DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR THE POST OF LABORATORYASSISTANT (FACTORY)

STATE FARMING CORPORATION OF KERALA LIMITED /

TECHNICAL ASSISTANT IN DRUGS CONTROL

(Category Nos: 102/2022, 313/2022, 508/2022)

(TOTAL MARKS – 100)

Modules 1: Basic Concepts of Chemistry (10 marks)

• Modern periodic law - Diagonal relationship and anomalous behavior of first

element in a group. Periodicity in properties: Atomic and ionic radii - ionization
enthalpy - electron affinity– electronegativity.

• Plank’s quantum theory, Photoelectric effect, The Compton effect- Bohr theory
of atom – Calculation of radius of an orbit and energy of an electron.

• Louis de Broglie's matter waves – wave-particle duality - Heisenberg's

uncertainty principle-Schrödinger wave equation wave functions – significance of
atomic orbitals and concept of quantum numbers.

• Pauli’s Exclusion principle - Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity - Aufbau

principle –electronic configuration of atoms.

• Ionic bond: factors favouring the formation of ionic bonds - lattice energy of
ionic compounds - Born-Haber cycle and its applications – properties of ionic
compounds – The Fajans rules.

• Covalent Bond: Valence Bond Theory - Concept of resonance – Hybridization and

the VSEPR theory: characteristics – shape of molecules: BeF2, C2H2, BF3, C2H4, CH4,
NH3, H2O, NH4+, H3O+, PCl5, SF6 and IF7, XeF2, IF5, XeF4, IF7 and XeF6- Dipole
moment and molecular structure.

• Covalent Bond: Molecular Orbital Theory –bonding and anti-bonding molecular

orbitals – bond order and its significance - MO diagrams of homonuclear and
heteronuclear diatomic molecules - H 2, He2, Li2, Be2, B2, C2, N2, O2, F2, CO and NO
– comparison of bond length, magnetic behavior and bond energy.

• Metallic Bond: free electron theory, and band theory - Intermolecular forces:
Hydrogen bond, types and consequences, The van der Waals forces, types.

• Electrophiles, nucleophiles, inductive effect, mesomeric effect,

hyperconjugation, electrometic effect, inductomeric effect, steric effect.

• Radioactivity, nuclear disintegration theories, characteristics of alpha, beta and

gamma particles, nuclear binding energy and mass defect, nuclear fission and
nuclear fusion, carbon dating, half-life period, artificial radioactivity, applications
of radioactivity.
• Explanation of shape of molecules using the concept of hybridization - Definition
and important characteristics of hybridization -Types of hybridization-SP3 .SP2 ,
SP- explanation of shape of organic molecules like methane, ethene and ethyne
and inorganic molecules like water and ammonia using hybridization.

Module 2: Inorganic Chemistry (10 Marks)

• Laws of chemical combination: Law of conservation of mass–Law of definite

proportions–Law of multiple proportions -Law of reciprocal proportions–Gay
Lussac’s law of gaseous volumes - statement, examples and Problems based on
the above laws.: Avagadro’s law- statement and applications- relationship
between molecular weight and vapour density(No derivation) Dulong and Petit’s
Law. statement, applications and simple problems based on this law. Give the
relation to find out the atomic weight of element from its equivalent weight.

• General properties of s, p, d and f block elements - inert pair effect, important

compounds of alkali and alkaline earth metals: sodium peroxide, potassium
iodide, Epsom salt, caustic soda, caustic potash, bleaching powder, lanthanoid
contraction, Hardness of water and removal of hardness.

• Isomerism in coordination compounds – Chelates, chelate effect - Stability of

complexes -Factors influencing stability - Werner’s theory and Sidgwick’s concept
of coordination – EAN rule, Valence bond theory of coordination compounds –
Inner orbital and outer orbital complexes.

• Crystal filed theory - Splitting of d orbitals in octahedral, tetrahedral, tetragonal

and square planar complexes – The Jahn Teller Effect– Jahn –Teller distortion in
Cu(II) complexes. Factors affecting crystal field splitting - CFSE of low spin and
high spin octahedral complexes. Spectrochemical series.

• Spectral and magnetic properties of complexes – electronic absorption spectrum

of [Ti(H2O)6]3+, Calculation of magnetic moments – spin only formula The 18-
electron rule and stability.

• Preparation, properties and bonding of Ferrocene - Metal-alkene complexes-

Zeise’s salt. Catalytic properties of organometallic compounds - Zeigler Natta
catalyst in the polymerization of alkene and Wilkinson catalyst in the
hydrogenation of alkene.

• Essential and trace elements in biological systems – Structure and functions of

haemoglobin and myoglobin, Role of alkali and alkaline earth metals in biological
systems, Na/K pump. Importance of Ca and Mg.

• Biological functions and toxicity of metals – Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mn, Ni, Co, Cd, Hg
and Pb. Metalloenzymes of zinc and copper, nitrogenase. Treatment of metal
toxicity by chelation therapy. Anti-cancer drugs – cis platin and carboplatin.

• Preparation, properties and structure of diborane, borazine, boric acid, boron

nitride, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, sodium thiosulphate, sulphuric acid, ammonia,
hydrogen sulphide.

• Preparation, structure and properties of potassium dichromate, potassium

permanganate, manganese dioxide, Mohr’s salt – alloys of transition metals.

• Interhalogen compounds – classification, preparation and structures of AB, AB 3,

AB5 and AB7 types- Compounds of noble gases.

• Statement of modern periodic law-explain the Moseley’s modern periodic table

with emphasis to periods and groups-explanation of periodicity of following
physical properties along a period and down a group-atomic(covalent and Van der
waals)radii and ionic radius .ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy and
electro-negativity

Module 3: Structural organic Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry

(10 Marks)

• Reactive intermediates: Carbocations, carbanions, free radicals and carbenes –

types, shape and relative stability.

• Optical isomerism: Optical activity, specific rotation, concept of chirality -

Configuration. Enantiomerism, diastereomerism and meso compounds. Racemic
mixture and methods of resolution. Asymmetric synthesis.

• Geometrical isomerism: cis–trans, syn-anti and E/Z nomenclature - Methods of

distinguishing geometrical isomers.

• Conformational analysis: Conformational analysis with respect to ethane, butane

and cyclohexane. Relative stability and energy diagrams. Interconversion of
Wedge formula, Newman, Sawhorse and Fischer projection formulae. Chair, boat
and twist boat forms of cyclohexane with energy diagrams. Conformation of
methyl cyclohexane - Baeyer’s strain theory.

• Reaction Mechanisms: SN1 and SN2 mechanisms with stereochemical aspects

and effects of substrate structure – E1 and E2 mechanisms with stereochemical
aspects and effects of substrate structure. The Hofmann rule for elimination, The
Saytzeff rule for elimination - Addition reactions – Markovnikov's rule, The
peroxide effect

• Hückel’s rule - application to benzenoid (benzene, naphthalene and anthracene)

and non-benzenoid (cyclopropenyl cation, cyclopentadienyl anion and tropylium
cation) compounds, Cycloadditions - Diels-Alder reaction and Sigmatropic
rearrangements - Claisen rearrangement.

• Air pollution: Causes, effects and control measures. Acid rain, smog, greenhouse
effect, Global warming, ozone depletion – causes and consequences. Water
pollution: Causes, effects of pesticides, insecticides and detergents on water
pollution. eutrophication, biomagnification, BOD, COD, Soil pollution: Causes and
effects: Agrochemicals, industrial wastes, petroleum wastes, electronic wastes,
landfill and dumping. Genetically modified plants.

• Toxic chemicals in the environment, impact of toxic chemicals on enzymes,

biochemical effects of As, Cd, Pb, Hg, CO, Oxides of Nitrogen and Sulphur, twelve
principles of green chemistry.

• Lubricants: Classification of lubricants, lubricating oils, solid and semisolid

lubricants, synthetic lubricants. Properties of lubricants, Soaps: Types of soaps –
Detergents: Types of detergents, Environmental aspects.

• Cosmetics - Types of cosmetics, Toxicology of cosmetics, Environmental hazards

of plastics, Natural and synthetic dyes with examples, Classification of drugs,
Fertilizers: Types of fertilizers, Environmental aspects.

• Criteria of purity-melting point, boiling point and mixed melting point-

Purification of solid organic compounds by crystallization and sublimation-Give the
principle and two Examples Purification of liquid organic compounds by
distillation-principle and two examples of simple distillation, fractional distillation-
distillation under reduced pressure and steam distillation Chromatography-
theory- Types of chromatography -Adsorption and partition chromatography -
Adsorption chromatography- Column chromatography and thin layer
chromatography

Module 4: Organic Chemistry -II (10 marks)

• Aldol condensation, Claisen condensation, Claisen-Schmidt , Knoevenagel and

Benzoin condensation (with mechanisms), The Cannizzaro reaction, The Wittig
reaction, The Mannich reaction (with mechanisms). The Michael addition (with
mechanism).

• Hell – Volhard - Zelinsky reaction, Perkin condensation, The Reformatsky

reaction, The Pinacol – Pinacolone rearrangement, The Reimer- Tiemann reaction,
The Fries rearrangement.

• Williamson’s ether synthesis, Gabriel’s phthalimide synthesis, Hofmann

bromamide, Reaction, Carbylamine test, Hinsberg’s test, The Schotten – Baumann
Reaction.

• Sandmeyer’ s reaction, Gatterman’s reaction. Schiemann’s reaction, Gomberg’s

reactions. Preparation, structure and uses of Phenyl hydrazine, Diazomethane and
Diazoacetic ester. Arndt –Eistert synthesis – Mechanism of Wolff rearrangement.

• Preparation and properties of alcohols, phenols, alkyl halides, amines,

aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, sulphonic acids, carbohydrates, ethers and
epoxides.

• Preparation, properties and classification of alkaloids, lipids, vitamins, steroids,

terpenoids, hormones, amino acids, enzymes. Structure and properties of proteins
and nucleic acids.

• Preparation and properties of aromatic hydrocarbons, Electrophilic aromatic

substitution - nitration, halogenation, sulphonation and Friedel-Craft’s reaction,
Orientation of aromatic substitution. ortho, para and meta directing effects of
groups. Ring activating and deactivating groups with examples. Molecular orbital
picture and resonance energy of Benzene, Naphthalene and Anthracene.

• Structure and aromaticity of 5-numbered and 6-membered heterocyclic

compounds, Synthesis and reactions of: Furan, Thiophene, Pyrrole, Pyridine,
Indole.

• Classification of carbohydrates, Reducing and non-reducing sugars. General

Properties of Glucose and Fructose, their open chain structure. Epimers,
mutarotation and anomers, Determination of configuration of Glucose, cyclic
structure of glucose, cyclic structure of fructose. Chain lengthening and chain
shortening of aldoses.

• Polymerisation reactions - Mechanism of cationic, anionic and free radical

addition polymerization, Metallocene-based Ziegler-Natta polymerisation of
alkenes. Preparation and applications of plastics – thermosetting (Phenol-
formaldehyde, Urea-formaldehyde, Polyurethane) and thermosoftening
(Polythene, PVC); Fibres (acrylic, polyamide, polyester). Synthetic rubbers – SBR,
Nitrile rubber and Neoprene. Introduction to conducting polymers with examples,
biodegradability of polymers. Recycling of plastics.

• Definition of empirical formula-deduction of empirical formula from percentage

composition of elements-definition of molecular formula, calculation of molecular
formula from empirical formulaStructural formulae of compounds- dash formula,
complete formula, condensed formula and bond line formula. Shape of molecules
using hybridization-methane and ethane by sp3 , ethene and benzene by sp2 and
ethyne by sp hybridization.

Module 5: Physical Chemistry - I (10 Marks)

• Kinetic Theory of Gases, ideal gas equation, deviation of real gases from ideal
behaviour, compressibility factor, causes of deviation. The van der Waals equation
of state for real gases. Boyle temperature.

• Maxwell Boltzmann distribution laws of molecular velocities and molecular

energies, the most probable, average and root mean square velocities, Factors
affecting Surface tension, Viscosity, Determination of surface tension and
viscosity.

• Miller indices, seven crystal systems, X–Ray diffraction by crystals, Bragg’s

equation, Structure of ionic compounds: NaCl, CsCl, ZnS, CaF2, Na2O.

• Point defects in crystals – stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric defects,

extrinsic and intrinsic defects - Electrical conductivity, semiconductors, n-type, p-
type, Superconductivity.
• Liquid crystals and its thermographic behaviour. Classification. – The Freundlich
adsorption isotherm, The Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

• Introduction to various types of molecular spectroscopic Techniques: Rotation

spectroscopy, Vibrational spectroscopy, The Raman Spectroscopy, NMR
spectroscopy, Electronic spectroscopy, ESR spectroscopy

• Concepts of Chemical Thermodynamics: State function and path function,

Extensive and intensive properties, internal energy and enthalpy, Different types
of thermodynamic processes: Isothermal, isobaric, isochoric, adiabatic, cyclic,
exothermic, endothermic, reversible, irreversible, spontaneous, non-spontaneous,
heat capacity at constant pressure and at constant volume.

• Four laws of thermodynamics: the Zeroth law, the First law, the Second law, the
Third law, The Joule-Thomson effect, liquefaction of gases, Enthalpies of formation,
combustion and neutralization. Hess’s law and its applications.

• The Carnot cycle and its efficiency, Carnot theorem, Entropy and free energy:
concepts, significance, variation with temperature and pressure, Chemical
potential, Law of mass action-equilibrium constant, Relation between Kp, Kc and
Kx.

• The phase rule, equilibrium between phases, One component system – water
system, sulphur system. Two component systems – solid-liquid equilibrium –
Simple Eutectic, Lead- Silver system, Formation of compounds with Congruent
Melting Point; Ferric chloride–Water system, Formation of compounds with
Incongruent Melting Point Sodium sulphate–Water system.

Module 6: Physical Chemistry - II (10 Marks)

• Concepts of acids and bases, relative strength of acid-base pairs, influence of

solvents, dissociation constants – acids, bases, and polyprotic acids. Ostwald’s
dilution law, Degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of ionization, ionization
constant and ionic product of water-pH. Effects of solvents on ionic strength.

• Buffer solutions – Mechanism ofbuffer action, Henderson equation. Hydrolysis of

salts – degree of hydrolysis and hydrolysis constant, determination of degree of
hydrolysis, pH of salt solutions.

• Rate of reaction, rate equation, order and molecularity of reactions,

determination of order of a reaction, Effect of temperature on the rate of reaction:
The Arrhenius equation, concept of activation energy, Collision theory, Transition
state theory

• Raoult’s law- ideal and non-ideal solutions, Henry’s law. Distribution of a solute
between two solvents– Nernst distribution law.
• Colligative properties of dilute solutions – vapour pressure lowering, Boiling
point elevation and freezing point depression, Osmotic pressure –laws ofosmotic
pressure – Reverse osmosis – purification of sea water.

• Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, electrochemical equivalent, chemical equivalent.

Electrolytic conductivity, molar conductivity, Kohlrausch’s law – Applications,
Transference number and its experimental determination using Hittorf and Moving
boundary methods.

• Debye-Hückel theory of strong electrolytes – the concept of ionic

atmosphere,Asymmetry and electrophoretic effect, The Debye- Hückel-Onsager
equation.

• Electrochemical cells and electrolytic cells, Galvanic cells, characteristics of

reversible cells. Reversible electrodes – Different types, Reference electrodes –
Standard Hydrogen Electrode, Calomel electrode, Electrode potential –
Electrochemical series. Representation of cells, Electrode reactions and cell
reactions

• Laws of photochemistry: The Beer-Lambert law, The Grothus-Draper law, The

Stark-Einstein law. The Jablonsky diagram, Fluorescence, Phosphorescence,
Quantum yield, examples of low and high quantum yields.

• Elements of symmetry – Proper and improper axis of symmetry, plane of

symmetry, centre of symmetry and identity element. Combination of symmetry
elements, Schoenflies symbol, Point groups, The postulates of quantum
mechanics, the concepts of operators, the particle in a one-dimensional-box.

Module 7: Industrial Aspects of Chemistry-I (10 marks)

• Petroleum-Natural gas-fraction of crude oil-fractional distillation-cracking-

reforming-hydro forming-isomerisation. Octane number and Cetane number,
Knocking-anti-knock compounds

• CNG, LNG, Biodiesel, bio-gas, fuels derived from bio-mass; Fuel from wastes,
Gaseous fuels, The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, The Bergius process. Coal: types-
distillation of coal-carbonization-types of carbonizations. Distillation of coal tar.

• Basic metallurgical operations: Pulverisation-calcination–roasting-refining.

Physicochemical principle of extraction of iron-copper-silver-sodium-aluminium-
magnesium-zinc-uranium, titanium, classification of steel, heat treatment of steel,
passivity, different theories of rusting of iron and its prevention.

• Corrosion- Dry or Chemical Corrosion - Wet or electrochemical corrosion -

Mechanism of Electrochemical Corrosion - Factors Influencing Corrosion –
Corrosion Control - Proper designing - Using pure metal - Using metal alloys -
Cathodic protection.

• Industrially important inorganic compounds: structure, properties and

manufacture of alumina-silica–silicates-clays-mica, zeolites, –carbon (graphite,
diamond, carbon nanotubes and fullerene) – Chlor-alkali Compounds.

• Electrical Insulating Materials - Dielectric properties - Requirements of an

Electrical Insulating Material, Semiconductors and superconductors– Classification,
applications, Manufacture.

• Techniques to synthesize nanoparticles: – top down and bottom-up approaches –

common growth methods. Preparation, properties and applications of carbon
nanotubes, nanorods, nano fibre and nanoclay – toxic effects of nanomaterials.

• Preparation of colloids-dispersion method – mechanical dispersion-electrical

dispersion-peptization-electrolytic disintegration-dispersion by ultrasonic waves,
Aggregation methods of preparation of colloids.

• General properties of colloids -optical properties of sols –optical rotation-optical

anisotropy, The Tyndall effect, kinetic properties of sols- The Brownian movement,
Electrical properties of sols- charge on sol particles-electric double layer-Zeta
potential- electrophoresis and electro osmosis, sedimentation potential and
streaming potential, Methods for coagulation –The Hardy –Schulze rule, Protective
action of sols-protective colloids-gold number.

• Catalysis: Homogeneous and heterogeneous–basic principles–mechanism,

factors affecting the performance. Introduction to phase transfer catalysis,
Enzyme-catalysed reactions –rate –model– examples of industrially important
enzyme catalysed reactions.

• Silicate industries- Pigments – TiO2 manufacture with help of flow sheet –

chloride process and sulphate process. Carbon black – paints – constituents -
Manufacture of sodium silicate – uses cement – raw materials – main unit
operation and process involved – wet and dry process – merits & demerits. Glass –
manufacturing method - different grades – uses. Refractories - types –
classification, properties – manufacture of fire clay brick, silicate brick, high
alumina brick, carbon ceramics – raw material – main unit operation and process

Module 8: Industrial Aspects of Chemistry - II (10 marks)

• Polymers: Plastics- thermosetting and thermo plastics-moulding of plastics into

articles- compression moulding, injection moulding, transfer moulding, extrusion
moulding, blow moulding. Other methods for plastic processing- calendaring,
casting, thermoforming, Foaming.

• Rubber processing: Rubber latex-processing of latex- Mastication –compounding

of rubber vulcanisation of rubber-techniques, sulphur and non-sulphur
vulcanisation. Basic idea about reclaimed rubber, foam rubber and sponge rubber

• Unit Operations: Distillation, Boiling point diagrams, distillation methods:

equilibrium distillation, differential distillation, rectification, Absorption: selection
criteria for Solvent, Gas absorption Equipment, Evaporation: Equipment-short tube
(standard) evaporator, forced circulation evaporators.

• Unit Operations: Filtration, Filter media and filter aids, different types of filters.,
Drying: free-moisture, bound moisture, drying curve, types of dryers.
Crystallization: Introduction: solubility, super saturation, nucleation, crystal,
growth, types of crystallizers.

• Unit processes: Nitration- Nitrating agents, mechanism of nitration processes

such as nitration of (a) Paraffinic hydrocarbons(b)Benzene to nitro benzene and
meta-dinitro benzene (c) Chlorobenzene to o- and p- nitro chlorobenzene d)
Toluene. Halogenation: Introduction: mechanism of halogenation reactions,
reagents for halogenation Chloral, mono chloroacetic acid and
dichlorofluoromethane, D.D.T, B.H.C.

• Unit processes: Sulphonation: Sulphonating agents, chemical and physical

factors in sulphonation, Oxidation: Introduction – types of oxidation reactions
manufacture of benzoic acid, acetic acid, Phthalic anhydride, Acrolein.
manufacture of benzoic acid, acetic acid, Phthalic anhydride, Acrolein.

• Unit processes: Esterification: esterification by organic acids, by addition of

unsaturated compounds, esterification of carboxylic acid derivatives, commercial
manufacture and uses of ethyl acetate, dioctyl phthalate, vinyl acetate, cellulose
acetate, Hydrolysis: Definition and types of hydrolysis, Hydrolyzing agents,
mechanism of hydrolysis, Industrial Hydrolysis of carbohydrates- starch to
dextrose.

• Unit processes: Amination By reduction: Introduction, Methods of reduction-

metal and acid, catalytic, sulphide, electrolytic, metal hydrides, sodium metal,
concentrated caustic oxidation, reduction. Commercial manufacture of aniline and
meta-nitro aniline, Alkylation: Introduction: Types of Alkylation, Alkylating agents,
manufacture of alkyl benzene (for detergent manufacture), ethyl benzene, phenyl
ethyl alcohol, N-alkyl anilines.

• Analytical and Instrumental methods: Industrial thermometers- glass

thermometers- pressure spring thermometers, resistance thermometers,
Manometers, Barometers -Pressure gauges.

• Polarimetry, Refractometry, Nephelometry, Differential Scanning Calorimetry,

Thermogravimetry, Potentiometry, Conductometry.

Module 9: Process plant operations and safety (10 marks)

• FLUID HANDLING EQUIPMENTS Pump classifications – Positive displacement and

Centrifugal. Positive displacement pumps – reciprocating and rotary –
reciprocating type – piston plunger pumps – simplex and duplex – single acting
and double acting. Diaphragm pumps – Rotary – gear pump, screw pumps, lobe
pumps. Fluid displacement pumps – Airlift, Acid egg, Jet pumps, Electromagnetic
pumps Centrifugal pumps: - Basic working principles, types of impellers for
different fluids, single suction and double suction type. Split case and multistage
pumps. Priming of centrifugal pumps and self-priming pumps. Turbine pumps,
NPSH, cavitation, selection of pumps based on liquid characteristic, head, capacity
etc: - Fans, Blowers, compressors – Positive displacement blowers, turbo blowers,
turbo compressors, positive displacement compressors, vacuum pumps and
ejectors. Nash Hytor. Installation, start up and shut down procedures of above
machineries.

• safety in chemical process, define hazard and explain the classifications of

hazards, explosive hazard, State Hazard Code and Explosive Limit, Differentiate
Lower Explosive Limit and Upper Explosive Limit, Define Toxic Hazard and Toxicity,
List Threshold Limit Values of toxic chemicals. Define Flammability.

• Describe Threshold Limit Value (TLV), Time Weighted Average (TWA), Maximum
Allowable Concentration (MAC), Short Term Explosive Limit (STEL), Frequency Rate
(FR), Severity Rate (SR), Frequency Severity Rate (FSR).

• Describe the procedures in Transporting Hazardous chemicals.

• Explain Requirements of personal protective Equipment. Explain Classification

and Selectivity of personal protective Equipment.

• Comprehend fire detection, prevention, firefighting in process plants.

• Explain elements of fire and fire triangle. Describe slow combustion, rapid
combustion & spontaneous combustion, classify fire according to combustible
materials List the causes of initiation of fire.

• Explain the Criteria for selection of fire detectors. Explain about the following
types of detectors in chemical plants smoke detector, ionisation detector,
photoelectric detector, infrared detector. Explain in detail about Fire Alarms

• Explain Fire extinguishing technique. List the Indian standards on fire

extinguishers. Explain the working of the following extinguishers. 1. Soda Acid
extinguishers 2. Gas cartridge and stored pressure water filled extinguisher 3.
Antifreeze extinguishers 4. Pump tank extinguishers 5. Foam extinguishers 6. Co2
extinguishers 7. Dry chemical fire extinguishers List precautions for prevention of
fire and describe active fire protection systems.

• Explain about safety training and the role of training in industry. Explain the role
of human error in industry. State the general safety rules and describe safety
measures in chemical laboratories and Pilot Plants. Explain Hazard check list and
Explain safety check list for identification of Hazards Explain safety check list
during installation, during start up and during shut down. Explain personal safety
and the principles of safety management. Explain Employees state Insurance Act.
Explain Workmen’s Compensation Act.

Module 10: Petroleum and energy engineering (10 marks)

• Important primary and Secondary Liquids Fuels. Define Petroleum, Origin,

Formation of Petroleum, Exploration, and Drilling. Name the different Crude Oil
and their sources. Classify Petroleum deposits, Explain fractional distillation of
crude oil refining process with flow diagram.

• Purification of petroleum products, define sweetening of petroleum, List the

important sweetening processes, Explain Doctor’s sweetening process, Describe
Copper Chloride sweetening process, explain with flow diagram of Copper
Chloride sweetening process for the sweetening of butane, gasoline, fuel oil and
Kerosene.

• Nuclear fuels used for power generation, Define Nuclear fusion reactors, Classify
the Nuclear reactors for power generation, Draw the nuclear reactor & name the
parts, List the nuclear fuel materials, Describe the occurrence of Uranium,
Thorium& Plutonium. Explain magneto hydrodynamics power generation with the
help of diagram, List the advantage of using hydrogen as an energy carrier,
Describe the storage of hydrogen.

• Calorific value-higher and lower calorific value-bomb calorimeter-Junker’s gas

calorimeter-flame temperature-Ignition temperature.

• Analysis of coal-proximate and ultimate analysis-classification of coal according

to their analysis, properties and uses of coal for industrial purpose-Classification of
furnaces- construction and working of blast furnaces, open hearth, rotary kiln,
electric arc furnaces – waste heat recovery-application of various furnaces-fuel
burning system-stockers-grates- pulverized coal burning system-fluidized bed
combustion system-burning system for liquid fuels- steam atomizing burners-
burning system for gaseous fuel- inside and outside mixing burners.

• Non-conventional energy-Solar energy-types of collectors – thermal application

for solar energy-water heating – space heating- cooling and refrigeration-
distillation-solar drying and cooking-working of silicon cell Wind energy-working of
wind mills energy from bio mass-working principle of ocean thermal energy
conversion –Schematic diagram of OTEC-Geo thermal power- geo thermal power
station in India-tidal energy sites in India-tidal energy power generation.

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NOTE: - It may be noted that apart from the topics detailed above, questions
from other topics prescribed for the educational qualification of the post may
also appear in the question paper. There is no undertaking that all the topics
above may be covered in the question paper