BRE

RdSAP10
Specification
February 2024

BRE
12/02/2024
RdSAP10 Specification (12th February 2024)

Table of Contents
Reduced Data SAP specification v.10 for existing dwellings (former appendix S) 3
1 Introduction 3
2 Definitions of the extent of the dwelling 5
2.1 Dwelling types 5
2.2 Extensions 6
2.3 Building elements having different construction 6
2.4 Walls (sheltered, alternative, party) 6
2.5 Curtain wall (type of main wall) 7
2.6 Basements 7
2.7 Rooms within a Mansard roof 7
2.8 Whole dwelling (or building part) within roof 7
2.9 Porches 8
2.10 Mezzanine floor 8
2.11 Extensions 8
2.12 Store room / utility room 8
2.13 Garages 8
2.14 Dwelling adjacent to commercial premises or other unheated space above 9
2.15 Sloping sites 9
2.16 Room in Roof (RR) 9
2.17 Stairwells and Corridors 10
2.18 Private access stairwell to a single dwelling 10
2.19 Park homes 10
3 Age bands 12
4 Areas and dimensions 13
4.1 Building elements 13
4.2 Extensions and Alternative walls 14
4.3 Adjustment to levels of storeys for houses and bungalows 14
4.4 Conversion to internal dimensions 14
4.5 Wall thickness 15
4.6 Heights and exposed wall areas 16
4.7 Door and window areas 16
4.8 Roof area 17
4.9 Room in Roof 17
4.10 Detailed measurements of roof room 21
4.11 Heat loss area for houses and bungalows 21
4.12 Heat loss floor area for flats and maisonettes 22
4.13 Sheltered walls for flats and maisonettes 22
5 Ventilation 24
5.1 Infiltration (SAP algorithm) 24
5.2 Provision of ventilation 27
6 Construction types and insulation (U-values) 28
6.1 Wall options 28
6.2 Wall types 28
6.3 U-value for walls, roofs, floors 29
6.4 Default U-values of external walls 29
6.5 U-values for Park home walls 35
6.6 U-values of uninsulated stone walls, age bands A to E 35
6.7 U-values for uninsulated brick walls, age bands A to E 35
6.8 U-value for insulated walls in age bands A to E 35
6.9 U-values of sheltered walls (adjacent to unheated corridor or stairwell) 36
6.10 U-values of party walls and walls adjacent to heated corridor and stairwell 37
6.11 U-values of roofs 37
6.12 U-values of floors next to the ground 41
6.13 U-values of exposed and semi-exposed upper floors 42
6.14 U-value of floor above a partially heated space 42

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6.15 Allowance for thermal bridging 42

6.16 Thermal Mass 43
6.17 Basement U-values 43
6.18 Curtain wall - U-value and other parameters 43
7 Conservatory 44
7.1 Non-separated conservatory 44
7.2 Separated conservatory. 44
8 Solar gains 44
9 Windows and doors 44
9.1 Draught proofing 44
9.2 Window U-values and g-values 44
9.3 Door U-values 46
10 Room count and living area 47
10.1 Room count (habitable room count) 47
10.2 Living area 47
11 Space and water heating (refer to SAP10.2 Appendix A) 48
11.1 Main space heating system(s) 48
11.2 Two main heating systems 48
11.3 Space heating controls 48
11.4 Secondary heating 48
11.5 Water heating 49
11.6 Back boilers 49
11.7 No water heating system 50
11.8 Solar water heating 50
11.9 Flue gas heat recovery 50
11.10 Waste water heat recovery 50
11.11 Space and water heating assumptions 50
12 Additional items 53
12.1 Photovoltaics 53
12.2 PV diverters and PV batteries 53
12.3 Wind turbine 53
12.4 Small scale hydro generators 53
12.5 Shutters and blinds 53
12.6 Special features (Appendix Q technologies) 54
12.7 Technical Notes 54
12.8 Terrain 54
13 Electricity tariff 55
14 Addendum to EPCs 56
15 Climate data 58
16 Rounding of data 59
17 Improvement measures 60
18 Data to be collected 61
19 Additional climate Data for Isle of Man 80
20 RdSAP10-specific Metrics 85
20.1 RdSAP10-specific SAP rating equations (referred to as EER) 85
20.2 Carbon Dioxide emissions and Primary Energy in RdSAP10 85
21 Improvement measures for Energy Performance Certificates (former Appendix T) 89

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Reduced Data SAP specification v.10 for existing dwellings (former

appendix S)
1 INTRODUCTION

Reduced data SAP (RdSAP) is the UK approved1 methodology for assessing energy performance and
generating EPCs for the existing dwellings.

According to The Energy Performance of Buildings (England and Wales) Regulations 2 the energy
performance is expressed as “asset rating” (which is a numerical indicator of the cost of energy
derived from the energy needed to meet different needs associated with standardised use of
building) calculated in a way approved by the Secretary of State under Regulation 24 of the Building
Regulations 20103.

The methodology is compliant with the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (2018/844/EU)4.
following the national annexes of the overarching standards, namely ISO 52000-1, 52003-1, 52010-1,
52016-1, and 52018-1, developed under mandate M/480 given to the European Committee for
Standardisation (CEN).

RdSAP specification has been developed by BRE on behalf of the government for use in existing
dwellings based on a site assessment of the property, when the complete data set for SAP calculation
is not available. It consists of a system of data collection (defined in Table 30 : Addendum) together
with defaults and inference procedures, as defined by the rules given in this document, that generate
a complete set of input data for the SAP calculation. For any item not mentioned in this document, the
procedures and data given elsewhere in the SAP10.25 specification apply.

The calculation should be conducted using a computer program that implements the RdSAP10
Specification (this document), the appropriate parts of SAP10.2 specification and the worksheet
referred to in this document and is approved for RdSAP calculations.

Reduced Data SAP is for existing dwellings only. Any new dwelling must be assessed using SAP
specification and software.

The RdSAP calculation starting from reduced data is done in two stages. First the collected data
(reduced data set) is expanded into a full data set, and then the SAP calculation is undertaken using
the expanded data set. The SAP calculation is therefore identical, whether starting from a reduced
data set or a full data set.

This version of RdSAP forms part of SAP 10.2 specification and provides a data input set for use with
version 10.2 of SAP. All references made to SAP in this document refer to SAP 10.2, unless otherwise
stated. RdSAP Specification contains the data and rules for expanding the data collected in a Reduced Data
assessment into the data required for the RdSAP calculation. Table 31 : Data to be collected lists the
Reduced Data set.

Information in RdSAP Conventions6 is primarily concerned with the consistency of data collection and is
addressed to energy assessors. RdSAP Assessors should read RdSAP specification in conjunction with the
RdSAP Conventions applicable at the time of assessment.

1
Notice of approval of the methodologies for expressing the energy performance of buildings in England
and Wales - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
2
The Energy Performance of Buildings (England and Wales) Regulations 2012 (legislation.gov.uk)
3
The Building Regulations 2010 (legislation.gov.uk)
4
Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy
performance of buildings (recast) (legislation.gov.uk)
5
SAP 10.2 - 21-04-2022.pdf (bregroup.com)
6
SAP10 - Standard Assessment Procedure - BRE Group

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Any deviation from the RdSAP10 specification described in this document and RdSAP Conventions
applicable at the time of assessment invalidates the calculation and therefore cannot be used for
generating EPC.

This edition is RdSAP10.

Significant changes compared to RdSAP2012 specification include:

- Window measurements required for all windows
- Location of each window allocated to main walls or each extension, or alternative walls
- Thermal properties of insulation revised
- Roof insulation details have more options
- Floor insulation revised; heated basement details added
- Table of Window U-Values expanded
- U-values of brick wall revised to account wall thickness
- U-values of stone walls revised
- Curtain wall added as new wall type
- Window shutters added as a new feature
- Hot water tank size included
- Hot water tank insulation included
- Room in roof (RR) revised to take into the account all elements inclu9ding continuous main wall
- Additional alternative/shelter wall added
- Mechanical ventilation is treated as in full SAP allowing PCDB entry, still allowing default values
- PV calculated as in SAP10.2
- PV Diverter for water heating added
- PV Batteries added
- Ventilation algorithm allows more options
- Air pressure test result can be used if available
- New age-band M added, and all tables of U-values updated
- Data for Isle of Man added for completeness of information
- Table 32 with the RdSAP10-specific fuel prices replaces fuel prices in Table 12 of SAP10.2
- RdSAP10-specific metrics added to replace SAP metrics in SAP10.2
- Small scale hydro added as in SAP10.2
- Flue gas heat recovery -calculation according to SAP 10.2.
- Waste water heat recovery - calculation according to SAP 10.2.
- Heat pumps - Calculation according to SAP 10.2.

Changes to Table 21 of improvement measures (former RdSAP Appendix T) include:

- Improved U-values revised for all building elements
- Measure to insulate party wall removed
- Order of measures for Northern Ireland removed
- Air and ground source heat pumps not alternative measures anymore
- PV battery and PV diverters added

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2 DEFINITIONS OF THE EXTENT OF THE DWELLING

2.1 Dwelling types

Dwellings are classified as one of
- house
- bungalow
- flat
- maisonette
- park home

For houses and bungalows one of

- detached
- semi-detached
- mid-terrace
- end-terrace
- enclosed mid-terrace
- enclosed end-terrace

For flats and maisonettes one of

- ground floor
- mid floor
- top floor

A house or bungalow has a complete heat loss ground floor and a completely exposed roof (it includes
houses and bungalows with room in roof and with basements).

The approach to Rooms in Roof is given in section 4.9.

The rules for including Rooms in Roof and Basements are included in the RdSAP Conventions applicable
at the time of assessment.

A dwelling without a heat loss ground floor cannot be a house and must be treated as a flat or maisonette.

RdSAP makes no distinction between a flat and a maisonette as regards calculations; it is acceptable to
select either type as definitions vary across the UK.

‘Enclosed’ is typically applicable for ‘back-to-back’ type of terraces and has the following meaning:
– a mid-terrace dwelling has external walls on two opposite sides; while
– an enclosed mid terrace dwelling has an external wall on one side only;
– an end-terrace dwelling has three external walls;
– an enclosed end-terrace dwellings has two adjacent external walls (effectively forming a corner) on two
facades and two adjacent party walls on the other two facades.

2.1.1 Building part and Building element

Building parts are:

▪ main dwelling
▪ extension 1
▪ extension 2
▪ extension 3
▪ extension 4

Building elements of each building part are:

▪ wall
▪ roof
▪ floor
▪ window/door
▪ room in roof

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2.2 Extensions
An extension is when another room/s added to the building to make an existing one/s larger.

The term ‘extension’ is used in RdSAP to identify areas of the dwelling that are thermally different to the
main dwelling.

Provision is made for the main dwelling and up to four extensions, each with their own age band,
dimensions and other characteristics.

2.3 Building elements having different construction

In addition, dwellings can have a different construction for some parts of the building elements (for
example, a timber framed bay window in otherwise masonry construction).
If the area of a building element with a different construction is less than 10% of the total area of the
building element, it can be assumed to be the same as prevailing building element of that building part.
However, if thermal properties of insulation are specified in form of U-values (rather than thickness of
insulation) then the area of an alternative element which is less than 10% of the total area of the whole
element can be accounted as area-weighted average U-value of the building element.

Generally, rooms and other spaces, such as built-in cupboards, are included as part of the dwelling where
these are directly accessible from the occupied area of the dwelling, whereas unheated spaces clearly
divided from the dwelling are not.

2.4 Walls (sheltered, alternative, party)

RdSAP allows the following types of walls: main walls, sheltered walls, alternative walls and party walls.

2.4.1 Sheltered walls

A sheltered wall is a wall adjacent to an unheated corridor or stairwell, typically found in blocks of flats,
but can be found in houses and bungalows. Sheltered walls are always included in the heat loss perimeter.
The sheltered wall can be in any building part but must be recorded as an alternative wall.
See also sections 4.2.2, 4.7 and 4.13.
See RdSAP Conventions for the details of specifying shelter wall.

2.4.2 Alternative walls

If there are two areas of external wall of different construction types within a building part that should be
regarded as alternative wall. Each building part can have two alternative walls.

An alternative wall can be:

(i) A sheltered wall (to unheated corridor or stairwell), or
(ii) A wall that has a construction type or heat-loss characteristics (U-value) different from the main
external wall.

Alternative walls are always included in the assessment in case (i);

and in case (ii) treated according to section 2.3 if less than 10% of total exposed wall area of the building
part (including windows and doors).

See also section 4.2.2 for areas and dimensions of alternative walls.
Refer for RdSAP conventions for further details.

2.4.3 Party walls

Party walls are walls between the dwelling being assessed and another heated space which can be:
- another dwelling
- commercial premises
- a heated corridor or stairwell in a block of flats
- a heated common area

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2.5 Curtain wall (type of main wall)

Unlike other walls, a curtain wall system is thin and lightweight, usually consists of assemblies consisting
of aluminium or steel frames and glass. These walls are not usually structural, and by design, they are only
able to carry their own weight, while transferring the load of wind and gravity to the structure of the
building. The assemblies are attached to the building structure by mullions and transoms. The design makes
it air and water resistant, to ensure that the interior of the building remains airtight.

Regardless of which material used, curtain walls are usually non-structural, which differs from many forms
of traditional construction where all external walls are an integral aspect of a building’s primary structure.

Curtain wall system can be installed in small or large buildings, depending on the needs. The curtain walls
may span the distance of the floor to ceiling or be installed across multiple floors. Some curtain wall
systems also make use of other in-fills from materials such as stone, veneer or metal panels.

Curtain wall can be:

- main wall (in this case the available U-value is for the whole wall including translucent and non-
translucent parts)
- an alternative wall
- treated according to section 2.3 if its area is less than 10% or total wall area (i.e. its area included into the
area of prevailing wall)

2.6 Basements
Basement is the floor of the building which is partly (at least 50%) or entirely below ground level.

Included when accessed via a permanent fixed staircase such that one is able to walk downwards
facing forwards and either:-
- basement is heated via fixed heat emitters, or
- basement is open to the rest of the dwelling, - (no door or internal door)
Does not necessarily contain habitable rooms.

See also section 4 for areas and dimensions and Table 23 : Basement U-values.

2.7 Rooms within a Mansard roof

A storey having non-vertical walls of at least 70° pitch constitutes a separate
storey; it is not treated as roof rooms and 1.8m rule described in sections 2.16.2 and 4.9.2 is not
applicable.

Use alternative wall if appropriate.

2.8 Whole dwelling (or building part) within roof

When property is a single storey entirely located within a roof, enter it as:
• Built form - flat
• Lowest occupied level
• Below this building part – another dwelling below
• timber frame construction of appropriate age band
• room height 2.2 m
• include area and perimeter measurements as a normal storey
• enter roof as pitched roof.

For such dwellings with non-timber gables treat gable walls as “alternative wall”.
If there are two storeys within roof, enter the lower storey as above and the upper storey as rooms-in-roof.

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2.9 Porches
Porch is a shelter projecting of the heated envelope of the dwelling.
It could be an external porch (outside the door) usually with a separate roof or internal porch (behind the door).

A floor above internal porch is a semi-exposed floor.

See sections 2.3 Building elements having different construction and 4.11 Heat loss area for houses and
bungalows.

External porch Internal porch

If heated by fixed emitters always include (separated or not).

If external, thermally separated and not heated, disregard.
If internal, not heated and thermally separated, disregard.
(‘external’ means an addition protruding from the line of the external wall of the dwelling).

2.10 Mezzanine floor

A mezzanine is an intermediate floor in a building which is partly open to the floor below, or which does
not extend over the whole floorspace of the floor, e.g. where the original floor has been split horizontally
into two floors.
Refer to RdSAP Conventions.

2.11 Extensions
An extension is when another room/s added to the building to make an existing one/s larger.
See relevant RdSAP conventions.

2.12 Store room / utility room

Rooms used as storage / rooms equipped with appliances for washing or other domestic work.

If heated by fixed emitters always include.

If accessible only via a separate external door and not heated, disregard.

If directly accessible, not heated and thermally separated, disregard.

2.13 Garages
Unheated garages are excluded from the assessment.

If heated from main heating system or fixed emitters, always include.

The presence of a boiler within the garage does not make it heated.

A door from inside the dwelling into the garage is included in the 'external' door count.

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2.14 Dwelling adjacent to commercial premises or other unheated space above

If a dwelling has commercial premises or other unheated space above refer to Table 18 : Assumed roof U-
values when Table 16 or Table 17 do not apply.

In the case of unheated space above a building part, use U-values for the “Flat roof” in Table 18
column (3) and apply resistance Ru=0.5 m²K/W in the equation:
1
U= where Runheated_space is 0.5 m²K/W
1
+ Runheated _ space
U flat _ roof
Where: U flat _ roof is value from column (3) in Table 18.

2.15 Sloping sites

Sites where an individual wall (elevation) is not a heat loss wall for its full height because of stepped
arrangements either within the dwelling or between the dwelling and an adjacent one.

Refer to RdSAP Conventions.

2.16 Room in Roof (RR)

RdSAP10 distinguishes between RR fully within roof and RR where accessible part of common wall is part
of RR.

2.16.1 Room in Roof fully within roof (true Room in Roof):

Figure 1: RR fully within the roof (RR type 1)

This RR type includes:

- Room in Roof fully within roof;
- Room in Roof built into a roof space where RR stud walls are bult inside the common walls,
leaving the common walls outside the boundary of heated space).

Room in Roof fully within roof (true Room in Roof) is always treated as “room in roof “ regardless of
the height of the stud walls.

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2.16.2 RR where accessible common wall is part of RR

Figure 2: RR not fully within the roof (“RR Type 2”), where accessible common wall is part of RR

The common wall is a vertical continuation of the external wall of the storey below.
For the type of RR (where the accessible common wall is part of RR) to be classed as such and not a
separate storey, the height of the common wall (measured from the floor to the point where the roof plane
intersects with the wall head) must be less than 1.8 m for at least 50% of the common wall (excluding gable
ends or party walls), see Figure 3.

There is no explicit allowance for dormer windows except to include in the floor area of the roof rooms.

Roof Room Separate storey, not Roof Room

Figure 3: Upper storey with common wall

Note: 1.8m rule applies only to Room in Roof where accessible common wall is part of Room in Roof.
This rule does not apply to true Room in Roof.

2.17 Stairwells and Corridors

Stairwells and access corridors are not regarded as parts of the dwelling and not included in the assessment.
Heated stairwell/corridor is one with one or more controlled fixed heaters.
Refer to RdSAP Conventions.

2.18 Private access stairwell to a single dwelling

Refer to RdSAP Conventions.

2.19 Park homes

Park homes are detached bungalow-style homes. They are typically manufactured offsite and then placed
on land that is owned privately or by a local authority.
The following data items apply to a park home.

Data items for park homes

Data item Options
Built form Detached only
Measurements Internal or external
Number of storeys One only
Number extension Up to 4. Extensions must have park home attributes (wall, floor and roof types)
Habitable rooms Up to 99

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Data items for park homes

Data item Options
Roof type and insulation Pitched access
Pitched no access
• Insulation at joists – use Table 16 : when measured or documentary
evidence of insulation thickness is available; otherwise use Table 18 :
Assumed roof U-values when Table 16 or Table 17 do not apply.
• Insulation at rafters – use Table 18 : Assumed roof U-values when
Table 16 or Table 17 do not apply (park home column)
• Unknown – use Table 18 park home column
• As built – use Table 18 park home column
• None
Pitched sloping ceiling
Flat
As built – use park home column
o Unknown – use Table 18 park home column
Roof rooms Disallowed
Walls Park home wall only
Party walls None – no party wall
Wall thickness Measured or default from Table 3
Dry lining Disallowed
Wall insulation As built
Unknown
Internal (U-value entry only)
External (U-value entry only)
Alternative walls No alternative wall
Floor Ground
Suspended timber only
U-value entry possible.
Floor insulation As built
Unknown
Retro- fitted (U-value entry only)
Glazing Measured
Heating and hot water All options as normal
Conservatory Possible (one storey)
Open fireplaces Always none
Ventilation Always natural

2.19.1 Insulation improvements for park homes

For the assessment of improvement measures for park homes the improved U-value of its wall, floor or roof
is calculated using:
1
U insulated =
1
+ Rinsulation
U existing

where Uinsulated is the improved U-value, Uexisting is the U-value of the existing element and Rinsulstion is
the thermal resistance added. Resistance Rinsulstion can be taken from Table 14 : Insulation thickness and
corresponding resistance.

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3 AGE BANDS
A set of age bands is defined according to Table 1 : Age bands for the purposes of assigning U-values and
other data.

Table 1 : Age bands

Years of construction
Age band England Wales Scotland Northern Park home
Ireland (UK)
A before 1900 before 1900 before 1919 before 1919 -
B 1900-1929 1900-1929 1919-1929 1919-1929 -
C 1930-1949 1930-1949 1930-1949 1930-1949 -
D 1950-1966 1950-1966 1950-1964 1950-1973 -
E 1967-1975 1967-1975 1965-1975 1974-1977 -
F 1976-1982 1976-1982 1976-1983 1978-1985 before 1983
G 1983-1990 1983-1990 1984-1991 1986-1991 1983-1995
H 1991-1995 1991-1995 1992-1998 1992-1999 (not applicable)
I 1996-2002 1996-2002 1999-2002 2000-2006 1996-2005
J 2003-2006 2003-2006 2003-2007 (not applicable) (not applicable)
K 2007-2011 2007-2011 2008-2011 2007-2013 2006 onwards
L 2012-2022 2012-2022 2012 - 2023 2014 -2022 (not applicable)
M 2023 onwards 2023 onwards 2024 onwards 2023 onwards (not applicable)

Age bands in Table 1 relate to the age of each building part.

For Isle of Man use the same age bands as for England and Wales.

The basis of age bands: From the 1960s, constructional changes have been caused primarily by amendments
to building regulations for the conservation of fuel and power, which have called for increasing levels of
thermal insulation. The dates in Table 1 : Age bands are generally one year after a change in regulations,
to allow for completion of dwellings approved under the previous regulations.

For age band of converted buildings refer to RdSAP Conventions applicable at the time of assessment.

Age band M can apply to extensions added to an older property.

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4 AREAS AND DIMENSIONS

4.1 Building elements

The boundary of the assessment consists of all the building elements separating heated space from
external environment, from adjacent dwellings or unheated spaces. Any internal elements (internal partition
walls or intermediate floors within the dwelling) are disregarded.

Areas of building elements (walls, floors, roofs) are determined and specified separately for the main part
of the dwelling and any extension.

Horizontal dimensions can be measured either internally or externally.

The measurements required are the floor area, exposed perimeter, party wall length and room height on
each storey. For Room in Roof additional measurements required, see 4.9.

Exposed floor perimeter is the perimeter between the dwelling and external environment, it includes the
wall between the dwelling and an unheated garage or a separated conservatory and, in the case of a flat or
maisonette, the wall between the dwelling and an unheated corridor/stairwell.

Internal dimensions are permissible in all cases. In the case of a house or bungalow external dimensions
for area and perimeter are usually more convenient, except where access to all sides of the building is not
possible or where there are differing wall thicknesses or other aspects that would make the dimensional
conversion unreliable.
When using external measurements for a dwelling joined onto another dwelling (semi-detached and
terraced houses) the measurement is to the mid-point of the party wall.

The internal and external measurements should not be mixed. If a heated basement is included in the
assessment, it is likely that internal dimensions will be used throughout the basement.

Flats and maisonettes are measured internally.

Storey heights are always measured internally within the room.

It is recommended to state on site plans or floor plan sketches whether the dimensions recorded are external
or internal.

When measuring internally, measure between the finished internal surfaces of the walls bounding the
dwelling. Where that cannot be done directly (i.e. when measuring room by room) include an allowance for
the thickness of internal partitions.

Measure all perturbations (e.g. bay windows) but disregard chimney breasts unless assessor considers
significant e.g. large inglenook.

False ceilings should be disregarded (i.e. where a room has a lower ceiling than the adjacent rooms.)

Refer to RdSAP Conventions.

Vertical dimensions (room heights) are always measured internally within the room. Also, the floor area
of room(s)-in-roof are always measured internally (irrespective of the dimensions basis for other storeys).

Length of party walls (see 2.4.3) is included in the assessment.

Length and height of building elements (including dimensions of windows) are measured in meters to two
decimal places (0.01m); for example 2m 35cm entered into RdSAP software as 2.35m.

Thickness of insulation is measured in mm (for example 50mm floor insulation). Note that all tables in this
give thickness of insulation in mm.

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4.2 Extensions and Alternative walls

4.2.1 Extensions
An extension can be alongside another part of the dwelling, or above another part of the dwelling or other
premises. If alongside apply ground floor heat loss; if above another part of the same dwelling there is no
floor heat loss for the extension and no roof loss for the part below it.

Dwellings may have one or more extensions either added to the main part of the dwelling, or built at the
same time but of different construction or insulation compared to the main dwelling. In these cases, the
dimensions and constructional details of the main part of the dwelling and each extension are recorded
separately, to allow the assignment of different U-values to the original and to the extension.

Refer to RdSAP conventions for the details of specifying extensions.

4.2.2 Alternative wall(s)

Each building part (i.e. main dwelling or each of the extensions) can have one external wall and two
additional wall types, -‘alternative walls’.

The RdSAP software calculates the area of external wall from the exposed perimeter multiplied by the
storey height for each level of the dwelling. The assessor calculates the area(s) of the alternative wall(s),
which are then deducted by software from the external wall area of the building part calculated as described
in section 4.6.

The U-value of an alternative wall is established on the same basis as other walls, as described in section 6.

In determining whether an alternative wall is applicable, RdSAP Assessor should assess the significant
features are construction type, dry lining, age band, insulation and whether sheltered by an unheated
corridor or stairwell.

A sheltered wall between the dwelling and an unheated corridor or stairwell is always counted as an
alternative wall.

Walls of the same construction but different thickness within a building part are not considered alternative
walls unless they are stone or solid brick walls.

For stone or solid brick walls in the dwellings of age bands A to E, assess thickness at each external
elevation and at each storey and use alternative wall if the thickness varies by more than 100 mm.

When specifying windows and doors, for each building part assessor allocates windows and doors to the
corresponding wall (the appropriate main wall or each alternative wall).

For each building part, software will deduct window/door areas contained in the relevant wall areas. This
assumes that software has a provision for allocating each window/door to the corresponding external wall
or one of alternative walls.

If there are two areas of external wall of different construction types (i.e. two alternative walls) and also
there is a wall separating the dwelling from an unheated corridor or stairwell (sheltered wall), consider the
sheltered wall and one of the other alternative walls with the larger area.

Note that the wall separating the dwelling from a heated corridor or stairwell is a party wall.

4.3 Adjustment to levels of storeys for houses and bungalows

In the RdSAP data set, the dimensions of each building part start at “lowest occupied” and these may not
align if a building part has a heated or unheated space below the building part.

4.4 Conversion to internal dimensions

If horizontal dimensions are measured externally, they are converted to overall internal dimensions for use

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in SAP calculations by application of the appropriate equations in Table 2 : Conversion of dimensions,

using wall thickness of the main dwelling (or the appropriate wall thickness from Table 3 : Wall thickness
(mm) if thickness is unknown).

The equations are applied on a storey-by-storey basis, for the whole dwelling (i.e. inclusive of any
extension). This is done after any floor level adjustments (see 4.3). Storey heights are always measured
internally within each room and handled by software according to 4.6.

Table 2 : Conversion of dimensions

Dwelling type Equations

Detached Pint = Pext – 8 w
Aint = Aext – w Pint – 4 w²

Semi-detached or 2
If Pext  8 Aext :
End-terrace
Pint = Pext – 5 w
a = 0.5 Pext − Pext
2
− 8 Aext 
 
Aint = Aext – w (Pext + 0.5 a) + 3 w²
otherwise
Pint = Pext – 3 w
Aint = Aext – w Pext + 3 w²

Mid-terrace Pint = Pext – 2 w

Aint = Aext – w (Pext + 2 Aext/Pext) + 2 w²

Enclosed end-terrace Pint = Pext – 3 w

Aint = Aext – 1.5 w Pext + 2.25 w²

Enclosed mid-terrace Pint = Pext – w

Aint = Aext – w (Aext/Pext + 1.5 Pext) + 1.5 w²

All types Perimeter ratio = Pint/Pext

Area ratio = Aint/Aext
Notes:
1. Pext and Aext are the measured external perimeter and area (of whole dwelling)
2. Pint and Aint are the calculated internal perimeter and area
3. w is the wall thickness of the main dwelling
4. After obtaining the perimeter ratio and area ratio for the whole dwelling, multiply separately the
measured perimeters and areas of (a) the main part of the dwelling and (b) any extension, by these ratios.
5. In the case of a party wall reduce its length by 2w

4.5 Wall thickness

Measure wall thickness in mm of each external wall (elevation) and any alternative wall within a building
part. It can be measured at door or window reveals or by internal/external measurement comparison (which
can be direct measurement or estimated by counting bricks).

Where thickness varies, obtain a weighted average. For example, a detached house with all side of equal
length where the rear wall is 250 mm thick and the remaining walls are 350 mm thick, the average is (0.25
× 250) + (0.75 × 350) = 325 mm.

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Use the values in Table 3 only when the wall thickness could not be measured.

Table 3 : Wall thickness (mm)

Age band A B C D E F G H I, J, K, L,M
Wall type
Stone* 500 500 500 500 450 420 420 420 450 450
Solid brick 220 220 220 220 240 250 270 270 300 300
Cavity** 250 250 250 250 250 260 270 270 300 300
Timber
150 150 150 250 270 270 270 270 300 300
frame
Cob 540 540 540 540 540 540 560 560 590 590
System
250 250 250 250 250 300 300 300 300 300
build
Park home 50 50 75 100
* If in Scotland add 200 mm for bands A and B, and 100 mm for other bands
** If in Scotland add 50 mm

4.6 Heights and exposed wall areas

Heights are measured internally within each room, and 0.25 m is added by software to each room height
except for the lowest storey, to obtain the storey height. For this purpose, the lowest storey is considered
separately for each building part (main dwelling and any extension). The lowest storey of a building part is
the lowest for the dwelling unless it has been indicated as having the same dwelling below.

Gross areas (inclusive of openings) are obtained from the product of heat loss perimeter (after conversion to
internal dimensions if relevant) and storey height, summed over all storeys. Party wall area is party wall
length multiplied by storey height, summed over all storeys.

For the main dwelling and any extension(s), window and door areas are deducted from the gross areas to
obtain the net wall areas for the heat loss calculations, except for the door of a flat/maisonette to an
unheated stairwell or corridor which is deducted from the sheltered wall area.

If an alternative wall is present, the area of the alternative wall is subtracted from the net wall area of the
building part prior to the calculation of wall heat losses.

4.7 Door and window areas

The area of an external door can be taken as 1.85 m² (no need to measure doors because their dimensions
are not as variable as dimensions of windows).

A door to a heated access corridor is not included in the door count.

External doors except doors to an unheated corridor or stairwell are taken as being in the:
- external wall of main part of the main dwelling or extension;
- alternative wall 1
- alternative wall 2

In RdSAP the definition of what is a window and what is a door is defined by the area of glazing in relation
to the area of the whole opening, i.e. door and frame. To be classed as a window a glazed door and frame
must contain glazing amounting to 60% or more or its surface area.

Generally, 60% or more glazing is likely to occur only in a patio door with a thin frame, e.g. metal frame as
opposed to a uPVC frame.

However, a window with less than 60% glazing is not a door; a door always provides a means of entry to
the property.

An external door is a door that forms part of the heat loss perimeter of the dwelling. A door to a heated
access corridor/stairwell is not included in the door count. It is possible for a property to have no external

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door in the RdSAP data set (when any entrance to the property is via patio doors with more than 60%
glazing which are counted as windows in SAP, or via a heated corridor).

For more details see RdSAP Conventions.

4.7.1 Window data

Window area is assessed by measuring all windows and roof windows throughout the dwelling.
This does not include conservatories, which are treated separately; see Section 7.

The area of each window is calculated by assessor during the survey by measuring its height and width.
Additional information to be noted are the type of glazing, the glazing age, the frame type, the thickness of
the glazing gap (if one or more present), the location within the dwelling construction, and its orientation.

Multiple glazing can be installed before 20027, during/after 2002 (these windows are assumed to have low-
emissivity coating), installed after 20228, double glazing unknown date, secondary glazing or triple glazing.
For multiple glazing the U-value can be known.

The total window area is obtained by the assessor measuring each individual window, and the software
aggregating the total. That also applies to park homes.

The location area of each window in the main part of the dwelling and in any alternative wall of each
extension are recorded separately, along with:
- single glazed, double glazed before or during/after 2002, secondary glazing or triple glazed;
- U-value if known;
- source of data (for U-value);
- window or roof window;
- orientation

Multiple types of windows are allowed.

If external dimensions were used, all windows were measured and there is a roof window with area greater
than the roof area of the building part concerned, change the roof window area to be equal to the roof area.
This can occur with a fully glazed roof because the roof window area entered by the assessor does not take
account of the reduction in areas that occurs when the dimensions are converted from external to internal.

4.7.2 Sun rooms

For a highly glazed part of the dwelling, such as a sun room, which does not meet the criteria for a
conservatory (50% of walls and 75% of roof glazed), glazed parts are treated as windows and the
dimensions are measured.

4.8 Roof area

Roof area is the greatest of the floor areas on each level, calculated separately for main dwelling and any
extension. In the case of a pitched roof with a sloping ceiling, divide the area so obtained by cos(30°).

4.9 Room in Roof

The following procedure is applied to main dwelling and separately to any extension with roof rooms
as applicable.

Note. A roof room cannot be an extension in its own right, roof rooms are defined only when a
building part consisting of normal storey(s) has been defined.

Where a roof room is built over a garage attached to the dwelling, treat the roof room as an extension
(see section 4.2 for how to deal with this situation).

7
2002 in England & Wales, 2003 in Scotland, 2006 in Northern Ireland
8
2022 in England/Wales/Northern Ireland, 2023 in Scotland.

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If there are roof rooms, with a total floor area of ARR_floor (measured internally), then area ARR_floor is
deducted from the roof area of a building part below determined in section 4.8.

Two assessment options can be used for RR in RdSAP-10:

a) Detailed assessment option for RR:

Where all actual dimensions are measured, and the U-values assigned; see section 4.10, and Figure 4
for the details.

The U-value are from Table 4 : U-values of gable-end and other walls in RR.

b) Simplified assessment option for RR:

Slightly less accurate but requiring less measurements.

The simplified assessment option has two scenarios:

1) Room in Roof fully within roof (true Room in Roof), and
2) Room in Roof built into a roof space which has continuous common walls located outside of the
RR boundaries.

4.9.1 The approach to Room in Roof fully within roof (True Room in Roof), see also 2.16:

There is no common wall in the true RR type, therefore 1.8m rule does not apply.
The following steps apply when:

RR is either:
-RR fully within the roof (left diagram above), or
-RR type with accessible areas of continuous common walls which are outside the boundaries of the RR
(right diagram above).

a) Assessor measures floor dimensions in m (length LRR_floor and width WRR_floor) and calculates RR floor
area ARR_floor

ARR_floor =LRR_floor × WRR_floor

b) The height of RR is assumed to be 2.2 m high (this is lower than normal room height of 2.4m to
compensate for the sloping parts); however, this height does not include 0.25m between RR and
the storey below, therefore 0.25m needs to be added, making height of RR 2.2+0.25=2.45m.

In addition, if applicable, assessor measures and specifies length of each gable (L gable1 and Lgable2)
or adjacent wall (ARR_party, ARR_sheltered or ARR_connected) and software assumes height of gables as
2.45m (this also includes 0.25m between RR and the storey below).

c) The areas of the applicable RR walls are calculated by software as:

ΣARR_ gable/other= ARR_gable1 + ARR_gable2 + ARR_party + ARR_sheltered + ARR_connected

Where for the gable walls:
ARR_gable1 = Lgable1 × 2.45m
ARR_gable2 = Lgable2 × 2.45m

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For other walls (party walls, sheltered walls or walls connected to another part or the dwelling):
ARR_party = Lparty × 2.45m
ARR_sheltered = Lsheltered × 2.45m
ARR_connected = Lconnected × 2.45m

Note: Heights of these walls are not measured by assessors; they are assumed as 2.45m.

d) The remaining RR area is assessed by using the equation (this includes gable walls):

ARR = 12.5 ARR _ floor /1.5

This is treated as timber framed construction and assumes a rectangular room-in-roof area of average height
2.2 m, and accounts for 0.25 m between RR floor and the ceiling of the storey below, i.e. the calculation
uses RR height = (2.2 + 0.25) = 2.45 m.

e) The areas of gable walls are deducted from the net RR area is:

ARR_final =ARR – ΣARR_gable/other

The rest of the calculation is as normal, i.e. software will treat ARR_final as timber framed
construction, and gables will be allocated U-values given in Table 4.

Table 4Note: different U-values should be assigned to gable and adjacent walls with different
heatloss; therefore, there are four options for gable walls:

Table 4 : U-values of gable-end and other walls in RR

Description RR wall type Assigned U-value

ARR_gable Exposed gable U-value as common wall
ARR_party Party U-value = 0.25 W/m2K
ARR_sheltered Sheltered U-value as external wall with sheltering factor R = 0.5
ARR_connected Adjacent to heated U-value = 0
space

f) Elements of RR other than gable-end and adjacent walls are assumed by software to be of a
timber framed construction with U-values from Table 17 or Table 18

4.9.2 The approach to RR Type with the accessible areas of continuous common walls
(see also section 2.16):

This type of RR is checked for the 1.8 m rule. It is considered as Room in Roof when the height
of accessible common walls is less than 1.8 m (otherwise it is a separate storey).

The following applies when:

RR has accessible areas of continuous common walls which are boundaries of the RR; this RR type is
as defined in Figure 2 (see section 2.16.2).

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The approach is:

a) Assessor measures floor dimensions (length LRR_floor and width WRR_floor) and calculates RR floor area
ARR_floor

ARR_floor =LRR_floor × WRR_floor

In addition, the following applicable dimensions are measured:

.
- length of each gable or adjacent wall (Lgable1 , Lgable2, Lparty, Lsheltered or L_connected) and their heights
(Hgable1 , Hgable2, Hparty, Hsheltered or Hconnected) where heights are measured at the highest point of
each accessible gable or adjacent wall;

- length Lcommon_wall and height Hcommon_wall of each accessible common wall;

a) The total area of each continuous common wall is calculated as:

ARR_common_wall = Σ(Lcommon_wall × (0.25+Hcommon_wall)

b) Software calculates the area of each gable or adjacent wall by using the equation:
 ( H gable − H common _ wall _1 )2 ( H gable − Hcommon _ wall _ 2 )2 
ARR _ gable = Lgable  (0.25 + H gable ) −  + 
 2 2
 
Note: O.25 m added to the measured height of common wall to take account space of 0.25m between
RR and the storey below.

ARR_gable can be one of the appropriate values in Table 4 : U-values of gable-end and other walls in
RR

The same equation is used for calculating areas of other walls, where a gable wall is a party wall
(ARR_party), a sheltered wall (ARR_sheltered) or a wall connected to another building part ( ARR_connected).

These walls will be assigned to U-values given in Table 4.

Walls other than gable-end walls, adjacent walls and accessible continuous common walls are
assumed to be of a timber framed construction with U-values from Table 17 : U-values applicable to
rooms in roof (RR) where insulation thickness is known.

c) Total RR wall area is calculated by the equation (this includes gables and accessible continuous
walls):
ARR = 12.5 ARR _ floor /1.5

d) The areas of gable walls are deducted from the calculated total RR area, and the remaining area
of RR, ARR_final is then calculated. This area is treated as roof structure.

ARR_final =ARR_wall –(ΣARR_common_wall +ΣARR_gable +ΣARR_party +ΣARR_sheltered +ΣARR_connected).

e) The rest of the calculation is as normal, i.e. software will treat A RR_final as timber framed
construction, and other elements (continuous common walls and gables) will be treated by
allocating the appropriate U-value.

Note: 0.25m between RR and the storey below is added by software (not by RdSAP Assessor).

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4.10 Detailed measurements of roof room

Detailed measurements of roof rooms are required only if evidence exists that the flat ceiling, slope, stud
wall (or common wall) or gable wall (see Figure 4) have differing levels of insulation and each of their U-
values is known. Refer to RdSAP Conventions for more details.

Figure 4: Different parts of roof rooms

(instead of stud wall and residual ceiling there can be a common wall)

For detailed measurements of roof rooms there can be up to two of each of:
- flat ceiling
- sloping ceiling
- stud wall (or common wall)
- gable wall

A U-value must be acquired for each non-zero heat loss area.

4.10.1 Default U-values of the roof rooms.

Where the details of insulation are not available, the default U-values are those for the appropriate age band
for the construction of the roof rooms (see Table 18 : Assumed roof U-values when Table 16 or Table 17
do not apply). The default U-values apply when the roof room insulation is ‘as built’ or ‘unknown’.

Where the thickness of insulation of the roof room elements has been determined, the U-value is from
Table 16 : Roof U-values when loft insulation thickness is known or the insulation thickness concerned
and for the insulation type, except for a vaulted roof when the insulation of the flat ceiling is marked as
‘not applicable’ and for the purposes of the calculation U RR = Uvr.
(URR means Room Roof U-value and Uvr. means U-value of vaulted roof).

The residual area (area of roof less the floor area of room(s)-in-roof) has a U-value from Table 16 : Roof
U-values when loft insulation thickness is known according to its insulation thickness if at least half the
area concerned is accessible, otherwise it is the default for the age band of the original property or
extension.

The default U-value can be overwritten if any of the elements of the roof room (ceiling/slope/stud/gable)
have known insulation details and the U-values are available or taken from the Tables in this document on a
basis of the type and thickness of insulation.

4.11 Heat loss area for houses and bungalows

The lowest floor of a part of a dwelling (‘part’ means main dwelling or any extension) can be a basement, a
ground floor, an exposed floor (external air below e.g. over a passageway) or a semi-exposed floor
(unheated space below e.g. over an integral garage) or not a heat loss floor (upper flats/maisonettes or same
or another dwelling below).

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The area of the lowest occupied floor of the main dwelling is a ground floor.

If it is a heated basement it is treated as a lowest occupied floor.

For each building part examine the floor areas on each storey. If the area of any upper floor is greater than
that of the floor below, the difference in these areas is an exposed or semi-exposed floor. Exposed floors
are ground floors or floors above a passage. An example of semi-exposed floor is a floor above an integral
garage.

When external dimensions are being used, however, the method of dimensional conversion can result in a
small, but spurious, exposed floor area. To avoid that situation, the area of exposed floor on any level
cannot be greater than the difference between the area of the current floor and the floor below measured
using external dimensions.

This rule is implemented as follows:

1. Calculate the exposed floor area before converting dimensions, call this A 1
2. Convert dimensions
3. Calculate exposed floor area from the internal areas, call this A 2
4. If A2  A1 the exposed floor area is A2
5. If A2 > A1 the exposed floor area is A1
6. Repeat for all levels if dwelling has more than two storeys and obtain the total exposed floor area.

When dimensions have been measured internally, the exposed floor area is simply the difference in area
between the current floor and the floor below.

Generally, semi-exposed floors are treated as if they were fully exposed. This is because semi-exposed
floors (e.g. floor above garage) are above slightly ventilated spaces making very small reduction to the U-
value. However, U-value calculated according to BR443 can be used if available.

The ground floor area of the main dwelling and that of any extension are treated separately as they can have
different U-values.

4.12 Heat loss floor area for flats and maisonettes

There is no heat loss through the floor if there is another flat below. Otherwise the floor area of the flat, or
the lower floor of the maisonette, is:
- an exposed floor if there is an open space below;
- a semi-exposed floor if there are unheated premises below it (e.g. an enclosed garage);
- above a partially heated space if there are non-domestic premises below (heated, but at different times);
- a ground floor if there is ground below
Semi-exposed (sheltered) floors are treated as if they were fully exposed, because semi-exposed are above
slightly ventilated spaces making very small reduction to the U-value.

4.13 Sheltered walls for flats and maisonettes

If the flat or maisonette is adjacent to an unheated corridor or stairwell, the area of wall between the
dwelling and the corridor or stairwell is treated as a sheltered (semi-exposed) wall, see 2.4.

The area of sheltered wall is the shelter length multiplied by the height of the lowest storey, less the door
area (see 4.6 and 4.7).

In any building part there can be an alternative wall which is indicated as sheltered. In this case the assessor
does not provide the area of alternative wall; instead, it is calculated from the shelter length as above (this
avoids the door to the unheated corridor being deducted twice).

The length of wall between the dwelling and the unheated corridor or stairwell is included in the exposed
perimeter.

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When a dwelling (flat or maisonette) has a sheltered wall to an unheated corridor on more than one storey
the sheltered length is the total for all storeys with a sheltered wall (example: two storeys with sheltered
wall on each storey, length of sheltered wall is 5 m on each storey: enter 10 m for the sheltered length).

In the case of the wall separating the dwelling from an unheated corridor or stairwell, where this wall is of
different construction or insulation to the external walls (e.g. not insulated but external walls are), make it
an alternative wall and mark it as sheltered.

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5 VENTILATION

5.1 Infiltration (SAP algorithm)

The parameters needed for calculation of the ventilation rate are obtained from Table 5 : Ventilation
parameters.

Table 5 : Ventilation parameters

Parameter Value
Infiltration due to RdSAP calculation is according to SAP10.2 worksheet:
chimneys, flues, fans,
passive stack vents,
etc.

Chimneys • Number of open fireplaces for main and for secondary heating,
• or “0” if not present
Blocked chimneys • Number of blocked chimneys, or
• “0” if not present
Flues • Number of open flues (main and secondary heating systems) for main and for
secondary heating, or
• “0” if not present
Flue for solid fuel boiler in unheated space is not counted.
Chimneys/flues • Number for main and for secondary heating,
attached to closed fire • or “0” if not present
Flues attached to solid • Number for main and for secondary heating,
fuel boiler • or “0” if not present
Flues attached to other • Number for main and for secondary heating,
heater • or “0” if not present
Ventilation system • Natural with intermittent extract fans, unless mechanical ventilation system clearly
identified

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Parameter Value
Extract fans • Number of extract fans if known

• If number is unknown:
Not park home:
Age bands A to E all cases 0
Age bands F to G all cases 1
Age bands H to M up to 2 habitable rooms 1
3 to 5 habitable rooms 2
6 to 8 habitable rooms 3
more than 8 habitable rooms 4
Park home:
Age band F all cases 0
Age bands G onwards all cases 2

Passive stack vents • Number of Passive stack vents if known,

• or “0” if not present
Flueless gas fire • Number of flueless gas fires if known,
• or “0” if not present
Infiltration rate Infiltration rate calculated according to SAP10.2 worksheet:
through walls, roofs,
floors

Number of storeys Greater of the number of storeys in the main part of the dwelling and in any extension.
Walls Structural infiltration: 0.25 for steel or timber frame or 0.35 for masonry
construction; if both present – use prevailing construction; if equal use 0.35
System build: treated as masonry.
If both types of walls present, use the value applicable to the greater wall area after
deducting areas of openings; if wall areas are equal use 0.35.
Walls of roof rooms: not included.
Park home: use value for timber frame.
Curtain walls: see section 6.18 below
Solid and suspended Solid (structural infiltration 0)
not timber Suspended not timber (structural infiltration 0)

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Parameter Value
Floor infiltration Default infiltration when :
(suspended timber - Age band of main dwelling A to E:
ground floor only)
a) if floor U-value is < 0.5, assume “sealed” and use floor infiltration 0.1
b) if floor insulation is ‘retro-fitted’ and no U-value is supplied, assume “sealed” and
use 0.1;
otherwise “unsealed” and use floor infiltration 0.2.

- Age band of main dwelling F to M: sealed

(the floor infiltration for the whole dwelling is determined by the floor type of the main
dwelling)

- Park home: assume unsealed suspended timber and use floor infiltration 0.2.
Draught lobby Presence of draught lobby:
add infiltration 0.05 if draught lobby is not present, or use 0.0 if present.

House, bungalow, or park home: assume no draught lobby if cannot be determined.

Flat or maisonette: Assume draught lobby if entrance door is facing corridor (heated
or unheated) or stairwell.
Infiltration rate Calculated when pressure test result is not available;
applicability however when pressure test result is available it can be used in the calculation.
Pressure test result If pressure test result is available (at 50Pa or 4Pa), it is used for calculating effective air
available change rate.

Sheltered sides 0 for detached,

1 for semi-detached or end terraced;
3 for enclosed mid-terraced
2 in other cases (e.g. mid-terraced, including flats)
Number of wet rooms 1 to 2 habitable rooms: Kitchen + 1
(required for an 3 to 4 habitable rooms: Kitchen + 2
exhaust air heat pump) 5 to 6 habitable rooms: Kitchen + 3
7 to 8 habitable rooms: Kitchen + 4
9 to 10 habitable rooms: Kitchen + 5
11 or more habitable rooms: Kitchen + 6

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Parameter Value
Mechanical ventilation If details are available, select mechanical ventilation from PCDB, otherwise use default
data.
Default data given in Table 4g in SAP10.2 specification:

Default in-use factors:

For SFP: 2.5
For efficiency of heat recovery: 0.70

Age bands mentioned in Table 5 relate to the age of the main dwelling and not to any extension.
The number of rooms is as defined in 10.1.
Refer to RdSAP Conventions for the chimney/fireplace definitions and count.

5.2 Provision of ventilation

Ventilation can be provided by one of these methods:
1) Natural ventilation
2) Positive input – from loft (treated as natural)
3) Positive input – from outside
4) Mechanical extract – centralised
5) Mechanical extract – decentralised
6) Whole House Mechanical Ventilation – no heat recovery
7) Whole House Mechanical Ventilation – with heat recovery
Items from 2) to 7) in the above list are treated as Mechanical ventilation.

If a mechanical ventilation system present and the details and documentary evidence s are available, use
mechanical ventilation from PCDB by specifying brand name and model.
Otherwise use default value for mechanical ventilation in Table 5 : Ventilation parameters.

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6 CONSTRUCTION TYPES AND INSULATION (U-VALUES)

Where it can be established that a building element has insulation beyond what would normally be assumed
for the age band, this can be specified if adequate evidence exists. Refer to RdSAP Conventions for further
details.

6.1 Wall options

The thickness of stone and brick walls should be measured wherever possible. While the construction
elements will often be indicated as ‘as-built’ or ‘unknown insulation,’ RdSAP will assign default insulation
on the basis of the age band of the part of the property concerned (main dwelling, extension, room in roof).

Where there is evidence of additional insulation, the assessor has three options:
a. indicate the thickness of insulation, or
b. provide the U-value of the construction element, or
c. select unknown thickness and RdSAP will default.

6.2 Wall types

RdSAP allows the following wall types:
- Stone (granite or whinstone)
- Stone (sandstone or limestone)
- Solid brick
- Cob
- Cavity (unfilled, filled)
- System built.

If the dwelling has a wall type that does not correspond closely with one of the available options, select the
nearest equivalent taking account of the U-values in the tables below and include Addendum 1 (see section
14 : Addendum to EPCs).

6.2.1 Cavity wall

Where a cavity wall has been identified, it is recorded irrespective of the width of the cavity.
However, insulation level, presence of dry-lining and wall thickness should be recorded.

6.2.2 System Built wall

System built wall is a wall other than masonry or timber-framed.
See RdSAP conventions in relation to system-built dwellings greater than four storeys.

6.2.3 Unknown wall type

Do not use the ‘unknown’ option for wall insulation inappropriately as this automatically suppresses any
insulation recommendation; assume as-built if no evidence of retro-fitted insulation.
‘Unknown’ should be used only in exceptional circumstances, e.g. when there is conflicting evidence
(inspection and/or documentary) of added insulation whose presence cannot be ascertained conclusively. In
these cases clarification must be provided in site notes.

Note that “Unknown” wall type will automatically suppress any insulation recommendation.
Refer to RdSAP Conventions.

6.2.4 Wall adjacent to stairwell or corridor

Stairwells and access corridors are not regarded as parts of the dwelling, however wall adjacent to stairwell
or access corridor can be treated as sheltered alternative wall (if stairwell or corridor is unheated), or as
party wall (if heated).
Refer to RdSAP conventions for definition of heated corridor.

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6.2.5 Dwelling adjacent to non-domestic (commercial) premises

If a dwelling or part of a dwelling has commercial premises below record as partially heated space below.
If a dwelling or part of a dwelling has commercial premises above record as another dwelling above.
If a dwelling has commercial premises alongside it, treat as a party wall.

Refer to RdSAP conventions for more details.

6.2.6 Curtain wall

The definition of a curtain wall is given in section 2.5; see also section 6.18 below for the details of curtain
wall.

6.3 U-value for walls, roofs, floors

U-values of construction elements are determined within software from the constructional type, date of
construction and, where applicable, thickness of additional insulation, according to the tables below.

U values are obtained separately for the main part of the dwelling and for any extension. If the insulation
status is unknown, the relevant value for ‘as built’ is used.

A U-value is that of the whole element, including any added insulation.

The U-values of existing elements (walls/roofs/floors, etc.) must be the RdSAP default values (e.g. entered
“as built”) and must not be overwritten unless specific documentary evidence of the thermal conductivity of
individual materials of the building element of the property being assessed is provided and was undertaken
in accordance with BR 443 “Conventions for U-value calculations” (BRE, 2019).

Documentary evidence applicable to the property being assessed must be provided and recorded if
overwriting any default U-value. See RdSAP10 Conventions for the details of documentary evidence.

Otherwise Table 31 : Data to be collected indicates the options required for collection of data on site in
respect of additional insulation of elements.

These are:
- floor insulation
- cavity filled wall
- internal and/or external wall insulation
- party wall insulation (cavity fill)
- measured thickness of loft insulation
- rafter insulation
- flat roof insulation
- insulation of roof rooms

A U-value is assigned to an insulated loft according to the measured insulation thickness. In other cases the
U-value with additional insulation is based on the thickness of insulation of mineral wool type (assume
100 mm if thickness is unknown).

If insulation is multifoil or foam insulation refer to RdSAP Conventions.

If there is both internal and external wall insulation add the insulation thicknesses together and enter as
external.

6.4 Default U-values of external walls

Unless the U-value is available (subject to documentary evidence) use the default wall U-values given in:
Table 6 : Wall U-values – England
Table 7 : Wall U-values – Scotland
Table 8 : Wall U-values – Northern Ireland
Table 9 : Wall U-values – Wales
Table 10 : Wall U-values – Isle of Man

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Table 6 : Wall U-values – England

Age band A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Wall type
Stone: granite or whinstone 1.7 a 1.0 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.26
According to 6.6
Stone: sandstone or limestone 1.7 a 1.0 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.26
Solid brick as built According to 6.7 1.7b 1.0 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.26
Stone/solid brick with 50 mm
0.55c 0.45* 0.35* 0.35* 0.30* 0.25* 0.21* 0.21* 0.20*
external or internal insulation
Stone/solid brick with 100 mm
0.32c 0.28* 0.24* 0.24* 0.21* 0.19* 0.17* 0.16* 0.15*
external or internal insulation
According to 6.8
Stone/solid brick with 150 mm
0.23c 0.21* 0.18* 0.18* 0.17* 0.15* 0.14* 0.14* 0.13*
external or internal insulation
Stone/solid brick with 200 mm
0.18c 0.17* 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* 0.13* 0.12* 0.12* 0.11*
external or internal insulation
Cob (as built) 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.26
Cob with 50 mm external or
0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.35* 0.35* 0.30* 0.25* 0.21* 0.21* 0.20*
internal insulation
Cob with 100 mm external or
0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.24* 0.24* 0.21* 0.19* 0.17* 0.16* 0.15*
internal insulation
Cob with 150 mm external or
0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.18* 0.18* 0.17* 0.15* 0.14* 0.14* 0.13*
internal insulation
Cob with 200 mm external or
0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* 0.13* 0.12* 0.12* 0.11*
internal insulation
Cavity as built 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.26
Unfilled cavity with 50 mm
0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.45 0.35* 0.35* 0.30* 0.25* 0.21* 0.21* 0.20*
external or internal insulation
Unfilled cavity with 100 mm
0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.30 0.24* 0.24* 0.21* 0.19* 0.17* 0.16* 0.15*
external or internal insulation
Unfilled cavity with 150 mm
0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.21 0.18* 0.18* 0.17* 0.15* 0.14* 0.14* 0.13*
external or internal insulation
Unfilled cavity with 200 mm
0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17* 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* 0.13* 0.12* 0.12* 0.11*
external or internal insulation
Filled cavity 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.40 0.35 0.35 0.45† 0.35† 0.30† 0.28† 0.26†
Filled cavity with 50 mm
0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.27 0.25* 0.25* 0.25* 0.25* 0.21* 0.21* 0.20*
external or internal insulation
Filled cavity with 100 mm
0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.20 0.19* 0.19* 0.19* 0.19* 0.17* 0.16* 0.15*
external or internal insulation
Filled cavity with 150 mm
0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.16 0.15* 0.15* 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* 0.14* 0.13*
external or internal insulation
Filled cavity with 200 mm
0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.13* 0.13* 0.13* 0.13* 0.12* 0.12* 0.11*
external or internal insulation
Timber frame as built 2.5 1.9 1.9 1.0 0.80 0.45 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.26
Timber frame with internal
0.60 0.55 0.55 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40† 0.40† 0.40† 0.35† 0.30† 0.28† 0.26†
insulation
System build as built 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.0 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.26
System build with 50 mm
0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.55 0.45 0.35* 0.35* 0.30* 0.25* 0.21* 0.21* 0.20*
external or internal insulation
System build with 100 mm
0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.32* 0.24* 0.24* 0.21* 0.19* 0.17* 0.16* 0.15*
external or internal insulation
System build with 150 mm
0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.21* 0.18* 0.18* 0.17* 0.15* 0.14* 0.14* 0.13*
external or internal insulation
System build with 200 mm
0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17* 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* 0.13* 0.12* 0.12* 0.11*
external or internal insulation
a Or from equations in 6.6 if the calculated U-value is less than 1.7.
b Or from 6.7 if wall thickness is other than 200mm to 280mm
c According to 6.8
* wall may have had internal or external insulation when originally built; this applies only if insulation is known to have
been increased subsequently (otherwise ‘as built’ applies)
† assumed as built

If a wall is known to have additional insulation but the insulation thickness is unknown, use the row in the table for
50 mm insulation

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RdSAP10 Specification (12th February 2024)

Table 7 : Wall U-values – Scotland

Age band A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Wall type
Stone: granite or whinstone
1.7 a 1.0 0.60 0.45 0.45 0.30 0.25 0.22 0.17
as built
According to 6.6
Stone: sandstone or limestone
1.5 a 1.0 0.60 0.45 0.45 0.30 0.25 0.22 0.17
as built
Solid brick as built According to 6.7 1.7b 1.0 0.60 0.45 0.45 0.30 0.25 0.22 0.17
Stone/solid brick with 50 mm
0.55c 0.45* 0.35* 0.30* 0.30* 0.21* 0.19* 0.17* 0.14*
external or internal insulation
Stone/solid brick with 100 mm
0.32c 0.28* 0.24* 0.24* 0.21* 0.19* 0.17* 0.14* 0.12*
external or internal insulation
According to 6.8
Stone/solid brick with 150 mm
0.23c 0.21* 0.18* 0.18* 0.17* 0.15* 0.14* 0.12* 0.10*
external or internal insulation
Stone/solid brick with 200 mm
0.18 c 0.17* 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* 0.13* 0.12* 0.10* 0.09*
external or internal insulation
Cob as built 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.30 0.25 0.22 0.17
Cob with 50 mm external or
0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.35* 0.35* 0.30* 0.21* 0.19* 0.17* 0.14*
internal insulation
Cob with 100 mm external or
0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.24* 0.24* 0.21* 0.19* 0.17* 0.14* 0.12*
internal insulation
Cob with 150 mm external or
0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.18* 0.18* 0.17* 0.15* 0.14* 0.12* 0.10*
internal insulation
Cob with 200 mm external or
0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* 0.13* 0.12* 0.10* 0.09*
internal insulation
Cavity as built 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.60 0.45 0.45 0.30 0.25 0.22 0.17
Unfilled cavity with 50 mm
0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.45 0.35* 0.30* 0.30* 0.25* 0.19* 0.17* 0.14*
external or internal insulation
Unfilled cavity with 100 mm
0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.30 0.24* 0.21* 0.21* 0.19* 0.17* 0.14* 0.12*
external or internal insulation
Unfilled cavity with 150 mm
0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.21 0.18* 0.17* 0.17* 0.15* 0.14* 0.12* 0.10*
external or internal insulation
Unfilled cavity with 200 mm
0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17* 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* 0.13* 0.12* 0.10* 0.09*
external or internal insulation
Filled cavity 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.40 0.35 0.45† 0.45† 0.30† 0.25† 0.22† 0.17
Filled cavity with 50 mm
0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.27 0.25* 0.25* 0.25* 0.25* 0.25* 0.17* 0.14*
external or internal insulation
Filled cavity with 100 mm
0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.20 0.19* 0.19* 0.19* 0.19* 0.19* 0.14* 0.12*
external or internal insulation
Filled cavity with 150 mm
0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.16 0.15* 0.15* 0.15* 0.15* 0.15* 0.12* 0.10*
external or internal insulation
Filled cavity with 200 mm
0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.13* 0.13* 0.13* 0.13* 0.12* 0.10* 0.09*
external or internal insulation
Timber frame as built 2.5 1.9 1.9 1.0 0.80 0.45 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.25 0.22 0.17
Timber frame with internal
0.60 0.55 0.55 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40† 0.40† 0.40† 0.30† 0.25† 0.22† 0.17†
insulation
System build as built 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.0 0.60 0.45 0.45 0.30 0.25 0.22 0.17
System build with 50 mm
0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.55 0.45 0.35* 0.30* 0.30* 0.21* 0.19* 0.17* 0.14*
external or internal insulation
System build with 100 mm
0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.32* 0.24* 0.24* 0.21* 0.19* 0.17* 0.14* 0.12*
external or internal insulation
System build with 150 mm
0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.21* 0.18* 0.18* 0.17* 0.15* 0.14* 0.12* 0.10*
external or internal insulation
System build with 200 mm
0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17* 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* 0.13* 0.12* 0.10* 0.09*
external or internal insulation
a Or from equations in 6.6 if the calculated U-value is less than 1.7.
b Or from 6.7 if wall thickness is other than 200mm to 280mm
c According to 6.8
* wall may have had internal or external insulation when originally built; this applies only if insulation is known to have
been increased subsequently (otherwise ‘as built’ applies)
† assumed as built

If a wall is known to have additional insulation but the insulation thickness is unknown, use the row in the table for
50 mm insulation

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Table 8 : Wall U-values – Northern Ireland

Age band A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Wall type
Stone: granite or whinstone
1.7 b 1.0 0.60 0.45 0.45 - 0.30 0.28 0.18
as built
According to 6.6
Stone: sandstone or limestone as
1.7 b 1.0 0.60 0.45 0.45 - 0.30 0.28 0.18
built
Solid brick as built According to 6.7 1.7c 1.0 0.60 0.45 0.45 - 0.30 0.28 0.18
Stone/solid brick with 50 mm
0.55 0.45* 0.35* 0.30* 0.30* - 0.21* 0.21* 0.15
external or internal insulation
Stone/solid brick with 100 mm
0.32 0.28* 0.24* 0.24* 0.21* - 0.17* 0.16* 0.12
external or internal insulation
According to 6.8
Stone/solid brick with 150 mm
0.23 0.21* 0.18* 0.18* 0.17* - 0.14* 0.14* 0.11
external or internal insulation
Stone/solid brick with 200 mm
0.18 0.17* 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* - 0.12* 0.12* 0.09
external or internal insulation
Cob as built 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.60 0.60 0.45 - 0.30 0.28 0.18
Cob with 50 mm external or
0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.35* 0.35* 0.30* - 0.21* 0.21* 0.15*
internal insulation
Cob with 100 mm external or
0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 - 0.21* 0.16* 0.12*
internal insulation
Cob with 150 mm external or
0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 - 0.20 0.14* 0.11*
internal insulation
Cob with 200 mm external or
0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* - 0.12* 0.12* 0.09*
internal insulation
Cavity as built 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.60 0.45 0.45 - 0.30 0.28 0.18
Unfilled cavity with 50 mm
0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.45 0.35* 0.35* 0.30* - 0.21* 0.21* 0.15*
external or internal insulation
Unfilled cavity with 100 mm
0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.30 0.24* 0.24* 0.21* - 0.17* 0.16* 0.12*
external or internal insulation
Unfilled cavity with 150 mm
0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.21 0.18* 0.18* 0.17* - 0.14* 0.14* 0.11*
external or internal insulation
Unfilled cavity with 200 mm
0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17* 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* - 0.12* 0.12* 0.09*
external or internal insulation
Filled cavity 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.40 0.35 0.45† 0.45† - 0.30† 0.28† 0.18†
Filled cavity with 50 mm external
0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.27 0.25* 0.25* 0.25* - 0.25* 0.21* 0.15*
or internal insulation
Filled cavity with 100 mm
0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.20 0.19* 0.19* 0.19* - 0.19* 0.16* 0.12*
external or internal insulation
Filled cavity with 150 mm
0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.16 0.15* 0.15* 0.15* - 0.15* 0.14* 0.11*
external or internal insulation
Filled cavity with 200 mm
0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.13* 0.13* 0.13* - 0.12* 0.12* 0.09*
external or internal insulation
Timber frame as built 2.5 1.9 1.9 1.0 0.80 0.45 0.40 0.40 0.40 - 0.30 0.28 0.18
Timber frame with internal
0.60 0.55 0.55 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40† 0.40† 0.40† - 0.30† 0.28† 0.18†
insulation
System build as built 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.0 0.60 0.45 0.45 - 0.30 0.28 0.18
System build with 50 mm
0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.55 0.45 0.35* 0.30* 0.30* - 0.21* 0.21* 0.15*
external or internal insulation
System build with 100 mm
0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.32* 0.24* 0.24* 0.21* - 0.17* 0.16* 0.12*
external or internal insulation
System build with 150 mm
0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.21* 0.18* 0.18* 0.17* - 0.14* 0.14* 0.11*
external or internal insulation
System build with 200 mm
0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17* 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* - 0.12* 0.12* 0.09*
external or internal insulation
a Or from equations in 6.6 if the calculated U-value is less than 1.7.
b Or from 6.7 if wall thickness is other than 200mm to 280mm
c According to 6.8
* wall may have had internal or external insulation when originally built; this applies only if insulation is known to have
been increased subsequently (otherwise ‘as built’ applies)
† assumed as built

If a wall is known to have additional insulation but the insulation thickness is unknown, use the row in the table for
50 mm insulation

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RdSAP10 Specification (12th February 2024)

Table 9 : Wall U-values – Wales

Age band A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Wall type
Stone: granite or whinstone 1.7 a 1.0 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.18/0.21#
According to 6.6
Stone: sandstone or limestone 1.7 a 1.0 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.18/0.21#
Solid brick as built According to 6.7 1.7b 1.0 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.18/0.21#
Stone/solid brick with 50 mm
0.55c 0.45* 0.35* 0.35* 0.30* 0.25* 0.21* 0.21* 0.20*
external or internal insulation
Stone/solid brick with 100 mm
0.32c 0.28* 0.24* 0.24* 0.21* 0.19* 0.17* 0.16* 0.15*
external or internal insulation
According to 6.8
Stone/solid brick with 150 mm
0.23c 0.21* 0.18* 0.18* 0.17* 0.15* 0.14* 0.14* 0.13*
external or internal insulation
Stone/solid brick with 200 mm
0.18c 0.17* 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* 0.13* 0.12* 0.12* 0.11*
external or internal insulation
Cob (as built) 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.18/0.21#
Cob with 50 mm external or
0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.35* 0.35* 0.30* 0.25* 0.21* 0.21* 0.20*
internal insulation
Cob with 100 mm external or
0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.24* 0.24* 0.21* 0.19* 0.17* 0.16* 0.15*
internal insulation
Cob with 150 mm external or
0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.18* 0.18* 0.17* 0.15* 0.14* 0.14* 0.13*
internal insulation
Cob with 200 mm external or
0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* 0.13* 0.12* 0.12* 0.11*
internal insulation
Cavity as built 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.18/0.21#
Unfilled cavity with 50 mm
0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.45 0.35* 0.35* 0.30* 0.25* 0.21* 0.21* 0.20*
external or internal insulation
Unfilled cavity with 100 mm
0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.30 0.24* 0.24* 0.21* 0.19* 0.17* 0.16* 0.15*
external or internal insulation
Unfilled cavity with 150 mm
0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.21 0.18* 0.18* 0.17* 0.15* 0.14* 0.14* 0.13*
external or internal insulation
Unfilled cavity with 200 mm
0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17* 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* 0.13* 0.12* 0.12* 0.11*
external or internal insulation
Filled cavity 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.40 0.35 0.35 0.45† 0.35† 0.30† 0.28† 0.18†
Filled cavity with 50 mm
0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.27 0.25* 0.25* 0.25* 0.25* 0.21* 0.21* 0.20*
external or internal insulation
Filled cavity with 100 mm
0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.20 0.19* 0.19* 0.19* 0.19* 0.17* 0.16* 0.15*
external or internal insulation
Filled cavity with 150 mm
0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.16 0.15* 0.15* 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* 0.14* 0.13*
external or internal insulation
Filled cavity with 200 mm
0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.13* 0.13* 0.13* 0.13* 0.12* 0.12* 0.11*
external or internal insulation
Timber frame as built 2.5 1.9 1.9 1.0 0.80 0.45 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.18/0.21#
Timber frame with internal
0.60 0.55 0.55 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40† 0.40† 0.40† 0.35† 0.30† 0.28† 0.18/0.21#†
insulation
System build as built 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.0 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.18/0.21#
System build with 50 mm
0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.55 0.45 0.35* 0.35* 0.30* 0.25* 0.21* 0.21* 0.20*
external or internal insulation
System build with 100 mm
0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.32* 0.24* 0.24* 0.21* 0.19* 0.17* 0.16* 0.15*
external or internal insulation
System build with 150 mm
0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.21* 0.18* 0.18* 0.17* 0.15* 0.14* 0.14* 0.13*
external or internal insulation
System build with 200 mm
0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17* 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* 0.13* 0.12* 0.12* 0.11*
external or internal insulation
a Or from equations in 6.6 if the calculated U-value is less than 1.7.
b Or from 6.7 if wall thickness is other than 200mm to 280mm
c According to 6.8
* wall may have had internal or external insulation when originally built; this applies only if insulation is known to have
been increased subsequently (otherwise ‘as built’ applies)
† assumed as built

If a wall is known to have additional insulation but the insulation thickness is unknown, use the row in the table for
50 mm insulation.
# U-value=0.18W/m2K applicable for houses; U-value=0.21W/m2K applicable for flats

Page 33 of 105
RdSAP10 Specification (12th February 2024)

Table 10 : Wall U-values – Isle of Man

Age band A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Wall type
Stone: granite or whinstone 1.7 a 1.0 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.26
According to 6.6
Stone: sandstone or limestone 1.7 a 1.0 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.26
Solid brick as built According to 6.7 1.7b 1.0 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.26
Stone/solid brick with 50 mm
0.55c 0.45* 0.35* 0.35* 0.30* 0.25* 0.21* 0.21* 0.20*
external or internal insulation
Stone/solid brick with 100 mm
0.32c 0.28* 0.24* 0.24* 0.21* 0.19* 0.17* 0.16* 0.15*
external or internal insulation
According to 6.8
Stone/solid brick with 150 mm
0.23c 0.21* 0.18* 0.18* 0.17* 0.15* 0.14* 0.14* 0.13*
external or internal insulation
Stone/solid brick with 200 mm
0.18c 0.17* 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* 0.13* 0.12* 0.12* 0.11*
external or internal insulation
Cob (as built) 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.26
Cob with 50 mm external or
0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.35* 0.35* 0.30* 0.25* 0.21* 0.21* 0.20*
internal insulation
Cob with 100 mm external or
0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.24* 0.24* 0.21* 0.19* 0.17* 0.16* 0.15*
internal insulation
Cob with 150 mm external or
0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.18* 0.18* 0.17* 0.15* 0.14* 0.14* 0.13*
internal insulation
Cob with 200 mm external or
0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* 0.13* 0.12* 0.12* 0.11*
internal insulation
Cavity as built 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.26
Unfilled cavity with 50 mm
0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.45 0.35* 0.35* 0.30* 0.25* 0.21* 0.21* 0.20*
external or internal insulation
Unfilled cavity with 100 mm
0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.30 0.24* 0.24* 0.21* 0.19* 0.17* 0.16* 0.15*
external or internal insulation
Unfilled cavity with 150 mm
0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.21 0.18* 0.18* 0.17* 0.15* 0.14* 0.14* 0.13*
external or internal insulation
Unfilled cavity with 200 mm
0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17* 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* 0.13* 0.12* 0.12* 0.11*
external or internal insulation
Filled cavity 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.40 0.35 0.35 0.45† 0.35† 0.30† 0.28† 0.26†
Filled cavity with 50 mm
0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.27 0.25* 0.25* 0.25* 0.25* 0.21* 0.21* 0.20*
external or internal insulation
Filled cavity with 100 mm
0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.20 0.19* 0.19* 0.19* 0.19* 0.17* 0.16* 0.15*
external or internal insulation
Filled cavity with 150 mm
0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.16 0.15* 0.15* 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* 0.14* 0.13*
external or internal insulation
Filled cavity with 200 mm
0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.13* 0.13* 0.13* 0.13* 0.12* 0.12* 0.11*
external or internal insulation
Timber frame as built 2.5 1.9 1.9 1.0 0.80 0.45 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.26
Timber frame with internal
0.60 0.55 0.55 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40† 0.40† 0.40† 0.35† 0.30† 0.28† 0.26†
insulation
System build as built 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.0 0.60 0.60 0.45 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.26
System build with 50 mm
0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.55 0.45 0.35* 0.35* 0.30* 0.25* 0.21* 0.21* 0.20*
external or internal insulation
System build with 100 mm
0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.32* 0.24* 0.24* 0.21* 0.19* 0.17* 0.16* 0.15*
external or internal insulation
System build with 150 mm
0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.21* 0.18* 0.18* 0.17* 0.15* 0.14* 0.14* 0.13*
external or internal insulation
System build with 200 mm
0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17* 0.15* 0.15* 0.14* 0.13* 0.12* 0.12* 0.11*
external or internal insulation
a Or from equations in 6.6 if the calculated U-value is less than 1.7.
b Or from 6.7 if wall thickness is other than 200mm to 280mm
c According to 6.8
* wall may have had internal or external insulation when originally built; this applies only if insulation is known to have
been increased subsequently (otherwise ‘as built’ applies)
† assumed as built

If a wall is known to have additional insulation but the insulation thickness is unknown, use the row in the table for
50 mm insulation

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6.5 U-values for Park home walls

Table 11 : Default U-values for park home walls

Age band F G I K L M
Park home as built 1.7 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6
Park home with additional insulation Entered U-value (see section 2.19.1)

6.6 U-values of uninsulated stone walls, age bands A to E

Table 12 : Default U-values of stone walls

Stone wall type Equation
Sandstone or limestone U = 54.876×W-0.561
Granite or whinstone: U = 45.315×W-0.513
Where: W is wall thickness, mm

Apply the adjustment according to Table 14 : Insulation thickness and corresponding resistance if wall
is insulated or dry-lined including lath and plaster.

6.7 U-values for uninsulated brick walls, age bands A to E

Table 13 : Default U-values of brick walls

Wall thickness, mm U-value, W/m2K
Up to 200 mm 2.5
200 to 280 mm 1.7
280 to 420 mm 1.4
More than 420mm 1.1

Apply the adjustment according to Table 14 : Insulation thickness and corresponding resistance if wall
is insulated or/and dry-lined including lath and plaster.

6.8 U-value for insulated walls in age bands A to E

This applies to walls in age bands A to E with insulation, dry-lining or lath and plaster:

1. Obtain the U-value (U0) of the wall without insulation or dry-lining from the corresponding table of
wall U-values (e.g. one of Tables 6 to 10). Call this U0.

2. The U-value of the insulated wall is

1
U=
1
+ Rinsulation
U0
Where:
Uo is a U-value of the building element without insulation, W/m2K (e.g. Tables 6, 7. 8. 9 or 10)

Rinsulation is the additional thermal resistance introduced by the insulation or internal finish
obtained from Table 14 : Insulation thickness and corresponding resistance.

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Table 14 : Insulation thickness and corresponding resistance

Insulation Rinsulation (m2K/W)
thickness
T, mm  =0.04 W/m∙K  =0.03 W/m∙K (optional)  =0.025 W/m∙K
10mm 0.5 0.58 0.65
25mm 0.875 1.08 1.25
50 mm 1.5 1.92 2.25
75mm 2.125 2.75 3.25
100 mm 2.75 3.58 4.25
125mm 3.375 4.42 5.25
150 mm 4 5.25 6.25
175mm 4.625 6.08 7.25
200 mm 5.25 6.92 8.25
 =0.04 W/m∙K is typical for mineral wool, rock wool, fibre glass or EPS (expanded polystyrene);
 =0.03 W/m∙K (optional) typical for XPS (extruded polystyrene),
 =0.025 W/m∙K is typical for PUR (polyurethane foam), PIR (polyisocyanurate), phenolic foam.
For drylining including laths and plaster use Rinsulation = 0.17m2K/W.

Thickness of render is included in the thickness of uninsulated wall.

If thickness of insulation is in between of the values given in this table, the resistance value can be
interpolated by using equations:
R= 0.04*T+0.25 when  =0.025 W/m∙K
R=0.0333*T+0.248 when  =0.03 W/m∙K
R=0.025*T+0.25 when  =0.04 W/m∙K
Where T is thickness of insulation in mm

6.9 U-values of sheltered walls (adjacent to unheated corridor or stairwell)

For sheltered walls of flats and maisonettes (between the dwelling and an unheated corridor or stairwell),
the U-value for the applicable wall area is adjusted as described in SAP10.2 specification Section 3.3

1
U=
1
+ Ru
U0

Where:
Uo is a U-value of the building element without insulation, W/m2K (e.g. from Tables S6, S7 or S8)
or for insulated walls calculated according to sections 6.5 to 6.8.
Ru is the additional thermal resistance,

Use Ru = 0.5 m²K/W for corridors and Ru = 2.1 m²K/W for stairwell (the values are from the SAP10.2
specification).

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6.10 U-values of party walls and walls adjacent to heated corridor and stairwell
The U-value of party walls is taken from Table 15.

Table 15 : U-values of party walls

Party wall type Party wall U-value

Solid masonry / timber frame / system built 0.0
Cavity masonry unfilled 0.5
Cavity masonry filled 0.2
Unable to determine, house or bungalow 0.25
Unable to determine, flat or maisonette* 0.0
*Note. In the case of flats and maisonettes it is assumed that the construction is such as to avoid a thermal
bypass.

6.11 U-values of roofs

6.11.1 Roof insulation present at both joists and rafters

In the case of roofs, the boundary between the heated space and unheated roof space is usually the finished
ceiling of the upper level of the dwelling. The heatloss calculation is based on the U-value at the ceiling
level.

If joist and rafter insulation are both present record joist insulation only. This is because roof U-value
greatly depends on the air changes per hour in the unheated loft space and therefore the presence of
insulation at rafters does not affect the U-value at joists, unless roof space is fully airtight (e.g. ventilation
rate is less than 0.5 air changes per hour). As we do not measure the ventilation rate in the loft space,
RdSAP assumes that the loft space is ventilated.

6.11.2 Roof U-values when loft insulation thickness at joists is known.

The U-value assumed for a pitched roof with an insulated ceiling or the insulation at rafter level should,
where possible, be based on the observed thickness of the loft insulation according to Table 16.

Table 16 : Roof U-values when loft insulation thickness is known

Assumed roof U-value (W/m²K) at the ceiling level.

Insulation
Insulation at joists Insulation at rafters Insulation at joists
thickness
at ceiling level but U-value is attributed (thatched roof only)
(mm)
and flat roof to the ceiling area
(1) (2) (3)
None 2.3 2.3 0.35
12 1.5 1.75 0.32
25 1.0 1.30 0.30
50 0.68 0.88 0.25
75 0.50 0.67 0.22
100 0.40 0.54 0.20
125 0.35 0.45 0.18
150 0.30 0.39 0.17
175 0.25 0.32 0.15
200 0.21 0.29 0.14
225 0.19 0.25 0.13
250 0.17 0.23 0.12

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270 0.16 0.21 0.12

300 0.14 0.19 0.11
350 0.12 0.16 0.10
>= 400 0.11 0.14 0.09
Note: The U-values in Table 16 : take account of timber joists. The insulation is taken as being between
joists only up to 150 mm, and between and over joists thereafter. It also takes into the account sheltering
effect of unheated roof space.

The U-values in Table 16 are for mineral wool or expanded polystyrene insulation.

In other cases, unless provided by the assessor the U-value is taken from Table 18.
For a pitched roof with no access, use the column (1) for ‘at joists” in Table 18.

6.11.3 Roof Room insulation where thickness of insulation is known.

The U-value assumed for a Room in Roof where thickness of insulation is known should, where possible,
be based on the observed thickness of the insulation and the corresponding U-values according to Table 17.

Table 17 : U-values applicable to rooms in roof (RR) where insulation thickness is known.

Insulated slope – Insulated slope - Stud wall u-value

sloping ceiling U-value flat ceiling U-value For Room in Roof
Insulation (1) (2) (3)
thickness Mineral wool PUR or PIR Mineral wool PUR or PIR Mineral wool PUR or PIR
(mm) or EPS slab optional or EPS slab Optional or EPS slab optional
(1a) (1b) (2a) (2b) (3a) (3b)
none 2.3 2.3
12 1.5 1.25 1.75 1.5 0.95 0.85
25 1 0.8 1.25 1 0.7 0.6
50 0.68 0.52 0.88 0.69 0.52 0.45
75 0.5 0.38 0.67 0.51 0.43 0.35
100 0.4 0.3 0.54 0.41 0.36 0.29
125 0.35 0.25 0.45 0.34 0.31 0.24
150 0.3 0.21 0.39 0.29 0.27 0.21
175 0.25 0.17 0.32 0.23 0.24 0.19
200 0.21 0.15 0.29 0.2 0.22 0.17
225 0.19 0.13 0.25 0.18 0.2 0.15
250 0.17 0.11 0.23 0.15 0.18 0.14
270 0.16 0.1 0.21 0.14 0.17 0.13
300 0.14 0.09 0.19 0.13 0.16 0.12
350 0.12 0.08 0.16 0.11 0.14 0.11
>400 0.11 0.07 0.14 0.09 0.12 0.1
Key: EPS – expanded polystyrene slab; PUR – polyurethane rigid insulation; PIR – polyisocyanurate rigid foam

In other cases, unless provided by the assessor the U-value is taken from Table 18.

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6.11.4 Assumed U-values when thickness of insulation cannot be determined.

U-values in Table 18 are used when thickness of insulation cannot be determined.

If retrofit insulation present of unknown thickness use 50 mm.

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Table 18 : Assumed roof U-values when Table 16 or Table 17 do not apply

Assumed Roof U-value (W/m²K) (a)

Pitched, Pitched, Flat roof (b) Room-in- Thatched Thatched Park
slates or tiles, slates or tiles, roof, all roof (c) roof, home
Age
insulation between insulation at elements room-in-
band
joists rafters roof
or unknown
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
(1) (4) (1) (1) (1)
A, B, 0.40 (100 mm) 2.3 2.3 2.3 0.35 0.25 -
C, D
E 0.40 (100 mm) (1) (4) 1.5 (1) 1.5 (1) 1.5 (1) 0.35 0.25 -
F 0.40 (100 mm) (1) (4) 0.68 (1) 0.68 (1) 0.80 (1) 0.35 0.25 1.7
G 0.40 (100 mm) (1) 0.40 (1) 0.40 (1) 0.50 (1) 0.35 0.25 0.6
H 0.30 (150 mm) (1) 0.35 (1) 0.35 (1) 0.35 (1) 0.35 0.25 -
I 0.26 (170 mm) (1) 0.35 (1) 0.35 (1) 0.35 (1) 0.35 0.25 0.35
J 0.16 (270 mm) (1) 0.20 (1) 0.25 (1) 0.30 (1) 0.30 0.25 -
K 0.16 (270 mm) (1) 0.20 (1) 0.25 (1) (2) 0.25 (1) (2) 0.25 (2) 0.25 (2) 0.30
L 0.16 (3) (270 mm) (1) 0.18 (1) 0.18 (1) 0.18 (1) 0.18 0.18 -
M 0.15 (300mm) (1) 0.15 (1) 0.15 (1) 0.15 (1) 0.15 0.15 0.15

(a)
If the roof insulation is “none” use U = 2.3 (all roof types, except for thatched roofs); it takes into the account
sheltering effect of unheated roof space.

(b)
Applies also to roof with sloping ceiling and “unheated space above the building part”. See also 2.14 .

(c)
For thatched roofs if there is also retro-fitted insulation between the rafters reduce the U-value to
1
U= where Rins is 0.7 m²K/W for 50 mm, 1.4 m²K/W for 100 mm and 2.1 m²K/W for 150 mm.
1
+ Rins
U table
(1)
The value from the table applies for unknown and as built.
(2)
0.20 W/m²K in Scotland
(3)
0.15 W/m²K in Scotland
(4)
Most lofts are insulated to at least 100 mm insulation

In the case of roof rooms, the insulation thickness on the flat part of the ceiling should be measured where
possible and the U-value taken from column (2) in Table 17.
The U-value of the remaining parts of the roof rooms, i.e. walls and sloping ceilings, is taken from Table 18
according to the age band of the roof rooms, unless evidence is available as to the insulation of these parts in
which case column (1) in Table 17 applies.

There is no heat loss through the roof of a building part that has the same dwelling above or another dwelling
above.

Note: These U-values take account of joists. They may differ from Elemental U-values in regulations applicable
at the time of construction, where the Elemental U-values in regulations (up to age band H) were set on the basis
of ignoring joists in U-value calculations.

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6.12 U-values of floors next to the ground

Unless provided by the assessor the floor U-value is calculated according to BS EN ISO 13370 using its
area (A) and exposed perimeter (P) and rounded to two decimal places. Floor U-values are obtained
separately for the main dwelling and for any extension, using the applicable area, exposed perimeter and
wall thickness.
The following parameters are used:

– wall thickness (w) in metres as provided in the RdSAP data set or from Table 3 : Wall thickness (mm)
if thickness unknown
– soil type clay (thermal conductivity g = 1.5 W/m·K)
– Rsi = 0.17 m²K/W
– Rse = 0.04 m²K/W
– floor construction as specified by assessor, or from Table 19 if unknown
– all-over floor insulation of thickness as provided by the assessor or from Table 19 if unknown
– thermal conductivity of floor insulation 0.035 W/m·K
(so that Rf = 0.001*dins/0.035 where dins if the insulation thickness in mm)
A non-separated conservatory has an uninsulated solid ground floor and wall thickness 300 mm.
A park home has a suspended timber floor.
For solid ground floors
1. dt =w + g × (Rsi + Rf + Rse)
2. B = 2 × A/P
3. if dt < B, U = 2 × g × ln( × B/dt + 1)/( × B + dt)
4. if dt >= B, U = g / (0.457 × B + dt)
For suspended ground floors:

– thermal resistance of floor deck Rf = 0.2 m²K/W if uninsulated,

or Rf = thermal resistance of insulation + 0.2 if insulated
– height above external ground level h = 0.3 m
– average wind speed at 10 m height v = 5 m/s
– wind shielding factor fw = 0.05
– ventilation openings per m exposed perimeter  = 0.003 m²/m
– U-value of walls to underfloor space Uw = 1.5 W/m²K
1. dg = w + g × (Rsi + Rse)
2. B = 2 × A/P
3. Ug = 2 × g × ln( × B/dg + 1)/( × B + dg)
4. Ux = (2 × h × Uw/B) + (1450 ×  × v × fw/B)
5. U = 1 / (2 × Rsi + Rf + 1/(Ug + Ux))

Table 19 : Basis for floor U-value calculation for ground floors when insulation thickness is unknown

Age band Floor construction (1) All-over floor insulation (2)

England & Scotland Northern Park
Wales Ireland home (3)
A, B suspended timber (4) none none none -
C to F solid none none none none
G solid none none none 25 mm
H solid none 25 mm 25 mm -
I solid 25 mm 50 mm 50 mm 50 mm
J solid 75 mm 75 mm - -
K solid 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm 70 mm
L solid 100 mm 120 mm 100 mm -
M solid 140 mm 180 mm 140 mm 100mm
(1)
Where floor construction is unknown

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(2)
For floors which have retrofitted insulation, use the greater of 50 mm and the thickness according
to the age band.
(3)
Suspended timber in all cases.
(4)
Solid ground floor if underfloor heating.

6.13 U-values of exposed and semi-exposed upper floors

U-values of exposed and semi-exposed upper floors may be available to the assessor.

Otherwise, to simplify data collection no distinction is made in terms of U-value between an exposed floor
(to outside air below) and a semi-exposed floor (to an enclosed but unheated space below) and the U-values
in Table 20 are used.

Table 20 : Exposed/Semi-exposed floor U-values

Age band U-value (W/m²K)

Insulation unknown Insulated Insulated Insulated
or as built 50 mm 100 mm 150 mm
A to G 1.20 0.50 (1) 0.30 0.22
(1)
H or I 0.51 0.50 0.30 0.22
J 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.22
K 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22
L 0.22 (2) 0.22 (2) 0.22 (2) 0.22 (2)
M 0.18 (3) 0.18 (3) 0.18 (3) 0.18 (3)
(1)
Use these values if known to be insulated but insulation thickness not known
(2)
0.18 W/m²K in Scotland
(3)
0.15 W/m²K in Scotland and Wales

6.14 U-value of floor above a partially heated space

The U-value of a floor above partially heated premises is taken as 0.7 W/m²K. This applies typically for a
flat above non-domestic premises that are not heated to the same extent or duration as the flat.

6.15 Allowance for thermal bridging

The thermal bridging factor, y, as defined in Appendix K is taken from Table 21 : Thermal bridging.

Table 21 : Thermal bridging

Thermal bridging factor

y (W/m²K)
Age band Not Park home Park home
A to I 0.15 0.15
J 0.11 0.15
K, L, M 0.08 0.15

Thermal bridging factor “y” is determined according to the age band of the main dwelling and applied to
the all the exposed area including main dwelling, extensions, and non-separated conservatory.

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6.16 Thermal Mass

The thermal mass parameter is taken as:

Table 22 : Thermal mass parameter

Construction type of main building Thermal mass parameter

Timber frame, cob and park home (the three types regardless of 100 kJ/m²K
presence of internal insulation)
or
masonry including stone, solid brick, cavity walls and system built
(all four types with internal insulation)

Masonry including stone, solid brick, cavity walls and system built 250 kJ/m²K
(all four types without internal insulation)

6.17 Basement U-values

For basement walls and floors use values in Table 23 : Basement U-values

Table 23 : Basement U-values

Age band U-value (W/m²K)

Basement Wall Basement Floor
A to E 0.7 0.50
F 0.7 0.50
G to H 0.6 0.5
I 0.45 0.5
J 0.35 0.25
K 0.3 0.22
L 0.28 0.22
M 0.26 0.18

If there is a floor above a basement it is treated as if it were a ground floor for heat loss purposes.

6.18 Curtain wall - U-value and other parameters

See section 2.5 for the definition of a curtain wall.

If documentary evidence is available, use calculated U-value of the whole curtain wall.
Otherwise for the purpose of RdSAP, U= 2.0 W/m2K for pre-2023 curtain walls,
And for post-2023 (2024 in Scotland) U-values as for windows given in Notes below Table 24.

For the whole wall curtain walls use Frame Factor=1.

Software should have a provision for specifying curtain wall.

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7 CONSERVATORY

7.1 Non-separated conservatory

The floor area and volume of a non-separated conservatory are added to the total floor area and volume of
the dwelling. Its roof area is taken as its floor area divided by cos(20°), and wall area is taken as the product
of its exposed perimeter and its height. Its height is estimated from the equivalent number of storey heights
of the dwelling to the nearest half storey (based on average internal height within the conservatory). The
conservatory walls and roof are taken as fully glazed (and this glazed area applied in addition to measured
window areas ). Glazed walls are taken as windows, glazed roof as rooflight, see window U-values in Table
24 : Window characteristics.

The number of storey heights are translated into an actual height according to:
- 1 storey: ground floor room height
- 1½ storey: ground floor room height + 0.25 + 0.5*(first floor room height)
- 2 storey: ground floor room height + 0.25 + first floor room height
etc.

7.2 Separated conservatory.

A separated conservatory with or without fixed heaters is disregarded.

8 SOLAR GAINS
Solar gains are calculated for average overshading (SAP10.2 Table 6d). When all windows are measured
the collected data includes the orientation of each window.

9 WINDOWS AND DOORS

A window is an opening in an external wall or roof of a building, fitted with glass or similar material,
usually in a frame, that admits light.
A door may be treated as a window if it is considered to be highly glazed. Examples of highly glazed doors
are patio doors, fully glazed doors, or French doors.
If in doubt, measure it and treat as a window if glazing area is 60% or more.

9.1 Draught proofing

All external doors and openable windows per building part should be examined for the presence of
draughtproofing.
Refer to RdSAP Conventions if the state of draughtproofing cannot be determined.

If the state of the draught proofing cannot be determined then take triple, double or secondary glazed as
being draughtproofed, and single glazed windows and doors as not draughtproofed.
Include glazing in a non-separated conservatory.

Insulated doors are assumed to be draught proofed, uninsulated doors are assumed to not be draught
proofed.

The percentage draught proofed is calculated as [(number of draughtproofed openable windows & doors)
divided by (total number of openable windows & doors)] x 100.

9.2 Window U-values and g-values

Actual U-values, g-values and frame factors (FF) can be used if known, subject to a documentary evidence.

Default U-values and g-values for windows are in Table 24 : Window characteristics; the values can be
overwritten only if documentary evidence is provided, which can be either a Window Energy Rating
certificate (as defined by BFRC), modelled values or published manufacturer’s data.

The U-value is for a whole window, not a centre pane; it includes the glass AND the frame.

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Refer to RdSAP Conventions for definition of “glazing age” and “glazing gap”.

Table 24 : Window characteristics

Glazing Installed Glazing gap U-value U- U- g-

between panes of (PVC or value value** value
glass wooden (metal (roof
frame) frame) window)
Single Any period - 4.8 5.7 5.3 0.85
England/Wales: before 2002, 6 mm 3.1 3.7 3.4
Double 3.4
Scotland: before 2003 12 mm 2.8 3.1 0.76
glazed*
N. Ireland: before 2006 16 mm or more 2.7 3.3 3.0
England/Wales: before 2002, 6 mm 2.4 2.9 2.6
Triple 12 mm 2.6
Scotland: before 2003 2.1 2.3 0.68
glazed
N. Ireland: before 2006 16 mm or more 2.0 2.5 2.2
England/Wales: 2002 or later,
Double or
Scotland: 2003 or later any 2.0 2.2 2.3 0.72
triple glazed
N. Ireland: 2006 or later
England/Wales: 2022 or later
Double or -
Scotland: 2023 or later any 1.4 1.6 0.72
triple glazed
NI: 2022 or later
16 mm or more
2.9
Secondary Normal emissivity
Any period - - 0.85
glazing 16 mm or more
2.2
Low emissivity
Any
glazing- Any period Any As provided
known data
* Use this row for conservatories and for other double or triple glazing whose installation date is unknown.
** Roof pitch 45° (unless horizontal), wooden or PVC.
Frame factor is 0.7 for wooden or PVC frame; 0.8 for metal frame (not applied if data source is BFRC)
For curtains and blinds no additional adjustment is required as curtains and blinds already accounted in
formula (2) §3.2 in SAP10.2 by adding resistance R=0.04 m2K/W , however:
- If a window is fitted with uninsulated shutters use R=0.13 m2K/W in formula (2) §3.2 in SAP10.2
- If a window is fitted with insulated shutters use R=0.16 m2K/W in formula (2) §3.2 in SAP10.2

Table 25 applies to a non-separated conservatory.

Table 25 : Default U-values for non-separated conservatory

Glazing Age Frame (FF) U-value of U-value of g-

band window roof window value

Single Any Wood/PVC (FF=0.7) 4.8 5.3 0.85

Double Any Wood/PVC (FF=0.7) 3.1 3.4 0.76
(6 mm gap)
Triple Any Wood/PVC (FF=0.7) 2.4 2.6 0.68
(6 mm gaps)

U-values are adjusted for curtains (section 3.2 of the SAP 10.2 specification).

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The orientation of windows in a conservatory is not recorded, thus solar gains are calculated using the
default solar flux (East/West orientation, with 20° pitch for roof windows) in all cases.

9.3 Door U-values

The RdSAP data set contains the total number of external doors and the number of those doors that are
insulated. The U-value of insulated doors is part of the data set; the U-value of other external doors is taken
from Table 26 : Default U-values for doors.

Table 26 : Default U-values for doors

Door opens to Age band Door U-value, W/m2K

Outside A to J U-value =3.0 W/(m2·K)
K U-value =2.0 W/(m2·K)
L E/W and N.I: U-value =1.8
Scotland: U-value =1.6 W/(m2·K)
M 1.4 W/(m2·K)
Unheated corridor or stairwell any U-value =1.4 W/(m2·K)
Heated corridor or stairwell any (omitted from data collection)

A multiple door should be recorded as such, e.g. a double door should be counted as 2 doors (or measured).
A door is counted as insulated only if documentary evidence is provided, which must include U-value or
manufacturer reference enabling the assessor to ascertain the U-value from the manufacturer.

If there is more than one insulated door and they have different U-values, use the average U-value.

An external door is a door that forms part of the heat loss perimeter of the dwelling (including being
covered by a separated conservatory)

If there is more than one insulated door and they have different U-values, enter the average U-value.

See RdSAP Conventions for treatment of highly glazed doors.

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10 ROOM COUNT AND LIVING AREA

10.1 Room count (habitable room count)

The room count is equal to the number of habitable rooms9.

10.1.1 Habitable room count

Habitable rooms include any living room, sitting room, dining room, kitchen/diner, bedroom, study and
similar; and also a non-separated conservatory.

Excluded from the room count are: any room used solely as a kitchen, utility room, bathroom,
cloakroom, en-suite bathroom/shower room/toilet or similar; any hallway, stairs or landing; and also
any room without access to natural daylight.

For a kitchen to be a kitchen/diner it must have space for a table and 4 chairs.

A lounge/dining room where the door was temporarily removed (i.e. architrave and hinges still there) is
counted as two habitable rooms.

A lounge/dining room with the door permanently removed (hinge holes filled, etc.) is one habitable room.

A non-separated conservatory adds to the habitable room count if it has an internal quality door
between it and the dwelling.

If a conservatory is open to the rest of the dwelling it is NOT counted as a separate room.

If a conservatory has an external quality door between it and the dwelling, then the conservatory is
thermally separated from the dwelling and ignored for purposes of RdSAP.

Refer to RdSAP Conventions applicable at the time of assessment for more details.

10.1.2 Heated habitable room count

Includes all habitable rooms heated by either main heating system(s) or fixed secondary heating Bedrooms
with only open fireplaces are disregarded from the heated habitable room count when identifying the
heating systems (main and secondary, refer to SAP10.2 Appendix A section A2.2).

10.2 Living area

The default living area fraction is determined from the number of habitable rooms.

Table 27 : Living area fraction.

Number of rooms: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Living area fraction: 0.75 0.50 0.30 0.25 0.21 0.18 0.16 0.14

Number of rooms: 9 10 11 12 13 14 15+

Living area fraction: 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09

The living area is then the fraction multiplied by the total floor area.

Table 27 gives default living area fractions. Alternatively, living area fraction can be calculated by dividing
measured living area by measured total floor area.

9
In Scotland, usually referred to as ‘apartments’.

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11 SPACE AND WATER HEATING (REFER TO SAP10.2 APPENDIX A)

11.1 Main space heating system(s)

The main heating system is that which heats the largest proportion of dwelling. Main heating system not
usually based on individual room heaters (unless only room heaters are present in the dwelling), and often
provides hot water as well as space heating.

Main heating systems are either identified via the Product Characteristics Database or are categorised on the
basis of the generic types in Tables 4a and 4b in SAP10.2.

In the case of gas or oil boilers, micro-CHP systems and heat pumps, the database is to be used whenever
possible. There is a significant difference between the database efficiency values and the defaults in Table
4a/4b in many cases.

In the case of micro-CHP system or a heat pump, if the Plant Size Ratio is out of range (this is described in
Appendix N in SAP10.2 specification and incorporated in SAP and RdSAP software) the RdSAP software
reports the situation advising the assessor to select:
- in the case of micro-CHP, a condensing boiler;
- in the case of a heat pump, the appropriate one from Table 4a in SAP10.2.

Otherwise space heating systems are those marked “rd” in Tables 4a and 4b in SAP10.2.

The following are to be assumed as not fan-assisted:

▪ gas boiler pre 1998 with balanced or
▪ open flue oil boiler
▪ gas warm air, balanced or open flue

Where no space heating system is present, the calculation is done for portable electric heaters (with no
controls) in all habitable rooms. The control type for this case (as is needed for SAP10.2 Table 9) is 2, the
same as for portable electric heaters with no controls.

For treatment of unheated habitable rooms see SAP10.2 Appendix A.

Where one system is serving both radiators and underfloor, specify the same heat source as main heating 1
and main heating 2 following the rules for “two main heating systems” in RdSAP convention.

11.2 Two main heating systems

RdSAP allows for two main heating systems.

There is an option for two main systems to cover the situation of different systems heating different parts of
the dwelling.
If main system 1 heats all habitable rooms, there is no main system 2 unless it serves DHW only (see
section 11.5).
Main systems 1 and 2 cannot be room heaters except in the case of the dwelling’s heating consisting solely
of room heaters.
A second main system is not to be confused with a secondary heater. See RdSAP Conventions for rules on
secondary heaters.

11.3 Space heating controls

Space heating controls are those marked “rd” in Table 4e in SAP10.2. Some control features whose effect is
small are omitted.

11.4 Secondary heating

The secondary heating system is a room heater type.

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In the case of micro-CHP (only) where SAP 10.2 Table N9 indicates a non-zero secondary heating
requirement and no secondary heater has been specified, RdSAP should include secondary heating by
portable electric heaters for the purposes of the calculation.
A fixed heater in non-habitable rooms is still counted as a secondary heater.
Refer to RdSAP conventions for more details.

11.4.1 Fuels for solid fuel fires

If the appliance can burn only one fuel, specify that fuel (includes exempted appliances burning wood in
Smoke Control Areas).
Otherwise: Refer to RdSAP conventions for more details.

11.5 Water heating

The actual size of hot-water cylinder should be used if it can be obtained from the label on the cylinder.

If the actual size is not determined, the size of a hot-water cylinder is taken as according to Table 28.

Table 28 : Cylinder size

Descriptor Indicative Size to be used in SAP calculation *

size range
Inaccessible if off-peak electric dual immersion: 210 litres
if from solid fuel boiler: 160 litres
otherwise: 110 litres
Normal up to 130 litres 110 litres
Medium 131 – 170 litres 160 litres
Large > 170 litres 210 litres
* Actual size to be used if present in the PCDB data set (and in conjunction with
Domestic Hot Water solar panel data where solar store volume is required)

If water is heated by a dual immersion and the electricity supply is a single meter include Addendum 6.

An electric immersion is assumed dual in the following cases:

- cylinder is inaccessible and electricity tariff is dual;
- the DHW is heated by an electric boiler index (191) in SAP10.2 Table 4a and the electricity tariff is
“dual”.

11.5.1 Separate boiler or heat pump for DHW

If there is a separate boiler or heat pump providing DHW only, specify the two main heating systems as
follows:
- main system 1 is the one providing space heating (100% of heat is from main system 1);
- main system 2 is the one providing DHW (0% of heat from main system 2);

If both main heating systems supply space heating only, a generic DHW-only boiler can be selected from
the water heating options.

11.6 Back boilers

Where water heating is from a back boiler or room heater with boiler, and the boiler provides water heating
only, the appropriate fire or room heater is identified in the data collection process, and the water heating is
identified as from main system or from secondary system.
Where the back boiler provides space heating:

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- if gas, the back boiler is selected as main heating, the associated fire is selected as the secondary heating,
and the water heating is from main system.
- if oil or solid fuel, the combination of room heater and boiler is selected as main heating and provides the
water heating as well.

In the case of a gas fire with back boiler, the efficiency of the fire is from the room heater section of Table
4a according to the type of fire and the efficiency of the back boiler is 65% (from water heating section of
Table 4a).

In the case of oil or solid fuel, the efficiency from the room heater section of Table 4a is applied to both the
fire/room heater and the back boiler.

11.7 No water heating system

Where no water heating system is present, the calculation is done for an electric immersion heater. If the
electric meter is dual the immersion heater is also dual, but is a single immersion otherwise (including
unknown meter). The calculation is done for a cylinder defined by the first row of Table 28 : Cylinder size
and the first row of Table 29 : Heating and hot water parameters.

11.8 Solar water heating

Calculation according to SAP 10.2.
Refer to RdSAP Conventions for additional information.

11.9 Flue gas heat recovery

Calculation according to SAP 10.2 Appendix G.
Refer to RdSAP Convention for additional information.

11.10 Waste water heat recovery

Calculation according to SAP 10.2 Appendix G.
Refer to RdSAP Convention for additional information.

11.11 Space and water heating assumptions

Parameters in Table 29 : Heating and hot water parameters are supplementing data in Table 31 : Data
to be collected

Table 29 : Heating and hot water parameters

Parameter Value
Hot water cylinder insulation if not Age band of main property A to F: 12 mm loose jacket
accessible Age band of main property G, H: 25 mm foam
Age band of main property I to M: 38 mm foam
Cylinder thermostat if no access No cylinder thermostat (but see also §9.4.9 in SAP10.2,
A cylinder thermostat should be assumed to be present when
DHW is from heat network (HN), an immersion heater, a
thermal store, combi boiler or CPSU.
Cylinder heat exchanger area 1.0 m²
(required for some database heat However, if data from database, from PCDB then all details
pumps) are from PCDB
Insulation of primary pipework Age bands A to J: none
Age band K. L, M: full
Space heating circulation pump for Within heated space
wet systems
Oil pump for oil boilers Not in heated space

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Parameter Value
Gas boilers pre-1998, balanced or Not fan-assisted
open flue
Oil boilers from SAP table Not fan-assisted
CPSU In airing cupboard
Gas: if data from Table 4b, store volume 80 litres, store loss
rate 2.72 kWh/day
Gas: if data from database use store volume and insulation
thickness from database
Electric: store volume 300 litres, store loss rate 3.16 kWh/day,
store temperature 90°C
Gas warm air system, balanced or Not fan assisted
open flue (not the fan-assisted
types)
Solid fuel boiler or room heater Not HETAS approved
Underfloor heating If dwelling has a ground floor, then according to the floor
construction (see Table 19 if unknown):
- solid, main property age band A to E: concrete slab
- solid, main property age band F to M: in screed
- suspended timber: in timber floor
- suspended, not timber: in screed
Otherwise (i.e. upper floor flats), take floor as suspended
timber if the wall is timber frame and as solid for any other
wall type, and apply the rules above.
Emitter temperature for condensing If unknown in RdSAP dataset:
boilers and heat pumps - if heating by radiators, > 45°C
- underfloor heating, <= 35°C
Design water use target not more No
than 125 litres per person per day
Hot water separately timed No programmer, pre-1998 boiler: - No
Programmer, pre-1998 boiler: - Yes
Post-1998 boiler: - Yes
Hot water cylinder in heated space Yes
Boiler interlock Assumed present if there is a room thermostat and (for stored
hot water systems heated by the boiler) a cylinder thermostat.
Otherwise not interlocked.
Summer immersion where DHW is Yes; single immersion unless already has dual immersion
provided by a solid fuel open fire or
closed room heater
Supplementary immersion heater Yes if generic heat pump supplying space and water heating
for DHW from heat pump (from Table 4a in SAP10.2).
Not applicable if heat pump from database since
supplementary heating is incorporated in the water heating
efficiency in the database record.
Assume dual immersion if electricity tariff is dual, otherwise
single immersion.
Electricity tariff See section 13

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Parameter Value
Solar panel If solar panel present, the parameters for the calculation not
provided in the RdSAP data set are:
- panel aperture area 3 m²
- flat panel, 0 = 0.80, a1 = 4.0, a2 = 0.01
- facing South, pitch 30°, modest overshading
- if regular boiler: combined cylinder, solar part one-third of
total rounded to nearest litre (if separate pre-heat cylinder,
assess total cylinder size (Table 28) on the basis of both
cylinders)
- if water heating by:
- combi boiler
- CPSU
- heat pump (including hot water only)
- micro-CHP with integral DHW vessel
- instantaneous water heater
- or community heating
assume a 75-litre pre-heat cylinder.
- pump for solar-heated water is electric (75 kWh/year)
- showers are both electric and non-electric
Storage waste water heat recovery Dedicated storage volume:
WWHR system - if combined, one third of the total cylinder size rounded to
the nearest litre
- if separate, the mean of the high and low dedicated volumes
in the data record, rounded to the nearest litre.
Heat Network (HN) supplying For HN with data in the PCDB, the network data are used for
- space and water, or plant efficiency, distribution loss and pumping energy.
- space heating only Otherwise:
- system based on boilers with efficiency 80% or heat pump
with efficiency 300%
- see Table 12c in SAP10.2
- if CHP (waste heat or geothermal treat as CHP):
fraction of heat from CHP = 0.35
CHP overall efficiency 75%
heat to power ratio = 2.0
boiler efficiency 80%

Heat Network (HN) supplying For HN with data in the PCDB, the network data are used for
- water heating only plant efficiency, distribution loss and pumping energy.
Otherwise:
- system based on boilers with efficiency 80% or heat pump
with efficiency 300%
- flat-rate charging
or if CHP
fraction of heat from CHP = 1.0
CHP overall efficiency 75%
heat to power ratio = 2.0
HN – charging method As per SAP10.2 Table 4e Group 3: Heat networks

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12 ADDITIONAL ITEMS

12.1 Photovoltaics

The calculation is as follows:

a) If the kWp (or DNC) is known, calculate the annual contribution according to M1 in Appendix M. Up to
three separate PV arrays are allowed for, each with their own kWp, tilt orientation and overshading as
given in SAP10.2 Table H2, so that RdSAP10 uses the same overshading for PV and solar thermal.
b) If the kWp (or DNC) is not known use the following:
- PV area is roof area for heat loss (before amendment for any room-in-roof), times percent of roof
area covered by PVs, and if pitched roof divided by cos(35°). If there is an extension, the roof area is
adjusted by the cosine factor only for those parts having a pitched roof.
- kWp is 0.12  PV area.
- if not provided in the RdSAP data set then facing South, pitch 30°, modest overshading

Basis of “0.12”: mainstream solar panels generate an average of around 120 Wp (0.12kWp) per
square meter. Hence for a 1 kWp system you will need around 8m2 of roof size.

Calculation example if kWp or DNC of PV battery is not known:

Estimated ceiling area is 10m2
Divide 10m2 by cos(35) to estimate the required area of pitched roof; 10/0.819=12.2 m2.
kWp=12.2*1.2=1.46 kWp

Refer to RdSAP Conventions for more details.

12.2 PV diverters and PV batteries

If PV diverters are present, the calculation procedure is given in SAP 10.2 section G4.

Assessor needs to collect information on:

1) Number of Batteries;
2) Capacity of each battery:
• Use default capacity of one battery = 5kW if actual capacity not available, or
• Actual capacity

12.3 Wind turbine

If present and details not provided in the RdSAP data set, calculate for 1 turbine with 2 m rotor diameter
and 2 m hub height.

12.4 Small scale hydro generators

If present and details are available, the calculation is according to SAP10.2 specification, where the
calculation can be either for a year or for each month.

12.5 Shutters and blinds

Shutter is a product, where the curtain is made of a rigid material, installed to provide or modify
characteristics such as thermal and visual properties of an existing glazed surface (e.g. window, door) to
which it is applied.

The approach applies to all shutters and external venetian blinds whatever their use and nature of
the materials used:

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1
U window _ and _ shutter =
1/ U window + R

Where:
Uwindow – U-value of a whole window (including window frame) without a shutter, W/m2K
Uwindow_and_shutetr – U-value of a whole window without a shutter, W/m2K
∆R – additional resistance, m2K/W

Refer to Table 24 : Window characteristics for ∆R associated with shutters and blinds.

12.6 Special features (Appendix Q technologies)

The procedures described in Appendix Q are also applicable to RdSAP assessments. Only Appendix Q
items marked “for the use in RdSAP” should be used.

12.7 Technical Notes

The procedures described in Technical Notes are also applicable to RdSAP assessments. RdSAP software
should therefore allow using Technical Notes marked “for the RdSAP use.”

12.8 Terrain
Terrain type should be based on the abundance of obstacles in the curtilage of the dwelling, not necessarily
the characteristics of the surrounding area.

For example, a site containing a number of dwellings but away from a village/town should be classed as
suburban as the number of dwellings would likely make the use of a wind turbine unviable.

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13 ELECTRICITY TARIFF

The electricity meter is recorded as single, dual (two separate readings), dual 18-hour, dual 24-hour or
unknown (if inaccessible). Dual 24-hour is possible in Scotland and some parts of northern
Northumberland.

Off-peak tariff is needed for the intended operation of:

- electric storage heaters (401 to 409)
- underfloor heating (421 or 422, but not 424)
- electric dry core or water storage boiler (193, 195)
- electric CPSU (192)
- dual electric immersion
If it is a single meter when any of these are present enter heating as panel heaters and/or immersion as
single, and include Addendum 6.

If the electricity meter is unknown, treat as single meter except where:

- main heating or water heating are intended to run off an off-peak tariff (per systems listed in text box
above) or
- main heating is ground source or water source heat pump.
If that results in a dual meter, assign tariff per rules 1. to 4. below.

If the electricity meter is single, the tariff is standard electric tariff and if the meter is dual 18-hour/24-hour
it is 18-hour/24-hour tariff. Otherwise the choice between 7-hour and 10-hour is determined as follows.
1. If the main heating system (or main system if there are two) is an electric CPSU (192) it is 10-hour
tariff.
2. Otherwise, if the main heating system (or either main system if there are two) is:
- electric storage heaters (401 to 409), or
- electric dry core or water storage boiler (193 or 195), or
- electric underfloor heating (421 or 422)
it is 7-hour tariff.
3. If that has not resolved it then if the main heating system (or either main system if there are two) is:
- direct-acting electric boiler (191), or
- heat pump (211 to 224, 521 to 524, or database), or
- electric room heaters (unless assumed because there is no heating system).
it is 10-hour tariff.
4. If none of the above applies it is 7-hour tariff. This includes assumed electric heaters because there
is no heating system.

A dual meter is possible even if off-peak is not used for heating or DHW.

If dual, assign electricity uses to tariffs according to 12.4.3.

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14 ADDENDUM TO EPCS
Where a feature, e.g. wall type or heating system, is not part of the reduced data set, a near equivalent
should be selected. For the circumstances indicated below, an explanation can be provided on the EPC by
way of an addendum.

Table 30 : Addendum

Reference Circumstances Addendum text on EPC

Number
1 Wall type does not correspond to The dwelling has a type of wall that is not included in
options available in RdSAP the available options. The nearest equivalent type was
used for the assessment.
4 Dwelling has a swimming pool The energy assessment for the dwelling does not
include energy used to heat the swimming pool.
5 Dwelling has micro-CHP The performance characteristics of the micro-CHP
system in this dwelling are not known and default
values were used for the assessment.
6 Off-peak appliance(s) with single meter A dual rate appliance(s) is present with a single-rate
supply. A single-rate appliance has been used for the
assessment. Changing the electricity tariff to an off-
peak (dual rate) supply is likely to reduce fuel costs
and improve the energy rating.
8 PVs or wind turbine present on the The assessment does not include any feed-in tariffs that
property (England, Wales or Scotland) may be applicable to this property but may include a
benefit for the export of excess generation to the Grid.
9 Two main heating systems and heating As there is more than one heating system, you should
system upgrade is recommended seek professional advice on the most cost-effective
option for upgrading the systems.
10 Dual electricity meter selected but there The assessment has been done on the basis of an off-
is also an electricity meter for standard peak electricity tariff. However some heating or hot
tariff water appliances may be on the standard domestic
tariff.
11 Single electricity meter selected but The assessment has been done on the basis of the
there is also an electricity meter for an standard domestic electricity tariff. However some
off-peak tariff heating or hot water appliances may be on an off-peak
tariff.
12 Dwelling is using a biomass fuel that is The dwelling uses a type of fuel that is not included in
not in the RdSAP fuel options the available options. The nearest equivalent fuel type
was used for the assessment.
13 Dwelling has a special energy saving The dwelling has a special energy saving feature which
feature is recognised in the assessment, but its impact on the
savings shown for other improvement measures is
ignored.
14 Conservation area Conservation area
15 PV recommended When considering the PV installation consider
installing PV battery and a PV diverter for water
heating
16 PV-independent battery storage present The assessment does not include PV-independent battery
storage

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Reference Circumstances Addendum text on EPC

Number
17 “Phase-changing” heat storage present The assessment does not include “Phase-changing” heat
storage
18 Party wall insulation Party wall is a property of two homes. If acoustic
issues are important seek professional advice before
insulating party wall. Insulating party wall on one side
may cause condensation risk to adjoining property.

The list of addenda shown above is current at the date of this document; items will be modified or added as
appropriate. An addendum may be added as a temporary measure; if an addendum is used frequently the
reduced data set will be extended in a future revision so as to avoid the need for it.

Software displays the current list of possible addenda (showing the ‘circumstances’ for each one); the
assessor can select one or more to be included on the EPC.

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15 CLIMATE DATA
For ratings (SAP rating and EI rating), the calculations are done using the UK average climate data as
follows:
External temperature: row for UK average in SAP10.2 Table U1.
Wind speed: row for UK average in SAP 10.2 Table U2.
Solar radiation on horizontal surfaces: row for UK average in SAP 10.2 Table U3.
Solar radiation on vertical surfaces (for calculation of solar gains) and solar radiation on inclined
surfaces (for solar panels and PVs): from the radiation on the horizontal converted by the
procedures in SAP10.2 section U3.2.

For costs and savings, energy demand, total emissions and primary energy, the calculations are done using
the climate data for the location of the property, as follows:
External temperature, wind speed, solar radiation on horizontal surfaces: data provided for each
postcode district.
Solar radiation on vertical surfaces (for calculation of solar gains) and solar radiation on inclined
surfaces (for solar panels and PVs): from the radiation on the horizontal for the property’s
postcode converted by the procedures in SAP10.2 section U3.2.

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16 ROUNDING OF DATA
For consistency of application, after expanding the RdSAP data into SAP data using the rules in this
Appendix, the data are rounded before being passed to the SAP calculator. The rounding rules are:
U-values: 2 d.p.
All element areas (gross) including window areas and conservatory wall area: 2 d.p.
All internal floor areas and living area: 2 d.p.
Storey heights and conservatory height: 2 d.p.
Draught strip percent and multiple glazing percent: integer
Solar part of combined cylinder: integer
kWp for photovoltaics, etc.: 2 d.p.

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17 IMPROVEMENT MEASURES
The effect of improvement measures is assessed by amending the data for the existing dwelling according
to the improvement measure being considered.

When a number of measures are being considered, the effect of any one of them on the SAP and
Environmental Impact ratings depends, in general, on the order in which they are introduced.
A standard list of improvement measures and how their effect on energy performance is to be assessed is
provided in Section 21.

Recommendations should be supressed by RdSAP Assessor only if there is documentary evidence showing
that a specific recommendation is not appropriate. A listed building or a property in a conservation area is
not sufficient grounds in its own right to suppress a recommendation. If a recommendation is removed this
must be recorded with reasons in site notes. Further guidance on specific recommendations can be sought
from an appropriate professional organisation, for example heating engineers, building control officers,
product manufacturers, trade associations, etc.

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18 DATA TO BE COLLECTED
Table 31 : Data to be collected

Code Item Data Comment

FOR THE DWELLING AS A WHOLE

1-1 Country One of:

- England
- Wales
- Scotland
- Northern Ireland
- Isle of Man
1-2 Region One of those in SAP 10.2 Table U1 Derived from the postcode of
For Isle of Man see section 19 of this the property
document (Note: for Isle of Man use
Region 22, Isle of Man for all
postcodes)
See section 19 Additional
climate Data for Isle of Man
1-3 Transaction type One of: Non-marketed sale includes
- marketed sale right-to-buy
- non-marketed sale
- rental Refer to RdSAP Conventions
- grant-scheme (ECO, RHI, etc.) for additional details.
- non-grant scheme (e.g MEES)
- stock condition survey/EESSH
- re-mortgaging
- none of the above
1-4 Tenure One of Private rented includes
- owner-occupied institutions (e.g. university);
- rented (social) Refer to RdSAP Conventions
- rented (private) for additional details.
- unknown

1-5 Dwelling type One of

- house
- bungalow
- flat
- maisonette
- park home
1-6 Built form and Classification according to section 2.1 Detachment does not need to be
detachment of this document. recorded for flats/maisonettes,
provided that internal
dimensions are being used.
1-7 Number of rooms Number of habitable rooms Total number of habitable
and rooms as defined in section
Number of heated habitable rooms 10.1, inclusive of main property
and any extension.
A heated habitable room is one
with a fixed heat emitter in the
room.

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Code Item Data Comment

Refer to Section A3.2 in
Appendix A3 (in SAP10.2).
Note: this is used to define
which heating is main and
which is a secondary in
inadequately heated dwellings.
1-8 Dimension type Measured internally or externally Applies to areas and perimeters.
Room heights always measured
internally within the room. See
section 4.
1-9 Conservatory One of For the definition of separated
- no conservatory conservatory see section 3.3.3 in
- separated, no fixed heaters SAP10.2.
- separated, fixed heaters Separated conservatory – use
- not separated the approach given in section
7.2.

1-10 Non-separated Floor area Non-separated conservatory –

conservatory only Glazed perimeter use the approach given in
Double glazed (yes/no) section 7.1
Height (number of half storeys of main
dwelling)

1-11 Flats and maisonettes Heat loss corridor/stairwell, one of:

only - no corridor/stairwell
- heated corridor/stairwell
- unheated corridor
--unheated stairwell
1-12 If unheated corridor/stairwell, length of This is the length of wall
sheltered wall adjacent to between flat and
corridor/stairwell corridor/stairwell.
If a flat or maisonette is
sheltered on more than one
storey this is the total of the
sheltered lengths on each storey.
1-13 Floor level relative to the lowest level This is the lowest floor level if
of the building (0 for ground floor). property has more than one
storey. If there is a basement,
the basement is level 0 and the
other floors from 1 upwards.
1-14 Property position, one of: This is used for the description
- ground floor of the dwelling type on the EPC
- mid floor (e.g. ‘Top-floor flat’)
- top floor
1-15 Number of extensions Between 1 and 4
(assuming that there are
one or more extensions)

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Code Item Data Comment

1-16 Is dwelling export- Yes or No The savings associated with
capable generated electricity depends on
whether it is used directly
within the dwelling or exported.
Savings depend on factor β
(from 0 to 1) which indicates
proportion of electricity used in
the dwelling.
See Section M in SAP10.2
specification.

1-17 Presence of smart meter Yes or No Does not affect the calculation;
used for statistical reasons only.
1-18 Presence of smart meter Yes or No Does not affect the calculation;
for gas used for statistical reasons only.

FOR EACH BUILDING PART

A building part is main dwelling, extension 1, extension 2, extension 3 or extension 4

2-1 Age band According to Table 1 : Age bands Note differences for England,
Wales, Scotland , NI, and Isle of
Man
2-2 Below the building part Below the building part there is: a) Ground floor: use §6.12
a) ground floor
b) partially/intermittently b) A partially heated space
heated space (commercial premises) below applies when a building
a) c) unheated space part is above non-domestic
d) external air premises. Refer to § 6.14
e) same dwelling
f) another dwelling c) An unheated space below
applies when it is above a space
not used for habitation.
Refer to Table 20, and Table 19

External air is treated as

“exposed”, Refer to Table 20
“Same dwelling”: U=0
“Another dwelling”: U=0

If a building part is above more

than one type, it is classified
according to the largest floor
area concerned.

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Code Item Data Comment

2-3 Above the building part Above the building part there is: See section 6
a) pitched roof (slates or tiles), access a) Table 16 or U-value
to loft
b) Table 18
b) pitched roof (slates or tiles), no
access c) Table 18
c) pitched roof, sloping ceiling d) Table 18
d) pitched roof (thatched) e) Table 18
e) flat roof
f) value from Table 18
f) non-residential/other unheated space column (3) and R=0.5
g) same dwelling above m²K/W as given in
h) another dwelling above section 2.14
g) U=0
h) U=0
For a park home select pitched
or flat roof type as appropriate.
2-4 Dimensions For each storey: For each building part.
- Area If measured externally, Table 2
- Average room height is used to convert floor areas
and perimeters to internal
- Exposed perimeter
dimensions.
(from lowest occupied floor up to
lowest occupied + 6) Floor area and exposed
perimeter used for calculating
- Party wall length on each storey floor U-value.

Floor

3-1 Floor construction One of: For lowest floor of the building
- unknown part. Not if another dwelling or
- solid other premises below.
- basement floor Details used for ventilation
- suspended timber algorithm and for U-value
- suspended, not timber according to 6.12

3-2 Floor insulation One of: Not if another dwelling or other

- unknown premises below.
- as built There must be evidence for
- retro-fitted retro-fitted insulation.
Table 19 : Basis for floor U-
value calculation for ground
floors when insulation
thickness is unknown

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Code Item Data Comment

3-3 Floor insulation One of: Only if floor insulation is retro-
thickness - unknown fitted. Applies to ground floors
- 25 mm and exposed upper floors.
- 50 mm
- 75 mm Assessor specifies thickness of
- 100 mm floor insulation (in mm), and
- 125 mm software calculates U-value
- 150 mm according to § 6.12;
-175 mm or Table 19 is used when
-200 mm insulation thickness is unknown.

3-4 Known floor U-value U-value in W/m² ‘U-value’ calculated on a basis

of insulation thickness
according to § 6.12 and known
U-value are mutually exclusive
alternatives.

Walls

4-1 Wall type External wall for each building part

Alternative wall 1
Alternative wall 2
4-2 Wall construction of One of: “park home wall” is the only
each wall type - stone (granite or whinstone) option for a park home.
- stone (sandstone or limestone)
- solid brick
Measurement of basement walls
- cob
will be subject to RdSAP
- cavity
Conventions.
- timber frame
- park home wall
- system build (i.e. any other)
- basement wall
- curtain wall
4-3 Wall thickness of each Wall thickness in mm (or unknown if it Where thickness varies for the
wall type cannot be measured). same construction use the
average of the measured values.
For curtain wall thickness of
wall is not required as it can be
included only via specifying U-
value.
4-4 Wall insulation type of One of: External, cavity or internal
each wall type - as built insulation to be indicated only if
- external added subsequent to original
- filled cavity construction and evidence
- internal exists.
- cavity plus external If it has only the insulation that
- cavity plus internal was part of the original
- unknown construction it is ‘as built.’

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Code Item Data Comment

4-5 Known wall insulation One of: Only if wall insulation is
thickness for each stone - unknown external, internal, or cavity
or brick wall - 10 mm (filled or unfilled) plus external
- 25 mm or internal.
(Applies to U-value for
- 50 mm
insulated walls in age Table 14 : Insulation thickness
- 75 mm
bands A to E where and corresponding resistance
- 100 mm
equations are used to
- 125 mm
calculate U-value of
- 150 mm
uninsulated wall)
- 175 mm
- 200 mm
- other measured thickness, mm

4-6 Thermal conductivity of One of: Only if documentary evidence is

insulation  in W/m2K  =0.04 W/m∙K available
 =0.03 W/m∙K If no documentary evidence of
 =0.025 W/m∙K thermal property of insulation is
available, assume  =0.04
W/m∙K
4-7 Wall U-value of each U-value in W/m²K where known; ‘Insulation thickness’ and ‘U-
wall type for each wall type. value’ are mutually exclusive
alternatives.
Sources of data are defined in
RdSAP Conventions

4-8 Wall dry-lined or lath yes/no Only for uninsulated stone, solid
and plaster brick or cavity walls in age
bands A to E.

4-9 If present, All the above items for walls, plus Sheltered wall applies only to
Alternative wall 1 and - net area of alternative wall 1 the building part of a flat or
Alternative wall 2 - is it a sheltered wall adjacent to maisonette that is adjacent to an
corridor/stairwell (yes/no) unheated corridor or stairwell.
(for any building part
with an alternative wall) - net area of alternative wall 2 If sheltered, its area is
- is it a sheltered wall adjacent to calculated from the shelter
corridor/stairwell (yes/no) length and not specified
separately.
Also see code 1-12.

4-10 Party wall construction One of: Except for detached properties
- solid masonry, timber frame there must be at least one
or system built building part with a party wall.
- masonry cavity unfilled ‘not applicable’ applies to a
- masonry cavity filled detached property and to
- not applicable building parts of other
- unable to determine properties not adjoining a party
wall.

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Code Item Data Comment

4-12 Party wall insulation One of: Only if documentary evidences
- Not filled are available.
- Filled §6.10 gives U-values of party
walls.

Roof

5-1 Roof insulation (if not One of: 'None' does not apply to a flat
same or another dwelling - none roof or to a pitched roof with
above) - at joists sloping ceiling.
- at rafters There must be evidence for
- flat roof insulation joist, rafter, flat roof or sloping
- sloping ceiling insulation ceiling insulation, otherwise it is
- unknown ‘unknown.’
‘At rafters’ can apply to a
thatched roof.
5-2 Roof insulation thickness One of: 12, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, Only for roof insulation at joists
(loft space at ceiling 175, 200, 225, 250, 270, 300, 350, and where can be accessed.
level). 400+ mm If none or unknown this is
Pitched roof with recorded via the preceding item.
insulation at joists,
Table 16 includes U-values for
applies to roof or parts of
different thickness of insulation
roof without roof room.
for insulation at ceiling level,
insulation is at rafters, but U-
value is attributed to the ceiling
area and when insulation is at
ceiling level for thatched roofs.
Use the appropriate column in
Table 16.

5-3 Rafter insulation One of: Only if roof insulation is ‘at

thickness - unknown rafters’ following the roof slope.
- as built
If insulation present at joists and
- thickness one of 12, 25, 50, 75, 100,
rafter level, rafter insulation is
125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 270,
disregarded.
300, 350, 400+ mm
Insulated slope: use column (1)
“Unknown or as built” in
Table 18

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Code Item Data Comment

5-4 Flat roof insulation One of: Only if roof insulation is ‘flat
thickness roof insulation’
- unknown
If unknown: Table 18 :
- as built
Assumed roof U-values when
If known, one of: Table 16 or Table 17 do not
12, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, apply
200, 225, 250, 270, 300, 350, If as built: Table 18 : Assumed
400+ mm roof U-values when Table 16
or Table 17 do not apply
If known: Table 16 : Roof U-
values when loft insulation
thickness is known
5-5 Sloping ceiling One of: Only if roof insulation is
insulation thickness - unknown ‘sloping ceiling insulation’
- as built
If known, one of: Unknown as built - Table 18
12, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, If known, - use column (1a) or
225, 250, 270, 300, 350, 400+ mm (1b) in Table 17

5-6 Roof U-value Value in W/m²K ‘Insulation thickness’ (loft,

rafter, flat roof or sloping
ceiling) and ‘U-value’ are
mutually exclusive alternatives
5-7 Roof room age band According to Table 1 The age band of the roof rooms
can be different to that of the
rest of the building part.
5-8 Roof room areas and U- Area* and U-value for: Only where these details are
value details - flat ceiling measured; if so, they supersede
(when all elements are - sloping ceiling roof room insulation and roof
measured) - stud wall room insulation thickness of RR
- gable wall type1 and RR type 2.
(up to 2 of each of these)
-continuous common wall *Area is calculated from length
and height of each element.

5-9 Roof room type One of: RR type 1 and RR type 2

RR Type 1 (True RR) defined in section 2.16
RR Type 2 (with the accessible areas of
continuous common walls)

5-10 Roof room dimensions Area of RR derived from floor See section 4.9.1
for RR type 1 dimension (length and width); U-values of RR walls – see
(True RR) Length of Gable 1; Table 4 : U-values of gable-
Length of Gable 2 (if applicable). end and other walls in RR
Length of party wall (if applicable)
Length of sheltered wall (if applicable)
Length of connected wall (if
applicable)

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Code Item Data Comment

5-10 Roof room details Area of RR derived from floor See section 4.9.2
for RR type 2 dimension (length and height);
Gable 1: Gable end wall can be one of
(with the accessible areas
Length of Gable 1; walls in
of continuous common
Height of Gable 1; Table 4 : U-values of gable-
walls)
end and other walls in RR
Gable (if applicable) 2:
Length of Gable 2;
Height of Gable 2;

Common walls:
Length of common wall 1;
Height of common wall 1;
Length of common wall 2 (if present)
Height of common wall 2 (if present)

5-11 Roof room insulation Insulation thickness, one of: For unknown or as built use
thickness and type - Unknown values from Table 18
(each part/component of - As-built
roof of roof room) If known insulation thickness
- Known insulation thickness (mm) use Table 17 with the details of
- One of: 0, 12, 25, 50, 75, 100, insulation (mineral wool/EPS or
125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, PUR/PIR)
270, 300, 350, 400+ mm,
Insulation type, one of:
- Mineral wool or EPS
- PUR or PIR

5.12 Known U-value - U-value (W/m2K) ‘Insulation thickness’ and ‘U-

value’ are mutually exclusive
alternatives.
Known U-values would require
documentary evidence

OPENINGS (WINDOWS AND DOORS)

6-1 Number of external Total number of external doors Doors to a heated access
doors and corridor are not included in the
door count.
Number of insulated external doors
with known U-value(s) Number of insulated external
doors required if their U-value
is known.

6-2 Door U-value Two options possible; a) Default U-values given in

a) Default U-value in W/m²K Table 26 : Default U-
values for doors
b) Known U-value in W/m²K
b) Known U-value is subject
to documentary evidence
Average door U-value can be
used if doors have different
known U-values

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Code Item Data Comment

6-3 Windows dimensions Dimensions of each window (including Area of each window (in m2) is
and orientation frame): calculated by software from
(not including any • Height (m) height (in m) and width (in m)
separated conservatory) • Width (m) of each window.
Orientation
one of S, SE, E ,NE, N, NW ,W, SW, Windows are assigned to the
or horizontal relevant wall type (e.g. windows
in external walls assigned to
external wall; windows in
alternative wall 1 are assigned
to Alternative wall 1, etc.).
Glazed parts of sun rooms are
treated as windows and the
dimensions are measured.
6-4 Window data sources Options possible for acquiring U- Default data is in Table 24 :
values and g-values: Window characteristics.
a) Default data Known data can be from BFRC,
b) Known data (from BFRC) From Manufacturer, or
c) Known data (from Manufacturer) modelled/calculated.
If data from BFRC, Frame
factor is nit requires as it is
already accounted.

If data from BFRC or

Manufacturer, documentary
evidence required.
6-5 Where window source is Type, one of: Area of windows is subtracted
Default data • Window (vertical) from wall areas (whether it is
for each measured door, • Roof window (inclined) main wall or alternative wall).
window or roof window • Doors
in each building part Window age not required for
and Room in Roof Window frame type, one of: single-glaze or secondary
glazing.
• Wooden or PVC frame
• Metal frame Use window data for choosing
default U-value and g-value
Glazing type, one of: from Table 24 : Window
• Single/Double/Triple characteristics
• secondary - normal emissivity
• secondary - low emissivity
Glazing gap, one of:
• 6mm / 12mm / 16mm or more

Window age/installation age where

known U-value not available:
• Any period
• England/Wales before 2002
• Scotland – before 2003
• N. Ireland-before 2006
• England/Wales 2022 or later
• Scotland – 2023 or later
• N. Ireland - 2022 or later

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Code Item Data Comment

6-6 Known Window U-value U-value in W/m²K
For each window in
each building part and Only when glazing type is with
Room in Roof known U-values and g-values,
6-7 Known glazing g-value Value to 2 d.p. otherwise use code 6-5.
For each window in
each building part and
Room in Roof
6-8 Draught proofing Yes/No Assessor specifies whether each
For each window in is draught-proofed or not and
each building part and the software calculates the
Room in Roof percentage.

6-9 Presence of permanently Yes/no

fixed shutters
For each window in
each building part and
See notes to Table 24 :
Room in Roof
Window characteristics
6-10 Are shutters insulated? Yes/no
For each window in
each building part and
Room in Roof
6-11 For each window / roof Location of For windows in Room in Roof
window each window / roof window see codes 6.12 to 6.15
(in which building part):
• In main wall
• In alternative wall 1 For Gable-1 and Gable-2 of RR
• In alternative wall 2 are exposed gables (i.e. gables
If RR present: adjacent to external
In roof of RR (for RR type 1 or 2) environment, they are:
In Gable-1 of RR (RR type 1 and 2) ARR_gable1 and/or ARR_gable2
In Gable-2 of RR (RR type 1 and 2) in section 4.9 Room in Roof
In common wall of RR (in RR type 2)

Heating

7-1 Fireplaces Number of open fireplaces According to Table 5

7-2 Fuel Fuel for main heating (as SAP 10.2)

7-3 Main heating system Product Brand Name, model, and If none, the calculation is done
(option to say ‘none’) model qualifier (or/and index number) for portable electric heaters with
whenever possible for boilers, micro- no controls.
CHP, heat pumps, warm air systems, If product can be identified, its
storage heaters, characteristics are obtained via
otherwise system (marked “rd”) from the database.
Table 4a or 4b
Storage heaters (high heat
retention types only): index
number of each heater

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Code Item Data Comment

7-4 Flue type, one of Applies to boilers, micro-CHP
- open and warm-air systems. For fires
- room-sealed and room heaters use normal
flue type indicated in Table 4a

For gas boilers 1998 or later, the Not if from database

ignition type, one of
- auto-ignition
- permanent pilot light

For gas boilers 1998 or later, whether Not if from database

fan-flued

For gas and oil boilers, for heat pumps If underfloor downstairs and
to water and for electric CPSUs, the radiators upstairs, select
heat emitter type, one of radiators
- radiators
- underfloor Fan coil units only for heat
- fan coil units pumps

For wet systems, central heating pump

age, one of: Unknown if the pump cannot be
- 2012 or earlier located.
- 2013 or later
- unknown

For heat pumps, MCS installation Yes only if documentary

(yes/no) evidence available.

Design flow temperature of heat Applicable to heat pumps and

generator, one of: condensing boilers. Unknown
- unknown unless documentary evidence is
- over 45°C available giving the design flow
- <= 45°C and over 35°C temperature.
- <= 35°C Option “<= 45°C and over
35°C” not available for heat
pumps from SAP Tables.

7-5 Second main heating Details of system as above. Estimate percentage to nearest
system (where plus the percentage of heated floor area 10%.
applicable) served by the second system. If there is a boiler providing
System 1 is that heating the living area. DHW only, assign it as the 2nd
main system with a space
heating percentage of zero.

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Code Item Data Comment

7-6 Community heating Index number of community heat Community heating system is a
(CH) / network if known and included in system that supplies heat from a
District Heat Network PCDB. central source to more than one
(HN) dwelling.
District Heat Network supplies
heat from a central source to
consumers via a network of
underground pipes carrying hot
water.
SAP does not distinguish these
two systems.

Otherwise fuel used by HN and heat If fuel cannot be ascertained,

generator type, one of: assume mains gas
- boilers Software: See Table 29 :
- CHP and boilers Heating and hot water
- heat pump parameters for assumptions

These can included via PCDB:

- waste heat
- heat recovered from power stations
- heat recovered from geothermal or
other natural processes
7-7 Main heating controls Item from SAP10.2 Table 4e according For both main systems if there
to main system type are two

Compensating controller As SAP10.2 Appendix D;

Yes/No see (D2.2)

If “Yes,” controller from PCDB

7-8 Secondary heating Fuel for secondary heating, and system ‘None’ if no secondary heating
system from room heater section of Table 4a system

7-9 Either If no system, the calculation is

Water heating - from main heating system, or done for an electric immersion,
- from 2nd main system, or see text below Table 28 :
- from secondary system, or Cylinder size.
- any other water heater marked Fuel also needed if not from
“rd” in hot-water-only section of main system.
Table 4a, or
- no DHW system present

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Code Item Data Comment

7-10 Cylinder size, one of: Separate thermal store (hot-
- no cylinder water only or integrated) treated
- no access as if it were a cylinder
- normal (up to 130 litres) Software: If “exact cylinder
- medium (131-170 litres) volume” used then software
- large (> 170 litres) implementation is based on
- exact cylinder volume if known SAP10.2 Tables 2, 2a and 2b.

7-11 Cylinder insulation type (unless no Software: Specified only when

access), one of cylinder loss is derived from the
- none cylinder insulation thickness
- loose jacket
- factory-applied
7-12 Mutually exclusive
Cylinder measured loss in kWh/day Software: implementation is
based on Table 2 in SAP 10.2
Specification for cylinder loss
7-13 Cylinder insulation thickness, one of: factors associated with cylinder
0, 12, 25, 38, 50, 80, 120, 160 mm thickness.

7-14 If immersion, whether single or dual

7-15 Cylinder thermostat (unless no access):
yes/no
7-16 Space cooling system yes/no
present

7-18 Number of showers number Calculation is as in Appendix J

of SAP10.2
7-19 Number of mixer number See also code 9-1 for showers
showers and baths with WWHR

7-20 Number of baths number

Solar water heating

8-1 Solar water heating Solar panel (yes/no)

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Code Item Data Comment

8-2 Solar water heating yes/no. Only if solar panel present
details known If yes, then details: Software: If details not known,
- tilt: one of horizontal, 30°, 45°, then default parameters used;
60°, vertical they are defined in Table 29 :
- orientation (if not horizontal): Heating and hot water
one of S, SE, E ,NE, N, NW ,W, parameters
SW
- overshading: very little, modest,
significant or heavy
- solar water pump: electrically
powered, solar powered or
unknown * where the water is heated as
- type(s) of showers in the the shower runs.
property, one of If the shower is supplied from a
- non-electric only hot-water cylinder it is
- electric only * classified as non-electric even
- both electric and non-electric though the cylinder is
- no shower electrically heated.
8-3 Solar collector details yes/no. Only if solar panel present and
known If yes then details: solar water heating details
known.
- collector aperture area
- collector type (evacuated tube,
flat plate or unglazed)
- collector zero loss efficiency
- collector linear heat loss
coefficient
- collector 2nd order heat loss
coefficient
8-4 Solar store details known yes/no. Only if solar panel present and
If yes, then details: solar water heating details
known and solar collector
- combined solar store (yes/no)
details known
- total hot water store volume
- dedicated solar volume
8-5 Flue gas heat recovery yes/no. Only if located in the database
If yes then: Software defines the following:
- PCDB product index number A FGHRS is an option only if:
-main heating is from a boiler
fired by mains gas, LPG or oil,
and
-the boiler is a condensing type,
and
-the fuel to which the FGHRS
data apply is the same as the
boiler fuel, and
-the boiler type is one of those
to which the FGHRS data apply.
It is not relevant if the above
conditions do not apply.

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Code Item Data Comment

8-6 PV for flue gas heat Details of the PV: Only for systems with a PV
recovery - kWp powered immersion
- tilt: one of horizontal, 30°, 45°, (Software: see SAP 10.2 section
60°, vertical G1.6)
- orientation (if not horizontal):
one of S, SE, E ,NE, N, NW, W,
SW
- overshading: very little, modest,
significant or heavy

WWHR

9-1 Baths and showers Number of baths with WWHR These items are always
Number of showers with WWHR and collected, to enable a
type of each shower (from Table J4). recommendation for waste
water heat recovery to be made
See also code 7-18 to 7-20

9-2 Waste water heat If instantaneous type present: Calculation is according to

recovery - number of systems (1 or 2) SAP10.2 Appendix G2.
- system 1 product index number
- which showers are connected to
system 1
- system 2 product index number
- which showers are connected to
system 2

If storage type WWHR present:

- disregard as it will be not possible to
identify the details required for the
calculation according to Appendix 3 of
SAP 10.2 at the time of survey.

Ventilation

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Code Item Data Comment

10-1 Mechanical ventilation yes/no, and if yes what type If type of ventilation cannot be
identified, assume natural
ventilation.
Type of ventilation system
1) Natural ventilation
Applies to whole house
2) Positive input – from loft (as natural)
ventilation system only,
3) Positive input – from outside
otherwise assume natural
4) Mechanical extract – centralised ventilation.
5) Mechanical extract – decentralised Intermittent extract fans
6) MV – no heat recovery (kitchen and bathrooms) are not
7) MV – heat recovery a mechanical ventilation system
for SAP calculations, but
If from PCDB, additional data required continuously running extract
fans in wet rooms are treated as
Wet rooms: Kitchen + N
mechanical extract ventilation.
Duct insulation: Yes/No
Mechanical ventilation systems
use continually running fans.
10-2 Electricity meter Dual/single/10-hour/18-hour/ See section 13
24-hour/unknown
10-3 Mains gas available yes/no Yes means that there is a gas
meter or a gas-burning
appliance (e.g. cooker) in the
dwelling.
A closed-off gas pipe does not
count.
Can be relevant to improvement
recommendations.

PV and renewables

11-1 Photovoltaic array yes/no To be used when the

information on kWp or DNC is
and if yes then either: available.
a) % of external roof area with PVs, In this case up to 3 PV arrays
or can be specified
b) details of the PV:
(See also PV diverters and
- kWp
batteries)
- pitch: one of horizontal, 30°, 45°,
60°, vertical
- orientation (if not horizontal):
one of S, SE, E ,NE, N, NW ,W,
SW
- overshading: very little, modest,
significant or heavy

In either case, whether the PVs are

connected to the dwelling’s electricity
meter

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RdSAP10 Specification (12th February 2024)

Code Item Data Comment

11-2 PV Diverter for water yes/no When PV is used for water
heating heating.

If Yes, calculation is according

to SAP 10.2 section G4
(Appendix G).

Software: This requires beta-

factor calculated in Appendix
M1 in SAP10.2 specification.

11-3 PV batteries Yes/No If more than one battery

11-4 Number of batteries 1 to 4 (maximum 4) Only if Photovoltaic array(s)

present with battery storage
default capacity of one battery
= 5kWh

If unknown or unable to
determine, assume 5kWh

If known capacity is 10 kWh,

specify 2 batteries.

11-5 Wind turbine details yes/no. If yes, then details: Only if wind turbine present.
known - number of turbines
- rotor diameter
- height above ridge

11-6 Hydro Dwelling connected to Hydro. Only if documentary evidence is

-Yes/No available.

11-7 kWh supplied per year kWh/year Calculation - according to

supplied by hydro SAP10.2 specification.

11-8 Terrain One of: Terrain is required for the wind

- Dense urban turbine calculation. Used to
choose correction factors given
- Low rise urban or suburban
in Table M2 of SAP10.2
- Rural specification. Also to generate
wind turbine recommendation
where appropriate

Miscellaneous

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RdSAP10 Specification (12th February 2024)

Code Item Data Comment

12-1 Lighting RdSAP assessor counts: Use RdSAP10-specific defaults:
1) Total number of bulbs (count - LEDs 100 Lm/W (9W);
bulbs, not fittings) - CFLs 55 Lm/W (19W);
- incandescent 11.2 Lm/W
2) Number of LEDs, number of (60W).
CFLs and number of incandescent If number of LED and CFL is
bulbs not known, use default:
3) If it is not possible to determine - LEL: 80 Lm/W (15W)
the exact number of LEDs and
CFLs, input the total number of RdSAP software should use
LEL bulbs these defaults for star ratings
(see separate document giving
the basis of star ratings).

12-2 Swimming pool A swimming pool is not included in the Count the room containing the
data set. swimming pool as a habitable
room and add Addendum 4, see
Table 30 : Addendum
12-3 Special feature Appendix Q technology type, brand From RdSAP Appendix Q
(Appendix Q name and model name. identification label (if present)
technology) or
Energy saving, CO2 saving and/or Technologies whose
calculated air change rate taken from characteristics have been
RdSAP Appendix Q spreadsheet. independently assessed and
included in Appendix Q
(www.ncm-pcdb.org.uk)

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 RdSAP10 Specification (12th February 2024)

19 ADDITIONAL CLIMATE DATA FOR ISLE OF MAN

For the purpose of RdSAP10 a new region (Region 22 – Isle of Man) has been added to the existing Tables
U1, U2, U3 and U4 in the SAP 10.2 specification.
The details for Mean External Temperature and Wind Speed were provided by IoM.
Mean global solar irradiance (W/m²) on a horizontal plane was assumed as for region 8.
Isle of Man has several postcode areas (IM1 to IM9), these should be used from the postcode data in the
spreadsheet.

(SAP10.2)Table U1: Mean external temperature (°C) with added data for Isle of Man
These data are for typical height above sea level representative of the region (see Table U4).

Region Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
0 UK average 4.3 4.9 6.5 8.9 11.7 14.6 16.6 16.4 14.1 10.6 7.1 4.2
1 Thames 5.1 5.6 7.4 9.9 13.0 16.0 17.9 17.8 15.2 11.6 8.0 5.1
2 South East England 5.0 5.4 7.1 9.5 12.6 15.4 17.4 17.5 15.0 11.7 8.1 5.2
3 Southern England 5.4 5.7 7.3 9.6 12.6 15.4 17.3 17.3 15.0 11.8 8.4 5.5
4 South West England 6.1 6.4 7.5 9.3 11.9 14.5 16.2 16.3 14.6 11.8 9.0 6.4
5 Severn Wales /
4.9 5.3 7.0 9.3 12.2 15.0 16.7 16.7 14.4 11.1 7.8 4.9
Severn England
6 Midlands 4.3 4.8 6.6 9.0 11.8 14.8 16.6 16.5 14.0 10.5 7.1 4.2
7 West Pennines Wales /
4.7 5.2 6.7 9.1 12.0 14.7 16.4 16.3 14.1 10.7 7.5 4.6
West Pennines England
8 North West England /
3.9 4.3 5.6 7.9 10.7 13.2 14.9 14.8 12.8 9.7 6.6 3.7
South West Scotland
9 Borders Scotland /
4.0 4.5 5.8 7.9 10.4 13.3 15.2 15.1 13.1 9.7 6.6 3.7
Borders England
10 North East England 4.0 4.6 6.1 8.3 10.9 13.8 15.8 15.6 13.5 10.1 6.7 3.8
11 East Pennines 4.3 4.9 6.5 8.9 11.7 14.6 16.6 16.4 14.1 10.6 7.1 4.2
12 East Anglia 4.7 5.2 7.0 9.5 12.5 15.4 17.6 17.6 15.0 11.4 7.7 4.7
13 Wales 5.0 5.3 6.5 8.5 11.2 13.7 15.3 15.3 13.5 10.7 7.8 5.2
14 West Scotland 4.0 4.4 5.6 7.9 10.4 13.0 14.5 14.4 12.5 9.3 6.5 3.8
15 East Scotland 3.6 4.0 5.4 7.7 10.1 12.9 14.6 14.5 12.5 9.2 6.1 3.2
16 North East Scotland 3.3 3.6 5.0 7.1 9.3 12.2 14.0 13.9 12.0 8.8 5.7 2.9
17 Highland 3.1 3.2 4.4 6.6 8.9 11.4 13.2 13.1 11.3 8.2 5.4 2.7
18 Western Isles 5.2 5.0 5.8 7.6 9.7 11.8 13.4 13.6 12.1 9.6 7.3 5.2
19 Orkney 4.4 4.2 5.0 7.0 8.9 11.2 13.1 13.2 11.7 9.1 6.6 4.3
20 Shetland 4.6 4.1 4.7 6.5 8.3 10.5 12.4 12.8 11.4 8.8 6.5 4.6
21 Northern Ireland 4.8 5.2 6.4 8.4 10.9 13.5 15.0 14.9 13.1 10.0 7.2 4.7
22 Isle of Man 4.4 4.0 4.5 5.8 8.1 10.6 12.5 12.6 11.3 9.2 6.8 5.0

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 RdSAP10 Specification (12th February 2024)

(SAP10.2) Table U2: Wind speed (m/s) for calculation of infiltration rate

Region Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
0 UK average 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.4 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.7
1 Thames 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.8
2 South East England 4.8 4.5 4.4 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.4
3 Southern England 5.1 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.5 4.4 4.7
4 South West England 6.0 5.6 5.6 5.0 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.7 5.4 5.5 5.9
5 Severn Wales /
4.9 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 4.3 4.3 4.6
Severn England
6 Midlands 4.5 4.5 4.4 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.8 3.9 4.1
7 West Pennines Wales /
4.8 4.7 4.6 4.2 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.2 4.3 4.5
West Pennines England
8 North West England /
5.2 5.2 5.0 4.4 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.7 4.1 4.6 4.8 4.7
South West Scotland
9 Borders Scotland /
5.2 5.2 5.0 4.4 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.9 4.2 4.6 4.7
Borders England
10 North East England 5.3 5.2 5.0 4.3 4.2 3.9 3.6 3.6 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.8
11 East Pennines 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.4 4.3 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.7
12 East Anglia 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.2 4.2 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5
13 Wales 6.5 6.2 5.9 5.2 5.1 4.7 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.7 6.0 6.0
14 West Scotland 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.9 5.4 5.7 5.4
15 East Scotland 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.7 5.0 5.2 5.0
16 North East Scotland 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.0 4.6 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.6 5.2 5.3 5.1
17 Highland 6.5 6.8 6.4 5.7 5.1 5.1 4.6 4.5 5.3 5.8 6.1 5.7
18 Western Isles 8.3 8.4 7.9 6.6 6.1 6.1 5.6 5.6 6.3 7.3 7.7 7.5
19 Orkney 7.9 8.3 7.9 7.1 6.2 6.1 5.5 5.6 6.4 7.3 7.8 7.3
20 Shetland 9.5 9.4 8.7 7.5 6.6 6.4 5.7 6.0 7.2 8.5 8.9 8.5
21 Northern Ireland 5.4 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.1 3.9 3.7 4.2 4.6 5.0 5.0
22 Isle of Man 8.0 7.5 6.8 5.9 5.6 5.0 4.8 5.1 5.8 6.9 7.5 7.8

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 RdSAP10 Specification (12th February 2024)

(SAP 10.2) Table U3: Mean global solar irradiance (W/m²) on a horizontal plane, and solar
declination

Region Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
0 UK average 26 54 96 150 192 200 189 157 115 66 33 21
1 Thames 30 56 98 157 195 217 203 173 127 73 39 24
2 South East England 32 59 104 170 208 231 216 182 133 77 41 25
3 Southern England 35 62 109 172 209 235 217 185 138 80 44 27
4 South West England 36 63 111 174 210 233 204 182 136 78 44 28
5 Severn Wales /
32 59 105 167 201 226 206 175 130 74 40 25
Severn England
6 Midlands 28 55 97 153 191 208 194 163 121 69 35 23
7 West Pennines Wales /
24 51 95 152 191 203 186 152 115 65 31 20
West Pennines England
8 North West England /
23 51 95 157 200 203 194 156 113 62 30 19
South West Scotland
9 Borders Scotland /
23 50 92 151 200 196 187 153 111 61 30 18
Borders England
10 North East England 25 51 95 152 196 198 190 156 115 64 32 20
11 East Pennines 26 54 96 150 192 200 189 157 115 66 33 21
12 East Anglia 30 58 101 165 203 220 206 173 128 74 39 24
13 Wales 29 57 104 164 205 220 199 167 120 68 35 22
14 West Scotland 19 46 88 148 196 193 185 150 101 55 25 15
15 East Scotland 21 46 89 146 198 191 183 150 106 57 27 15
16 North East Scotland 19 45 89 143 194 188 177 144 101 54 25 14
17 Highland 17 43 85 145 189 185 170 139 98 51 22 12
18 Western Isles 16 41 87 155 205 206 185 148 101 51 21 11
19 Orkney 14 39 84 143 205 201 178 145 100 50 19 9
20 Shetland 12 34 79 135 196 190 168 144 90 46 16 7
21 Northern Ireland 24 52 96 155 201 198 183 150 107 61 30 18
22 Isle of Man 23 51 95 157 200 203 194 156 113 62 30 19
Solar declination (°)
All regions -20.7 -12.8 -1.8 9.8 18.8 23.1 21.2 13.7 2.9 -8.7 -18.4 -23.0

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 RdSAP10 Specification (12th February 2024)

(SAP10.2) Table U4: Representative latitude and height above mean sea level
Representative height above
Region Representative Latitude (°N)
sea level (m)
0 UK average 53.5 79

1 Thames 51.6 53

2 South East England 51.1 55

3 Southern England 50.9 50

4 South West England 50.5 85

5 Severn Wales / Severn England 51.5 99

6 Midlands 52.6 116

7 West Pennines Wales / West Pennines England 53.5 71

8 North West England / South West Scotland 54.6 119

9 Borders Scotland / Borders England 55.2 101

10 North East England 54.4 78

11 East Pennines 53.5 79

12 East Anglia 52.1 29

13 Wales 52.6 138

14 West Scotland 55.9 113

15 East Scotland 56.2 117

16 North East Scotland 57.3 123

17 Highland 57.5 218

18 Western Isles 57.7 59

19 Orkney 59.0 53

20 Shetland 60.1 50

21 Northern Ireland 54.6 72

22 Isle of Man 54.2 47

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RdSAP10 Specification (12th February 2024)

Table U6 from SAP10.2 with Isle of Man added

The region indicated in Table U6 applies to all postcodes in the postcode area except those for which
specific postcode districts are given. For example BD16 is in region 11 and BD23 is in region 10.
Table U6: Postcodes

Postcode Region Postcode Region Postcode Region Postcode Region

AB 16 G 14 N 1 SL 1
AL 1 GL 5E NE 9E SM 1
B 6 GU 1 NG 11 SN 5E
BA 5E GU11-12 3 NN 6 SN7 1
BB 7E GU14 3 NP 5W SO 3
BD 11 GU28-29 2 NP8 13 SP 5E
BD23-24 10 GU30-35 3 NR 12 SP6-11 3
BH 3 GU46 3 NW 1 SR 9E
BL 7E GU51-52 3 OL 7E SR7-8 10
BN 2 HA 1 OX 1 SS 12
BR 2 HD 11 PA 14 ST 6
BS 5E HG 10 PE 12 SW 1
BT 21 HP 1 PE9-12 11 SY 6
CA 8E HR 6 PE20-25 11 SY14 7E
CB 12 HS 18 PH 15 SY15-25 13
CF 5W HU 11 PH19-25 17 TA 5E
CH 7E HX 11 PH26 16 TD 9S
CH5-8 7W IG 12 PH30-44 17 TD12 9E
CM 12 IP 12 PH49 14 TD15 9E
CM21-23 1 IV 17 PH50 14 TF 6
CO 12 IV30-32 16 PL 4 TN 2
CR 1 IV36 16 PO 3 TQ 4
CT 2 KA 14 PO18-22 2 TR 4
CV 6 KT 1 PR 7E TS 10
CW 7E KW 17 RG 1 TW 1
DA 2 KW15-17 19 RG21-29 3 UB 1
DD 15 KY 15 RH 1 W 1
DE 6 L 7E RH10-20 2 WA 7E
DG 8S LA 7E RM 12 WC 1
DH 10 LA7-23 8E S 11 WD 1
DH4-5 9E LD 13 S18 6 WF 11
DL 10 LE 6 S32-33 6 WN 7E
DN 11 LL 7W S40-45 6 WR 6
DT 3 LL23-27 13 SA 5W WS 6
DY 6 LL30-78 13 SA14-20 13 WV 6
E 1 LN 11 SA31-48 13 YO 10
EC 1 LS 11 SA61-73 13 YO15-16 11
EH 15 LS24 10 SE 1 YO25 11
EH43-46 9S LU 1 SG 1 ZE 20
EN 1 M 7E SK 7E
EN9 12 ME 2 SK13 6 IM 22
EX 4 MK 1 SK17 6
FK 14 ML 14 SK22-23 6
FY 7E

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RdSAP10 Specification (12th February 2024)

20 RDSAP10-SPECIFIC METRICS

20.1 RdSAP10-specific SAP rating equations (referred to as EER)

Fuel prices are the same as in Table 12 of the SAP 2012 specification but replicated in Table 32 for
completeness of information.

The SAP rating for RdSAP 10 is to be calculated using Table 32 unit costs (not Table 12) for section 10a
and 10b.

The SAP rating is related to the total energy cost by the equations:

ECF = deflator × total cost / (TFA + 45)

if ECF  3.5, RdSAP 10 = 117 – 121  log10(ECF)

if ECF < 3.5, RdSAP 10 = 100 – 13.95  ECF

where the total cost is calculated at (255) or (355) in the SAP10.2 worksheet and TFA is the total floor area
of the dwelling at (4) (see SAP10.2 specification).

20.2 Carbon Dioxide emissions and Primary Energy in RdSAP10

Both CO2 factors and Primary Energy factors are the same as in Table 12 of SAP10.2 specification but
replicated in Table 32 for completeness of information.

Refer to section 14 in SAP10.2 specification for the calculation of carbon-based Environmental Impact
Rating (EIR) and Primary Energy (PE).

The Environmental Impact Rating (EI rating) is related to the annual CO 2 emissions by:

CF = (CO2 emissions) / (TFA + 45)

if CF >= 28.3, RdSAP 10 EI rating = 200 – 95  log10 (CF)

if CF < 28.3, RdSAP 10 EI rating = 100 – 1.34  CF

where the CO2 emissions are calculated at (272) or (383) and TFA is the total floor area of the dwelling at
(4).

The EI rating scale has been set so that EI 100 is achieved at zero net emissions. It can rise above 100 if the
dwelling is a net exporter of energy. The EI rating is essentially independent of floor area.

The EI rating is rounded to the nearest integer. If the result of the calculation is less than 1 the rating should
be quoted as 1. Environmental impact rating bands are defined by the EI rating according to Table 14 of
SAP 10.2.

The primary energy consumption of the dwelling is calculated in the same way as CO 2 emissions, using the
primary energy factors in Table 32 in place of the CO2 emission factors. However, this result is not used to
create a rating.

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RdSAP10 Specification (12th February 2024)

Table 32 : RdSAP10-specific fuel prices, emission factors and primary energy factors
(This table is equivalent to Table 12 in SAP10.2 specification)
Standing Unit Emissions Primary
Fuel
charge, price kg CO2e energy
Fuel code
£ (a) p/kWh per kWh (b) factor
Gas fuels:
mains gas 120 3.48 0.210 1.130 1
bulk LPG 70 7.60 0.241 1.141 2
bottled LPG (for main heating system) 10.30 0.241 1.141 3
bottled LPG (for secondary heating) 120 3.48 0.241 1.133 5
LPG subject to Special Condition 11F (c) 70 7.60 0.241 1.163 9
biogas (including anaerobic digestion) 0.024 1.286 7
Liquid fuels:
heating oil 5.44 0.298 1.180 4
bio-liquid HVO from used cooking oil (d) 7.64 0.036 1.180 71
bio-liquid FAME from animal/vegetable oils (e) 7.64 0.018 1.180 73
B30K (f) 6.10 0.214 1.136 75
bioethanol from any biomass source 47.0 0.105 1.472 76
Solid fuels: (g)
house coal 3.67 0.395 1.064 11
anthracite 3.64 0.395 1.064 15
manufactured smokeless fuel 4.61 0.366 1.261 12
wood logs 4.23 0.028 1.046 20
wood pellets (in bags for secondary heating) 5.81 0.053 1.325 22
wood pellets (bulk supply for main heating) 5.26 0.053 1.325 23
wood chips 3.07 0.023 1.046 21
dual fuel appliance (mineral and wood) 3.99 0.087 1.049 10
Electricity: (a)
standard tariff 54 13.19 0.136 (s) 1.501 (t) 30
7-hour tariff (high rate) (h) 24 15.29 0.136 (s) 1.501 (t) 32
7-hour tariff (low rate) (h) 5.50 0.136 (s) 1.501 (t) 31
10-hour tariff (high rate) (h) 23 14.68 0.136 (s) 1.501 (t) 34
10-hour tariff (low rate) (h) 7.50 0.136 (s) 1.501 (t) 33
18-hour tariff (high rate) (h) 40 13.67 0.136 (s) 1.501 (t) 38
18-hour tariff (low rate) (h) 7.41 0.136 (s) 1.501 (t) 40
24-hour heating tariff 70 6.61 0.136 (s) 1.501 (t) 35
electricity sold to grid, PV 13.19 (i) 0.136 (s) 0.501 (t) 60
electricity sold to grid, other 0.136 (s) 0.501 (t) 36
electricity, any tariff (j) 0.136 (s) 1.501 (t) 39
Heat networks: (k) 120 (l)
heat from boilers – mains gas 4.24 0.210 1.130 51
heat from boilers – LPG 4.24 0.241 1.141 52
heat from boilers – oil (assumes ‘gas oil’) 4.24 0.335 1.180 53
heat from boilers that can use mineral oil or biodiesel 4.24 1.180 56
heat from boilers using HVO from used cooking oil 4.24 1.180 57
heat from boilers FAME from animal/vegetable oils (e) 4.24 1.180 58
heat from boilers – B30D (f) 4.24 0.269 1.090 55
heat from boilers – coal 4.24 0.375 1.064 54
heat from electric heat pump 4.24 0.136 (s) 1.501 (t) 41
heat recovered from waste combustion 4.24 0.015 (p) 0.063 42
heat from boilers – biomass 4.24 0.029 1.037 43
heat from boilers – biogas (landfill or sewage gas) 4.24 0.024 1.286 44
heat recovered from power station 2.97 0.015 (p) 0.063 45
high grade heat recovered from process (Appendix C4.3) 2.97 0.011 0.051
low grade heat recovered from process (Appendix C4.4) 2.97 0.136 (s)(v) 1.501 (t)(v)
heat recovered from geothermal or other natural processes 2.97 0.051 46
heat from CHP 2.97 as above(q) as above(q) 48

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 RdSAP10 Specification (12th February 2024)

Standing Unit Emissions Primary

Fuel
charge, price kg CO2e energy
Fuel code
£ (a) p/kWh per kWh (b) factor
electricity generated by CHP N/A See Table 12f
electricity for pumping in distribution network N/A 0.136 (s) 1.501 (t) 50
Fuel from PCDB (u) Data for each field comes from PCDB table 99
Energy Cost Deflator (r) = 0.42

Notes to Table (wording of the notes copied from notes to Table 12 in SAP10.2):
(a) The standing charge given for electric off-peak tariffs is the extra amount, over and above the amount for the standard
domestic tariff.
For calculations including regulated energy uses only (e.g. regulation compliance, energy ratings):
- The standing charge for electricity standard tariff is omitted;
- The standing charge for off-peak electricity is added to space and water heating costs where either main heating or hot
water uses off-peak electricity;
- The standing charge for gas fuels is added to space and water heating costs where the gas fuel is used for space heating
(main or secondary) or for water heating.
For calculations inclusive of unregulated energy uses (e.g. occupancy assessment):
- The standing charge for electricity standard tariff is included in all cases;
- The standing charge for off-peak electricity is included in addition if an off-peak tariff applies;
- The standing charge for gas fuels is included where the gas fuel is used for any calculated energy use.
The unit price used for ‘electricity exported to grid’ is the 2020 wholesale electricity price taken from Annex M of
‘Projections of greenhouse gas emissions and energy demand from 2016 to 2035’, existing policies scenario. (It is not based
on the export rate used for the Feed in Tariff or similar incentive schemes.)
(b) These are CO2 equivalent figures which include the global warming impact of CH4 and N2O as well as CO2. Figures for
specific heat networks may be included in the Product Characteristics Database.
(c) https://epr.ofgem.gov.uk/Content/Documents/National%20Grid%20Gas%20Plc%20-
%20Special%20Conditions%20Consolidated%20-%20Current%20Version.pdf (see pages 284-287).
(d) For appliances that specifically use bio-liquid HVO to BS EN 15940 certified as wholly derived from waste/used cooking oil
(e) For appliances that specifically use bio-liquid FAME to BS EN 14214 certified as wholly derived from waste animal
fats/used cooking oil
(f) For appliances that specifically use a blend of 30% bio-liquid FAME (e) and 70% kerosene (B30K) or 70% gas oil (B30D)
(g) The specific fuel should be assumed for those appliances that can only burn the particular fuel (including Exempted
Appliances within Smoke Control Areas).
Where a main heating appliance is classed as dual fuel (i.e mineral and wood), the data for dual fuel should be used, except
where the dwelling is in a Smoke Control Area, when the data for solid mineral fuel should be used.
Wood should be specified as fuel for a main heating system only if there is adequate provision (at least 1.5 m³) for storage
of the fuel.
Outside Smoke Control Areas an open fire should be considered as dual fuel, and a closed room heater without boiler if
capable of burning wood as burning wood logs.
(h) With certain appliances using an off-peak tariff, some of the consumption is at the low rate and some at the high rate. The
high-rate fractions to be used are given in Table 12a in SAP10.2, the remainder being provided at the low rate.
(i) Deducted from costs, emissions or primary energy
(j) This code is used to define the fuel for any electric system. Other codes for electricity are to provide cost data, depending on
the applicable electricity tariff.
(k) Cost is per unit of heat generated (i.e. before distribution losses); emission and primary factors are per unit of fuel used by
the heat generator.
(l) Include half this value if only DHW is provided by a heat network
(m) Based on the mix of petroleum products used to generated heat in the UK (predominantly diesel).
(n) Value for non-domestic coal
(o) Based on the mix of biomass sources used to generate heat in the UK.
(p) Takes account of the reduction in electricity generation that occurs where heat is produced at a high enough temperature to
supply a heat network.
(q) Use factor for heat network with boilers according to fuel used.
(r) An energy cost deflator term is applied before the rating is calculated. It will vary with the weighted average price of
heating fuels in future so that the SAP rating is not affected by the general rate of fuel price inflation. However, individual
SAP ratings are affected by relative changes in the price of particular heating fuels.
(s) CO2 factors for grid electricity vary by month. The average figure given in this table is therefore not used directly. Instead
the monthly factors given in Table 12d in SAP10.2 should be used in the SAP worksheet.

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(t) PE factors for grid electricity vary by month. The average figure given in this table is therefore not used directly. Instead
the monthly factors given in Table 12e in SAP10.2 should be used in the SAP worksheet.
(u) This allows the possibility of adding new fuels between major updates of SAP. Supplementary guidance may be issued when
new fuels are added explaining how they are used in SAP calculations.
(v) Figure assigned to energy used by heat pump to boost temperature.

The emissions factors are “CO2 equivalent” values, which include CH4 and N2O in addition to CO2.
The emission factors and primary energy factors for electricity in Table 12 are a 5-year projection for 2020-2025.

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21 IMPROVEMENT MEASURES FOR ENERGY PERFORMANCE CERTIFICATES (FORMER APPENDIX T)

Appendix T defines the circumstances under which recommendations for improvements are made on EPC. RdSAP software tests for the relevance of improvement measures, and
applies them where relevant, in the order shown in this table.

Several heating measures apply when mains gas is not available (J,K,R,I). When mains gas is available, they are substituted by a fuel switch recommendation (item T).

A recommendation is made only if it increases the SAP rating by at least 1 (one) SAP point, or 0.5 SAP point in the case of C (cylinder insulation), D (draughtproofing) and E (LEL).

Several measures are marked as “Alternative measures”; these may not be shown on EPCs subject to the EPC design adopted by the EPC Register.

In the case of new dwellings only items E, N, U and V2 are considered (this applies to all countries for new dwellings).

Table 33 : Improvement measures

Item Measure To be considered when existing Recommended if existing dwelling Improve to: Rec
dwelling is/has: has: No
A Loft insulation Pitched roof (slates or tiles), Loft insulation ≤ 150 mm or 270 mm insulation or U-value 0.16 W/m2K. 5
at ceiling level accessible loft, insulation at ceiling U-value from Table 16 or Table 18 or See Note 2.
Note. This is assumed level, not thatched roof. entered by assessor For park home insulated loft 220 mm insulation or
to include insulation of Note: This does not include
≥ 0.35 W/m2K U-value 0.20 W/m2K
the loft hatch. insulation of a room-in-roof

A2 Flat roof insulation Flat roof, known insulation Flat roof insulation <125mm or 270 mm insulation or U-value 0.16 W/m2K. 45
or U-value from Table 16 or Table 18 NI: 0.18 W/m2K.
Pitched roof with sloping ceiling, or entered by assessor >0.35 W/m2K
known insulation For park home insulated flat roof U-value 0.20
W/m2K
A3 Roof room insulation Roof rooms, not thatched roof, as Any part of roof rooms with 270 mm insulation or U-value 0.16 W/m2K. 46
built age band <= H or insulated with U-value from Table 16 or Table 17 NI: 0.18 W/m2K.
U > 0.35 W/m2K
or entered by assessor >0.35 W/m2K See Note 13.
B Cavity wall insulation Unfilled cavity wall (assessed as "as Wall U-value entered by assessor or England, Wales, Scotland, NI, IoM: 6
on its own built" and not "unknown"); assumed from RdSAP tables Cavity filled wall. Improved U-value = 0.55 W/m2K
Wall is suitable for cavity insulation; > 0.7 W/m2K.
See Note 3

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Item Measure To be considered when existing Recommended if existing dwelling Improve to: Rec
dwelling is/has: has: No
Q Solid wall insulation Solid wall or park home wall, (Q-1) Wall U-value (as entered by Internal wall insulation with: U-value 0.30 W/m2K 7
(internal) assessed as "as built" and not assessor or assumed from RdSAP For a park home insulated wall has U-value 0.30
"unknown" tables) > 0.7 W/m2K W/m2K
See Note 7
Solid wall insulation Solid wall or park home wall, (Q-2) Wall U-value (as entered by External wall insulation with: U-value 0.30 W/m2K 65
(external) assessed as "as built" and not assessor or assumed from RdSAP For a park home insulated wall has U-value 0.30
"unknown" tables) > 0.7 W/m2K W/m2K
See Note 7
Q2 External insulation Cavity walls and there is already a (Q2-1) Cavity fill recommendation B For the walls which are already recommended for 55
with cavity wall recommendation to insulate cavity Or cavity fill:
insulation (measure B) U-value 0.30 W/m2K
Cavity wall U-value <0.55 W/m2K
(Alternative Or (which means insulated cavity)
measure). cavity already insulated
Internal insulation with Cavity walls and there is already a (Q2-2) Cavity fill recommendation B For the walls which are already recommended for 66
cavity wall insulation recommendation to insulate cavity Or cavity fill:
(Alternative (measure B) U-value 0.30 W/m2K
Cavity wall U-value <0.55 W/m2K
measure). Or (which means insulated cavity)
cavity already insulated
W1 Floor insulation Below the building part there is: no insulation, or Insulated floor with U-value: 57
(suspended floor) - ground, or U > 0.7 W/m2K U = 0.25W/m2K
- external air, or
For a park home insulated floor has U-value
- unheated space
and floor is suspended 0.30 W/m2K

W2 Floor insulation Below the building part there is no insulation, or Insulated floor with U-value: 58
(solid ground floor) - ground U > 0.7 W/m2K U = 0.25W/m2K
and floor is solid

C Hot water cylinder Cylinder present and accessible. (C-1) No cylinder insulation Minimum 80 mm jacket 1
insulation
(C-2) Factory-applied insulation <= 25 Add 80 mm jacket. See Note 1a. 3
mm
(C-3) Jacket < 80 mm Add additional jacket. See Note 1b 2

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RdSAP 10 (12 February 2024)

Item Measure To be considered when existing Recommended if existing dwelling Improve to: Rec
dwelling is/has: has: No
D Draught proofing of Existing dwelling has single-glazed Less than 100% draught proofing of 100% draught proofing 10
windows and external windows or external doors which are windows and doors
doors not draught-proofed
E Low energy lights New or existing dwelling LEL < 100% of fixed outlets LEL in all fixed outlets with efficacy 75 lumens/Watt 35
(LEL includes LED and CFL bulbs)

F Cylinder thermostat Cylinder present and accessible No cylinder thermostat Cylinder thermostat 4
(Note: cylinder thermostat is assumed
for electric immersion)
G Heating controls for Main heating by boiler with radiators (G-1) No controls Room thermostat*, programmer and TRVs 11
wet central heating *See Note 17
system
(G-2) Programmer only do. 12
(G-3) Room thermostat only do. 15
(G-4) Room thermostat and TRVs do. 66
(new)
(G-5) Programmer, single room do. 13
thermostat (no TRVs)
(G-6) TRVs (no room thermostat or do. 14
BEM), with or without programmer
(G1-1) Programmer and at least two Time and temperature zone control 16
room thermostat
Main heating by boiler with (G1-2) Less than time and temperature Time and temperature zone control 16
underfloor heating zone control
Main heating by heat pump with (G1-3) Less than time and temperature Time and temperature zone control 16
radiators or underfloor heating zone control
G2 Water heating controls Water heating present No separate water controls Separate time and temperature control for water 70
heating

H Heating controls for Main heating by mains gas or LPG (H-1) No control Programmer/time switch and room thermostat 17
warm air system warm air, or by heat pump or
Programmable room thermostat
(H-2) Programmer only do. 18

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RdSAP 10 (12 February 2024)

Item Measure To be considered when existing Recommended if existing dwelling Improve to: Rec
dwelling is/has: has: No
J Biomass boiler House or bungalow. Mains gas not available Manual feed biomass boiler in heated space (wood 22
Independent solid fuel boiler (not and logs) with radiators. See Note 8.
biomass or dual fuel) if SAP rating with measure J is better
than SAP rating with measure Z1 or Z2
J2 Biomass boiler House or bungalow Heating system recommendation Efficient wood logs boiler. 54
(Alternative measure) Heating other than by solid fuel or already given See Note 8
community
K Biomass room heater House or bungalow (K-1) Mains gas not available Wood pellet stove with radiators, summer immersion 23
with boiler Solid fuel open fire with or without and heater. See Note 8.
boiler (not biomass or dual fuel) if SAP rating with measure K-1 is
better than SAP rating with measure Z1
or Z2

House or bungalow (K-2) Mains gas not available Wood pellet stove with radiators, summer immersion 39
Solid fuel room heater with or and heater. See Note 8.
without boiler (not biomass or dual if SAP rating with measure K-2 is
fuel) better than SAP rating with measure Z1
or Z2
Z1 Air or ground source House or bungalow (not flat or Dwelling is fairly insulated, e.g. Air or ground source heat pump and radiators.
heat pump with maisonette); for flats and maisonettes measures A to Q2 are NOT triggered. (Z1-1) Heating system recommendation ASHP 51
radiators heat pump is not recommended. and (Z1-2) Heating system recommendation GSHP 75
compare SAP rating from
Heating other than by: implementing Z1 with the SAP rating See note 9
- heat pump or from the heating system
- community recommendation (this will be one of
- wet underfloor system R,S,T or L2);
recommend Z1 as a measure when
SAP rating assessed with Z1 is equal or
better than with heating measures (i.e.
one R,S,T or L2).
Otherwise recommend R,S,T or L2

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RdSAP 10 (12 February 2024)

Item Measure To be considered when existing Recommended if existing dwelling Improve to: Rec
dwelling is/has: has: No
Z2 Air or ground source House or bungalow (not flat or Dwelling is fairly insulated, e.g. Air or ground source heat pump and radiators.
heat pump with maisonette); for flats and maisonettes measures A to Q2 are NOT triggered (Z2-1) Heating system recommendation ASHP 52
underfloor heating heat pump is not recommended. and (Z2-2) Heating system recommendation GSHP 76
compare SAP rating from
Heating other than by: implementing Z2 with the SAP rating See note 9
- heat pump or from the heating system
- community recommendation (this will be one of
and wet underfloor system R,S,T or L2);
and Z1 not applicable recommend Z2 as a measure when
SAP rating assessed with Z2 is equal or
better than with heating measures (i.e.
one R,S,T or L2).
Otherwise recommend R,S,T or L2

Z3 Micro-CHP Heating other than by micro-CHP or Heating system recommendation Heating by micro-CHP. 53
(Alternative measure) community and mains gas available already given See Note 10

I Upgrade boiler, Main heating by mains gas boiler (I-1) Boiler, not condensing, Condensing regular boiler, same fuel as original. 20
same fuel (including range cooker boiler) or hot water cylinder in dwelling See Note 4
CPSU
or main heating by LPG or oil boiler
(including range cooker boiler) and (I-2) Boiler, not condensing, Condensing combi boiler, same fuel as original. 20
mains gas not available no hot water cylinder in dwelling See Note 4

Note. Not applicable to liquid (I-3) CPSU, not condensing Condensing combi boiler. 36
biofuels.
See Note 5
(I-4) Range cooker boiler, hot water Condensing regular boiler, same fuel as original. 37
cylinder in dwelling See Note 4

(I-5) Range cooker boiler, no hot water Condensing combi boiler, same fuel as original. 38
cylinder in dwelling See Note 4

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Item Measure To be considered when existing Recommended if existing dwelling Improve to: Rec
dwelling is/has: has: No
R Condensing oil boiler Main heating by oil warm air (R-1) Mains gas not available, hot Condensing regular oil boiler, radiators. 28
water cylinder in dwelling See Note 4
and
if SAP rating with measure R-1 is
better than SAP rating with measure Z1
or Z2
(R-2) Mains gas not available, no hot Condensing combi oil boiler, radiators. See Note 4 28
water cylinder in dwelling
and
if SAP rating with measure R-2 is
better than SAP rating with measure Z1
or Z2
Change heating to gas Main heating by mains gas fires (S-1) Condensing regular mains gas boiler, radiators. 40
condensing boiler Hot water cylinder in dwelling See Note 4
(no fuel switch)

(S-2) Condensing combi mains gas boiler, radiators. 40

No hot water cylinder in dwelling See Note 4

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Item Measure To be considered when existing Recommended if existing dwelling Improve to: Rec
dwelling is/has: has: No
T Change heating to gas Main heating by: (T-1) Mains gas available, hot water Condensing regular mains gas boiler, radiators. See 29
condensing boiler (fuel - solid mineral fuel boiler cylinder in dwelling Note 4
switch) - LPG boiler (non-condensing)
- oil boiler (non-condensing) (T-2) Mains gas available, no hot water Condensing combi mains gas boiler, radiators. See 29
- LPG fires cylinder in dwelling Note 4
- oil warm air
- solid mineral fuel room heaters
- oil room heaters

Also if no space heating system

present
Main heating by: (T-3) Mains gas available, hot water Condensing regular mains gas boiler, radiators. 27
- electric storage heating cylinder in dwelling Change electricity meter to single. See Note 4
- electric off-peak underfloor
heating (T-4) Mains gas available, no hot water Condensing combi mains gas boiler, radiators. 27
cylinder in dwelling Change electricity meter to single. See Note 4

(T-5) Mains gas available Mains gas condensing CPSU 42

Main heating by LPG CPSU
T2 Flue gas heat recovery New or replacement gas boiler Replacement boiler provides DHW Add FGHRS 50
recommended (I, S or T)

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Item Measure To be considered when existing Recommended if existing dwelling Improve to: Rec
dwelling is/has: has: No
L2 New or replacement Main heating by storage heaters, Old (L2-1) Mains gas not available, and High heat retention storage heaters (409) and controls 59
storage heaters (large volume) or Slimline hot-water heating by cylinder with (2404), and dual immersion water heating, large
single immersion, or from solid-fuel cylinder with 50 mm factory-applied insulation.
secondary heater See Note 14.
and
if SAP rating with measure L2-1 is
better than SAP rating with measure Z1
or Z2
(L2-2) Mains gas not available, and High heat retention storage heaters (409) and controls 60
any other hot water system (2404).
and See Note 14.
if SAP rating with measure L2-2 is
better than SAP rating with measure Z1
or Z2
Main heating by: (L2-3) Mains gas not available, and High heat retention storage heaters (409) and controls 61
- electric room heaters hot-water heating by cylinder with (2404), 7-hour off-peak tariff and dual immersion
- electric ceiling heating single immersion or from solid-fuel water heating, large cylinder with 50 mm factory-
Also if no space heating system secondary heater or no hot water applied insulation.
present system present See Note 14.
and Secondary electric heaters (693) if no existing
if SAP rating with measure L2-3 is secondary.
better than SAP rating with measure Z1
or Z2
(L2-4) Mains gas not available, and High heat retention storage heaters (409) and controls 62
any other hot water system (2404), 7-hour off-peak tariff.
and See Note 14.
if SAP rating with measure L2-4 is Secondary electric heaters (693) if no existing
better than SAP rating with measure Z1 secondary
or Z2
M Replacement warm-air Main heating by mains gas (M-1) Non-condensing New condensing warm-air unit, same fuel as original. 26
unit See Note 15.
Main heating by LPG warm air (M-2) Age before 1998 New (non-condensing) warm-air unit, same fuel as 26
original, on-off control, fan-assisted flue

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Item Measure To be considered when existing Recommended if existing dwelling Improve to: Rec
dwelling is/has: has: No
N Solar water heating RdSAP assessment, house or (N-1) No solar panel Solar panel with parameters per 19
bungalow, not thatched roof on main Table 29 : Heating and hot water parameters in
dwelling RdSAP10 specification.
Increase a normal or unknown size cylinder to
medium (see * below).
SAP assessment, house or bungalow (N-2) No solar panel Solar panel, 3 m² aperture area, evacuated tube with 19
=0.70, a1=1.80, a2 = 0.005, facing South, pitch 30°,
modest overshading. Combined DHW cylinder at
least 190 litres (see * below), solar part 75 litres; or if
combi boiler, CPSU or instantaneous water heater, a
separate solar pre-heat cylinder of 75 litres.
All cases: * Cylinder change not applicable to water heating by:
- combi boiler
- CPSU
- heat pump (including hot water only)
- micro-CHP with integral DHW vessel
- instantaneous water heater
- community heating.
In these cases add a separate solar cylinder of 75
litres
Cylinder has cylinder thermostat and 50 mm factory-
applied insulation.
Y Waste water heat Dwelling has a mixer shower and no WWHRS not present Add WWHRS for each shower. 49
recovery WWHRS See Note 16.
Recommendation applicable only if
hot water if from a cylinder or a
combi boiler.
O Double glazed Single glazed windows present Less than 80% of windows with All single glazed windows replaced by double 8
windows multiple glazing glazing with
(replace single-glazed U = 1.4 W/m2K (vertical windows) or U = 1.6 (roof
windows with double- windows) and g = 0.63.
glazed) See Note 12.

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Item Measure To be considered when existing Recommended if existing dwelling Improve to: Rec
dwelling is/has: has: No
O3 Glazing replacement Double glazing with PVC frames and At least 80% of windows are of that Replace double glazing units with new glazing giving 56
12 mm gap installed before 2002 type whole-window values of U = 1.4 and g = 0.63.
(E&W) or 2003 (Scotland) or 2006
(Northern Ireland)
P Secondary glazing Single glazing present but assessor Less than 80% of windows with apply secondary glazing to single glazed windows 9
de-selected measure O. See Note 6 multiple glazing with
U = 2.9 W/m2K (vertical windows) or
U = 3.2 W/m2K (roof windows)
and g = 0.76.

Otherwise, windows with single glazing changed to

double glazing with
U = 1.4 W/m2K (vertical windows) or
U = 1.6 W/m2K (roof windows)
and g = 0.63.

See Note 12.

X Insulated doors House, bungalow, or park home, or Door(s) directly to outside not Change doors directly to outside to insulated doors 48
(Flat or maisonette) and (no corridor insulated with U = 1.4 W/m2K
or more than one door)
i.e. door directly to outside
U Photovoltaics House or bungalow, not thatched roof No photovoltaics Photovoltaics, 2.5 kWp, 34
facing South, pitch 30°, modest overshading,
connected to dwelling’s electricity meter. Add
Addenda item 15, see Table 30 : Addendum
V2 Wind turbine House or bungalow in rural location No wind turbine Wind turbine on mast, blade diameter 4.0 m, hub 44
height 10 m above ridge
Y2 PV diverter Dwelling has PV Hot water tank present Add PV diverter 73
No PV battery storage present
No solar water heating present
Y1 PV battery Dwelling has PV PV but no battery storage One battery 5 kWh 72

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Note 1 : Improvement A. Loft insulation is considered separately for main roof and extensions 1, 2, 3, 4 as applicable and applied to all accessible roofs with insulation <= 150 mm.

Note 1a : Improvement C, Cylinder insulation, existing is factory applied <= 25 mm: SAP Table 2 is constructed on the basis that 80 mm jacket is equivalent to 25 mm factory-applied
insulation. Therefore an additional 80 mm jacket can be implemented by increasing the existing insulation thickness by an additional 25 mm, to the nearest RdSAP thickness option
for cylinders. Thus 12 mm improves to 38 mm, and 25 mm improves to 50 mm.

Note 1b : Improvement C, Cylinder insulation, existing is jacket < 80 mm: 12 or 25 mm improves to 80 mm, and 38 or 50 mm improves to 120 mm.

Note 3 : Cavity wall insulation. Cavity wall insulation is considered separately for main wall, extensions 1, 2, 3, 4 and alternative walls as applicable and applied to all fillable walls.
When cavity fill is recommended the data collection includes whether there might be issues of cavity less than 50 mm, high exposure or difficulties of access. If any of those apply an
addendum is included on the EPC saying that the issues should be investigated to establish the best treatment for the walls, e.g. dwelling should be assessed for exposure to driving
rain.

Note 3a: Insulation of party walls can be considered for semi-detached or terraced houses or bungalows. When party wall insulation is recommended, an Addendum on the EPC shall
advise on the need for any statutory approvals (planning approval, Listed Building Consent, Party Wall Notices or approval under the Building Regulations) for the proposed
improvement work.

Note 4 : Improvements I, R, S, T. Use database boiler as follows:

Replacement boiler fuel and type Boiler database index Replacement boiler fuel and type Description
mains gas regular 690001 mains gas regular Regular, condensing 88.9%
mains gas combi (not storage combi) 690002 mains gas combi Instant combi, condensing 88.9%
mains gas storage combi 690003 mains gas storage combi Storage combi, condensing 89.4%
LPG regular 690004 LPG regular Regular, condensing 91.1%
LPG combi 690005 LPG combi Instant combi, condensing 90%
oil regular 690006 oil regular Regular, condensing 92%
oil combi 690007 oil combi Instant combi, condensing 90.1%

The table below is shown here for information and will be deleted at the final stage.

Controls are:
- for radiator systems:
• programmer,
• room thermostat and TRVs (or time and temperature zone control if already present),
• if interlocked, separate timing of space and water heating (if regular boiler);
- if a gas-fired combi boiler is installed at least one of the following should be installed: (these are options a to d from ADL-2021 paragraph 6.2)
a. FGHR
b. Weather compensation
c. Load compensation
d. Smart thermostat with automatization and optimisation

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for underfloor systems:

• time and temperature zone control.
Also:
- emitter temperature unknown;
- cylinder insulation and stat: 50 mm factory-applied insulation and cylinder thermostat.
- cylinder size:
• for measure I, leave cylinder size as it is;
• in the case of measures R, S and T, if regular boiler, cylinder of at least normal size (no solar panel) or medium size (solar panel present).
When there are two boilers, if main system 1 is being upgraded to a new boiler the new boiler does the water heating, unless main system 2 is also being upgraded to a new boiler
(improvement I for both boilers) and the water heating was from main system 2 – in that case water heating stays with main system 2.
In the case of improvement I, if only system 2 is being upgraded leave water heating source, cylinder (size, insulation, stat) and secondary heating system unchanged.
- if a gas-fired range cooker: a replacement includes two independently controlled burners (one for cooking and one for the boiler)
- If gas-fired warm air system: time and temperature control .

Note 5 : Replacement CPSU. Replacement is database condensing combi boiler 690003 (mains gas) or 690005 (LPG).
Controls are programmer, room thermostat and TRVs, interlocked system.
(690003 is a primary storage combi boiler. At present there are no condensing CPSUs available.)

Note 6 : Secondary glazing. If any of the windows are single glazed, a recommendation should be made for double glazing of all single-glazed windows. If the assessor cancels this
recommendation, a recommendation is made for secondary glazing for the single-glazed windows. The secondary glazing option should appear only in these circumstances.

Note 7 : Improvement Q. Solid wall insulation is considered for main wall, extensions 1, 2, 3 and 4 and alternative wall as applicable and applied to all applicable walls. Implemented
by changing the wall insulation to external wall insulation but leaving the building dimensions (in the reduced data set) unchanged.

Note 8 : Improvements J, J2, K. Database boiler 691001 (wood logs) or 691002 (wood pellets). Heating controls are programmer, room thermostat and TRVs. Upgrade hot water
cylinder to medium size with 50 mm factory-applied insulation and cylinderstat, separate timing of water heating.

This table is for information and will be deleted at the final stage.
Replacement boiler fuel and type Boiler database index Description
Wood logs 691001 Independent boiler 82% efficient
Wood pellets 691002 Closed room heater 82% efficient
Wood pellets 691003 Independent boiler 83% efficient

Note 9 : Improvements Z1, Z2. Use database heat pump as follows using the design heat loss of the dwelling allowing for any insulation measures already included:

Ground source HP:

Emitter Design heat loss Illustrative HP Boiler database efficiency
kW kW index
Radiators <5kW 4.6 693001 374.5
Radiators 5-8kW 7.6 693002 374.5

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Radiators >8kW 9.8 693003 374.5

Fan coils <5kW 4.9 693007 411
Fan coils 5-8kW 8.0 693008 411
Fan coils >8kW 10.4 693009 411
Underfloor < 6kW 5.3 693004 414
Underfloor 6 – 10kW 8.5 693005 414
Underfloor > 10kW 10.9 693006 414

Air source HP:

Emitter Design heat loss Illustrative HP Boiler database efficiency
kW kW index
Radiators <3kW 2 693010 328.2
Radiators 3-8kW 5.4 693011 328.2
Radiators >8kW 14 693012 328.2
Fan coils <3kW 2.8 693013 359.1
Fan coils 3-8kW 5.7 693014 359.1
Fan coils >8kW 14 693015 359.1
Underfloor < 4kW 3 693016 359.7
Underfloor 4 – 8kW 6.1 693017 359.7
Underfloor > 8kW 14 693018 359.7

Software selects HP on a basis of Design Heat Loss (DHL), calculated as dwelling’s heat loss coefficient multiplied by a temperature difference of 24.2K; refer to SAP10.2
Specification Appendix N for further details on DHL.

Note: Z1-1 (ASHP ) and Z1-2 (GSHP) have different installation costs.

Note 10 : Improvement Z3. Database micro-CHP 692001 (mains gas). If the PSR is out of range cancel the recommendation. Heating controls are programmer and room thermostat. If
DHW is not from main system, change it to main system. If no existing DHW cylinder add one of normal size (110 litres) with 50 mm factory insulation; Upgrade an existing hot
water cylinder to at least normal size (no solar panel) or medium size (solar panel present) with 50 mm factory-applied insulation and cylinderstat.

Note 11: Alternative measures (Q2, J2, Z1, Z2, Z3). These are to be included in the XML (except for park homes) so that they can be mentioned on the EPC, subject to the selection
conditions shown in the table for the measure and their attaining a cost saving (using current prices) of at least £10.

In the case of the heating alternatives (J2, Z1, Z2, Z3):

- implement each applicable alternative recommendation (in the case of heat pumps as an air source heat pump)
- if total costs are reduced by at least £10 mark it as a possible alternative recommendation
- remove amended heating system and proceed to next one

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- finally check the effect of the heating upgrade for the main recommendation list, retain alternatives that meet the above criterion if the main heating upgrade is recommended; if not
discard the alternatives as well

Note 12 : Improvements O, P. If there is already some single glazing, the double glazing or secondary glazing improvement is implemented by changing single glazed windows
changed to above specification and other windows left as they are. If Assessor cancels double/glazing recommendation, the recommendation becomes “secondary glazing”.

Note 13: Improvements for roof rooms. Any roof room element with a U-value ‘known’ to be > 0.35 should be improved to 0.16. ‘Known’ means i) U-value entered by the assessor,
ii) U-value deduced from the insulation thickness entered by the assessor, or iii) an as built U-value taken from RdSAP Tables. Any roof room element with an ‘unknown’ U-value
should not be improved. ‘Unknown’ means i) the presence of insulation is unknown, or ii) an element is known to have insulation, but the insulation thickness is unknown.

Therefore, based on the insulation status the following logic applies:

a. Roof room insulation type or insulation thickness = unknown: No improvement recommendation.
b. Roof room insulation = as built: Change all elements of roof rooms with U-value > 0.35 (from RdSAP Tables) to U = 0.16

e. Roof room details (area and U-values) provided: Recommend improvement if any elements with U-value > 0.35 to U = o.16

Note 14 : Improvement L2. New storage heater is 697101.

Note 15 : Improvement M. Warm air system is 697001 (space only) or 697002 (space and water). If the existing cylinder is indicated as “no access” in the RdSAP data its size is re-
assessed according to Table 28 : Cylinder size. If the heating system being replaced was not providing water heating, the water heating arrangements remain as they are.

Note 16 : Improvement Y. Recommendation applicable only if hot water if from a cylinder or a combi boiler. If one shower it is System A. If more than one shower the first shower
has System A and others System B, with System A is assigned to a room with shower and no bath if there is one. For System A use 695001, for System B use 695002.

Note 17: Improvement G: Two thermostats if TFA is large than 150m2.

Boiler controls are considered to be part of boiler installation.

Heating upgrades
An improvement to a heating system by adoption of any of the following measures:
I, J, K, L2, M, R, S, T, Z1, Z2
is taken as extending the main heating system to the whole dwelling where that is not the case in the existing dwelling. Thus when implementing any of the above measures, the
number of heated habitable rooms is to be set equal to the number of habitable rooms. This rule affects the results where there are unheated habitable rooms and no identified
secondary heater. If there is an identified secondary heater, the secondary heater remains throughout the sequence of calculations of improvement measures. Also, in the case of
measure T upgrading storage heaters to a condensing gas boiler if the secondary heating has been given as portable electric heaters the secondary heating becomes none after the
upgrade.

In the case of measure T, if the existing heating is storage heaters or off-peak underfloor electric heating (401, 402, 404, 408, 421, 422) change the electric meter to single.

Heating upgrades when there are two main systems

In the case of measure I (upgrade boiler, CPSU or range cooker, same fuel) where both systems each use the same fuel, apply the improvement to both boilers as applicable (i.e. boiler
is non-condensing) as a single step. If the result attains the SAP increase criterion make the recommendation on the EPC using the improvement text applicable to main system 1 if
both boilers are being upgraded.

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In the case of any other combination of main heating systems, apply the improvement to system 1 only. This includes measure I where that is relevant to main system 1 but not main
system 2, as well as consideration of measures J, K, M, R, S, T, J2, Z1, Z2.

Heating control upgrades when there are two main systems

Apply the improvement to the controls on system 1 only, except apply improved controls to both boilers if both replaced.

Central heating pump age for improvement measures

Where the heating is upgraded to a system which needs a central heating pump (J, J2, K, Z3, I, R, S, T), if the existing dwelling has a one this is retained (pump age is unchanged). If
the existing dwelling has no central heating pump then a new one is added (pump age is 2013 or later).

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Definitions of the Recommendation Status

For testing purposes only each improvement mentioned in the list can be indicated as being one of the following: Only those with status
“Recommended” or “Alternative” appear on the EPC.

Status Meaning Example

Not considered Measure not considered in this case Insulation measure for new dwelling
Not applicable Inapplicable in this case Loft insulation for ground or mid-floor flat
Existing Unknown Existing condition not known Cylinder insulation when cylinder inaccessible
Already installed Dwelling already has measure to at least that recommended in the above Originally clear cavity walls but cavity has been filled
Table of measures
Equivalent already Dwelling already has equivalent measure to at least that recommended in the Cavity wall is unfilled but has internal or external insulation to
installed above Table of measures give U <= 0.6

Error Incompatible data Solid wall marked as having cavity fill

Recommended Included in the quantified recommendations on the EPC Increase insulation of hot-water cylinder

Alternative Recommended as an alternative measure Heat pump

Superseded A measure further down the list applies instead Upgrade oil boiler to condensing oil boiler, but mains gas is
available so instead recommendation is for condensing gas
boiler
SAP increase too small SAP improvement is less than the applicable threshold for the measure 100% low energy lights raises SAP by 0.3 points.

Cost saving too small Total energy cost reduction is less than £10 when recalculated using current Increase in SAP rating is 0.51 points, but total energy cost
fuel prices increases (because of differential price changes since the values
in SAP Table 32 were set)

Recommendation Assessor deselected the recommendation PVs when roof significantly over-shaded
cancelled

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Software implementation recommendations:

All remaining improvement measures are to be written to the XML so that they are included on the EPC. (Note: for an existing dwelling the user is able to de-select measures. That is
not the case for new-build EPCs and the option to de-select measures should not be available in the case of new-build.)

The effect of each improvement measure is determined by implementing the measures in turn and calculating the results. The order of implementing the measures is to be as set out
below. Implementing measures is done by amending the input data, e.g. to increase the percentage of low-energy lights to 100%, and the calculation is re-done.
The results for each measure consist of:
- the incremental cost saving in £/year from implementation of the measure
- the cumulative SAP band and SAP rating (i.e. after implementing all measures so far)
- ditto environmental impact

The total running costs, CO2 emissions and primary energy are calculated after implementing all applicable measures. They are totalled separately for space heating, water heating and
lighting. The electricity for pumps and fans together with any additional standing charge is included with the space heating, except for electricity for a solar water heating pump and
for electric keep-hot by a keep-hot combi boiler which are included with the water heating.

The fuel prices to be used for the calculation of incremental savings and total running costs are those in Table 191 of the Product Characteristics Data File (pcdf2012.dat).
(Note: The prices in Table 191 are used only for calculation of costs and savings on EPCs. Any SAP rating, whether initial, after incremental improvements or final, must in all cases
be based on the prices given in Table 32. Thus software must maintain two sets of fuel prices, one set for calculation of SAP ratings and one set for calculation of running costs and
savings.)

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