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Workability

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24 views3 pages

Workability

Uploaded by

sujanchaulagain29
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WORKABILITY

• It is the property of freshly prepared concrete which determines the ease and
homogeneity with which it can be mixed, placed, compacted and finished.
• Higher is the workability greater is the ease for these processes.
The following are the factors which affect the workability of concrete
1. Water content: With increase in water content the workability increases
2. Size of aggregate: Concrete with larger size of aggregate is more workable for given
aggregate
3. Shape of aggregate : Concrete with rounded aggregate is most and with angular
aggregate is least workable provided other conditions remain same
4. Surface texture of aggregate : Smooth and glossy aggregate have higher workability
while granular and porous aggregate have lower workability.
5. Air entrainment : Air entrainment increases workability.
6. Temperature : Workability reduces at high temperature, because in high temperature
the concrete dries too quickly and has to be placed and compacted soon which decreases
the ease of working.
7. Aggregate cement ratio: Increase in aggregate cement ratio, decrease in workability. In a
lean concrete, paste available for lubrication of per unit surface are of aggregates will be
less and hence the workability is reduced.
8. Time of transit: - More time of transit, less will be workability.
9. Grading of aggregate: - proper grading, increases workability.
10. W/C ratio: - Workability is directly proportional to w/c.

Some test for Workability


1. Slump Test
2. Compaction Factor Test
3. Vee-Bee Test
4. Flow Test

Segregation
Segregation means the separation of fresh concrete resulting in a non-uniform mix. More
specifically, this implies some separation of the coarse aggregate from mortar.in case of concrete
it is the due to the difference in specific gravity of the mix constituent that are primary cause of
segregation.
The tendency to segregate can be minimized by
1. Reducing the height of drop of the concrete.
2. Reducing the vibration over a longer time, as a course aggregate tends to settle to the
bottom and the scum rises to the surface. This formation of scum is called laitance.
3. Not using vibration as a means of spreading a head of concrete into a level mass over a
large area.

Bleeding
Bleeding means the concentration of water at certain portions of the concrete. This is also called
water gain in which some of the water in the mix tends to rise to the surface of freshly placed
concrete.
In other words, the separation of cement paste from the mix in case of lean and wet mixes is
term as bleeding.
This is caused by the inability of the solid constituents of the mix to hold all of the mixing water
when they settle downloads.
Bleeding may create capillary channels increasing the permeability of concrete.

TEST PROCEDURE. (ASTM C 232)


 A sample of concrete is placed and consolidated in a container 250mm diameter and
280mm height. The bleed water accumulated on the surface is withdrawn at 10 minutes
interval during first 40 minutes and thereafter at 30 minutes interval.
 Bleeding is expressed in terms of the amount of accumulated water as the percentage of
net mixing water in the sample.

Causes of Bleeding
1. Poorly graded aggregate: - it can be corrected by increasing sand content and air entraint
concrete as substitute for fine materials
2. High workability mixes: - provide high workability with uperplasticizer rather than high
water content.

Water cement ratio


w/c is an index of strength of concrete. The strength of cement paste increases with increase
with cement content while decrease with water and air content.
For a fully compacted concrete at a given age and normal temperature, its strength is taken
to be inversely proportional to water cement ratio.
• W/C is responsible for
 Strength of concrete.
 Porosity of concrete.
• For proper workability, w/c varies from 0.4-0.6.
• For complete hydration, the water requirement is 38%.
• Despite this a minimum water cement ratio of 0.4 is necessary to prohibit the
phenomena of honeycombing, improper consistency and workability.
• At w/c more than 0.6, porosity increases and strength reduces.

Abram's water cement ratio


• In 1918, Abrams' law states that 'assuming full compaction, and at a given age and
normal temperature “strength of concrete can be taken to be inversely proportional to
the water/cement ratio"
x
S= A /B
• where x=¿ water/cement ratio by volume and for 28 days results the constants A and B
are 96 N /mm 2 and 7 respectively.
• Strength of concrete primarily depends upon the strength of cement paste.
• The strength of paste increases with cement
content and decreases with air and water content.
• This law is valid for plastic concrete.

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