones can only absorb when the source is in front. Operational Amplifier

The operational amplifier has been found to be the best device for the system

design. It is a device that amplifies the signal coming from the microphone. By getting the

voltage gain in this stage, the noise can be quantified in the circuit. Its unique

characteristic helped to make the design possible.

Software Design

The microcontroller was used for the design project. It gives control to

the operation of the whole system of the design especially in interfacing the

37
noise detector with the LED Matrix display and also with the other input/output devices

used in the circuit.

The microcontrollers save the data coming from the user for message display. It

also functions as a medium for transmitting the noise signal coming from the noise

detector. The main routine of the program of the microcontrollers is to save the user

input data and to acknowledge the noise signal being detected.

Software Components

The software component part of the design is placed in the microcontroller

which serves as the storage of the received data as well as the communication medium

between the other parts and i/o devices within the system design. The language of the

program in the Z86733 microcontroller is an Assembly Language which has simpler and

shorter syntax of program codes. For the PIC16F877 microcontroller, the programming

language used was C# for the LED Matrix display. The program codes are separated

according to the different functions that will be performed by the i/o devices in the system

design. Instruction sets used in the program dictates how each ports in the microcontrollers

should be assigned and how each ports should function either as a receiver or sender of

the data inputs and outputs as well.

38
1. System Flowchart

START

Initialization of LCD

Output the short information from the Z86733

Input data using the keypad

END
Short information to be displayed

Continue
NO
displaying the default stand by message
Is there a noise?

YES

Send serial data to PIC microcontroller

Figure 3.10 System Flowchart

39
 Figure 3.10 shows the system flowchart of the design project. The flowchart

specifies how the system decides and sets its condition before it outputs any results. It

indicates the operation of the microcontrollers in processing the input data of the user and

the input data coming from the noise detector. The flowchart is the overall route of all the

inputs until it produces a certain output.

Prototype Development

The summary of the whole process of developing the Library Noise Detector with

a Short Message Provider is as follows:

1. Submission and approval of the proposed design project

2. Conducting research on related studies, articles and literature about the system

design.

Existing circuit of noise sensors as basis.

The applicable or suitable microcontroller to be used.

The standard noise level for the environment of the library

where the design should be implemented.

The program language to be used for the i/o device.

3. Preparing the list of materials and electronic devices to be used for the design

hardware.

40
4. Designing the circuitry of the noise detector with a variation of noise level.

5. Testing the circuitry and encoding the program listing for the message display

6. Modifying and testing the actual finish product of the design in an environment

for demonstration purposes.

41
 CHAPTER 4
TESTING, PRESENTATION, AND INTERPRETATION
OF DATA
Since the design of the noise detector was based on an existing room noise

detector as discussed in Chapter 2 of the Review of Related Literature and Related Studies,

the circuit was redesigned by having a potentiometer instead of fixed values of resistances

and several switches for setting the noise level to be detected. After the device has been

constructed, several testing has been made on the prototype and the operation of each

major components of the system. In testing the operation of the detection process, it is

essential to know if the program responds with the electronic devices. Hence, checking

was made by data validity and setting of the noise level of the noise detector.

Testing of the Operation of Noise Detector

In conducting the test, the circuit of the noise detector and the source of sound are

needed. The initial testing made was checking if the existing room noise detector with a

fixed noise level will work after replacing it with a potentiometer with variable resistances.

The noise detector circuit was formed and temporarily tested in a bread board with a LED

indicator for the noise detection. After the circuit was formed, it was placed in a slightly

noisy environment. In this testing the exact noise level was not yet exactly measured.

KNOB POSITION OF
STATUS OF THE LED CONDITION
THE POTENTIOMETER
Approx. 50 dB Lights on and continuously blinking Very good
Approx. 65 dB Lights on and blinking Good
Approx. 85 dB Lights on Slight delay of detection
Table 4.1 Testing of the Operation of the Noise Detector

42
 The result of this test showed the behavior of the noise detector as it detected noise

or different sources of sounds from its environment. Since the noise level did not measure

the threshold value of the resistance set for 50 db to 85 db, noise level the position of the

knob showed how the noise level varied. The KNOB POSITION OF THE

POTENTIOMETER became the comparative medium in determining the validity of the

data in noise detection. Moreover, the STATUS OF THE LED can be determined when the

LED lighted on as the noise detector detected noise. The CONDITION results indicated

that the tests simply show that the noise detector is in good condition and that it can

determine the validity of an input noise.

Quantifying the Noise in the Circuit

In order to quantify the considerable noise in the library based on the circuit of the

noise detector, another test was made which showed how the noise level was set and how

much voltage was needed to reach a certain noise level. To conduct the test, a digital

multimeter and the noise detector circuit were used. The reference AC voltage as well as

the variable resistances in the potentiometer was measured. The noise level depended on

the voltage gain of the operational amplifier.

VOLTAG RESISTANC DECIBE CONDITION

E E L
9.49 V 50 Ω 50 db Noise detected
30 V 12.5 K Ω 60 db Noise detected
94.87 V 25 K Ω 70 db Noise detected
533.48 V 51.4 K Ω 80 db Noise detected

Table 4.2 How the noise is quantified in the circuit

43
 Based on Table 4.2, the resistances in potentiometer are set and the output voltage

is measured. The reference is a quiet environment in the library having a 0.03 AC voltage.

The table shows the values of the output voltages that should be produced by the circuit in

order to obtain the set noise level and trigger the message display. In order to compute the

equivalent decibel value, the gain was computed based on the formula of db = 20 log (V out /

Vin). When the input noise reaches these certain amount of voltages, it is considered

noise in the circuit. The standard noise levels can be found based on Chapter 2 on Review

of Related Literature and Related Studies. The results of this test help the user to

understand how the noise is quantified by the noise detector considering different kinds of

sources from the environment.

Testing of Noise Detection with Different Source of Sound

To perform the test, the noise detector circuit and any sound source were needed.

After learning how the noise level was set and varied from the results of its detection,

another testing was done in a 7.4’ x 6.3’ x 8.1’ room to show and test how the noise

detector detects different sources of noise that are usually found in a library. In the test

conducted, specific sound sources commonly heard in a school library were used. The

Noise Detector was set to 50 db, 65 db, 85 db to detect noise based on the LED indicator

and if the PIC16F877 was triggered to display an alert message. The status results are

most likely expected to have similar results based on the earlier test done by the noise

detector.

44
 At 50 db noise level
SOURCE OF
TEST STATUS OF THE LED REMARKS
SOUND
1 Whistle Blinking with high intensity of LED Message displayed
2 Clapping Continuous blinking of LED Message displayed
Normal
3 Blinking with high intensity of LED Message displayed
Conversation
Blowing of horns
4 Blinking with Low intensity of LED Message displayed
(outside the room)
5 Music Steady with High intensity of LED Message displayed
6 Scream Steady with High intensity of LED Message displayed
At 65 db noise level
SOURCE OF
TEST STATUS OF THE LED REMARKS
SOUND
No message
1 Whistle Blinking with low intensity
displayed
Continuous blinking with low intensity of
2 Clapping Message displayed
LED
Normal
3 Blinking with low intensity of LED Message displayed
Conversation
Blowing of horns No message
4 No detection
(outside the room) displayed
No message
5 Music Steady with low intensity of light
displayed
No message
6 Scream Steady with low intensity of LED
displayed
At 85 db noise level
SOURCE OF
TEST STATUS OF THE LED REMARKS
SOUND
No message
1 Whistle Low detection, low intensity of LED
displayed
No message
2 Clapping No detection
displayed
Normal No message
3 No detection
Conversation displayed
Blowing of horns No message
4 No detection
(outside the room) displayed
Steady light and dependent on the volume of
5 Music Message displayed
sound.
6 Scream Blinking with low intensity of LED Message displayed
Table 4.3 Noise Detection with Different Sound Sources

Table 4.3 shows the different results in testing the library noise detector with

different sources of sound. Based on the results, the noise detector can

45
easily detect constant noise and high pitch sounds. The detection varies with the kind of

sound produced and its distance to the noise detector. The sensitivity of the sensor depends

on the noise level set on the noise detector. If the noise level is low, the detector can

easily detect noise and if the noise level is high, longer time is needed to detect noise. The

intensity of light of the LED indicates how much noise is detected. When the intensity of

light of the LED is high it means that the noise has reached the sound level set on the noise

detector. If the LED blinks the noise is detected and it can either produce an alarm or

not. If it does not produce an alarm but the LED is blinking, it means that the noise

detector can still detect but the noise does not reach the sound level set on the noise

detector. On the remarks, messages saved from the Z86733 microcontroller are

transferred to the PIC16F877 for message display in the 8x8 LED Matrix. These messages

are only displayed if the noise detector has enough voltage gain to trigger the

microcontroller.

Sudden loud noise that occurred during testing such as sneezing, whistling, and

banging of the door was easily detected.

Testing of Noise Detection with Varying Distances

The following materials were used to conduct the test: sound level meter, push-pull

rule, and the noise detector circuit.

The noise detector was set to approximately 50 db noise level and in a testing room

that measured 31’ x 23.5’ x 18.95’. The setting was only at the minimum noise level of 50

db because according to the researches, 40 db is the

46
considerable noise level in a library environment. Since the device was placed on each

table inside the library, the distance of the source of sound is 0.25m, 0.5m, and 1m

measured by the push-pull rule from the noise detector. This testing aimed to prove that

the noise detector can detect different sound sources even if the source was almost one

meter away from the noise detector. The sound level meter was used to measure the

amount of noise in terms of decibel.

Sound Level
Source Distance Remarks
Meter
Normal Conversation
Noise detected with message
Trial 1 0.25 m 55dB
display
Noise detected but with no
Trial 2 0.50 m 48 dB
message display
Noise detected but with no
Trial 3 1m 40 dB
message display
Music
Noise detected with message
Trial 1 0.25 m 55 dB
display
Noise detected but with no
Trial 2 0.50 45 dB
message display
Noise detected but with no
Trial 3 1m 40 dB
message display
Scream
Noise detected with message
Trial 1 0.25 m 58 dB
display
Noise detected with message
Trial 2 0.50 m 51 dB
display
Noise detected but with no
Trial 3 1m 45 dB
message display
Table 4.4 Testing Operation with Sound Level Meter

Based on the results in Table 4.4 the measured values have discrepancy due to the

consistency of the sound sources that the sound level meter detects. The noise level of the

sound varies with its distance to the sound level meter. When the source is near the sound

level meter, the decibel value is higher and as it gets farther, the decibel value

decreases. For this reason, the detection of

47
the noise detector also depends on the distance of the sound source. As the sound level

meter measures the noise level, the noise detector also detects the noise at the same time. It

shows that the noise level set in the potentiometer is only approximately 50 db since lower

than 50 db is still detected by the noise detector. The remarks prove the design project set

the validity of the input noise. It only triggers the PIC16F877 to send alert messages to

be displayed in the 8x8 LED Matrix if it reaches the set noise level of 50 db. Even though

detection of noise is in the process in the noise detector, the warning is only made if

the source of noise will reach or exceed 50 db which proves the efficiency and quality of

the noise detector and the microcontrollers for the message display as the design projects

works altogether.

48
 CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion

The design project was able to detect excessive noise and provide a short message

to remind the library users not to make excessive noise. This feature of the design is an aid

to avoid having too much noise created by the people inside the library.

The library staff takes care of borrowed and returned books as well as maintaining

order in the library. The device will inform the library users through the detector’s alarm

and alert messages displayed on a LED matrix panel after detection of excessive noise;

thus lessening the library staff’s task of maintaining a quiet ambience.

Based on the research conducted, a noise detector was designed that can vary the

noise level, and through microcontrollers, a message display device was used to add

functions to the whole design system. The Library Noise Detector with Message

Provider was put into operation by interfacing a noise detector’s circuit into a

microcontroller based 8x8 LED Matrix.

Most of the time, students go to the library just to hangout, chat with friends or use

for their benefit of the facilities without realizing the disturbances they create. This design

project will be very much effective in maintaining order in school libraries because it will

make the students become aware of the proper manner inside the library.

49
Recommendation

A further enhancement on the design of the Library Noise Detector with Short

Message Provider is recommended in terms of its capacity for detection of other kinds of

noise sources and its message provider. Making the design not just portable but also

wireless would be a great improvement of the design itself. A Wireless FM Transmitter

and Receiver can be used in order to transmit the input signals from the microphone to the

system design. This device is also used to create a wireless connection from the noise

detector to the message display device. This is implemented to provide convenience and

allows the library staff or roaming security guard to control the device at a distance of 10

meters maximum. For practicality means it is much better to have only one set of the

Library Noise Detector provided that it can detect noise in a larger area and alert messages

are displayed in larger panel of LED Matrix.

The design system can also be applied in classrooms, offices and in any

environment where silence needs to be observed. More improvement can be applied in the

packaging of the whole system design, to have a more sophisticated look in putting

altogether all the parts or input/output devices of the design prototype.

50
 REFERENCE
1. Bogart T., Linear Electronics (1993); Rutkowski, G., Operational Amplifiers,

Detection of Signals in Noise.2nd Edition (March 1993); Robert McDonough,

Noise Level

2. Fay, Thomas H., ed., Noise and Health (1991); Morrison, Ralph, Noise and Other

Integrated and Hybrid Circuits (1993); Stanley, W., Operational Amplifiers with

Linear Integrated Circuits, 3d ed., (1993)

3. Interfering Signals (1991); Tempest, W., ed., The Noise Handbook (1985).

Kingfisher Science Encyclopedia. Noise. Vol.7 p.491

4. Taylor, C.P., Bennett, P.J., & Sekuler, A.B. (2003), Noise detection: bandwidth

uncertainty and adjustable channels [Abstract]. Journal of Vision, 3(9): 9a.

5. World Book Dictionary, Volume 1 (A-K) and Volume 2 (L-Z) © 1976, By Field

Enterprises Educational Corporation All rights reserved.

6. Birgitta Berglund, Thomas Lindvall and Dietrich H. Schwein, editors. Guidelines

7. for Community Noise. World Health Organization, 1999.

8. Floyd, Thomas L. Electronic Devices, 5th Edition, p.842 – p.867

Mano, Morris,. Digital Design, 3rd edition

9. Herrick, Clyde N., Instruments and Measurement for Electronics, p.17 – p.19

Petruzzelis, Tom, Electronic Sensors for the Evil Genius, p.3 – p.15

10. Owen, George E., Keaton, P.W., Fundamentals of Electronics, Vol.3

Braga, Newton C., Electronics for the Electrician

51
APPENDIX 1
Material Listings and Price Lists

52
List of Materials

MATERIALS QUANTITY PRICE TOTAL

Z86733
1 pc P200.75 P200.75
Microcontroller IC

10.240Mhz crystal 1 pc P35.00 P35.00

27 pf np capacitor 2 pcs P2.50 P5.00

78L05 1 pc P18.00 P18.00

Male-female
1 pc P25.00 P25.00
connector

0.1 uf capacitor 1 pc P2.50 P2.50

Keypad 1 pc P113.00 P113.00

2x40 LCD 1 pc P700.00 P700.00

1k resistor 3 pc P1.00 P3.00

10k resistor 6 pcs P1.00 P4.00

56k resistor 3 pcs P1.00 P3.00

33k resistor 1 pc P1.00 P1.00

22k resistor 2 pcs P1.00 P2.00

Lm7805/Lm7808 2 pc P24.00 P48.00

750 mA transformer 1 pc P187.00 P187.00

2200 uf/25v 1 pc P8.00 P8.00

53
 Toggle switch 2 pcs P10.00 P20.00

Tact switch 1 pc P 18.00 P 18.00

14”x18” Plywood 2 pcs P75.00 P150.00

PCB 1 pc P160.00 P160.00

1N4001 2 pcs P2.00 P4.00

PIC16f877 1 pc P225.00 P225.00

03SBA10 bridge
1 pc P35.00 P35.00
rectifier diode

0.1 uf capacitor 4 pcs P2.50 P10.00

2n3904 8 pcs P5.00 P40.00

2200 uf/35v
1 pc P12.00 P12.00
capacitor

Wireless doorbell 1 pc P499.95 P499.95

Electret Microphone 1 pc P 150.00 P150.00

Total P 4,952.20

54
APPENDIX 2
Data sheets

55
56
ZILOG Z86733 MICROCONTROLLER

57
58
59
APPENDIX 3
Program Listing

60
 Program Listing in the Z86733 for Keypad and LCD

data_set1 .equ 20h ;lcd

data_set2 .equ 21h
data_out .equ 22h
position .equ 23h
milli .equ 24h ;3sec delay
press_no .equ 25h ;keypad
counter .equ 26h
letra .equ 27h
variable1 .equ 28h
variable2 .equ r10
value .equ r11
ctr .equ r12
bitrate .equ r13
com_flag .equ r14
shift_bit .equ r15
seconds .equ 6ch
indicator .equ 6dh

.org 00h
.word 0ffffh ;p33
.word 0ffffh ;p32
.word 0ffffh ;p31
.word 0ffffh ;p30
.word baudrate
.word timer_int
.org 0ch

di ;disable interrupt
srp #10h ;set register pointer to #10h
ld spl,#80h ;initialized stack pointer at 80h
ld p01m,#04h ;set port0( p0 )as output
ld p2m,#00110000b ;set port2 (p2 )as output
ld p3m,#01h ;set port2 as digit and push-pull mode

clr irq
clr ipr
ld t1,#3bh
ld pre1,#00010011b
ld pre0,#00100101b ;104 micro secs.
ld t0,#15 ;note set crystal oscillator 11.150mhz; 15 use 10.24mhz
ld imr,#30h
ei ;enable interrupt

61
call erase_ram
ld r4,#29h
ld 28h,#0ffh
clr p3
clr p0
call delay2
call lcd_init

restart:
ld r6,#>tittle
ld r7,#<tittle
call line1
ld r6,#>school
ld r7,#<school
call line2
call delay2
call line2
ld position,#0c3h ; starting position of char display in the lcd
ld r6,#>clear
ld r7,#<clear
call line1
ld r6,#>clear
ld r7,#<clear
call line2
jr input

loop_restart:
tm p3,#01h
jr z,loop_restart
ld r6,#>clear
ld r7,#<clear
call line2
call delay

input:
ld r6,#>lower
ld r7,#<lower
call line1
call delay
call keypad
input_a:
cp press_no,#02h
jp eq,keyabc
cp press_no,#03h
jp eq,keydef
cp press_no,#04h

62
 jp eq,keyghi
cp press_no,#05h
jp eq,keyjkl
cp press_no,#06h
jp eq,keymno
cp press_no,#07h
jp eq,keyprs
cp press_no,#08h
jp eq,keytuv
cp press_no,#09h
jp eq,keywxy
cp press_no,#00h
jp eq,keyzero
cp press_no,#0f3h
jr eq,upper_input
jr input

upper_input:
ld r6,#>upper
ld r7,#<upper
call line1
call delay
call keypad
upper_a:
cp press_no,#02h
jp eq,keyABC
cp press_no,#03h
jp eq,keyDEF
cp press_no,#04h
jp eq,keyGHI
cp press_no,#05h
jp eq,keyJKL
cp press_no,#06h
jp eq,keyMNO
cp press_no,#07h
jp eq,keyPRS
cp press_no,#08h
jp eq,keyTUV
cp press_no,#09h
jp eq,keyWXY
cp press_no,#00h
jp eq,keyZERO
cp press_no,#0f3h
jp eq,numlock
jr upper_input

63
numlock:
ld r6,#>number
ld r7,#<number
call line1
call delay
or tmr,#0ch
numlock_a:
call keypad
cp press_no,#01h
jr eq,key1
cp press_no,#02h
jp eq,key2
cp press_no,#03h
jp eq,key3
cp press_no,#04h
jp eq,key4
cp press_no,#05h
jp eq,key5
cp press_no,#06h
jp eq,key6
cp press_no,#07h
jp eq,key7
cp press_no,#08h
jp eq,key8
cp press_no,#09h
jp eq,key9
cp press_no,#00h
jp eq,key0
cp press_no,#0f3h
jp eq,input
jr numlock_a

readytosend:
ld r1,#29h
ld r0,#'A'
call tx_data
ld r0,#'T'
call tx_data
ld r0,#'+'
call tx_data
send_msg:
ld r0,@r1 ;transfer the content data of address to working reg r0
call tx_data ;pulse enable
inc r1
cp r1,#6ah

64
 jr eq,return1 ;inc address to fetch next character from ascii
jr send_msg
return1:
ld r0,#0h
call tx_data
ld p0,#06h ; this is for the alarm on state
call delay2
ld p0,#0h ; alarm off state
hang:

tm p2,#20h
jr nz,readytosendb
jr hang
readytosendb:
tm p2,#20h
jr nz,readytosendb
jr readytosend

;========= numlock text =========

key1:
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#'1'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_a
key2:
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#'2'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_a
key3:
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#'3'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_a
key4:
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#'4'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_a
key5:
ld letra,#02h

65
 ld variable1,#'5'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_a
key6:
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#'6'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_a
key7:
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#'7'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_a
key8:
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#'8'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_a
key9:
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#'9'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_a
key0:
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#'0'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp numlock_a

;=========== keytext =============

keyabc:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'a'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp input_a
keydef:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'d'

66
 ld variable2,#03h
call showtxt
jp input_a
keyghi:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'g'
ld variable2,#04h
call showtxt
jp input_a
keyjkl:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'j'
ld variable2,#05h
call showtxt
jp input_a
keymno:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'m'
ld variable2,#06h
call showtxt
jp input_a
keyprs:
ld letra,#05h
ld variable1,#'p'
ld variable2,#07h
call showtxt
jp input_a
keytuv:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'t'
ld variable2,#08h
call showtxt
jp input_a
keywxy:
ld letra,#05h
ld variable1,#'w'
ld variable2,#09h
call showtxt
jp input_a
keyzero:
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#20h
ld variable2,#00h
call showtxt
jp input_a
keyautospace:

67
 ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#20h
ld variable2,#0ffh
call showtxt
jp input_a

keyABC:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'A'
ld variable2,#02h
call showtxt
jp upper_a
keyDEF:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'D'
ld variable2,#03h
call showtxt
jp upper_a
keyGHI:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'G'
ld variable2,#04h
call showtxt
jp upper_a
keyJKL:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'J'
ld variable2,#05h
call showtxt
jp upper_a
keyMNO:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'M'
ld variable2,#06h
call showtxt
jp upper_a
keyPRS:
ld letra,#05h
ld variable1,#'P'
ld variable2,#07h
call showtxt
jp upper_a
keyTUV:
ld letra,#04h
ld variable1,#'T'
ld variable2,#08h

68
 call showtxt
jp upper_a
keyWXY:
ld letra,#05h
ld variable1,#'W'
ld variable2,#09h
call showtxt
jp upper_a
keyZERO:
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#20h
ld variable2,#00h
call showtxt
jp upper_a
keyAUTOSPACE:
ld letra,#02h
ld variable1,#20h
ld variable2,#0ffh
call showtxt
jp upper_a

;======== keypad routine========

keypad:
clr seconds
keypad_a:
jp delete_button
loop_keypad:
cp seconds,#18 ; timer for auto increment
jp uge,keypad_out
and p0,#00000000b
or p0,#01110000b
tm p3,#02h
jr nz,two
call delayk
ld press_no,#01h
ret
two:
tm p3,#04h
jr nz,three
call delayk
ld press_no,#02h
ret
three:
tm p3,#08h
jr nz,four
call delayk

69
 ld press_no,#03h
ret
four:
call wait_1
and p0,#00000000b
or p0,#10110000b
tm p3,#02h
jr nz,five
call delayk
ld press_no,#04h
ret
five:
tm p3,#04h
jr nz,six
call delayk
ld press_no,#05h
ret
six:
tm p3,#08h
jr nz,seven
call delayk
ld press_no,#06h
ret
seven:
call wait_1
and p0,#00000000b
or p0,#11010000b
tm p3,#02h
jr nz,eight
call delayk
ld press_no,#07h
ret
eight:
tm p3,#04h
jr nz,nine
call delayk
ld press_no,#08h
ret
nine:
tm p3,#08h
jr nz,ask
call delayk
ld press_no,#09h
ret
ask:
call wait_1

70
 and p0,#00000000b
or p0,#11100000b
tm p3,#02h
jr nz,zero
call delayk
ld press_no,#'*'
sub press_no,#30h
ret
zero:
tm p3,#04h
jr nz,sharp
call delayk
ld press_no,#0h
ret
sharp:
tm p3,#08h
jp nz,keypad_a
call delayk
ld press_no,#'#'
sub press_no,#30h
ret
keypad_out:
ld press_no,#0ffh
ret
delete_button:
tm p2,#10h
jr z,erase_char
tm p2,#20h
jp nz,readytosend
tm p3,#01h
jp z,message_one
jp loop_keypad
erase_char:
clr seconds
looperase_char:
cp seconds,#20
jr ule,looperase_char
cp position,#0c3h
jr eq,exit_erase
dec position
dec r4
loop_erase:
cp seconds,#30 ; timer for erasing all char
jr uge,erase_lahat
tm p2,#10h
jr z,loop_erase

71
 ld data_out,#20h
call dis_char
ld press_no,#0edh ; flag for erasing a char
ret
exit_erase:
ld position,#0c3h
ret
erase_lahat:
ld r0,#00
ld r1,#29h
clean:
ld @r1,r0
inc r1
cp r1,#069h
jr ne,clean
ld position,#0c3h
ld r4,#29h
ld r6,#>clear
ld r7,#<clear
call line2
ret

;=================================
showtxt:
or tmr,#0ch
clr counter
ld value,variable1
showtxt1:
call lcddisplay
inc counter
cp counter,letra
jr uge,showtxt
call keypad
cp press_no,#0edh
jr eq,exittext
cp press_no,#0d0h
jr eq,exittext
cp press_no,variable2
jr ne,outshowtx
inc value
clr seconds
jr showtxt1
outshowtx:
cp position,#0e5h
jr eq,stoptxt
cp press_no,#0ffh

72
 jr eq,autospace
cp indicator,#0ffh ; autospace flag
jr eq,stoptxt
inc position
inc r4
exittext:
ret
stoptxt:
clr indicator
ret
autospace:
inc position
inc r4
ld indicator,#0ffh ; the autospace happens
ret
lcddisplay:
ld @r4,value
ld data_out,value
call dis_char
ret

;========== transmit routine=========

tx_data:
rcf
or p0,#01h
clr ctr
clr bitrate
and com_flag,#11111110b ;clr rx_flag
or tmr,#03h
idle: or p0,#01h ;idle
cp bitrate,#1
jr ne,idle
rl r0
rl r0
start_bit:
and p0,#0feh ;start bit
cp bitrate,#2
jr ne,start_bit
or p0,shift_bit ;8 bit data shift
clr ctr
rcf
ld shift_bit,r0
and shift_bit,#01h
loop_upto8:
or p0,shift_bit ; data shift
cp ctr,#8

73
 jr ult,loop_upto8
and tmr,#0fch
or p0,#01h
ret
baudrate:
rr r0
ld shift_bit,r0
and shift_bit,#01h
and p0,#0feh
inc ctr
inc bitrate
iret

;========== LCD routine============

display:
add data_out,#30h
dis_char:
ld data_set1,position
call pulse
ld r8,data_out
call pulse1
ret
display_back:
add data_out,#30h
dis_char1:
ld data_set1,position
call pulse
ld r8,data_out
call pulse1
dec position
ret

line1:
ld data_set1,#80h ;set first address of first line
call pulse ;pulse register select
call display_msg ;go to fetching of data from ascii setting
ret ;return
line2:
ld data_set1,#0c0h
call pulse
call display_msg
ret
display_msg:
ldc r8,@RR6 ;transfer the content data of address to working reg r8
cp r8,#24h

74
 jp eq,return
call pulse1 ;pulse enable
incw RR6 ;inc address to fetch next character from ascii
djnz r9,display_msg ;dec working reg. r9 and check if 0, end of line
return:
ld r9,#40 ;reset the character counter
clr r8
ret
lcd_init:
ld data_set1,#02h ;set data length for 8 bits/5x7 dots/2line
call pulse ;pulse enable pin
ld data_set1,#28h
call pulse
ld data_set1,#28h
call pulse
ld data_set1,#28h ;entry mode:inc address ,no shift
call pulse ;pulse enable pin
ld data_set1,#0ch ;set dd ram
call pulse ;pulse enable pin
ld data_set1,#06h ;set dd ram
call pulse ;pulse enable pin
ld data_set1,#01h ;set dd ram
call pulse ;pulse enable pin
ld data_set1,#02h ;set dd ram
call pulse ;pulse enable pin
ld data_set1,#40h ;set dd ram
call pulse ;pulse enable pin
ld data_set1,#80h ;set dd ram
call pulse ;pulse enable pin
call delay
ld r9,#40
ret ;return end of initialization
pulse:
call split_data
and p2,#0f0h
or p2,data_set1
or p2,#80h ;#20h;set enable pin to high state
and p2,#7fh ;#0dfh ;set it low
and p2,#0f0h
or p2,data_set2
or p2,#80h ;#20h;set enable pin to high state
and p2,#7fh ;#0dfh
and p2,#0f0h
call wait_1 ;wait awhile
ret ;return
pulse1:

75
 ld data_set1,r8
call split_data
and p2,#0f0h
or p2,data_set1 ;load data to port 2
and p2,#03fh ;#0cfh
or p2,#40h ;#10h;set register select high
nop
nop
nop
or p2,#80h ;#20h;set enable and register select pin high
and p2,#07fh ;#0dfh
call wait_1
and p2,#0f0h
or p2,data_set2 ;load data to port 2
and p2,#03fh ;#0cfh
or p2,#40h ;#10h;set register select high
nop
nop
nop
or p2,#80h ;#20h;set enable and register select pin high
and p2,#07fh ;#0dfh
nop
nop
nop
and p2,#03fh ;#0cfh
call wait_1 ;clear both pin
ret
split_data:
ld data_set2,data_set1
swap data_set1
and data_set1,#0fh
and data_set2,#0fh
ret
erase_ram:
ld r0,#00
ld r1,#12h
clean2:
ld @r1,r0
inc r1
cp r1,#07fh
jr ne,clean2
ld r1,#31h
ret

;========== timer interrupt routine ===========

timer_int:

76
 inc milli
cp milli,#100
jr uge,segundo
iret
segundo:
clr milli
inc seconds
iret

;======== delay routine =========

wait_1:
ld r3,#1fh
busy:
djnz r3,busy
ret
delay:
ld r3,#01fh
loop1:
ld r2,#0ffh
loop2:
djnz r2,loop2
djnz r3,loop1
ret
delay2:
ld r0,#100
del:
call delay
dec r0
cp r0,#0
jr ne,del
ret
delayk:
ld r6,p3
rr r6
and r6,#07h
cp r6,#07h
jr ne,delayk
clr p3
call delay
ret

;========== default display for matrix =============

message_one:
tm p3,#01h
jr z,message_one
call erase_lahat

77
;observe_silence:
ld r6,#>message1
ld r7,#<message1
call line1
ld r6,#>observe
ld r7,#<observe
call line2
ld 29h,#'O'
ld 2ah,#'b'
ld 2bh,#'s'
ld 2ch,#'e'
ld 2dh,#'r'
ld 2eh,#'v'
ld 2fh,#'e'
ld 30h,#' '
ld 31h,#'s'
ld 32h,#'i'
ld 33h,#'l'
ld 34h,#'e'
ld 35h,#'n'
ld 36h,#'c'
ld 37h,#'e'
loop_msg1:
tm p2,#20h
jr nz,readytosendmsg1
tm p3,#01h
jr z,message_two
jr loop_msg1
readytosendmsg1:
tm p2,#20h
jr nz,readytosendmsg1
call send_savemessage
jr loop_msg1

message_two:
tm p3,#01h
jr z,message_two
call erase_lahat
ld r6,#>message2
ld r7,#<message2
call line1
ld r6,#>do_not
ld r7,#<do_not
call line2
ld 29h,#' '
ld 2ah,#'D'

78
 ld 2bh,#'o'
ld 2ch,#' '
ld 2dh,#'n'
ld 2eh,#'o'
ld 2fh,#'t'
ld 30h,#' '
ld 31h,#'l'
ld 32h,#'e'
ld 33h,#'a'
ld 34h,#'v'
ld 35h,#'e'
ld 36h,#' '
ld 37h,#'t'
ld 38h,#'h'
ld 39h,#'i'
ld 3ah,#'n'
ld 3bh,#'g'
ld 3ch,#'s'
ld 3dh,#' '
ld 3eh,#'u'
ld 3fh,#'n'
ld 40h,#'a'
ld 41h,#'t'
ld 42h,#'t'
ld 43h,#'e'
ld 44h,#'n'
ld 45h,#'d'
ld 46h,#'e'
ld 47h,#'d'
loop_msg2:
tm p2,#20h
jr nz,readytosendmsg2
tm p3,#01h
jr z,message_three
jr loop_msg2
readytosendmsg2:
tm p2,#20h
jr nz,readytosendmsg2
call send_savemessage
jr loop_msg2

message_three:
tm p3,#01h
jr z,message_three
call erase_lahat
ld r6,#>message3

79
 ld r7,#<message3
call line1
ld r6,#>sleeping
ld r7,#<sleeping
call line2
;sleeping:
ld 29h,#' '
ld 2ah,#'s'
ld 2bh,#'l'
ld 2ch,#'e'
ld 2dh,#'e'
ld 2eh,#'p'
ld 2fh,#'i'
ld 30h,#'n'
ld 31h,#'g'
ld 32h,#' '
ld 33h,#'a'
ld 34h,#'n'
ld 35h,#'d'
ld 36h,#' '
ld 37h,#'e'
ld 38h,#'a'
ld 39h,#'t'
ld 3ah,#'i'
ld 3bh,#'n'
ld 3ch,#'g'
ld 3dh,#' '
ld 3eh,#'a'
ld 3fh,#'r'
ld 40h,#'e'
ld 41h,#' '
ld 42h,#'n'
ld 43h,#'o'
ld 44h,#'t'
ld 45h,#' '
ld 46h,#'a'
ld 47h,#'l'
ld 46h,#'l'
ld 47h,#'o'
ld 46h,#'w'
ld 47h,#'e'
ld 46h,#'d'
loop_msg3:
tm p2,#20h
jr nz,readytosendmsg3
tm p3,#01h

80
 jp z,loop_restart
jr loop_msg3
readytosendmsg3:
tm p2,#20h
jr nz,readytosendmsg3
call send_savemessage
jr loop_msg3

message_four:
tm p3,#01h
jr z,message_three
call erase_lahat
ld r6,#>message4
ld r7,#<message4
call line1
ld r6,#>cellphone
ld r7,#<cellphone
call line2
;cellphone:
ld 29h,#' '
ld 2ah,#'c'
ld 2bh,#'e'
ld 2ch,#'l'
ld 2dh,#'l'
ld 2eh,#'p'
ld 2fh,#'h'
ld 30h,#'o'
ld 31h,#'n'
ld 32h,#'e'
ld 33h,#' '
ld 34h,#'a'
ld 35h,#'r'
ld 36h,#'e'
ld 37h,#' '
ld 38h,#'n'
ld 39h,#'o'
ld 3ah,#'t'
ld 3bh,#' '
ld 3ch,#'a'
ld 3dh,#'l'
ld 3eh,#'l'
ld 3fh,#'o'
ld 40h,#'w'
ld 41h,#'e'
ld 42h,#'d'

81
loop_msg4:
tm p2,#20h
jr nz,readytosendmsg4
tm p3,#01h
jp z,loop_restart
call erase_lahat
jr loop_msg4
readytosendmsg4:
tm p2,#20h
jr nz,readytosendmsg4
call send_savemessage
jr loop_msg4

send_savemessage:
ld r1,#29h
ld r0,#'A'
call tx_data
ld r0,#'T'
call tx_data
ld r0,#'+'
call tx_data
loopsend_msg:
ld r0,@r1 ;transfer the content data of address to working reg r0
call tx_data ;pulse enable
inc r1
cp r1,#6ah
jr eq,return1a ;inc address to fetch next character from ascii
jr loopsend_msg
return1a:
ld r0,#0h
call tx_data
ld p0,#06h ; this is for the alarm on state
call delay2
ld p0,#0h ; alarm off state
ret

;======== LCD display =========

clear:
.ascii " $"
tittle:
.ascii " Microcontroller Based Matrix Display $"
school:
.ascii " Mapua Institute of Technology $"
lower:
.ascii "-->lowercase: $"
upper:

82
 .ascii "-->uppercase: $"
number:
.ascii "-->num. lock: $"
message1:
.ascii "-->message one: $"
message2:
.ascii "-->message two: $"
message3:
.ascii "-->message three: $"
observe:
.ascii "Observe Silence$"
do_not:
.ascii "Do not leave your things unattended$"
sleeping:
.ascii "Sleeping and eating are not allowed$"
cellphone:
.ascii "Cellphones are not allowed$"
.end

83
APPENDIX 4
User’s Manual

84
 Library Noise Detector with Short Information Display
User’s Manual

These are the proper ways in using the designed noise detector:

1. Initially plug on the device in a 220 VAC to turn-on the system design.

Make sure that the toggle switch on the noise detector is turned-off before any

task is be done.

2. To choose whether the message is a user input or a stored message, press

the push button beside the keypad. A stored message appears when the button is

pushed. If you want to display a personal input message to display, wait until a

blank selection appears.

3. If it is a user input message, enter the short information that you want to display

during the detection of the noise within the library. Enter alert messages that can

really catch the attention of the library user.

4. The keypad functions like the cellular phone keypad and the tact switch beside the

keypad is used for deleting a character.

5. Set the desired level of sensitivity of the sensor by turning the knob of the noise

detector. The clockwise direction makes the noise detector turn from 50 decibel

to 80 decibel.

6. Turn on the toggle switch in the noise detector to start the communication between

the display device and the noise detector.

85
 7. Leave the device on the table or in a specific place in the library then let it function

by itself. A default message of “Mapua Library” will be shown until noise is

detected. The chime sound will occur, the LED indicator in the sensor blinks, and

the entered short information will be displayed once noise is sensed.

Figure 6. Pictures of the actual Library Noise Detector with Short Information Provider

86