A BennPreamble The patent collection was an automated process, and no manual filtering of patents was performed To collect the data, we used the following connected car terminology: Vehicle-to-Grid), a wide class with some other related important terms related to the concept of telecommunications. | created custom search logic based on a combination of identified keywords, concepts, and classes. In addition, | ran some standard-related queries against all v2x-related standards, including protocol layer standards, by limiting them with the V2x keyword (eg (NAME / STON = "ETSITS22186'). All of this search logic was run on the Questel Orbit (patent database), creating a patent set of approximately 12,000 unique patent families that consisted extensively of all V2X related patents. Since this is a primary analysis, we do not classify patents based on 5G / 4G technology. At this time, the technical specifications in this area are still evolving, so we cannot confirm the importance of the declared SEP. However, it is likely that these patents will prove to be essential to the standard, Still it provides insights on estimated percentages of SEP patents and CR data based on the data available on the Orbit and 3gpp sites. Since the rel17 document is not fully available, we have limited our search to rel14, rel15, and rel16. Background Today, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technology aims to improve the standard of living of people around the world. In the purest definition, V2X connects road vehicles to potentially affected entities. In this sense, experts say that the application of V2X in favor of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) is one of the most useful realizations, reducing collisions, reducing travel times, improving fuel efficiency, and avoiding it. We believe that we promise efficient road traffic management. Especially pollution. The two alternative access layer technologies for ITS are defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), respectively. The first approach is Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC), which supports WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) technology standardized as IEEE 802.11 for ad hoc connectivity of vehicles, which forms the basis of the European standard ETSI ITSGS. Copyright © 2021 TT Consultants. All Rights ReservedThe second approach is Cellular-based V2X (C-V2X), a 3GPP proposal based on Long Term Evolution (LTE), also known as LTE-V2X. Compared to 802.11p-based technology, Direct CV2X extends range (about twice), improves NLOS (nomline-of-sight) performance, and is reliable, without relying on increased cellular network support or security. Recently, New Radio (NR) V2X was defined in versions 16 and 17 to provide better service for demanding applications and use cases with more stringent requirements (eg, platooning, advanced driving, etc.). Designated as a supplemental access technology. Overview of Releases A) Release-14 Rel-14 is the primary 3GPP popular introducing 4G improvements for V2X communications. Rel-14 positioned a unique awareness at the aid of V2V through the Evolved Packet System (EPS) i. Modes of operation There are two modes of operation for V2X communication, as shown in Figure 1 a) V2X communication via PCS interface: Since the PCS interface connects directly to the UE (user device), wireless V2X messages from the UE are received directly by the UE around the transmitter. B) V2X communication via LTE Uu interface: The LTE-Uu interface connects the UE to the eNB (EUTRAN NodeB). eNB acts as a base station in the LTE network These two communication interfaces may be used by a UE independently for transmission and reception. Copyright © 2021 TT Consultants. All Rights ReservedThe Work Item on "Stage 1 for LTE support for V2X services (V2XLTE)’, driven by SA WGI, defines Service Requirements the following major service requirements for typical V2X application in TS 22. 185: - Message transfer latency no longer than 100 ms with 20 ms maximum allowed latency in some specific use cases - Transfer of message size up to 1200 bytes - Support of up to 10 message transfers per second in typical cases while enabling maximum message transfer frequency of 50 Hz - Communication range sufficient to give the driver enough response time (e.g., 4 seconds) - Support of relative vehicle speed up to 500 km (about the length of New York State)/h - Support of V2X communication both in and out of network coverage Architecture Enhancements The Work Item on "Architecture enhancements for LTE support of V2X services (V2XARC)’, driven by SA WG2, specifies the V2X architectures, functional entities involved for V2X communication, interfaces, provisioned parameters and procedures in TS 23.285. Figure 2 depicts an overall architecture for V2X communication. The "V2X Control Function’, which communicates with UEs via the V3 interface (not shown on the figure), is the logical function defined for network related actions required for V2X and performs authorization and provisioning of necessary parameters for V2X communication to the UE. Figure 2: Overall architecture for V2x communication iv. Security Aspects The Work Item on "Security aspect of LTE support of V2X services (V2XLTE-Sec)’, driven by SA WG3, specifies the security aspects for LTE based V2X communication in TS 33.185, including security ar- chitecture, security requirements, as well as procedures and solutions to meet those requirements Copyright © 2021 TT Consultants. All Rights ReservedB) Release-15 Rel-15 is the first standard dealing with 5G, and it defines the initial iteration (5G Phase 1) of the 5G System (5GS), its architecture, and functionality. In architectural terms, Rel-15 specified the service-based approach for the 5G Core Network (SGC), the support for data connectivity over NR and LTE access technologies, and functionalities for the enhancement of mobility, QoS, traffic steering, and network slicing, ‘Summary based on the input provided by LG Electronics in SP-180467 Through the work done on Rel14, the 3GPP system will begin supporting various V2X services using LTE technology. Rel14 works to support V2X services and is primarily a data transfer service for basic road safety services such as Co-recognition Messages (CAM), Distributed Environment Notification Messages (DENM), Basic Safety Messages (BSM). It is intended to provide. In addition to the work done on Rell4 to support LTE-based V2X services, Rel15's work eV2X specifies additional service requirements to improve 3GPP support for V2X scenarios. This task addresses the requirements in the following areas and is specified in TS22.186. Vehicle Platooning The platooning of vehicles allows vehicles to dynamically form groups to drive together. All vehicles in the platoon regularly receive data from the preceding vehicle to operate the platoon. With this information, the distance between vehicles can be very small. H. The gap interval converted to time can be exceedingly small (less than 1 second). The platooning application enables autonomous driving of the following vehicles: Advanced Driving Advanced Driving enables semi-automatic or fully automated driving. It is assumed that the distance between vehicles is large. Each vehicle and/or RSU shares data obtained from local sensors with nearby vehicles, allowing the vehicle to adjust its trajectory and maneuver. In addition, each vehicle shares its driving intent with nearby vehicles. The advantages of this use case group are safer travel, collision avoidance, and improved traffic efficiency. Copyright © 2021 TT Consultants. All Rights ReservedExtended Sensors enables the exchange of raw or processed data gathered through local sensors iv, Extended Sensors or live video data among vehicles, RSUs, devices of pedestrians and V2X application servers. The vehicles can enhance the perception of their environment beyond what their own sensors can detect and have a more holistic view of the local situation. v. Remote Driving Advanced Driving enables semi-automatic or fully automated driving. It is assumed that the distance between vehicles is large. Each vehicle and/or RSU shares data obtained from local sensors with nearby vehicles, allowing the vehicle to adjust its trajectory and maneuver. In addition, each vehicle shares its driving intent with nearby vehicles. The advantages of this use case group are safer travel, collision avoidance, and improved traffic efficiency. C) Release-16 Rel-16 is the second step of 3GPP's 5G project. Specified from Mar. 2017 to Jun. 2020, Rel-16 ex- tends 5G specifications in two broad aspects: i) building up the 5G architecture; ii) offering support for new specific service functionalities, putting a special focus on key selected use cases that are expected to be essential for the deployments of industry verticals such as V2X. Rel-16 defines the 5G supporting role for advanced V2x services and vehicle QoS support, as well as coexisting NR and LTE sideline. The details of rel-16 are available in TR 21.916 are provided below. Improvement of V2X Service Handling This WI introduces requirements related to vehicle quality support. This allows V2X applications to be notified of expected or estimated quality of service (QoS) changes in a timely manner. For example, V2X applications, such as platooning applications, may increase or decrease the distance between vehicles if communication packet errors are expected to increase or decrease, This work item primarily concludes that a standardized interface to an external V2X application server is needed. This standardized interface allows V2X application servers to request specific QoS requirements (and optionally associated alternative QoS requirements). You can also tell if the requested QoS requirements (and/or alternative QoS requirements) are met. Copyright © 2021 TT Consultants. All Rights Reservedii, Architecture Enhancements for 3GPP support of Advanced V2X Services Based on the requirements specified by V2XIMP in TS 22.185 and TS 22.186, the “Architecture enhancements to the 5G System" are specified in TS 23.287 in order to facilitate vehicular communications for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) services. The following reference points are defined in the architectural reference models: Based on the requirements specified by V2XIMP in TS 22.185 and TS 22.186, the "Architecture enhancements to the 5G System" are specified in TS 23.287 in order to facilitate vehicular communications for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) services. The following reference points are defined in the architectural reference models: PCS reference point: NR PCS RAT, LTE PCS RAT. Uu reference point: NR, E-UTRA. Level 2 of integration between EPS-V2x and 5GS-V2xX is also specified. Improvements to the EPS architecture to support V2X communication over the NR-PCS reference point are specified in TS 23.285. For example, to facilitate the deployment of dedicated network slices for use in the automotive industry and to facilitate roaming support, the new standardized slice/service type (SST) value for V2X services, or 4, is now TS23.501. It is defined. The security aspect of 3GPP support for enhanced V2X services is specified in TS33.536. |. Application layer support for V2X services In Release 16, in order to ensure efficient use and deployment of V2X applications on 3GPP network (EPS), a V2X application layer architecture is specified with primary focus on the V2X application support aspects consisting of V2X application enabler (VAE) as specified in TS 23.286 and Service Enabler Architecture Layer (SEAL) as specified in TS 23.434. iv. 5G V2X with NR Sidelink 3GPP RAN technology for sidelink communication based on 5G NR was specified through this WI to define the means for providing the advanced V2X services identified by 3GPP SA1. This WI corresponds to 3GPP V2X phase 3, which is the evolution of LTE V2x in Release 14 (phase 1) and 15, (phase 2) Copyright © 2021 TT Consultants. All Rights ReservedIPR Overview 5G Automotive Association (SGAA) defines its purpose to increase road safety, traffic efficiency, and energy savings. Thus, with the rise of 5G technology, companies are ramping up their develop- ments in various areas that have been birthed by it, and V2x is one of those hotspots today. Finally, we ran all search logics on Questel Orbit (patent database) which yielded a patent set of around 12358 unique patent families which would broadly consist of all V2X related patents. As this is com- pletely automated process, +_ 5% tolerance can be considered. Table 1: Company Vs V2X patent portfolio size a OMe Cy See Co CRS eee) 1 LG Electronics 765 6.19% 2 Huawei 476 3.85% 3 Toyota Motor 476 3.85% 4 Hyundai Motor 432 3.50% 5 Qualcomm 332 2.69% 6 Gm Global Technology Operations 245 1.98% 7 Honda Motor 231 1.87% 8 Kia Motors 231 1.87% 9 Ford Global Technologies 216 1.75% 10 Robert Bosch 201 1.63% u Denso 173 1.40% 12 Intel 158 1.28% 13 ‘Samsung Electronics 158 1.28% 4 Hyundai Mobis 130 1.05% 15 Others 8147 65.81% Copyright © 2021 TT Consultants. All Rights ReservedSHARE (umber of pans) Table 1 & pie chart provides an insight about Number of V2X Patents within each company's portfolio. The estimated number of v2x patents in a company's portfolio is expressed in term of % SHARE as well. By analyzing the table one can easily identify who is leading in the v2x chase. Table 2- Company Vs Standard essential V2X Patents portfolio size ced ey rere Say 1 Lc Electronics 265 30.24% 2 Huawei 83 9.45% 3 Samsung Electronics 80 9.07% 4 ZTE Corp 80 9.07% 5 Datang Mobile Communications Equipment 69 7.93% 6 Qualcomm 50 5.67% 7 Intel 46 5.29% 8 Th 43 4.91% 9 China Academy Of Tel. Tech. 40 4.53% 10 Tel, Science & Technology Research Inst. 35 3.96% " Apple 25 283% 12 Beijing Samsung Telecommunication 2 2.45% 13 Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software 20 2.26% 14 Guangdong Oppo Mobile Tele. 7 1.89% Copyright © 2021 TT Consultants. All Rights ReservedTable 2 & Pie chart 2 provides an insight into the Number of probable's V2x SEP Patents within each company's portfolio. » The estimated number of v2x SEP patents in a company's portfolio is expressed in terms of % SHARE as well. Eg: LG IS ELECTRONICS is leading the race by holding 265 SEP patents out of 876. Table 3- 3GPP standard Vs SEP Patents Vs Number of CRs en Ree ad Sen a eee una) 1 1822185 1 0 2 TS.22.186 i 2 3 TS 23.285 26 6 4 TS 23.286 6 32 5 TS 23.287 126 87 6 TS 24.385 1 3 7 TS 24.386 7 8 8 TS 24.486 o 63 9 1S 24.587 19 169 10 1S24.588 0 2 u TS 29.388 0 1 2 Ts 29.389 0 1 13 TS 29.486 o 31 4 1S 33.185 0 0 15 1S 33.536 3 16 Copyright © 2021 TT Consultants. All Rights ReservedTable 3 & column chart 3 provides an insight about = Number of V2X SEP Patents and CR’s (Change request) associated with each V2x standards. Eg: There are 126 patents and 87 CR's associated Table 4- 3GPP standard Vs Company Vs Number of SEP ea Se ud Coys 1 Huawei 1 2 ETSL-TS-33-536 NEC 1 a Nokia 1 4 Samsung Electronics. 4 5 ETSL-TS-24-587 Qualcomm, 3 6 Guangdong Oppo Mobile Tele 2 7 Samsung Electronics 3 8 ETSI-TS-24-386 Qualcomm 2 9 Guangdong Oppo Mobile Tele 1 10 Qualcomm 1 " ETSL-TS-24-385, Qualcomm 1 12 Samsung Electronics 35 13 Qualcomm, 2 4 ETS/-TS-23-287 Nokia 15 15 Huawei 2 16 Nokia Solutions & Networks Copyright © 2021 TT Consultants. All Rights ReservedTable 4- 3GPP standard Vs Company Vs Number of SEP ea Renee a CES DRS 7 ZTE Corp 8 18 Asustek Computer 4 19 Fraunhofer 4 20 Alcatel Lucent 3 a Datang Mobile Communications Equipment 2 2 IDAC Holdings 2 23 Nokia Shanghai Bell 2 24 ETS/-TS-23-287 Blackberry 1 25 China Academy Of Tele. Technology 1 26 Fujitsu 1 ea Gohigh Data Networks Technology 1 28 Guangdong Oppo Mobile Tele fT 29 Johnson Electric International 1 30 NEC fT 31 Nokia Networks 1 32 ZTE Corp 2 33 Apple 1 34 ETS/-TS-23-286 Ericsson 1 35 Huawei 1 36 NEC fl 7 ZTE Corp 7 38 ETSI-TS-23-285 Qualeomm 4 39 Fraunhofer 3 Copyright © 2021 TT Consultants. All Rights ReservedTable 4- 3GPP standard Vs Company Vs Number of SEP S.No. ere rns ees 40 Guangdong Oppo Mobile Tele. 3 41 Samsung Electronics 2 a2 Apple 1 43 Asustek Computer 1 44 See Datang Mobile Communications Equipment 1 45 Huawei 1 46 Innovative Technology Lab 1 47 Lg Electronics 1 48 NEC 1 49 ETSITS-22-185 Guangdong Oppo Mobile Tele. 1 50 ETSITS-22-186 IDAC Holdings 1 Table 4 provides an insight about the association of companies V2X SEP Patents portfolio with V2x standards Eg: There are 14 number of SEP associated with ETSI-TS-24-587 for SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS. Notable Patents for V2X Communication i, US10856112 (SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS) The present invention relates to wireless communication technology and, more specifically, a method and device for media-to-anything (V2X) messaging through an enhanced multimedia streaming media service (eMBMS). ). The present invention provides a method and device for trans- mitting V2X messages, which is not limited by the non-overlapping of service areas in the former technical field when broadcasting media messages for everything (V2X). on the way down. Copyright © 2021 TT Consultants. All Rights ReservedUS10716123 (HUAWEI) The current application concerns V2X message communication methods and devices. Methods performed by an end device include: sending a QoS request message to a network device; receiving QoS information from the terminal sent by the network device based on the terminal's identification information; obtaining, based on the QoS information, a QoS parameter corresponding to the message identifier of the V2X message to be sent; based on the obtained QoS parameter, a radio resource used to send V2X message will be sent and sending V2X message will be sent using the received radio resource. The QoS information of each terminal's V2X message can be obtained from the network device. Therefore, when sending a V2X message to be sent in a V2X service, the terminal can find the corresponding QoS information, thereby satisfying the terminal's communication quality requirements to deploy the service. Us20210105618 (QUALCOMM) The current application concerns V2X message communication methods and devices. Methods performed by an end device include: sending a QoS request message to a network device; receiving QoS information from the terminal sent by the network device based on the terminal's identification information; obtaining, based on the QoS information, a QoS parameter corresponding to the message identifier of the V2X message to be sent; based on the obtained QoS parameter, a radio resource used to send V2X message will be sent and sending V2X message will be sent using the received radio resource. The QoS information of each terminal's V2X message can be obtained from the network device. Therefore, when sending a V2X message to be sent in a V2X service, the terminal can find the corresponding QoS information, thereby satisfying the terminal's communication quality requirements to deploy the service. V2X. Copyright © 2021 TT Consultants. 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