Unit 3 Lesson 5

Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences

General Academic Strand | Humanities and Social Sciences
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Damage to the
environment
can lead to
natural hazards.
In turn, natural
hazards lead to
disasters that
cause damage to
human lives.

3
The human-
environment
systems
approach is a
lens through
which this chain
of effects can be
analyzed.

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 ● Distinguish the ways by which human-
environment interactions shape cultural and
Learning
Competencies natural landscapes (HUMSS_DIS 11-IVd-10).
● Interpret thematic and mental maps to
understand landscape changes and an
individual’s sense of place (HUMSS_DIS 11-IVd-
10).
● Explain environmental and social issues
through the analysis of spatial distributions
and spatial processes (HUMSS_DIS 11-IVd-10).

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 Learning
Objectives
● Define human-environment systems.
● Understand and apply the DPSIR model.
● Define sustainability and conservation.
● Discuss how human activities can affect the
environment and vice versa in the
Philippine context.

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 Destruction of Forests and the Pandemic
Explore
1. Read the news article below.
2. Answer the guide questions that follow.
Rampant Destruction of Forests ‘Will Unleash More
Pandemics”
McKie, Robin. “Rampant Destruction of Forests ‘Will
Unleash More Pandemics.’” The Guardian, August 30,
2020.
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/au
g/30/rampant-destruction-of-forests-will-unleash-
more-pandemics.

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Essential
Question

How do human beings and the environment

affect each other?

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 Human-Environment Systems
Definition

Symbiotic relationship between humans and the environment

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 Human-Environment Systems

Examples: The Environment Affecting Humans

farming as a source of
livelihood in plains with
rich soils

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 Human-Environment Systems

Examples: Humans Affecting the Environment

● construction projects of
corporations causing
deforestation
● using solar panels as a
source of energy

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 Human-Environment Systems

Examples: The Environment Affecting Humans

● the environment affecting culture

○ *polyandry in the Himalayas due to scarcity of land

*Polyandry - brothers marrying the same woman

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 Human-Environment Systems

Examples: Humans Affecting the Environment

● culture influencing the amount of natural resources

consumed

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 Human-Environment Systems

Examples

● sense of place - the

feelings, symbols, or
memories that a person
attaches to a particular
place

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 Human-Environment Systems

Examples
● spatial distribution -
how phenomena and
people are spread all
over a particular place
● spatial processes -
any actions or
processes that occur in
a particular area

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 Human-Environment Systems

Examples: The Environment Affecting Humans

● people from rural areas

moving to urban areas for
job opportunities

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 Human-Environment Systems

Examples: Humans Affecting the Environment

● migration leading to
overpopulation
● overpopulation leading to
increased waste and pollution

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 Human-Environment Systems
Levels of Human-Environment Interaction (Scholz and Binder,
2004)

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 Check
Your
Progress
Why is it important to analyze spatial
distribution and spatial processes? How can
they help us understand how human beings
and the environment affect one another?

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 Human-Environment Systems

The DPSIR Model

● means drivers, pressures, state, impacts, and

responses
● shows the relationship between environmental issues
and other aspects of society such as governmental
projects and economic trends

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 Human-Environment Systems

The DPSIR Model

● Drivers - trends that can affect the environment

● Pressures - emissions or wastes resulting from the drivers
● State - a particular element of the environment
● Impacts - large-scale effects on the environment
● Response - actions people take to address the impacts

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 Human-Environment Systems

The DPSIR Model

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 Human-Environment Systems

DPSIR Model: Sustainability and Conservation

sustainability - “meeting the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs” (Brundtland Report 1987, cited in UN Academic Impact
n.d.)

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 Human-Environment Systems

DPSIR Model: Sustainability and Conservation

conservation - “the management, use, and protection of a

natural resource to prevent overexploitation or destruction”
(Schelhas and Lassoie 2001, 11)

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 Human-Environment Systems

Application of the DPSIR Model

How do you think the DPSIR model can be applied to online

shopping?

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 Human-Environment Systems

Application of the DPSIR Model

● Driver - online shopping

● Pressures - plastic waste and
greenhouse gases
● State - quality of the ocean
waters

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 Human-Environment Systems

Application of the DPSIR Model

● Impacts - pollution, danger to

animals and humans, global
warming
● Response - calls for reduced
use of plastic

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 Check
Your
Progress
If you were a lawmaker, what responses would
you propose in order to address the increased
plastic use due to online shopping?

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 Human-Environment Systems

Case Study: Typhoon Ulysses

● impact of Typhoon Ulysses

● human activities as a factor leading to the typhoon
○ illegal mining, deforestation, quarrying
○ “business-as-usual” mindset (Mundita Lim cited in Enano
2020)
■ construction projects of corporations

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 ● The human-environment systems approach
Wrap-Up recognizes that people and the environment affect
each other in a symbiotic manner.

● The DPSIR model is one way of analyzing the

relationship between human beings and the
environment. DPSIR stands for drivers, pressures,
state, impacts, and responses.

● Many of the environmental phenomena we now

experience are linked to human activities.

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Wrap-Up

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 Think of a particular human activity that you
Challenge
Yourself
believe affects the environment (e.g., fishing,
building malls, illegal logging). Complete the
flowchart provided using your previous
knowledge about the human activity of your
choice as well as the concepts you have learned
from this lesson. This activity can be done in
groups of three to four members.

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Challenge
Yourself

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 Bibliography

“Cultural Practices and Ecosystem Management.” International Union for Conservation of

Nature. Accessed December 12, 2020.
https://www.iucn.org/commissions/commission-ecosystem-management/our-work/cems-thematic-
groups/cultural-practices-and-ecosystem-
management#:~:text=For%20example%2C%20culture%20influences%20consumption,biodiversity%20loss%20or
%20climate%20change.

“DPSIR.” Environmental Justice Organizations, Liabilities and Trade. Accessed December 12, 2020.
http://www.ejolt.org/2013/02/dpsir/.

Dumlao, Artemio. “Baguio to Collect Tourist Fees.” Philstar Global. January 24, 2020.
https://www.philstar.com/nation/2020/01/24/1987459/baguio-collect-tourist-fees.

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 Bibliography
The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. “Slash-and-Burn Agriculture.” Encyclopædia
Britannica. Accessed December 12, 2020.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/slash-and-burn-agriculture.

Enano, Jhesset O. “Group Says Protection of Forests Must Be Core of Disaster Response.” Inquirer.net. November 17,
2020. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1361520/group-says-protection-of-forests-must-be-core-of-disaster-
response.

Galvez, Daphne. “Eco-groups Urge E-commerce Sites to Reduce Plastic Use, Packaging Waste.” Inquirer.net. November
11, 2020. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1359221/eco-groups-urge-e-commerce-sites-to-reduce-plastic-use-
packaging-waste.

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 Bibliography
Hofer, Barbara, and Andrew U. Frank. “Towards a Method to Generally Describe Physical
Spatial Processes,” In Headway in Spatial Data Handling, edited by
Anne Ruas and Christopher Gold, 217-232. Berlin, Germany: Springer Science + Business Media.
https://publik.tuwien.ac.at/files/pub-geo_2249.pdf.

Knox, Paul L. and Sallie A. Marston. Places and Regions in Global Context: Human Geography.
4th ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007.

Goodall, Brian. Dictionary of Human Geography. London: Penguin Books, 1987.

Major, Kerri. “Plastic Waste and Climate Change - What's the Connection?” World Wide Fund for Nature - Australia. July 4,
2019. https://www.wwf.org.au/news/blogs/plastic-waste-and-climate-change-whats-the-connection#gs.ncjmey.

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 Bibliography
Malindog-Uy, Anna. “Five Typhoons in a Row Test For Duterte.” The ASEAN Post. November
15, 2020. https://theaseanpost.com/article/five-typhoons-row-test-duterte.

Mayuga, Jonathan L. “Ulysses Revives Opposition to P12-billion Kaliwa Dam Project.” Business
Mirror. December 1, 2020.
https://businessmirror.com.ph/2020/12/01/ulysses-revives-opposition-to-p12-billion-kaliwa-dam-project/.

Ovide, Shira. “Big Tech Versus Climate Change.” The New York Times. July 23, 2020.
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/23/technology/big-tech-climate-change.html.

Parker, Laura. “The World's Plastic Pollution Crisis Explained.” National Geographic. Accessed December 12, 2020.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/plastic-pollution/.

Pimm, Stuart L. “Deforestation.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed December 14, 2020.

https://www.britannica.com/science/deforestation.
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 Bibliography
Schelhas, John, and James P. Lassoie. “Learning Conservation and Sustainable Development: An Interdisciplinary
Approach.” Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 30 (2001): 111-119.
https://www.agronomy.org/files/jnrlse/issues/2001/e00-20.pdf.

Scholz, Roland W., and Claudia R. Binder. “Principles of Human-Environment Systems (HES)
Research.” 2nd International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software -
Osnabrück, Germany - June 2004. Accessed December 11, 2020.
https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3345&context=iemssconference.

“Spatial Distribution.” General Multilingual Environmental Thesaurus. Accessed December 12,

2020. https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/11118.

“Sustainability.” Academic Impact - United Nations. Accessed December 12, 2020. https://www.un.org/en/academic-
impact/sustainability.

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 Bibliography
“Symbiosis: The Art of Living Together.” National Geographic. Accessed December 12, 2020.
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/symbiosis-art-living-together/.

Tollefson, Jeff. “Why Deforestation and Extinctions Make Pandemics More Likely.” Nature.
August 7, 2020. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02341-1.

Tschakert, Petra, Karl Zimmerer, Brian King, Seth Baum, and Chongming Wang, Daniel
Kunches. “What Are Coupled Human-Environment Systems?” Penn State College of
Earth and Mineral Sciences. Accessed December 12, 2020.
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog30/node/325.

“What is Quarrying.” The Institute of Quarrying. Accessed December 14, 2020.

https://www.quarrying.org/about-quarrying/quarrying-explained.

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