Electronics Project Report.
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ScribdTranslationsElectronics Project Report.
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ScribdTranslationsEDILBERTO CARDENAS B.
ING
INTRODUCTION.
In the next project to be presented called PWM speed control FOR DC MOTOR OR also known as
SPEED CONTROL FOR FAN, I will do it in order to know the circuits and the elements that make
up this, the operation of the CHIP, INTEGRATED, the factors and conditions OF THIS DEVICE. In
addition, a brief explanation of how it works will be given.
Furthermore, consulting on the Internet I found that at the end of the 1940s, electronics was not
considered more important than being a secondary branch of electricity and this information is of
great importance since it is also due to where electronics came from and therefore have good
bases to talk about it with arguments.
Continuing with the history of electricity, there were previously devices that could have, at least on
the outside, a certain "electronic" appearance, such as radio receivers, record players or
rudimentary calculating machines , but they were still purely electrical circuits and parts linked by
cables.
Research in search of improvements, both in the properties and, above all, in the size of the
valves , gave rise to the appearance of new materials called semiconductors , which in turn led to
the creation of a new technological discipline called electronics.
Be that as it may, both in electricity and electronics, the movement of electrons is the fundamental
reason for the operation of their circuits; The only difference is that the second uses components
such as valves, semiconductors and integrated circuits, which are generically called active elements
as opposed to those used in electricity ( resistors , capacitors , coils, etc.), called passive elements.
Thanks to such active elements, electronics becomes a science whose primary objective is to be a
perfect tool to obtain, manage and use information .
As we have already said, components are basic elements with which circuits are built, and therefore
perform the elementary functions of electronics.
Each circuit, whether electrical or electronic, must contain at least one passive component that acts
as a conductor and causes the circulation of an electric current through said circuit.
It should be said that this project was carried out with the help of Carlos Machengo (Eng.
electronic). Who collaborated and explained the project development process and who I thank for
giving me part of their time to explain it.
DEVELOPMENT.
To begin, some devices are used that are in the circuit and that intervene in the operation of a
direct current electric motor in order to be able to control the rpms of the motor through speed
and rotation control circuits.
I say a DC motor It can be operated in any direction and its electromagnetic torque can be
reversed for the braking process. Depending on the direction of circulation of the armature
current and voltage, the change of state in the operation of the motor is achieved.
In order to achieve the desired operating state for the motor, it is required to dynamically control
the current and voltage on it.
One of the most important phases is PULSE WIDTH MODULATION (PWM) .
In this process, different techniques can be used to control the power applied to the motor,
in order to achieve the desired behavior.
A technique that presents high performance is PWM. This is because in PWM converters
the transistors operate as switches, that is, in cut-off and saturation, thus minimizing
energy losses. PWM controllers are the circuits that transform logic pulses (low power) into
current pulses (power) to excite the motor windings.
Pulse width modulation is a type of control that can be used to control direct current
electric motors.
The fundamental parameters of the PWM are the period (T) and the duty cycle (D). The
duty cycle indicates the time that the function is worth one with respect to the total time
(the period).
The main function of this circuit is to allow the speed to be altered from stopped to the
maximum possible of the motor by means of a potentiometer. Thanks to the fact that it
works by pulse width modulation, the motor force is little affected even at minimum
speeds.
The specific idea or purpose of this circuit is to allow the fan to remain off when the temperature in
the system to be ventilated does not warrant its entry into service. Additionally, the fan will not be
turned on at maximum speed but will vary along with the current temperature.
In comparison with a sound amplifier I say that If you analyze the case of a good power sound
amplifier we will see that forced ventilation will produce a noise that is impossible to hear when the
equipment is at good output power, but when the power is low or even In the absence of a signal
the fans will be quite disturbing with their hum.
With this equipment, the control of the fan rotation speed is carried out through pulse width
modulation (or PWM), ensuring that the fan rotates at low speed without loss of force. The axis of
this system is a classic 555 used as a controlled oscillator, whose duty cycle is conditioned by the
value present on pin 5. This is precisely where we connect the thermistor resistor (NTC) together
with a damping capacitor. Note that the power terminals of the integrated are associated with a
zener and a capacitor. This was implemented to prevent speed changes in the fan (which can
cause momentary voltage drop) from affecting the power supply value of the integrated device and
thus prevent it from entering into a dangerous self-oscillation.
The output transistor can be selected depending on the current handled by the fan motor, always
taking care that it is of the NPN type to respect this scheme.
Needless to say, the thermistor must be physically and thermally coupled to the element to be
ventilated.
CONCLUSIONS .
With the project already completed, it was concluded that these circuits are of great importance
because they constitute the appliances that we use daily since we appropriate them. In addition,
these make our work at home easier.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
ANNOTATIONS.
BOOK OF MALVINO.
THE RICON OF THE VAGO.
CONCEPTS ACQUIRED DURING THE PROJECT.
www.buenastareas.com .
WIKIPEDIA.
CLARIFICATIONS MADE BY THE ING.
EDILBERTO CARDENAS BARRETO.
ELECTRONICS.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.
(MONTERIA-CORDOBA).
2012.