Indian Maritime University

(A Central University, Govt of India)

End Semester Examinations – December 2023

Programme Name: DNS

Semester: II

Subject Code: UD11T5204

Subject Name: Ship Construction and Ship Stability – II

Date: Max Marks: 70

Duration: 03 Hours Pass Marks: 35
General Instructions

(i) All Questions in all Sections (A, B & C) are compulsory.

(ii) Use of non-Programmable Scientific Calculator and M.V. Hindship
Stability particulars booklet are permitted.

Section A
(Questions in this Section are of 1 mark each)
Choose the correct option: ( 10 x 1 mark each = 10 marks)

Q 1. Centre of Flotation is the geometric center of............................of the ship.

a. total volume
b. underwater volume
c. water plane area
d. underwater area

Q 2. The minimum bore of the sounding pipe must be mm.

a. 18 mm
b. 32 mm
c. 60 mm
d. 65 mm

Q 3. At 'Angle of Loll', the value of GZ (righting lever) is …................

a. maximum
b. positive
c. zero
d. negative
Q 4. Frame numbers shown in all the plans are numbered from
a. Forward to aft
b. Aft to forward
c. Midships towards forward & aft
d. Centreline to port & starboard

Q 5. Capsizing Moment on a heeled ship, will be caused if ….............

a. KG is more than KB
b. KG is less than KM
c. KG is more than KM
d. KM is more than BM

Q 6. Longitudinal framing in double bottoms is mandatory for vessels of more than

a. 100m in length
b. 120m in length
c. 12m in breadth
d. 20m in breadth

Q 7. KB for a triangular cross-section vessel (apex down) will be …..............

a. 1/3 the draft

b. 1/2 the depth
c. 2/3rd of depth
d. 2/3rd of draft

Q 8. The "margin plate" is the .

a. outboard strake of plating on each side of double bottom tank.
b. outer strake of plating on each side of the main deck of a vessel
c. a part of bottom construction that join the floor and frame construction of
the ship
d. uppermost continuous strake of plating on the shell of a vessel

Q 9. Free Surface moment depends mostly on the:

a. Length of the tank.

b. Breadth of the tank.
c. Sounding of the tank.
d. Ullage of the tank.

Q 10. LBP is the distance measured along

a. Winter load line
b. Tropical Load line
c. Deck line
d. Summer Load line
 Section B

(Questions in this Section are of 2 marks each)

Write Short notes on the following: ( 5 x 2 marks each = 10 marks)

Q 11. Define floor and state its function on the ship.

Ans 11. Floors on a ship are structural element that are fitted at bottom part of the
ship. These are horizontal beams that are placed perpendicular to the keel and run
transversely from the continuous centre girder to the sides of the vessel and connect to
ship's frames. The purpose of floors is to distribute the weight of the ship and its cargo
evenly across the hull.

Q 12. Stiff vessel

Ans 12. A Stiff vessel is one with an unduly large GM for her type, size and nature.
Angle and period of roll is small. Rolling is violent and irregular and hence uncomfortable
for people on board. Severe stresses are set up on the hull and general cargo is likely to
break loose. Due to large GM she has more ability to withstand loss of GM due to fuel
and fresh water consumption and bilging.

Q 13. Pounding.

Ans 13. Pounding is part of dynamic stress and is caused by heavy and violent
pitching of the vessel at the forward part. This motion causes slamming onto the water
surface (trough) during rough seas. This manifestation is maximum when vessel is
heading into such seas and swell.
It is a stress that occurs to the fore end bottom structure, forward and aft of the
collision bulkhead. Precisely it is experienced in the region of 25% to 30% of the ship’s
length as measured from aft of the forward perpendicular. Pounding also causes
vibrational stress throughout the length & breadth of the vessel.

Q 14. Trim.

Ans 14. The difference between the drafts forward and aft, expressed in metres or in
centimetres, is called Trim. If the draft aft is greater than the draft forward, the ship is
said to be trimmed by stern. If the draft forward is greater than the draft aft, the ship is
said to be trimmed by head. If the drafts forward and aft are equal (if trim is zero), the
ship is said to be on even keel. Ships generally sail with a trim by stern, for better
steering qualities and speed.

Ans 15. List the two locations where can you find Fire Control Plan on board.
a. Alleyways
b. Near the gangways on either side in a metal cylinder. Flat bar Plate
 Section C

(Questions in this Section are of 10 marks each)

Answer all questions:

Q 16. (a) A ship at port has displacement of 19617 tons and KG=7.27m. A weight of
500 tons is shifted from lower hold (Kg=5.0m) to Upper deck Kg=13.28m. Find the
final GM fluid if KM and FSC in the final condition are 8.43m and 0.07m.
(5 marks)
Upper deck Kg = 13.28m
Lower hold Kg = 5.00
Distance shifted ‘d’ = 8.28m

GG1 = wxd/W = 500x8.28/19617 = 0.21m

Original KG = 7.27m
GG1 (+) = 0.21m
Final KG = 7.48m
KM = 8.43m
Final GM solid=0.95m
FSC (-) = 0.07m
Final GM fluid= 0.88m

(b) Give at least 5 reasons for rise of COG, due to which a vessel may become
unstable.
(5 marks)

Ans 16. Reasons for rise in COG: (Atleast 5 required)

1. Free-surface effects in partially filled tanks.

2. Consumption of bunkers from double bottom tanks.
3. Consumption of fresh water from lower tanks.
4. Loading cargo in upper reaches of the vessel.
5. Raising of a weight from a deck using a mast and derrick.
6. Raising a weight low down in the ship to a higher position within the ship.
7. Water landing on the deck from the sea in heavy weather conditions.
8. Adding weight at a point above the ship’s initial overall VCG.
9. Discharging a weight at a point below the ship’s initial overall VCG.
10. Timber deck cargo becoming saturated due to bad weather conditions.
Q 17. Sketch and Label a profile view of a typical Gas Carrier.

Ans 17. Labelled profile view of a typical Gas Carrier

Q 18. M.V. ‘Hindship’ at a river port in water of RD 1.014 has a displacement of 10,230
t. GM (Fluid) 0.82m. FSC 0.077 m. She loads 470 t of cargo Kg 9.8 m. 150 t of water
ballast is run into No. 1 DB tank. Find her final GM (Fluid).
(10 marks)
Ans 18. M.V. ‘Hindship’ at a river port in water of RD 1.014

For Displacement 10,230 t in density 1,014.

Equivalent weight in salt water = 10,230×1.025
1.014
= 10340.9 t
(her displacement in SW when floating at the same draft).

GM (Fluid) = 0.820 m
FSC = 0.077 m
GM (solid) = 0.897 m

KM for displacement 10340.9 t in SW = 8.744 m

KG = KM – GM (Solid) = 8.744 – 0.897 = 7.847 m.............( 2 marks)

 Weights KG V. Moments
(t) (m) (tm)
Original displ. 10230 7.847 80274.8
Loaded (+) 470 9.8 (+) 4606.0
Ballast 1 DB (+) 150 1.14 (+) 171.0
Final Weight = 10850 Final V. Moments = 85051.8

Final KG = 850051.8 = 7.839 m........................................( 3 marks)

10850

Initial FSM = 0.077 × 10230 =787.7 tm.

FSM in 1 DB tank = 419 ×1.014 = 424.9 tm.
Final FSM = 787.7 + 424.9 = 1212.6 tm.
Final FSC = 1212.6 = 0.112 m........................................( 2 marks)
10850

For displacement 10850 t in density 1.014 equivalent weight in SW

= 10850 × 1.025 = 10967.7 t

1.014
KM for displacement 10967.7 t in SW = 8.607 m

Final KG =...7.839 m
Final GM (Solid) = 0.768 m
FSC = - 0.112 m
Final GM (Fluid) = 0.656 m................( 3 marks)

Q 19. Explain the following with reference to how are they caused, which part of the
ship is affected by them and what control measures are in place to counter them.
a) Panting (5 Marks)
b) Localised Loading (5 Marks)

a) Panting is the in and out, bellow

like, movement of the hull plating at the ends
of the vessel, caused due to the variable
water pressure as the vessel rides through
the waves at sea
Additional strengthening and stiffening is provide to the fore and aft peaks. Side
stringers spaced vertically about 2 meters apart and supported by struts or beams
fitted at alternate frames. These panting beams are connected to the frames by
brackets and if long, may be supported at the ship’s centre line by a partial wash
bulkhead.

(b) Localised loading: Localised loading

stresses are set up by local weights in a
ship, such as winches & windlass, cranes,
heavy lift cargo etc. Local strengthening is
introduced for fixed loads in way of
intermediate beams and frames. For heavy
lift cargo, proper dunnage arrangement
must be used to distribute the load to a
great area

Q 20. A ship of 13750 tons’ displacement, GM = 0.75 m, is listed 2.5° degrees to

starboard and has yet to load 250 tons of cargo. There is space available in each side
of No. 3 between deck (Centre of gravity, 6.1 m out from the Centre- line). Find how
much cargo to load on each side if the ship is to be upright on completion of loading
operation. (10 marks)

Ans 20.
Given : 3M

Initial LM = WxGMxTanø=13750x0.75xTan2.5°=13750x0.75x0.0437= 451 t-m 3 M

Let w tons be the cargo loaded on port side

Therefore, cargo on the stbd. side = 250-w tons

Weight dist. From CL Listing Moment

Port Stbd.
Initial LM 451 mt
No.3TD port w 6.1 6.1w
No.3TD stbd 250-w 6.1 (250-w)x6.

Final Listing moment 6.1w 1976-6.1w 2M

When vessel upright Port LM = Stbd. LM

6.1w = 1976-6.1w
w = 161.97
Therefore cargo load on NO.3TD port = 161.97 tons
Cargo to load on NO.3TD Stbd = 88.03 tons 2M