CLOUD BASICS FULL COURSE

a). Course Overview

Cloud computing continues to transform the way we conduct business. As organizations are
rethinking IT strategies, cybersecurity professionals need to first understand the cloud
before they can help their organizations transition to the cloud. This self-paced immersive
course is the first in a series of courses on the cloud, designed to provide a solid
understanding of cloud computing including key drivers and rationale for moving to the
cloud, cloud architecture and computing concepts and characteristics, cloud service and
deployment models, and cloud brokers.

1). Course Objectives:

 Understand the concepts around cloud computing and why organizations use the
cloud.
 Explore the five essential characteristics of cloud computing.
 Examine essential service and deployment models within cloud concept architecture.
 Learn about cloud brokers and why they are an important part of cloud
deployments.

b). About the Author

Same Author as of Moving to the Cloud Course. Refer from that.

c). Setting the Stage

1). Module Overview

This first module of the course focuses on basic cloud computing concepts, key structural
aspects, and the accelerating pace of adoption.

2). Module Objectives:

 Recognize cloud capabilities

 Categorize key elements of cloud computing
 Define the cloud reference architecture
 Examine factors accelerating adoption
  Analyze rationale for moving to cloud
 Identify key drivers that make cloud computing attractive

3). What is Cloud Computing?

4). NIST Model (Optional Resource)

The PDF file is saved in the same Folder (Current Folder)

5). History of Cloud Computing

Information technology has gone through important changes over the years. In order to
understand where we are, it’s important to understand where we have been. This short
history will help you appreciate why cloud computing is fundamentally different than
traditional IT.

 Computing First Age

 Computing Second Age
 Computing Third Age
 Relational Database
 Computing Today

1). Computing First Age

For our purposes, the first age of computing was the 1970s, when the focus was on big
infrastructure—mainframes, big point-to-point networks, centralized databases, and big
batch jobs. Toward the end of the decade, terminals evolved into personal computers, while
networks went from hierarchical to decentralized, with a broader, generally more numerous
collection of servers, and storage scattered throughout an organization.

While batch work still existed, many programs became interactive through this age,
eventually gaining more advanced visual interfaces along the way. Infrastructure tended to
be associated with particular applications and important applications generally demanded
enterprise-grade (read: expensive) infrastructure. This period also saw the rise of databases.

Databases were important to business because they held the business data that was
manipulated by the applications in the execution of business processes. This data was
typically structured, hierarchical, and tightly linked to the associated business processes.
Changes in business processes required changes in the underlying database tables and logic.
This approach therefore demanded prior knowledge of all aspects of those processes.
Business applications were written as tightly coupled interfaces to the data-laden backend,
application state found a home in the server, and client-server architectures became central
to business.
2). Computing Second Age

The second age heralded the rise of the internet—Sun, Cisco, Mosaic (which became
Netscape), Web 1.0, eBay, Yahoo, baby.com, and the first internet bubble. It also drove the
development and near-ubiquity of easy-to-use, visually attractive devices that could be used
by nearly everyone.

The biggest technical contribution of the second age was in the network itself. In being
forced to deal with the possibility of massive network failures caused by a nuclear attack,
researchers endowed their invention with the ability to self-organize, to seek out alternate
routes for traffic, and to adapt to all sorts of unforeseen circumstances. The single point of
failure that was typical of mainframe-inspired networks was removed, and in one fell swoop
the biggest technological barrier to scaling was eliminated.

Businesses moved quickly in exploiting the new internet, immediately grasping the inherent
value of leveraging their tightly coupled client-server applications over the network. As local
area networks grew to globally-connected wide area networks, network latency and
application timeouts made tightly coupled client-server business applications more and
more unreliable.

3). Computing Third Age

The third age saw the explosion of data and wireless mobility. Email and social media made
unstructured data more important than structured data. Early in the second age Yahoo
started “indexing the internet,” which for some time was mostly manually constructed.
While this was sufficient for a while, it soon became apparent that manually built indices
could never keep up with the growth of the internet itself. Several other indexing efforts
began—including AltaVista, Google, and others—but it was Google where everything came
together.

Google realized that the precipitous drop in the cost of storage and rise in the importance of
unstructured data had simultaneously reduced the business effectiveness of highly
structured databases and associated structured query languages. They revolutionized
internet search by automating it with map-reduce, no-SQL, and AppEngine, an early
platform-as-a-service. Amazon Web Services innovated business infrastructure though the
use of “brutal standardization” and API-driven infrastructure-as-a-service. Salesforce.com
rode their Force.com PaaS to becoming the world’s first billion-dollar software-as-a-service
company. With these business models as proof points, cloud computing was born as an
economic model.

Growth of the wireless network, rapid adoption of mobile devices, widespread use of
browsers (thin clients) as the business application interface, and the use of virtualization to
improve resource utilization made traditionally-designed, tightly coupled applications
almost useless. Software developers quickly adopted Representational State Transfer (ReST)
and created loosely-coupled applications where transaction state was moved to the client
and no-SQL proved its business value processing unstructured data. With these
reverberations, cloud computing was reborn as an operational model.

4). Relational Database

The economics of data storage led to the use of content-addressable storage, flat storage
architectures, and internet scaling. With infinite scalability and consistent responsiveness,
database design and database tuning were no longer required.

5). Computing Today

The development of loosely-coupled application architectures and the expansion of elastic
and scalable infrastructures led to agile business. These models don’t rely on a static
business process but exploit parallelism and big data analytics. Executive drive to reduce
business costs through the adoption of cloud services has also made infrastructure-centric
security models worthless. This is why the enterprise security professional must now adopt
a data-centric security model and become a trusted partner with your enterprise business
leaders.

6). Going Beyond NIST Resources

Here is a list of several resources from organizations that offer cloud computing standards.
Visit those resources that appeal/apply to you.

 ISO - International Organization for Standardization

o Cloud computing - Overview and vocabulary

o Cloud computing - Reference architecture

 CSA - Cloud Security Alliance

o Blog: The Definition of Cloud Computing

 ISF - Information Security Forum

o Related Blog: ISF Lists “Seven Deadly Sins” of Cloud Computing

 IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force

o Website: Internet Engineering Task Force

 IEEE Cloud Computing—Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

o Podcasts and resources

7). Key Drivers and Rationale for the Cloud

8). Cloud Economic Model

1). Introduction

Cloud computing is often thought of as a technology, but another way to define it would be
as a paradigm shift in the business and economic models for Information Technology (IT).

Provisioning and consuming IT services through cloud computing can lead to a significant
cost savings. This cost savings is realized through the pooling of configurable computing
resources.

According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), resource pooling is
one of five essential characteristics of cloud computing. Different physical and virtual
resources are dynamically assigned and reassigned, according to consumer demand.
Note: Resource pooling defines the ability of a cloud to serve multiple consumers using a
multi-tenant model.

2). Cloud Economics

For the cloud service provider, cloud computing economics depends on the expected
consumption characteristics of the targeted customer population. The cloud provider seeks
to predict these factors, then balance the minimum amount of physical IT resources to
service a maximum level of demand.

Properly balancing these factors across a well-characterized user group can lead to ~30%
savings in IT resources. This enables the near-real-time modification of the underlying
physical infrastructure required for the delivery of the desired “illusion of infinite resources”
that is synonymous with a cloud computing user’s experience.

3). Economic Impact of the Cloud Computing Model

Cloud service providers bring massive economies of scale to computing and deliver
computing resources on demand. Before cloud computing, companies had to make ever-
growing capital expenditures (CapEx) in computing resources to implement new information
systems, and to accommodate potential peak loads. This led to overcapacity and
underutilization.

Cloud computing services are consumed using a variable operation expenditure (OpEx)
model, which:

1. Eliminates long-term investments when exploring new business models.

2. Allows the exploitation of short-term business opportunities.
3. Efficiently enables cross-device access and synchronization of content or applications
across a single user with multiple devices.
4. Eliminates hardware costs normally associated with new systems or services.

4). How Does Cloud Computing Save Money?

Cloud computing lowers prevailing prices by driving the industry away from highly-
customized independent architectures and towards:

 Pooled resources
 Shared architectures
 Flat-rate pricing models
 Pay-per-use pricing models
5). IT Governance using Enterprise IT

Traditionally, the enterprise management will develop and impose IT governance. IT

management will generally monitor and report on organizational adherence, changing and
modifying the IT infrastructure as needed or directed.

IT procurement and operational expenditures are also managed via IT governance

processes.

Acquisition requirements are delineated using the traditional request for proposal (RFP) or
request for quote (RFQ), and vendor selection is driven by vendor compliance with the
specified requirements and a negotiated price.

6). IT Governance using a Managed Service Provider

When enterprises opt to use managed service providers for information technology,
compliance with enterprise-imposed IT governance is typically required. The cost of
delivering a compliant solution is generally recouped by the provider during a mutually-
agreed minimum service period.

7). IT Governance using a Cloud Service Provider

Cloud service providers fund and build their infrastructure based on the forecasted
requirements of an IT marketplace segment and a forecasted penetration into that market,
not a specific marketplace customer. Service offering line sheets and pricing models are set
based on CSP investment, marketplace uptake of their service offerings, and realized CSP
profit. IT governance is typically a shared model, within which CSP responsibilities are
generally fixed and consistent across all CSP customers.

8). Enterprise Due Diligence

Any enterprise-consuming CSP services must conduct sufficient due diligence in order to:

 Clearly understand CSP responsibilities, enterprise responsibilities, and demarcation

between the two.
 Ensure that CSP IT governance processes and procedures are compatible with those
of the enterprise and its operating environment.
 Ensure that operating on the CSP infrastructure is compliant with any legal,
regulatory, or industry requirements.
 Ensure that the enterprise has sufficient operational visibility and documentation to
meet all audit and security requirements.
9). Economic Impact of the IT Service Delivery Model

A 2009 Booz Allen Hamilton study concluded that a cloud computing approach could save
from 50%-67% on the lifecycle cost for a 1,000-server deployment. A separate Deloitte study
confirmed that cloud computing deployments delivered greater investment returns with a
shorter payback period when compared to the traditional on-premises option.

These studies prove that when implemented properly, the IT service delivery model can
drastically reduce the operations and maintenance cost of IT infrastructures.

10). Economic Impact of the Cloud-Computing Model

Businesses must always deal with the disparity between the capacity to produce products
and deliver services—which is fixed in the short term—and the demand for those products
and services—which is almost always variable at any time scale. Customer demand in just
about any circumstance is volatile.

While some tactical measures can be taken to alleviate some scenarios, cloud-computing
models have been shown capable of economically solving the so-called “demand dilemma”
when applied to cloud computing-compatible business models.

11). The Capacity Conundrum

Cloud computing can economically address the “capacity conundrum” where companies
build capacity to match peak demand, which typically leads to substantial excess capacity
during off-peak periods. This excess capacity represents either non-productive capital or
unnecessary expense.

Conversely, if capacity is sized to the baseline, there will be insufficient resources to handle
spikes.

Transactions not served represent demand for the products or services that the business
would have monetized, resulting in lost revenue or lost worker productivity.

12). Private Cloud Transition Economics

Transitioning from a traditional enterprise IT infrastructure to the private cloud model

involves a significant level of investment, operational modifications, and cultural change.
Investment is driven by an increased use of automation, staff skillset enhancements, and
training costs associated with needed operational changes.

13). Public Cloud Adoption Economics

Public cloud adoption has historically delivered significant enterprise IT cost savings through
significantly reduced capital expenditures, staff level reductions, and increased operational
efficiencies. These well-documented results are driven primarily by the public cloud service
provider’s ability to deliver a continuously improving level of service at lower cost and
higher profit margins.

Consistency in these trends is reinforced by global scale, very low marginal cost to deliver
services to additional customers, and steadily improving CSP operational efficiencies. A
public cloud service provider ROI model example is shown here.
14). Cloud Computing Return on Investment

Video Downloaded and Saved in the Same Folder (Current Folder)

Although business alignment is paramount, cloud computing return on investment (ROI)

must also be addressed. This metric should be addressed from multiple vantage points.

Cloud economic savings can be measured through the following key performance indicators
(KPIs):

 Workload versus utilization percent

 Workload type allocations
 Instance to asset ratio
 Ecosystem optionality (Increased flexibility to choose and change IT providers)

The ROI model can also include operational metrics, such as the speed of cost reduction,
optimizing cost of capacity, optimizing ownership use. Business value can also be gleaned
from process time reductions, product quality improvements, and customer experience
enhancements.

KPIs should have defined metrics based on either ISO 27004, relevant ISO publications,
negotiated Service Level Agreements or NIST Special Publication 800-55. Within each ROI
domain, targeted values should address:

 One, measures of effectiveness;

 Two, measures of efficiency; or
 Three, impact measures.

15). Acquisition and Governance Changes

Implementation Capital Acquisition Operational
Profit Model
Operations Investment Model Governance
RFP with
By Enterprise
Enterprise IT N/A - Cost Center Enterprise
Enterprise Selection of Best
Vendor
RFP with
Enterprise
Managed Service Term Payments by Enterprise
By MSP Enforced via
Provider Enterprise Selection of Best
Contract
Vendor
Marketplace Margin Enterprise CSP Offered SLA as
Cloud Service Leveraging Economies Selection of Modified by
By CSP
Provider of Scale and Market Standing Service Enterprise
Penetration Options Negotiation
A decision to adopt cloud computing will generally initiate far-reaching discussions about
capital investment, IT budget allocations, IT acquisition, and enterprise governance.

Cultural changes are also almost inevitable because these transitions normally result in
some unique mixture of traditional enterprise IT, services from a managed service provider,
and cloud service consumption.

When updating enterprise IT governance, corporate executives will have the task of
codifying a proper middle ground among these very different operating models.

16). Which of the following essential characteristics of cloud computing most directly
affects the economic model for Information Technology?

 Broad network access

 Rapid elasticity
 Resource pooling
 On-demand self-service
 Measured service

That is correct!
Provisioning and consuming IT services through cloud computing can lead to a significant
cost savings. This cost savings is realized through the pooling of configurable computing
resources, also known as resource pooling.

17). A cloud service provider must learn to balance which two factors:

Consumption characteristics with available servers

The minimum physical IT resources with maximum demand
The maximum physical IT resources with minimal demand
Physical IT resources with customer population

That is correct!
The cloud provider must balance the minimum amount of physical IT resources to service a
maximum level of demand. Properly balancing these factors across a well-characterized user
group can lead to ~30% savings in IT resources.

18). Cloud Computing saves money by driving the industry towards:

Choose an option for each and select the submit button. Review your answers and then
continue to the next module.
d). Cloud Concepts and Characteristics
1). Module Overview

Using the NIST model, this module examines the five essential characteristics, three service
models, and four deployment models of cloud concept architecture.

Module Objectives:

 Examine five essential characteristics

 Describe three cloud service models
 Describe four deployment models
 Identify and define cloud concept architecture -Examine how the essential
characteristics facilitate cloud adoption
 Describe cloud concept architecture

2). Cloud Concepts and Characteristics

3). Amazon Web Services

Video: What is Cloud Computing? - Amazon Web Services

Amazon Web Services (2013. May 6). What is cloud computing? [Video file].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jOhbTAU4OPI

Please view this short video produced by Amazon Web Services, explaining the basics of
cloud computing. From May of 2013.

This Video is Saved in the Same Folder (Current Folder)

4). Cloud Computing: What is Cloud Computing?

Video: Cloud Computing: What is Cloud Computing?

Microsoft Learning (2010, December 15). Cloud computing: What is cloud computing?
[Video file]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uYGQcmZUTaw
Please watch this short video produced by Microsoft Windows Azure, explaining the basics
of cloud computing and describing one real-world scenario. From December 2010.

This Video is Saved in the Same Folder (Current Folder)

What Is Cloud Computing? What It Means & Why It’s Smart Business

Cloud-based services for businesses are web-based applications that run on servers located
in remote locations, rather than in-house. When a company or organization talks about
‘moving to the cloud,’ this marks a shift from dedicated hardware (which depreciates over
time) and software (which is costly and cumbersome to upgrade), to a shared cloud
computing infrastructure or software-as-a-service (SaaS) that lets you outsource the
upkeep, improvement and storage of these applications while simply paying-as-you-go.

The IT and business benefits of cloud-sourcing basic office infrastructural requirements —

think email, telecommunications, data storage, printer-network infrastructure and video
conferencing — are manifold. Perhaps the key benefit of cloud computing with SaaS is
allowing IT department to devote human resources and brain power to the creation of
innovative, proprietary projects that distinguish a business from competitors, rather than
expending effort to build-up basic infrastructure.

Because cloud-based applications run on the web, IT departments can implement these
programs and onboard everybody in their company in a relatively short time, while their
management and maintenance is primarily taken care of by the SaaS provider. Basic
infrastructural software engineering often isn’t a task worthy of the people staffing an IT
department, and cloud computing allow them to instead devote energy to meaningful
problem solving. When IT is freed-up from tending to low-value projects, they can focus on
strategic activities that add significant value to the company’s intellectual property and,
ultimately, the company’s bottom line.

Cloud computing was originally the domain of early adopters looking to innovate their IT,
but today it’s become a backbone of even the Fortune 500, other major international
organizations, universities and some branches of national governments. Why? Cloud
infrastructure can be seamlessly and quickly integrated into existing enterprise applications;
it simply places another layer on either traditional, but also other cloud-based, software.
Another important feature of SaaS is the ability to easily scale its reach within an
organization, because its implementation doesn’t require inordinate integration
requirements — IT personnel can often onboard new users and machines in just a matter of
clicks. This ‘low-risk’ deployment is, in part, due to the cloud’s efficacy at eliminating
traditional software and hardware from your infrastructure.

The benefits of the cloud are oft-extolled, but concerns about security, particularly for
enterprise cloud solutions, warrant further consideration here. It can be the case that
certain in-house administrators might lack extensive IT training, particularly in the realm of
security. When these professionals are called-upon to implement data security standards
for infrastructure development, steep learning curves might be involved. For SaaS providers,
whose very business is to adhere to security procedures and policies for the benefit of their
clients, security is a preeminent aspect of their development framework for cloud
computing.

For CIOs or other IT decision makers, who must make high-stakes decisions around security,
it’s important to ask for validation and verification of data encryption standards before
contracting with them, gathering sufficient basic knowledge about how a cloud computing
service manages security. Another valid concern within organizations is how people interact
with cloud-based applications. Encourage people to create complex, and thus substantially
more secure, passwords in order to further maximize security when using a cloud-based
service.

5). Key Cloud Computing Characteristics

6). What is Cloud Computing? What It Means and Why It's Smart Business

Reading: What is Cloud Computing? What It Means and Why It's Smart Business

Ezeep, Inc. (2019). What is cloud computing? What it means & why it’s smart business.
Ezeep Technology. © 2019 ezeep, Inc. https://www.ezeep.com/what-is-the-cloud-what-
cloud-computing-means-why-it-matters-for-your-business/

This article on ezeep.com explains why using cloud computing can be a smart business
decision.

7). Immersive Exercise, Episode 1: Best Foot Forward

e). Cloud Models
1). Module Overview

Using the NIST model, this module examines the three service models and four deployment
models of cloud concept architecture.

Module Objectives:

 Define the three cloud service models

 Describe how the service models fit within architecture
 Understand how to select from the models
 Define the four deployment models
 Examine how deployments fit into cloud concept architecture
 Select from the deployment models
2). Cloud Service Models
3). How the Cloud Service Models are Similar to Baking a Cake

Bake it at home (Traditional IT)

Dining table
Plate, fork, knife
Oven
Cake Pan
Flour
Sugar

Managed by you

1). Bake it at home (Traditional IT)

One way to remember the cloud computing service models is to think about ways you could
go about making a cake. One way to make it would be to bake it at home, using your own
ingredients, the oven in your own kitchen, then serving it in your own dining room with your
own plates and napkins. This is similar to Traditional IT, which required that each
organization purchase and maintain their own IT infrastructure.

2). Buy Cake Mix, Bake it at Home (p)

Another way to make that cake would be to get a little help from Betty Crocker or Duncan
Heinz, and choose to purchase a pre-made mix. You would still use some of your own
ingredients, such as eggs or butter, and of course still cook it in your own kitchen and serve
it in your own dining room. This is similar to Infrastructure as a Service, in that some of the
process is managed by a vendor who provides their product for your use and charges a
price.

Bake it at home (Traditional IT) Buy Cake Mix, Bake it at Home (IaaS)
Dining table Dining table
Plate, fork, knife Plate, fork, knife
Oven Oven
Cake Pan Cake Pan
Flour Flour
Sugar Sugar

Managed by you
Managed by a vendor

3). Buy a Cake, Serve it at Home (PaaS)

You could also go to a bakery, choose the flavor and style of cake you like, and let the
professionals create it for you to your specifications. You would simply pay for their work,
bring it home and serve it in your own dining room. This is similar to Platform as a Service,
with a little more of the process being managed by a vendor. It is easier and saves time, but
you can still be the “host with the most”!

Bake it at home Buy Cake Mix, Bake it at Buy a Cake, Serve it at

(Traditional IT) Home (IaaS) Home (PaaS)
Dining table Dining table Dining table
Plate, fork, knife Plate, fork, knife Plate, fork, knife
Oven Oven Oven
Cake Pan Cake Pan Cake Pan
Flour Flour Flour
Sugar Sugar Sugar

Managed by you
Managed by a vendor

4). Dine at a Restaurant that Serves Cake! (SaaS)

There is yet another way to make that cake – to dine out! To move the entire cake-eating
process to someone else’s dining room, along with the baking and serving and of course the
dishes. In this scenario, the entire process is managed by a vendor. You only need to choose
from the menu, pay and enjoy! This is very similar to Software as a Service.

Bake it at home Buy Cake Mix, Bake Buy a Cake, Serve it Dine at a Restaurant that
(Traditional IT) it at Home (IaaS) at Home (PaaS) Serves Cake! (SaaS)
Dining table Dining table Dining table Dining table
Plate, fork, knife Plate, fork, knife Plate, fork, knife Plate, fork, knife
Oven Oven Oven Oven
Cake Pan Cake Pan Cake Pan Cake Pan
Flour Flour Flour Flour
Sugar Sugar Sugar Sugar

Managed by you
Managed by a vendor

4). Who Manages What?

1). Service Models

Now that we have examined the division of responsibility in baking a cake, it’s time to apply
the metaphor to IT environments. Take a look at the chart shown here. On the next few
pages you will need to identify these environments by identifying how these responsibilities
would be managed – either by you (or your company) or by a vendor.

Traditional IT IaaS PaaS SaaS

Applications Applications Applications Applications
Data Data Data Data
Runtime Runtime Runtime Runtime
Middleware Middleware Middleware Middleware
O/S O/S O/S O/S
Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization Virtualization
Servers Servers Servers Servers
Storage Storage Storage Storage
Networking Networking Networking Networking

Managed by you
Managed by a vendor

2). Who Manages What?

Traditional IT is like baking a cake at home. Remembering our metaphor, indicate who
would manage each level in a Traditional IT environment – you/your organization or a
vendor.
Indicate who would manage each level in a Traditional IT environment – you/your
organization or a vendor.
5). Categorize Cloud Services by Service Model

Classify each Cloud Service Provider to it's correct Service Model. If you are unfamiliar with
the Provider, feel free to browse the internet and research these popular Cloud Service
Providers.
Choose an option for each and select the submit button.

6). Cloud Deployment Models

7). Immersive Exercise, Episode 2: Off and Running
f). Cloud Brokers
1). Module Overview

This module presents the changing definition of cloud brokers and examines why they are
an important part of cloud deployments.

Module Objectives:

 Define the cloud broker and its importance

 Outline how they fit into cloud concept architecture
 Determine when to use a cloud broker

2). Cloud Brokers

3). Dell Technologies: Cloud Computing Service

Reading: Dell Technologies: Cloud Computing Service

Dell Technologies (n.d.). Cloud computing services. Dell EMC Glossary. © 2019 Dell Inc.
https://www.dellemc.com/en-us/glossary/cloud-computing-services.htm

Please review this succinct description of cloud computing services offered by Dell
Technologies, which includes glossary terms and definitions.

Saved in the Same Folder (Current Folder)

4). Cloud Service Brokerages: How CSB's Fit in a Multi-Cloud World

Reading: Cloud Service Brokerages: How CSB's Fit in a Multi-Cloud World

Watts, S. (2017, August 21). Cloud Service Brokerages: How CSB’s Fit in a Multi-Cloud World
[Blog post]. Retrieved from https://www.bmc.com/blogs/cloud-service-brokerages-how-
csbs-fit-in-a-multi-cloud-world/.
In this article from bmcblogs, writer Steven Watts discusses cloud service brokerages,
types of cloud brokers, and the benefits of using a cloud broker. Published in August of
2017.

The PDF file is saved in the Same Folder (Current Folder)

5). What is Cloud Computing? Everything You Need to Know About the Cloud,
Explained

Reading: What is Cloud Computing? Everything You Need to Know About the Cloud,
Everything Explained

Ranger, S. (2018, December 13). Updated: An introduction to cloud computing right from
the basics up to IaaS and PaaS, hybrid, public, and private cloud, AWS and Azure. ZDNet. ©
2019 CBS Interactive. All rights reserved. https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-cloud-
computing-everything-you-need-to-know-from-public-and-private-cloud-to-software-as-a/

Please read this article on ZDnet, introducing cloud computing with IaaS and PaaS, hybrid,
public, and private cloud.

The URL of the Article is saved in the Same Folder (Current Folder)
6). 2019 Cloud Security Report by Cybersecurity Insiders

The URL of the PDF File is saved in the Same Folder (Current Folder)

7). Immersive Exercise, Episode 3: Keep Pushing

8). Cloud Computing: Concepts, Technology and Architecture

Erl, T., Puttini, R., & Mahmood, Z. (2013). Cloud computing: Concepts, technology &
architecture. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ©2013 Arcitura Education Inc. ISBN-13:
9780133387513 (ePub); 9780133387520 (print).

http://ptgmedia.pearsoncmg.com/images/9780133387520/samplepages/0133387526.pdf
DOI: 10.1145/2632434.2632462

As an optional resource, Cloud Computing: Concepts, Technology and Architecture is a

book written by Thomas Erl. It was published in 2013 as part of the Prentice Hall Service
Technology Series.

The PDF File is saved in the Same (Current) Folder.

9). The Basics of Cloud Computing: Understanding the Fundamentals of Cloud
Computing in Theory

The Basics of Cloud Computing: Understanding the Fundamentals of Cloud Computing in

Theory

Rountree, D., Castrillo, I., & Jiang, H. (Eds.). (2013). The basics of cloud computing:
Understanding the fundamentals of cloud computing in theory and practice. Amsterdam,
Netherlands: Syngress, an imprint of Elsevier. Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights
reserved. ISBN-13: 978-0124059320.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780124059320/the-basics-of-cloud-computing

As an optional resource, The Basics of Cloud Computing: Understanding the Fundamentals

of Cloud Computing in Theory is a book written by Derrick Rountree and Ileana Castrillo. It
was first published in 2014. This book is part of the Syngress Basics series.

The URL of the PDF File is saved in the Same (Current) Folder.