TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................... 1

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS .............................................................. 2
Chapter 1 ............................................................................................... 8
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 8
1.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 8
1.2 Project Idea .................................................................................................. 8
1.3 Purpose of the Project .................................................................................. 9
Chapter 2 ............................................................................................. 10
LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................... 10
2.1 Background Theory ................................................................................... 10
2.2 Related Technologies ................................................................................. 10
2.3 Related Projects ......................................................................................... 10
2.4 Related Studies/Research ........................................................................... 10
2.5 Limitations and Bottlenecks of the Existing Work .................................... 10
Chapter 3 ............................................................................................. 11
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK ........................................... 11
REFERENCES ................................................................................... 12

1
 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
[All the information provided in this section is regarding the format of the
project report. Read it carefully and make sure that your report is according to
the required format. For your ease, the format is not only explained but also has
been demonstrated with proper font, font size, style and other formatting
requirements.]

Once the project/research work is complete, students are required to submit two hard
bound copies of project report. The report should be around 60 pages or according to
the limits set forth by your supervisor.

Contents/chapters of the Project Report should be in the format and order as given in
this document. Initially, we will discuss all the format requirements of the project
report. Then the contents to be included in the report will be briefly discussed

1.1 Formatting
The single-sided, normal character spaced manuscript is to be arranged as follows:

The preferred font is Times New Roman; acceptable font size is 12; different
typefaces (e.g., italics) may be used only to show differences in captions and special
text. Starting from chapter 1, the line spacing must be 1.5 whereas the spacing both
before and after paragraph must be 6 points. For all the pages before “Chapter 1” e.g.
Table of Contents, Abstract, Declaration etc, Line spacing should be single i.e.1.

1.2 Chapter Heading

Chapters and section numbering should be same as given in Table of Contents.
Chapter should begin with ‘Chapter XX’ on the first line, in font size 18, Sentence
Case, left aligned and bold. Here XX refers to the chapter number. Spacing before
‘Chapter XX’ should be 6 points and after should be 24 points.

The following line should contain ‘CHAPTER HEADING TITLE’, all Upper case,
font size 18, center aligned and bold. Spacing before ‘CHAPTER HEADING TITLE’
should be 6 points and after should be 24 points.

1.3 Section Heading

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Font size 16, Bold, Title case, left-aligned, spacing before and after 6 points.

1.3.1 Sub-Section Heading

Font size 14, Title case, left-aligned, spacing before and after 6 points.

1.3.1.1 Sub-Sub-Section Heading

Font size 12, Underlined, Sentence case, left-aligned, spacing before and after 6
points.

If (Code has to be included)

{
Use ‘Courier New’ with font size 10.
Use single line spacing and the spacing before and after the
paragraphs should be ‘0’ points.
}

1.4 Print Quality

Use laser printers or minimum 600 dpi inkjet printers.

1.4.1 Margins and Pagination

Left Margin 1.5 inches from the edge of paper.

Gutter 0 inches.

Top Margin 1 inch from edge of paper.

Bottom Margin 1.2 inches from edge of paper.

Right Margin 1 inch from edge of paper.

Pages before Chapter 1 must have lower case Roman numerals, right aligned ½ inch
from bottom of page, starting with the ‘Copyright’ page that is numbered “ii”. Title
page is unnumbered, but is implied as number “i”.

First page of text uses the Arabic number “1” and pages thereafter carry consecutive
Arabic numbers, including the pages in the Appendices and the Bibliography. Arabic
numbers are positioned in the bottom right-hand corner, ½ inch from the bottom and
one inch in from the right edge of the paper.

Note: If required, footer can be used to provide any additional information in font size 10.

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1.5 Equations
Equations and formulas should preferably be type-written in good quality word-
processing or graphics package.

All equations should be numbered in the format ‘(XX.YY)’ where ‘XX’ is chapter
number and ‘YY’ is the sequence number within that chapter; e.g. equation appearing
seventh in chapter two will be numbered as ‘(Eq 2.7)’.
2
 Vgs 
I ds  I dss 1 
   tanh( Vds ) (1  Vds )
(1   e ) (VT  VT   Vds ) 
Vgs

where (Eq 1.1)
2
qN d a 2 L
VT  and VT  VT G
2 s 3 a

1.6 References and Citation

The guidelines for citing electronic information as offered below are a modified
illustration of the adaptation by the IEEE documentation system and the style.

In all references, the given name of the author or editor is abbreviated to the initial
only and precedes the last name. Use them all; use et al. only if names are not given.
Use commas around Jr., Sr., and III in names. Abbreviate conference titles. When
citing IEEE transactions, provide the issue number, page range, volume number, year,
and/or month if available. When referencing a patent, provide the day and the month
of issue, or application. References may not include all information; please obtain and
include relevant information. Do not combine references. There must be only one
reference with each number. If there is a URL included with the print reference, it can
be included at the end of the reference.

Other than books, capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for proper
nouns and element symbols. For papers published in translation journals, please give
the English citation first, followed by the original foreign-language citation See the
end of this document for formats and examples of common references. For a complete
discussion of references and their formats, see “The IEEE Style Manual,” available
as a PDF link off the Author Digital Toolbox main page.

4
Basic format for books:
[1] J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of His Published Book, xth ed.
City of Publisher, Country if not
[2] USA: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch. x, sec. x, pp. xxx–xxx.

Examples:
[3] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics,” in Plastics, 2nd ed.,
vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15–64.
[4] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1993,
pp. 123–135.

Basic format for reports:

[5] J. K. Author, “Title of report,” Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State,
Rep. xxx, year.

Examples:
[6] E. E. Reber, R. L. Michell, and C. J. Carter, “Oxygen absorption in the earth’s
atmosphere,” Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, CA, Tech. Rep. TR-0200 (4230-46)-
3, Nov. 1988.
[7] J. H. Davis and J. R. Cogdell, “Calibration program for the 16-foot antenna,”
Elect. Eng. Res. Lab., Univ. Texas, Austin, Tech. Memo. NGL-006-69-3, Nov.
15, 1987.

Basic format for handbooks:

[8] Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed., Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev.
State, year, pp. xxx-xxx.

Examples:
[9] Transmission Systems for Communications, 3rd ed., Western Electric Co.,
Winston-Salem, NC, 1985, pp. 44–60.
[10] Motorola Semiconductor Data Manual, Motorola Semiconductor Products
Inc., Phoenix, AZ, 1989.

Basic format for journals (when available online):

[11] Author. (year, month). Title. Journal. [Type of medium]. volume (issue),
pages. Available: site/path/file
Example:
[12] R. J. Vidmar. (1992, Aug.). On the use of atmospheric plasmas as
electromagnetic reflectors. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. [Online]. 21(3), pp. 876–
880. Available: http://www.halcyon.com/pub/journals/21ps03-vidmar

Basic format for papers presented at conferences (when available online):

[13] Author. (year, month). Title. Presented at Conference title. [Type of
Medium]. Available: site/path/file
Example:

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[14] PROCESS Corp., MA. Intranets: Internet technologies deployed behind
the firewall for corporate productivity. Presented at
INET96 Annual Meeting. [Online]. Available:
http://home.process.com/Intranets/wp2.htp
Basic format for reports and handbooks (when available online):
[15] Author. (year, month). Title. Comp an y . C ity, State or Country.
[Type of Medium]. Available: site/path/file

Example:
[16] S . L. T a l l e e n . ( 1 99 6 , A p r . ) . T h e In t r a n e t A r ch i -tecture: M a
nagi n g i n f o rm at i o n i n t h e n e w paradigm. Amdahl Corp., CA. [Online].
Available: http://www.amdahl.com/doc/products/bsg/intra/infra/html

Basic format for computer programs and electronic documents (when available
online):
ISO recommends that capitalization follow the accepted practice for the language or
script in which the information is given.

Example:
[17] A. Harriman. (1993, June). Compendium of genealogical software.
Humanist. [Online]. Available e-mail: HUMANIST@NYVM.ORG Message: get
GENEALOGY REPORT

Basic format for patents (when available online):

[18] Name of the invention, by inventor’s name. (year, month day). Patent Number
[Type of medium]. Available: site/path/file

Example:
[19] Musical toothbrush with adjustable neck and mirror, by L.M.R. Brooks. (1992,
May 19). Patent D 326 189
[Online]. Available: NEXIS Library: LEXPAT File: DESIGN

Basic format for conference proceedings (published):

[20] J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” in Abbreviated Name of Conf., City of Conf.,
Abbrev. State (if given), year, pp. xxxxxx.
Example:
[21] D. B. Payne and J. R. Stern, “Wavelength-switched pas- sively coupled single-
mode optical network,” in Proc. IOOC-ECOC, 1985,
pp. 585–590.
Example for papers presented at conferences (unpublished):
[22] D. Ebehard and E. Voges, “Digital single sideband detection for
interferometric sensors,” presented at the 2nd Int. Conf. Optical Fiber Sensors,
Stuttgart, Germany, Jan. 2-5, 1984.
Basic format for patents:
[23] J. K. Author, “Title of patent,” U.S. Patent x xxx xxx, Abbrev. Month, day,
year.

6
Example:
[24] G. Brandli and M. Dick, “Alternating current fed power supply,”
U.S. Patent 4 084 217, Nov. 4, 1978.

Basic format for theses (M.S.) and dissertations (Ph.D.):

[25] J. K. Author, “Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City
of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.
[26] J. K. Author, “Title of dissertation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Abbrev. Dept.,
Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., Abbrev. State, year.

Examples:
[27] J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng.,
Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, 1993.
[28] N. Kawasaki, “Parametric study of thermal and chemical nonequilibrium
nozzle flow,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron. Eng., Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan, 1993.

Basic format for the most common types of unpublished references:

[29] J. K. Author, private communication, Abbrev. Month, year.
[30] J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” unpublished.
[31] J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” to be published.

Examples:
[32] A. Harrison, private communication, May 1995.
[33] B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms,” unpublished.
[34] A. Brahms, “Representation error for real numbers in binary computer
arithmetic,” IEEE Computer Group Repository, Paper R-67-85.

Basic format for standards:

[35] Title of Standard, Standard number, date.

Examples:
[36] IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.
[37] Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968.

1.8 Appendices
Title = ‘APPENDIX AA’ where ‘AA’ corresponds to A, B, C.... in sequential order,
font size 18, left-aligned, starting from line 1 of page.
Numbering will continue from references in a sequential order; e.g. if last page of
references is page 182, Appendix A will start from page 183 and so forth.
The text in appendices should be with single line spacing, and with 12 font size.
Solutions to some equations or Author’s publications or a list of publications arising
from MS work can be included in an appendix.

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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

The introduction chapter of your project report is the one in which you provide all of
the basic information that the reader will need to understand the report which is to
follow. Such things as the background of your research, how you came to research
your topic, what your topic is and how it relates to the world around it, and what kind
of general principles and methodology you will be using to research your topic and
evaluate your hypothesis, are all aspects of what you will cover in the introduction
chapter.

1.1 Overview
To start writing your introduction chapter, first come up with a simple one sentence
summary of the goal of your research. The reader will come to the first chapter of
your project report expecting a statement of purpose. This statement should tell the
reader what the topic of the thesis/project is and what you hope to achieve. Then
elaborate the statement a little and explain it briefly [1].

1.2 Project Idea

Now tell the reader what your hypothesis is, as well as your basic reasons for
believing in the hypothesis. How does your knowledge of the reality of the field make
you lean towards one hypothesis or another? Explain to the reader how you will be
able to prove or disprove the hypothesis that you set out with through the course of
your research/work. Talk about any particular relevant issues that could affect the
course of the research, or any basic questions or problems that people might have
regarding the topic and how you will go about your research process. Try to anticipate
how people will react to your hypothesis and make sure that you are able to start your
project on a strong heading. It may be best to have the opening paragraph of your
report reviewed before you embark on the research process, to make sure that you are
on the right track (or at least that the track makes sense to others) before you set off
and put a lot of effort into collecting data.

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1.3 Purpose of the Project
Next, you can talk about the background of the project. How did you choose the
project? What kind of greater historical context does the research that you are
engaged in exist within? You may want to talk about any related experiments or
research that specific people have done in the past, including landmark research cases
which are related to the topic at hand. This gives the reader a sense of how your
research fits into the greater scheme of things, and lets the reader compare what you
are about to present to the research which they may or may not already be familiar
with from leading figures in the history of the field.

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Chapter 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter will include all of you work before starting the core of your report. What
you studied and why you studied that particular article/paper or book.

2.1 Background Theory

Give detailed overview of the concepts and technologies used in proposed project.

2.2 Related Technologies

Describe what other technologies are related to your project work.

2.3 Related Projects

Projects already done or currently being done related to your work [2].

Give details of two related projects.

2.4 Related Studies/Research

In what direction other researchers from your field are working. What is hot in
research these days and what is not? [3].

2.5 Limitations and Bottlenecks of the Existing Work

Whatever you discussed above, discuss their limitations and bottlenecks so that the
reader becomes aware of what needs to be done in this research area [4].

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Chapter 3

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

What is the strongest and most important statement that you can make from your
observations? If you met the reader at a meeting six months from now, what do you
want them to remember about your paper? Refer back to problem posed, and describe
the conclusions that you reached from carrying out this investigation, summarize new
observations, new interpretations, and new insights that have resulted from the present
work. Include the broader implications of your results. Make sure you do not repeat
word for word of any part of project report above.

What your recommendations would be to someone who wants to carry on with your
work where you left it or wants to improve it.

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 REFERENCES

[1] P. Kocher, "Security as a new dimension in embedded system design," in

Proceedings of the 41st annual Design Automation Conference, 2004.
[2] S. Chattopadhyay, Embedded System Design, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, 2013.
[3] J. Washigton. W. Ares. S. Henkel, "On-chip networks: A scalable,
communication-centric embedded system design paradigm," in Proceedings.
17th International Conference on. IEEE, 2004.
[4] A. Gotham. M. Nelson. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, "Embedded system design for
automotive applications," in IEEE Computer , 2007.
[5] P. Arató, "Hardware-software partitioning in embedded system design," in
IEEE International Symposium on. IEEE, 2003.
[6] "Atmel Studio, Atmel" [Online]. Available:
http://www.atmel.com/products/microcontrollers/8051architecture/default.aspx.
[Accessed 21 October 2016].
[7] D. Devis. F. Gajski, "Specification and design of embedded hardware-software
systems," in IEEE Design & Test of Computers , 1995.

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