Construction Technology
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ScribdTranslationsINCA
CONSTRU
CTION
TECHNO
LOGY
V Inca architecture was
fundamentally lithic, but
with their pragmatism
they adapted to the
traditional forms of adobe
construction on the coast.
• Stone facings differ
according to the purpose of
the construction and the
type of material used.
USED MATERIALS
The predominant materials are:
- Stone (main material).
- Adobe with plaster on the clay walls.
- Wood for roof structure.
- Straw or Ichu for covering the roofs.
rows of circular columns
USED MATERIALS
Among the materials used in the Inca walls is adobe.
Many buildings and even entire cities in Tawantinsuyo were
made with this material; that is the case of the Temple of
Wiracocha in Racchi.
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY IN STONE
• Simplicity was characteristic of stone construction.
• The robustness of the buildings was noticeable.
• The absence of decorative elements.
• Functionalism, beauty and durability were what was sought with
stone.
• Sobriety in aesthetic expression.
JOBS AND TOOLS
Metallic materials were used to treat the stones. Mainly copper and
BLOCK HANDLING
bronze.
BLOCK HANDLING
The Small Blocks
It was manipulated without difficulty.
The Medium Blocks
He use of platforms
staggered, like a ramp to raise the blocks
by pulling them from above.
BLOCK HANDLING
The Big Blocks
It was planned to build artificial ramps which grew
according to the height of the wall to be built,
Their transfer and placement was carried out
abruptly and definitively because they mostly
served as a foundation .
The Cyclopean Blocks
TYPES OF RIGGING
RUSTIC TYPE
Uncut stones from the field or quarry.
They are only stacked on top of each other,
without a respective arrangement,
CELLULAR TYPE
The shape of the stones varies
between polygonal and pentagonal,
with hexagonal predominating.
TYPES OF RIGGING
SET TYPE
Made up of large stones joined together like a
puzzle.
The stones generally had shapes of irregular
polygons.
SEDIMENTARY TYPE
The shape of the stones is
generally tetra angular,
usually trapezoidal.
TYPES OF RIGGING
NATURAL
It is less technical due to the quality of the finish, there is no
roughing or polishing, rather to achieve these joints they
improvise small concrete.
POLYGONA
L
PENTAGONAL
TYPES OF RIGGING
TETRANGULAR
This type of finish resembles the rectangular
one due to the arrangement of the masonry
units.
Through this, almost perfection was achieved in wall
finishes, with precision in placement.
RECTANGULAR
COINTED
TOP COINTED DENTICULATE
TYPES
SETTLED
FITTED BOXED TIED NOT MOORED
BOXED TIED
LOCKED SPIGADA STAMPED
TYPES OF
SETTLEMENTS
STAMPED TOP
CONSTRUCTIVE FEATURES
Reality suggests that the Quechuas could have used natural
models or models made with light materials .
FOUNDATIONS
WALLS
• Normally, Inca walls have a slight slope.
V There is no general rule or measurement for that inclination that provided some balance.
• Normally the stones at the base are larger or have more volume than the top one.
PROFILES OF THE ML ROS INCAS
CONSTRUCTIVE FEATURES
CONSTRUCTIVE FEATURES
THE MORTAR
In most cases no mortar was used, the joints were dry joints.
The mortar used was composed of lime, sand and clay.
PLASTERING
The use of plaster served as waterproofing, generally through the use
of lime and clay.
VENEERS
VANOS
PTAT-1F9.
CONSTRUCTIVE FEATURES
COVERS
They were generally made with wooden beams and covered with straw or "ichu".
Due to materials used and the amount of rainfall during the year, the roofs had an inclination that varied
from 50° to 65°.
ROOF CHARACTERISTICS
Hipped roofs (pavilion Canted domed
roof) roofs
gable roofs water roofs
gable roofs gable roofs
(asymmetrical) (symmetrical)
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CONSTRUCTIVE FEATURES
S PIN
CONSTRUCTIVE FEATURES
BRIDGES
There were typologies of bridges, including suspension bridges, using ichu and herbaceous species as raw materials.
Another type of bridge were those that served to delimit spaces, the materials used were round wood and tiento.
CONSTRUCTIVE FEATURES
CHANNELS
They were used to channel water coming from the subsoil
(springs) and from the melting of the surrounding snow
peaks.
The pressure breakers that were used to transport water on
very steep slopes.
FORMS OF ARCHITECTURE
PUNK
NICHE
TEXTILE
V The first
antecedents of
the production
of clothing in
the Inca era
date back to
the Wari
culture and the
territories of
Paracas and
Chanca.
V There was an
imposition
that the
nobility wore
different
clothing than
the people .
FABRICS
CUMBI (nobility) ABASCA (town)
V Predominant was the use of
figures and the symmetrical
and precise nature of these
designs, which were
geometric, iconographic,
zoomorphic (use of images of
animals) and tocapus, which
were geometric drawings
arranged both horizontally
and vertically on the garment.
To wear.
Ceramic
s development of ceramics
V The basis of the
in the Inca period is due
to the fusion of
techniques managed by
peoples who previously
inhabited the territory of
Tahuantinsuyo, with the
Chimú culture being a
living exponent of pottery
development.
V The elaboration of this
type of implements is
governed just as in
textiles and architecture:
use of geometric figures
and symmetry.
Its purpose was utilitarian
and practical.
• Three types of
ceramic implements
predominated in the Inca
Empire
ARIBALOS OR KERO HANDLE
URPUS GLASS PLATE
V The commonly made materials
were glasses, plates, vessels,
pitchers and fountains, using
clay, metals and wood for
their manufacture.
CONCLUSI
ONS
V We can conclude
that no matter how
little evolved the
Incas were, this
civilization had a
great development
in all aspects.
V There were great
differences between
social classes, these
differences being
respected by all the
inhabitants of the
empire although
there was inequality.
V It had a very well
established and
directed social and
political organization
which allowed them
to spread across
various territories
and infuse new
cultures, customs,
religion, art and
literature.
V Inca architecture
reached a high level
of development by
applying various
techniques in the
construction of
government
buildings and
religious temples.
But not only
architecture was
favored by this
development; Other
disciplines also made
progress, such as:
textiles, ceramics
and goldsmithing.