The Different of Qualitative and Quantitative Research

Lecturer : Eka Sustri Harida M. Pd.

Created by Group 6:

Ari Yudha Perdana (1720300067)

Rahayu Utami Dewi (1920300030)

Jamiah Nst (1920300065)
May Sari Aisyah Dalimunthe (1920300068)

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

TARBIYAH FACULTY AND TEACHER SCIENCE

THE STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

PADANGSIDIMPUAN

T.A.2022/2023
 PREFACE

Assalamu’alaikumWr.Wb

Praise and gratitude to Allah SWT, because of His grace and guidance we were able
to complete this paper. Don’t forget to say thank you to mam Eka Sustri Harida as a lecturer
in this Research in English Language Teachinga and group of friends who have supported the
smooth making of this paper.

The purpose and objective of making this paper is to fulfill group in Research in
English Language Teaching. In writing this paper, we realize that are still shortcomings and
errors. For that we expect constructive criticism and suggestions from readers to compile
other papers in the future. Hopefully this paper is useful not only for us but also for readers.

Wassalamu’alaikumWr,Wb

Padangsidimpuan,15 February 2022

 TABLE OF CONTENT

COVER

PREFACE

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Background………………………………………………

Formulation of Problem………………………………...

Purpose………………………………………………….

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION

A. Definition of Qualitative and Quantitative Research

B. Different between Qualitative and Quantitative Research

C. Types of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Method

CHAPTER III CLOSING

A. Conclusion
Reference

CHAPTER 1
 INTRODUCTION

Background

A scientific rescarch can use both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The
quantitative approach uses statistical and mathematical test tools which are often referred to
as quantitative descriptive analysis, while the qualitative approach is based more onlogical
reasoning understanding the interpretation of the research object. Even at this time, according
to its development, this quantitative approach is meaningless without using a qualitative
analysis approach.

Formulation of Problem

1.What are the definition of Qualitative and Quantitative Research?

2.What are the different between Qualitative and Quantitative Research?

3.What are the types of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Method?

Purpose

We can know the differences between Qualitative and Quantitative Research and to
determine the types of Qualitative and Quantitative Research method.

CHAPTER II
 DISCUSSION

A.Definition of Qualitative Research

According to Kirk and Miller, defines that qualitative research is a particular tradition
in social science that fundamentally depends on human observations in their own area
relating to these people in their language and their transitions.

And in general qualitative research, namely, research procedures that aim to examine
a problem by formulating a problem and then examining it in an in-depth way, namely
observation, recording. interviewing and being involved in the research process in order to
find explanations in the form of patterms, deseriptions and compiling indicators.

Qualitative research methods are research methods based on the philosophy of

postpos ivism, used in natural object conditions, (asopposed to experiments) where the
researcher is the key instrument,sampling of data sources is done purposively or snowball,
the collection technique is triangulation (combined),. data analysis is inductive or qualitative
in nature, and qualitative rescarch results emphasize meaning rather than generalization.

B. Definition of Quantitative Research

Quantitative Research Quantitative research is research in the field of exact sciences with
activities based on scientific disciplines of each science, also using treatment materials
arranged in standardized designs. with the aim to find a solution to a problem. Research that
is included in quantitative research is experimental studies to test the hypotheses stated. This
definition gives an understanding that quantitative approaches or methods are commonly
used in scientifie and exact sciences, but quantitative methods are also widely used in
cducational rescarch.

In quantitative research in social science or education, the researcher's task is to test is to

test cducational theories by making hypotheses, making hypotheses-making instruments, and
testing hypotheses.

Quantitative research methods can be interpreted as a research method based on the

philosophy of positivism, used to research specific populations or samples, sampling
techniques are generally caried out randomly, data collection uses research instruments, data
analysis is quantitative or statistical in order to test the hypothesis has been established.

C.The Differences of Qualitative and Quantitative Research

a. The differences seen by characteristic

a) Qualitative research
- Focuses on exploring ideas and formulating a theory or hypothesis.
- Analyzed by summarizing, categorizing and interpreting.
- Mainly expressed in words and Requires few respondents.
- Open-ended questions.
 b) Quantitative research
- Focuses on testing theories and hypotheses
- Analyzed through math and statistical analysis
- Mainly expressed in numbers, graphs and tables and Requires many
respondents
- Closed (multiple choice) questions

b. The differences seen by data collection

a) Qualitative research
- Interviews: Asking open-ended questions verbally to respondents.
- Focus groups: Discussion among a group of people about a topie to
gather opinions that can be used for further research.
- Ethnography: Participating in a community or organization for an
extended period of time to closely observe culture and behavior.
- Literature review: Survey of published works by other authors
b) Quantitative research
- Surveys: List of closed or multiple choice questions that is distributed
to a sample (online, in person, or over the phone).
- Experiments: Situation in which variables are controlled and
manipulated to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
- Observations: Observing subjects in a natural environment where
variables can't be controlled.

c. The differences seen by instrument

a) Qualitative research
- The observation
- Interview
- History, stories and lifes tell
- Discussion group
- Face group
b) Quantitave research
- Multiple choice questions
- The rating scale
- Open-ended questions
- Surveys
- Cheklist

d. The differences seen by analysis

a) Qualitative research
Qualitative data analysis method is a method of processing data in
depth with data from observations, interviews, and literature.
The technique of analyzing qualitative data is by summarizing,
categorizing and interpreting.
Qualitative Analysis, is an analytical method using interviews and
observations by answering questions such as what, why or how.
 Qualitative has research subjects which are commonly referred to as
resource persons.
In qualitative research, the researcher digs deep into the data on certain
things.
For qualitative data collection methods, usually by conducting in-depth
interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), literature studies, and
observations (Sekaran & Bougie, 2016).
b) Quantitave research
Quantitative analysis is the collection of quantitative research data using a
series of research instruments in the form of tests/questionnaires.
Quantitative data analysis methods have various types of analysis such as
correlational techniques, descriptive analysis, regression, comparison and
so on.
Quantitative has research subjects commonly referred to as respondents.

D. Types of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Method

a. Types of Qualitative Research Method

a) Case Study

As the name implics, the case study research method examines a particular
case or phenomenon in society which is carried out in depth to study the
background, circuistances and interactions that occur. Case studies are carried
out on a single system which can be in the torm of a program, activity, event,
or a group of individuals who exist in certain circumstances or conditions.

Because it specifically examines a particular thing or system, case study

research is not done to draw conclusions on the phenomenon of a particular
population or group but specifically for the events or phenomena under study.

b) Historical Method

The next rescarch is a historical method, which is rescarch that focuses on past
events and reconstructs the past using historical data sources or witnesses that
still exist today. The data sources can be obtained from various historical
records, artifacts, verbal reports, as well as living witncesses that can be
justificd for the truth of their testimony. Because it examines past events, the
hallmark of historical rescarch is time: where the phenomenon 15 seen as
development or change bused on shitng time.

b. Types of Quantitative Research Method

a) Comparative
Method Comparative method is a method used in research that is directed to
determine whether there is a difference between two variables in an aspect
under study. In this study there was no manipulation by the researcher. The
research was conductod naturally, by collecting data with instruments. The
results were statistically analyzed to look for differences in the studied
variables.

b) Method of Correlation

Correlation method is a research conducted to describe two or more facts and

properties of the object under study. Research is conducted to compare the
similarities and differences between two or more facts based on a certain
frame of mind.

c) Survey Methods

According to Zikmund (1997), the survey research method is a form of

research technique in which information is collected from a number of
samples in the form of people, through questions", according to Gay & Dichl
(1992)" the survey research method is a method used as a general category.
research using questionnaires and interviews.
 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

The difference between quantitative research and qualitative research is that the
qualitative research method uses calculations, while the qualitative research method uses
words or descriptions. Furthermore, it is necessary to note that quantitative research methods
have a very broad scope. In general, this research method is divided intotwo, namely
experimental and no-experimental. Experimental research consists of several parts, including
quasi experiments, single subjects, and so on. Meanwhile, non-experimental research consists
of comparative, descriptive, survey, correlational, and so on. You can detemine which
quantitative research you will use in your thesis. This depends on the objeet or data you use
in your research.

REFERENCES

https://www.academia.edu/32669565/
QUALITATIVE_AND_QUANTITATIVE_RESEARCH_INSTRUMENTS_Research_t
ools

https://www.scribd.com/document/512838740/Bahasa-Inggris-MAKALAH-Kuantitatif-
Dan-Kualitatif