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Beam Columns

sample problem

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Jessica Cumlat
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39 views22 pages

Beam Columns

sample problem

Uploaded by

Jessica Cumlat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 7 : BEAM-COLUMN

Definition - A member that are subjected to some degree of bending (flexural load) and
compression (axial load).

Note that in the figure above, all the members except for CF and ED behaves in manner
describe as a beam-column behavior.

INTERACTION FORMULAS

Recall

or

For Compression Members/Columns

For Flexural Members/Beams


For a Beam-Column, both bending and axial compression interacts,
hence the interaction equation becomes...

When bi-axial bending is considered, there will be two moment ratios

where the subscripts x and y refer to bending about x and y axes

AISC Interaction Equations

For Large Axial Loads

For Small Axial Loads


For Large Axial Loads

For Small Axial Loads

ANALYSIS METHODS

Consider a beam-column with an axial load and a transverse uniform load.

At an arbitrary point O, there is a moment caused by the uniform load and an additional
moment Py caused by the axial load acting at an eccentricity from the deformed
geometry* of the member. Hence the total moment at the center of the column is said
to be the maximum moment which is equal to
* Note: Ordinary structural analysis methods that do not take into account the
deformed geometry are called FIRST ORDER METHODS. Iterative analysis which
takes into accounts the effects of deformed geometry are called SECOND ORDER
ANALYSIS.

In addition to secondary moments caused by member deformation (P-d), additional


secondary moments (P-D) are present when one member translates with respect to the
other.

Hence the distribution of moments in the member is a combination of the primary


moment, P-d and P-D moments. This behaviour is very much true for an unbraced
frame or what is known as the moment frame.

AISC METHODS (AISC SPECIFICATION CHAPTER C, "DESIGN FOR STABILITY"

1. DIRECT ANALYSIS METHOD


Effective Length factor K=1
Member stiffnesses are reduced
2. EFFECTIVE LENGTH METHOD
K is determined based on stiffness
Member stiffnesses are not reduced
3. FIRST ORDER ANALYSIS METHOD
Effective Length factor K=1
Member stiffnesses are not reduced
MOMENT AMPLIFICATION METHOD

- accounts for the effect of secondary moment by multiplying an amplification factor on


the first order moments.

Consider a simply supported beam-column with an axial load and an initial crookedness
yo shown below.

where

Define

where

Substitute in eqn 1
Rearranging

Apply Boundary Conditions

BC1 and BC2

For the Homogenous Solution

Apply BC1

Apply BC2

For the Particular Solution

Sub eqn 4 in eqn 3


where

Therefore

Sub eqn 5 in eqn 2

The maximum moment occurs at L/2, hence


For LRFD P=Pu, hence the amplification factor considering LRFD form is
GENERAL LOADING CASE

Consider the case in which the lateral loading w(z) in combination with any end
moments M1 and M2, constitute the primary bending moment Mi which is a function of z

The total moment Mz at an arbitrary location z from the left support is given by

Note the change of axis x to z

Dividing by EI and rearranging

Differentiating twice we have

Also from eqn 7 (in terms of total moment)

Substituting
Let

The solution for the homogenous form of the above NHDE is

The maximum value of Mz may be found by differentiating wrt z and


setting to 0

For ordinary loading cases the last expression in the above equation is zero
in which case the following expressions may be established

and substitution of the sine and cosine values in eqn 8 will yield

Note: The above equation must be modified if is not zero.


CASE 1. Unequal End Moments without transverse loading

Recall the NHDE eqn 7c

becomes a homogenous equation (RHS equals zero) since

where

that is

Similarly Mzmax in eqn 9 becomes


since f1(z)=0 and the constants A and B may be evaluated from eqn 8 without the
term f1(z)

Hence applying boundary conditions

and

so that

Maximize Mz will yield to a maximum value of


CASE 2. With transverse loading, zero end moments

The primary moment Mi base on the general loading condition is

Differentiating twice the above equation wrt z we get

Here f1(z) is not equal to zero hence the particular solution is required

Substituting the particular solution in eqn 7c

Equating terms with equal order of polynomial in z


Hence eqn 8 becomes

Applying boundary conditions

Hence from equation 9

where
CASE 3. Equal End Moments without transverse loading
(Special case of case 1)

SIMPLIFIED TREATMENT (GENERAL LOADING CASE)


Using Area-Moment Theorem on deflection concepts, The portion of the midspan
deflection say y1 due to the secondary bending moment, equals the moment of the M/EI
diagram between the support and the midspan taken about the support.

Take

This is consistent with the previous derivation eqn 6

Hence

where

Equating the two expression for Mzmax


where

Note : Applicable for usual cases of single curvature


AISC Simple Approximation for Cm

The concept of equivalent moment Me is shown in figure below

Solving Me in terms of M2 by equating Mzmax noting that M=Me we get


Also Mzmax may be express in terms of amplification factor

and

Therefore

Note: Does not consider Lateral Torsional Buckling


Does not fully cover the double curvature cases where M1/M2 lies from -0.5 to -1.0
AISC uses a simple equation as shown below

AISC SIMPLE EQUATION FOR BRACED COLUMNS (no translation)

Note that AISC uses bending moments signs for M1/M2 rather than rotation.

Note that for unbraced columns (with lateral translation) Cm=1.


Problem : Solve Magnification Factor B1

CASE 2. With transverse loading, zero end moments

Solution

Using Differential Equation Method

Note

Using Approximate Solution


Using AISC Formula

Using MathCAD Plot Function

Differential Equation

Approximate Equation

AISC Formula
Table of Values for Amplification factors

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