Introduction to Computing

Lecture 4

Hamza Arif

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 Standard Input Devices
Keyboard
 A computer keyboard is an input device used to enter characters and
functions into the computer system by pressing buttons, or keys. It is
the primary device used to enter text. A keyboard typically contains
keys for individual letters, numbers and special characters, as well as
keys for specific functions

 Mouse
 The mouse is a small, movable device that lets you control a range
of things on a computer. Most types of mouse have two buttons,
and some will have a wheel in between the buttons. Most types of
mouse connect to the computer with a cable, and use the
computer's power to work. Some types of mouse are wireless.

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Touch screen
 A touch screen is a computer display
screen that is sensitive to human touch,
allowing a user to interact with the
computer by touching pictures or words
on the screen.

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Standard Keyboard
 The QWERTY (pronounced KWEHR-tee) keyboard is the
standard typewriter and computer keyboard in countries
that use a Latin-based alphabet. QWERTY refers to the
first six letters on the upper row of the keyboard.
 The standard keyboard has from 80 to 84 keys.
The standard keyboard layout of letters, numbers,
and punctuation

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Standard Keyboard Layout
 IBM Enhanced Keyboard with 101 keys

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 Five Groups of Keys
 Alphanumeric Keys
 Modifier Keys
 Numeric Keypad
 Function Keys
 Cursor Movement keys

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Alphanumeric Keys
 In computing alphanumeric keys are
simply keys on your keyboard that
consist of all letters and numbers and
some different symbols. These keys
include all letters starting from A leading
to Z and numbers from 0 to 9.
Sometimes called QWERTY
 Keys having specific functions
 Tab

 Caps Lock

 Backspace

 Enter

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Modifier Keys
 Shift
 Alt (Alternate)
 Ctrl (Control)
 Modify the input of other keys

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 Numeric Keypad
 usually located on the
right side of the
keyboard,
 Has 10 digits and
mathematical operators
(+, -, *, and /).
 also features a
NumLock key
 On - forces the numeric
keys to input numbers.
 Off - perform cursor
movement control and
other functions.
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Function Keys
 labeled F l, F2, and so on
 in a row along the top of the keyboard.
 allow you to input commands without
typing long strings of characters or
navigating menus or dialog boxes.
 Each key's purpose depends on the
program you are using.
 Many programs use function keys
along with modifier keys to give the
function keys more capabilities.
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Cursor Movement Keys
 let you move around the screen without
using a mouse.
 Cursor is a mark on the screen
indicates where the characters you type
will be entered
 Arrow Keys
 Home and End
 PgUp and PgDn

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Special Purpose Keys
 Esc (Escape)
 Insert
 Delete
 PrtSc (Print Screen)
 ScrLk (Scroll Lock)

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Internet and Multimedia Controls
 One of the latest trends is the addition of Internet
and multimedia controls.
 Microsoft's Internet Keyboard and MultiMedia
Keyboard,
 e.g. you can use the buttons to launch a Web browser,
check e-mail and start your most frequently used
programs.
 Multimedia buttons
 control the computer’s CD-ROM or DVD drive
 adjust the speaker volume

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How Keyboard Works
 Key is pressed on keyboard
 Keyboard controller detects a key press
 Keeps the code in its memory, Keyboard
buffer
 Code represents the key pressed
 Controller notifies the operating system
via an interrupt
 Operating system responds the
interrupt by the reading the code from
buffer
 OS passes the code to CPU
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Dvorak Keyboards
 For people who type with one hand or
finger
 Reduce the amount of motion required to
type common English text
 Increase typing rate
 Reduced errors
 But Qwerty is still popular

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Dvorak Keyboards

• Both Hands

• Left Hand

• Right Hand

http://www.microsoft.com/enable/products/altkeyboard.aspx
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QWERTY Keyboard Layout

Latham Sholes' 1878 QWERTY

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Software or Virtual Keyboards
 is a software component that allows a
user to enter characters.
 usually be operated with multiple input
devices,
 Touch screen,
 Actual keyboard and
 Mouse.

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Foldable Keyboards
 made of soft plastic or silicone
which can be rolled or folded
on itself for travel
 When in use, these keyboards
can conform to uneven
surfaces, and
 are more resistant to liquids
than standard keyboards.
 connected to portable devices
and smart phones.
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Projection Keyboard
 project an image of keys, usually with a
laser, onto a flat surface.
 The device then uses a camera or infrared
sensor to "watch" where the user's fingers
move
 Projection keyboards can simulate a full
size keyboard from a very small projector.

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Wireless Keyboard
 A wireless keyboard is a computer keyboard that allows
the user to communicate with computers, tablets, or
laptops with the help of radio frequency (RF), such as
WiFi and Bluetooth or with infrared (IR) technology. It is
common for wireless keyboards available these days to
be accompanied by a wireless mouse.

 A wireless keyboard may use an industry standard RF,

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The Mouse
 A computer mouse is a handheld
hardware input device that controls a cursor in
a GUI (graphical user interface) for pointing,
moving and selecting text, icons, files,
and folders on your computer. In addition to
these functions, a mouse can also be used
to drag-and-drop objects and give you access
to the right-click menu.

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Five Techniques of using Mouse
 1) Pointing :Move the mouse to move the on-screen
pointer. Clicking selects the object
 2) Clicking :Press and release the left mouse button
once.
 3) Double-Clicking :Press and release the left mouse butt
 4) Dragging :Hold down the left mouse button as you
move the pointer. Releasing an object is a drop
 5) Right-Clicking :Press and release the right mouse
button. Right clicking activates the shortcut menu

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Variants of the Mouse
 Trackballs
 Upside down mouse
 Hand rests on the ball
 User moves the ball
 Uses little desk space
 Mostly two buttons
 Can be configured for both
 right-handed and
 Left-handed use

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Track Pads
 Stationary pointing
device
 Small plastic
rectangle
 Finger moves
across the pad
 Pointer moves with
the pointer
 Popular on laptops

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 Track Point
 Track point
 Little joystick on the
keyboard between
G, H & B keys
 Move pointer by
moving the joystick
 Two buttons
beneath Spacebar
same as mouse
 Save great of time
and effort

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 Summary
 Standard input devices
 Standard Keyboard
 Five groups of Keys
 How Keyboard works ?
 Dvorak Keyboard
 Non standard layout and Special Use
 The Mouse
 Five Techniques of using Mouse
 Variants of Mouse
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 Recommended Websites
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_keyboard
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_Keys
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorded_keyboard
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_Keyboard
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexible_electronics
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projection_keyboard
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_technology
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_mouse
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trackball
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_mouse
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track_point
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