Marathon: PART-07

Dr. Ravi P. Agrahari

(PhD from IIT Delhi, Author of Mc Graw Hill
Science & Technology and Environmental Ecology,
Biodiversity, Climate Change BOOK)

Dr. Ravi P. Agrahari’s Classes (Science & Technology + Environment): available @Purvanchal IAS App
Dr. Ravi P. Agrahari
❏ PhD (IIT Delhi),
❏ Director (Purvanchal IAS), Gorakhpur (UP)

❏ Faculty of Science & Technology and Environment

❏ PhD IIT Delhi, Experience of Research Scientist of DST
❏ Last 20 years teaching Experiences with 1000 + Selections

❏ Author of McGraw Hill for Science & Technology (Highly Selling

Book in India) and Environment Book
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Telegram Channel: https://t.me/drravipagrahari (Personal)

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 UNIT-VII

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)

and Related Rights

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Intellectual Property
• Intellectual Property is a collection of ideas and concepts, which can be protected through
trademarks, copyrights and patents.
• IPR are the rights which allow the patent holder, trademark carrier or copyrighted work to
benefit them for their brainwork or investments.
KAPILA: The Government has launched a campaign
Copyrights
namely Kalam Program for Intellectual Property
Trademarks Literacy and Awareness Campaign (KAPILA) for
intellectual Property Literacy and creating patent
Patents literacy.
Industrial Design
Trade Secrets
Trade Dress
Plant Varieties
Geographical Indications (GI TAG)
 1. Medicines Patent Pool Agreement for
Leukaemia

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Recently, the Medicines Patent Pool (MPP), a United Nations-endorsed organization,
entered into sub-licence agreements with three Indian companies to enhance the
accessibility and affordability of certain cancer drugs for patients.

These agreements authorize the production of generic versions of Novartis' cancer

treatment drug Nilotinib, primarily utilized for Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML),
across various countries.

The licensing terms encompass India, seven middle-income countries, and 44

territories, enabling the supply of generic Nilotinib versions, contingent upon local
regulatory approval.

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About the Medicines Patent Pool (MPP):

•MPP is a United Nations-supported public health entity dedicated to expanding

access to life-saving medicines for Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs).

•Founded in July 2010, it is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.

•MPP collaborates with diverse stakeholders, including civil society, governments,

international organizations, industry, and patient groups, to prioritize and license
essential medicines, facilitating generic manufacturing and new formulation
development.

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Currently, MPP has signed agreements with twelve patent holders covering thirteen
HIV antiretrovirals, a HIV technology platform, three hepatitis C direct-acting
antivirals, a tuberculosis treatment, a long-acting technology, two experimental
oral antiviral treatments for Covid-19, and a Covid-19 serological antibody
technology.

Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML):

•CML is a form of Leukemia, a cancer affecting blood cells and bone marrow. Other
types include Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML),
and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).

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• Characteristics: It is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal
white blood cells known as myeloid cells.

• Progression: CML typically advances gradually and is often detected during the
chronic phase.

• Diagnosis: Diagnosis of CML typically involves a combination of blood tests and

bone marrow examinations.

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 2. PepsiCo Patents revocation for Potato
Variety

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Recently, the Delhi High Court affirmed the decision of the Protection of Plant Varieties
And Farmers’ Rights Authority (PPVFRA) to revoke PepsiCo India's intellectual
property protection for a potato variety known as FL 2027.

Background of the FL 2027 Potato Variety Case:

•About FL 2027 Variety: FL 2027 is a potato variety developed by Robert W Hoopes at Frito-Lay
Agricultural Research (USA), tailored for chip production by PepsiCo's Lay's brand. It boasts
characteristics ideal for chip manufacturing, including high dry matter, low sugar content, and
reduced moisture content.

•PepsiCo India Holdings received a certificate of registration for FL 2027 as an "extant variety"
from PPVFRA on February 1, 2016. This implied exclusive commercial rights for a specified
period, extendable up to 15 years. However, PepsiCo's attempt to register FL 2027 as a “new
variety” was rejected due to failure to meet novelty criteria.

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• Reasons for Revocation: PPVFRA revoked the protection in December 2021
and rejected PepsiCo's renewal application in February 2022.

• This decision was based on PepsiCo's incorrect information regarding the

variety's first commercialization date and its misapplication for registration.

•The Delhi HC upheld PPVFRA's decision, criticizing PepsiCo's application process

and affirming the authority's decision to revoke intellectual property protection.

Dr. Ravi P. Agrahari’s Classes (Science & Technology + Environment): available @Purvanchal IAS App
About PPVFRA:

• Purpose: PPVFRA is tasked with safeguarding the rights of plant breeders and
farmers in India, established under the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers'
Rights (PPVFR) Act, 2001.

• Responsibilities: It grants intellectual property protection to plant varieties,

conducts examinations, and issues certificates of registration. Additionally, it has the
authority to revoke or cancel registrations if deemed necessary.

• Role: PPVFRA plays a pivotal role in upholding the rights of breeders and farmers
and ensuring fair practices in plant variety registration and protection in India.

Dr. Ravi P. Agrahari’s Classes (Science & Technology + Environment): available @Purvanchal IAS App
 3. GI Tags: Recent Developments

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Recently, more than 17 products from various regions including Odisha, Arunachal Pradesh,
West Bengal, and Jammu & Kashmir have been granted the Geographical Indication (GI) tag.

Products with GI Tags from Odisha:

1.Kapdaganda Shawl:
1. Woven and embroidered by women of the Dongria Kondh tribe, a Particularly Vulnerable
Tribal Group (PVTG) in the Niyamgiri hills of Odisha's Rayagada and Kalahandi districts.
2. Reflects the rich tribal heritage of the Dongria Kondhs.
2.Lanjia Saura Painting:
1. Belongs to the Lanjia Saura community, a PVTG largely residing in Odisha's Rayagada
district.
2. Exterior murals painted on mud walls of homes, featuring white paintings on a crimson-
maroon background.
3.Koraput Kala Jeera Rice:
1. Black rice variety, also known as the 'Prince of Rice', famous for its aroma, taste, texture, and
nutritional value.
2. Preserved by tribal farmers of the Koraput region for around 1,000 years.

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1.Similipal Kai Chutney:
• Traditional delicacy made with red weaver ants, found in the forests of Odisha's
Mayurbhanj district, including the Similipal forests.

2.Nayagarh Kanteimundi Brinjal:

• Known for its prickly thorns on stems and resistance to major insects.
• Originates from Nayagarh district in Odisha.

3.Odisha Khajuri Guda:

• Jaggery extracted from date palm trees, originating in Odisha's Gajapati district.

4.Dhenkanal Magji:
• Sweet made from buffalo milk cheese, distinguished by its appearance, taste, flavor,
shape, and size.
• Originates from Dhenkanal district in Odisha.

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State Product Name Brief Explanation
Wancho Wooden Craft Ethnic wooden craft integral to Wancho tribes, used for decoration
and gifting, historically used in various aspects of their community
Arunachal Pradesh life.

Adi Kekir Ginger variety from Arunachal Pradesh.

Tangail Saree Saree Style originating from Bengal with distinct weaving patterns.

Garad Saree Saree, known for its unique texture and appearance, is a
West Bengal traditional attire from Bengal.
Korial Saree Saree variety is recognized for its weaving style and traditional
significance in Bengal.
Gujarat Kachchhi Kharek Product of date palm harvested at Khalal (fresh stage).
Ramban Anardana Locally referred to as Dhruni, is an important fruit tree growing
Jammu and Kashmir wild in hilly tracts and forests of J & K.

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Geographical Indication (GI) Tag:

About:
•A GI tag is a designation used on certain products indicating their specific geographical origin.

•It ensures that products possess qualities, reputation, or characteristics unique to their place of
origin.

•Only authorized users or producers from the geographical area are permitted to use the
product's name with the GI tag.

•It protects the product from unauthorized use, imitation, or misuse by others.
•The validity of a registered GI tag is for 10 years.

•GI registration is overseen by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade
(DPIIT) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

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Geographical Indication (GI) Tag:

Legal Framework and Obligations:

• The Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 governs the
registration and protection of geographical indications in India.

• It aligns with the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
(TRIPS).

• The Paris Convention acknowledges and emphasizes the importance of protecting

geographical indications as integral components of intellectual property rights.

Dr. Ravi P. Agrahari’s Classes (Science & Technology + Environment): available @Purvanchal IAS App
 Join with Dr. Ravi Agrahari

Telegram Channel: https://t.me/drravipagrahari (Personal)

Telegram Channel: https://t.me/RPASE (Discussion Forum)

Facebook Page: @RAVIPAGRAHARI1

Instagram: ravi_p_agrahari

YouTube: Dr. Ravi Agrahari's Classes / Purvanchal IAS

Dr. Ravi P. Agrahari’s Classes (Science & Technology + Environment): available @Purvanchal IAS App
Dr. Ravi P. Agrahari’s Classes (Science & Technology + Environment): available @Purvanchal IAS App
Dr. Ravi P. Agrahari’s Classes (Science & Technology + Environment): available @Purvanchal IAS App
 THANK YOU

Dr. Ravi P. Agrahari’s Classes (Science & Technology + Environment): available @Purvanchal IAS App