Year 10 Semester One Revision Sheet 3 ANSWERS

1. Complete this table.

Nuclide Protons Neutrons Electrons Atomic Mass Name

Number Number
Symbol
56
26 Fe
26 30 26 26 56 Iron-56
23
11 Na+ 11 12 10 11 23 Sodium ion
195
78 Pt 78 117 78 78 195 Platinum-
195
80
35 Br 35 45 35 35 80 Bromine-80
40
20 Ca2+ 20 20 18 20 40 Calcium-40
ion
197
79 Au 3+ 79 118 76 79 197 Gold(III)-197
ion
56
26 Fe2+ 26 30 24 26 56 Iron(II)-56
ion

2. Draw Bohr models (atoms with electron shells) of the following species.
a. Carbon atom

b. Potassium atom

Page | 1
 c. Potassium ion

3. Complete this table by stating the electron configuration of these species. The
first one has been done for you.

Species Symbol Electron Configuration

Aluminium Al 2, 8, 3
Aluminium ion Al3+ 2, 8
Argon Ag 2, 8, 8
Beryllium ion Be2+ 2
Calcium Ca 2, 8, 8, 2
Calcium ion Ca2+ 2, 8, 8
Helium He 2
Hydrogen H 1
Lithium ion Li+ 2
Magnesium ion Mg2+ 2, 8
Nitride ion N3- 2, 8
Oxide ion O2- 2, 8
Oxygen O 2, 6
Potassium K 2, 8, 8, 1

4. Complete these sentences about the different types of chemical bonds.

All chemical bonds involve ____electrostatic ____ attraction between

positive and negative particles. Metallic bonds involve electrostatic attraction
between metal cations and ____delocalised___ ____electrons___. Metallic
bonds are found in metals such as gold, iron and sodium. Covalent bonds
involve electrostatic attraction between non-metal atoms and shared valence
electrons. Covalent bonds are found in water and hydrogen molecules.
Ionic bonds involve electrostatic attraction between __positive__ and
negative __ions_____, such as in sodium chloride.

Page | 2
5. Following is a diagram of an atom.

a. Complete this table for the labelled structures on the diagram.

Label on Name Charge Mass

Diagram
B Proton +1 1

C Neutron 0 1

D Electron -1 1
1836

b. Identify structure A on the diagram and state what is found here.

It is the nucleus; it contains the protons and neutrons.

c. Identify E and state how many electrons it can contain.

It is the first electron shell; it can hold two electrons.

d. State the nuclide symbol of this atom.

2
1 H

6. Complete this table by stating the names corresponding to each formula.

Formula Name
N2O4 Dinitrogen tetroxide
Al2S3 Aluminium sulfide
Ca(OH)2 Calcium hydroxide
H2O Water
NH3 Ammonia
Ca3(PO4)2 Calcium phosphate

Page | 3
 NI3 Nitrogen triiodide

7. Complete this table by giving the formula of each named substance. Also
classify each substance as monoatomic, covalent molecular, covalent
network, metallic or ionic.

Name Formula Type of Type/s of

Substance Bonds
Present
Ammonia NH3 Covalent molecular Covalent
Argon Ar Monoatomic No bonds
Calcium nitride Ca3N2 Ionic Ionic
Carbon dioxide CO2 Covalent molecular Covalent
Carbon monoxide CO Covalent molecular Covalent
Cobalt Co Metallic Metallic
Copper(II) CuCO3 Ionic Ionic and
carbonate covalent
Diamond C Covalent network Covalent
Dinitrogen N2O5 Covalent molecular Covalent
pentoxide
Graphite C Covalent network Covalent
Iron Fe Metallic Metallic
Lithium sulfate Li2SO4 Ionic Ionic and
covalent
Manganese Mn Metallic Metallic
Neon Ne Monoatomic No bonds
Potassium KBr Ionic Ionic
bromide
Potassium KHCO3 Ionic Ionic and
hydrogen covalent
carbonate
Silicon Si Covalent network Covalent
Silicon dioxide SiO2 Covalent network Covalent
Sodium Na Metallic Metallic
Sodium ethanoate NaCH3COO Ionic Ionic and
covalent
Sulfur dioxide SO2 Covalent molecular Covalent
Sulfur trioxide SO3 Covalent molecular Covalent

Page | 4
8. Explain in terms of atomic structure and bonding the physical properties of
diamond and graphite.

Diamond is a covalent network substance. It consists of a gigantic

three-dimensional network of carbon atoms, where each carbon
atom is bonded in three dimensions to four other carbon atoms.
Because each carbon atom is held rigidly in place by strong
covalent bonds in three dimensions diamond is extremely hard
with a very high melting point. Because there are no mobile
charged particles, either ions or electrons, diamond does not
conduct electricity.
Graphite is also a covalent network substance. Graphite consists
of flat, one-atom thick layers of carbon atoms where each carbon
atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms. Graphite also has a
very high melting point because of the strong covalent bonds,
however because there are only weak forces of attraction between
the layers, the layers can slip over each other, making graphite
slippery. Graphite has delocalised electrons and therefore can
conduct electricity.

9. Explain why metals are malleable but ionic substances are not.

In metals metal cations are held in place by metallic bonds i.e.

they are held in place by their mutual electrostatic attraction for
delocalised electrons. When a force, such as from a hammer
striking the metal, displaces metal cations, the metal cations are
still surrounded by delocalised electrons so there are still metallic
bonds to hold the metal cations in place.
Ionic substances consist of ions held in place by electrostatic
attraction between oppositely-charged ions. When ions are
displaced, for instance after the substance is struck with a
hammer, ions with the same charge can end up adjacent to each
other. These like charges repel each other and crack the ionic
substance.

Page | 5