National University of Engineering

Faculty of Chemical Engineering

Technological Processes of the Food Industry

Members:

Zenyan Johanna Aguilar Quiñónez.

Isleyni Melissa Morales Pacheco.

Teacher:

MSC. Denis Escorcia

Cluster:

5T1Q

Date:

Thursday April 4, 2019

6. As a result of a process we have a tank with 800 kg of a solution that
contains 85% water, 9% soluble solids (Sugar), 3% suspended fiber and 3%
minerals (% by weight). To subject it to a silage process, a solution
containing 30 kg of sugar per 100 kg of water is added until the tank solution
has 15% sugar per 100 kg of water until the tank solution has 15%. of soluble
solids (Sugar).
Make a material balance in the process.
Calculate the weight of the mixture obtained indicating in % and weight of
each component.
Mixing inlet
Major
Capacity = 800Kg
[C] Water= 85%
[C] Sugar= 9%
[C] Minerals= 3%
[C] fiber = 3%
Secondary
[C] sugar/[C] Water = 0.3Kg of sugar/Kg of water
Mixing outlet
[C] Sugar= 15%
Calculation of compositions of the secondary feed stream
[C] Sugar= 0.230769231 Fraction
[C] Water= 0.769230769 Fraction
Secondary and output current flow calculation
Secondary = 594.2857143Kg
Output = 1394.285714Kg Weight of mixture obtained
Mixture composition obtained
[C] Water= 81.55737705%
[C] Sugar= 15%
[C] Minerals= 1.721311475%
[C] Fiber= 1.721311475%
Calculation in weight of the mixture output components (Kg)
Water = 1137.142857Kg
Sugar = 209.1428571Kg
Minerals = 24Kg
Fiber = 24Kg
7. If you have a juice with 8% soluble solids, you have a concentrator that
produces 800kg/h of concentrated juice with 15% soluble solids.
What should be the feeding speed
Data
Entrance
[C] Soluble solids = 8%
Exit
[C] Soluble solids = 15%
Flow= 800kg/h
Feed speed calculation
Inlet flow= 1500kg/h Feeding speed
8. A company dedicated to producing fish meal works with the following
process flow: It receives the raw material (fresh fish) and after washing it is
filleted, where 1 kg of waste is obtained for every 5 kg of filleted fish.
(moisture of the filleted fish: 56%), it is subsequently minced-shredded
where there is a loss of 1.5%, the fish in these conditions (pulp) enters a
dryer until its humidity is 7%, then it is ground and finally packed. Calculate:
The Kg of fresh fish necessary to produce 3 Tons of fish meal

The kg of water removed in the dryer

Data
Product (Flour) = 3000Kg
Filleted
Losses = 0.20Fraction
[C] Water= 56%
Chopped
Losses = 1.5%
Dryer
[C] Water= 7%
Balance by link component (Fish) in the dryer
Inlet flow = 6340.909091kg
Water removed = 3340.909091Kg Water removed
Total material balance in Picado
Inflow= 6437.471158kg
Losses = 96.56206737kg
Total material balance in the Filetedo
Inflow= 8046.838948Kg fresh fish
Losses= 1609.36779Kg

9. In a water purification process, at a flow of 1500 liters/sec of water, a

chlorinated solution containing 0.5% calcium carbonate and 5% chlorine is
added. If you want to obtain drinking water with 20 ppm of chlorine;
Calculate:
The amount of chlorinated solution that should be added per minute.
The percentage composition of 1 m^3 of drinking water obtained.
Data
Entrance
Primary
Flow= 1500lt/s
Secondary
[C] Calcium carbonate = 0.5%
[C] Chlorine= 5%
Exit
[C] chlorine= 20ppm
Calculation of secondary flow per minute
Flow= 0.600240096 lt/s
Flow= 36.01440576 lt/min Amount of chlorinated solution
Percentage composition of the drinking water obtained
[C] Calcium carbonate = 0.0002%
[C] Chlorine= 0.002%
[C] Water= 99.9978%
10. A cylinder measuring 90 cm in diameter and 1.6952 m in height contains
1100 kg of milk (1.02 g/cm^3) with 2.75% fat, 87.5% water, 3.5% protein and
6.25% other components. The milk is taken to a skimming machine to obtain
skimmed milk in one stream and normalized milk with 3% fat in another
stream.
What will be the percentage composition of the normalized milk (3% fat).
Data
Milk input
Flow= 1100Kg
[C] fat = 2.75%
[C] water= 87.5%
[C] Proteins = 3.5%
[C] Other components= 6.25%
Exit
Normalized Milk
[C] Fat= 3%
Material balance by link component (Fat)
Normalized milk = 1008.333333Kg
Skim milk = 91.66666667Kg
Composition of skim milk
[C] water= 89.97429306%
[C] Proteins= 3.598971722%
[C] Other components= 6.426735219%
Normalized milk composition
[C] fat = 3%
[C] water= 87.27506427%
[C] Proteins= 3.491002571%
[C] Other components= 6.233933162%

11. In the process of concentrating 1000 kg of fresh orange juice containing

12.5% solids, it is filtered, obtaining 800 kg of filtered juice, then the filtered
juice enters a vacuum evaporator from which a concentrate of 58% solids is
obtained. . Subsequently, the pulp separated from the filter is mixed with the
concentrated juice to improve the flavor. The final reconstituted
concentrated juice is 42% solids. Calculate:
The concentration of solids in the filtered juice
Kg of final reconstituted concentrated juice
The concentration of solids in the pulp derived from the filter
Data
Filter
Entrance
Flow= 1000Kg
[C] Solids = 12.5%
Exit
Flow= 800Kg
Evaporator
Exit
[C] Solids= 58%
Mixer
Exit
[C] Solids= 42%
Global total material balance
Reconstituted juice = 297.6190476 Kg Reconstituted juice
Evaporated water = 702.3809524kg
Material balance in the mixer
Entrance
Primary
Flow= 97.61904762 Kg
Secondary
[C] Solids= 34.19047619% pulp composition
Material balance in the filter
Exit
[C] Solids= 7.077380952% Filtered juice composition
2. You have dry potatoes (A) with 10% humidity and they are mixed with dry
potatoes (B) that has 24% humidity, the mixture (P) in the end has 16%
humidity. Determine the percentages of A and B so that it meets the final
humidity of the product.
H(A)= 10%
H(B)= 24%
H(P)= 16%
B Percent
B/P= 42.85714286%
A Percentage
A/P= 57.14285714%
3. Seawater contains approximately 3.5% by weight of solids, an evaporator
that produces 100 Kg/hr of pure drinking water discharges a waste stream
containing 15% by weight of solids.
What should be the feed rate to the evaporator?
130.4347826Kg/hr
Pure Water = 100Kg/hr
[C] Sea water= 3.5%
[C] Residual water = 15%
Balance by link component (Solids)
Feeding = 130.4347826Kg/hr

4. We have a process that is carried out under the following conditions: A

feed of 1200 kg of fishmeal/hr with 8% humidity by weight and a final product
with 14% humidity by weight and hot air is used with the following
composition: 1Kg of water/m^3 of hot air.
Calculate the percentage composition of the exhaust air if it is known that a
flow of 300m^3 /hr is used.
Feeding = 1200Kg/h
x Feed = 8% By weight
x Product= 14% by weight
H Air Inlet = 1Kg/m^3 of air Assuming dry air
Air flow = 300m^3 of air Assuming dry
I calculate compositions on a dry basis
X Feed = 0.086956522 Fraction on dry basis
X Product= 0.162790698 Fraction on dry basis
Dry feed = 1104Kg/h
Moisture material balance
H Air Outlet = 0.720930233Kg/m^3 of air
5. After drying it was determined that a batch of fish weighed 900 lb
containing 7% moisture. During drying the fish lost 59.1% of its initial weight
(When it was wet).
Calculate:
The weight of completely dried fish before drying
Amount of water removed per pound of completely dried fish (Lb water/Lb
dried fish)
Fish dried output = 900lb
H Fish-out = 7%
Reduction percentage = 59.1 %
Dried fish weight
Dried fish = 837lb

Amount of water removed per pound of completely dried fish

Water removed/dry weight of fish= 1.553750296lb water/lb dry fish

The process for producing dry mashed potato chips involves mixing wet
mashed potato with dry chips in a weight ratio of 95:5 and passing the
mixture through a granulator before drying in a drum dryer. Cooked
potatoes, after being kneaded, contain 82% water and dried chips contain 3%
water:
Calculate
to. The amount of water that must be removed by drying for every 100 kg of
dry flakes produced
b. The moisture content of the granulated paste put into the dryer
c. Potatoes should be purchased on a dry basis. If the base contained
moisture is 82% and potatoes at this moisture cost $200/Ton, what is the
purchase price for potatoes containing 85% moisture?
Granulator Balance:
A+ B=C
Balance by Components - Water:
0.82∗95 Kg+0.03∗5 Kg=100 XAgua
XAgua=0.7 8
 14. Propane is burned with 125% of the amount of oxygen necessary to
complete combustion. How many moles of O 2 are needed per 100 moles of
combustion products?

Reaction: C 3 H 6 + O 2 H 2 O + CO 2

For C 3 H 8

1 moleC 3 H 8 → 5 mol O2

MolC 3 H 8 ? → 6.25 mol O2

(1 moleC 3 H 8 )(6.25 molO2 )

Mol C 3 H 8 = 1.25 mol C 3 H 8
= 5 mol O 2

(6.25 moles of O2 ) (100 moles of H2O )

Mol O 2 = = 125 moles of O 2
5 mol of H 2 O00

125 moles of O 2 are necessary to produce 100 moles of H 2 O.

If 6.25 moles of O 2 produce 3.75 moles of CO 2 , to produce 100 moles of CO 2 ,
how many moles of O 2 are necessary?

(6.25 moles of O2 ) (100 moles of CO2 )

Mol O 2 = = 166.67 moles of O 2
3.75 mol of CO 2