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Basic Drafting

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30 views

Basic Drafting

Uploaded by

Annie Joe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic

DRAF TING
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the
students should be able to:

a. determine what is Basic Drafting;

b. identify the basic Tools and


Materials in Drafting; and

c. appreciate the importance of


Drafting.
Tools
and

Materials
Paper
OSLO PAPER IS
COMMONLY USED
BUT BOND PAPER IS
ALSO RECOMMENDED
Masking tape
THIS IS USED FOR
FASTENING THE
DRAWING PAPER ON
THE DRAWING TABLE
OR DRAWING BOARD
Pencil
sharpener
PENCILS SHOULD BE
SHARPENED
WHENEVER THEY
SHOW SIGN OF
DULLNESS.
Erasing shield
THIS IS MADE UP OF
A THIN METAL WITH
IRREGULAR HOLES.
Drawing pencil
THIS IS ONE OF THE
MOST IMPORTANT
TOOLS IN DRAWING.
IT COMES IN
VARIOUS GRADES.
T-square
A DRAWING
INSTRUMENT USED
WHEN MAKING
HORIZONTAL LINES.
Triangles
IT IS A THREE-SIDED
RULER, WHICH
TYPICALLY HAS TWO
EQUAL SIDES MEETING
AT A 90 DEGREE ANGLE
AND TO A THIRD SIDE AT
45, 30, INCLUDING 60
DEGREE ANGLES.
Compass
THIS DRAWING
INSTRUMENT IS USED
WHEN DRAWING
ARES AND CIRCLES.
IT IS USED IN A
SIMILAR WAY TO A
DIVIDER.
Divider
IT IS USED WHEN
TRANSFERRING
MEASUREMENTS,
DIVIDING LINES AND
AREAS INTO THE
DESIRED NUMBER OF
EQUAL PARTS.
Protractor
SEMI-CIRCULAR
INSTRUMENT
DIVIDED INTO 180
EQUAL PARTS, EACH
OF WHICH IS CALLED
DEGREE.
Geometric
FIGURES
Geometric
FIGURES
Geometric shapes can be defined as
figure or area closed by a boundary
which is created by combining the
specific number of curves, shapes and
lines.
Circle
Is a shape that can be made
by tracing curve that is
always the same distance
from a point that we call
the center.
triangle
is a shape that is
performed by three
straight lines that
are called sides.
Rectangle
Is a shape that has four sides.
A rectangle is a shape that
results from joining four
different points through four
different lines.
Rhombus
Is a shape formed by four
straight lines. Its sides
measures the same length
but unlike rectangle, any of
all measures 90 degree.
Rhombus is different from
diamond.
Square
A square is a four-
sided geometric shape
created by connecting
four line segments of
equal length.
Polygon
Another in the geometric
shapes that you need to know
about is a polygon. A polygon
is made up of only lines and
has no curves.
System Of

MEASUREMENTS
System of measurement

A system of measurement
is a set of units which can be
used to
specify anything can be
measured.
Metric system

Was intruduce in France in the 1070’s and


now being used officialy by many
countries around the word. Metric system
includes the meter, centimeter/ milimeter
and kilometer.
US standard system

It is used in the US. Just like the metric


system US follows the imperial system
of units. Here the things are measured
in feet ,inches,pounds/ounces and yard.
Classification
Of
LETTER STYLE
Lettering
is the process of
forming or printing
letters, numerals, and
other characters. With
the goals of legibility
and uniformity.
Gothic Lettering
Greek-derived writing
system. A typographical
style without serif
decoration.
Roman Lettering
consider as the most
formal or normal form
of the letter.
Text Lettering
each style of letter has
it unique design.
Considered as the
most classical letter.
Italic Lettering
style that's always
slanted design.
Method
Of

LETTERING
Free Hand Lettering
it is done without the
assistance of tools.
Mechanical Lettering
It is done with the aids
of tools, such as
lettering guides,
templates and etc.
Modern Lettering
It is a type of lettering
that was done with the
computer-aided
software.
PROPORTION OF
THE letters
refers to the size of
the letters to the space
that they will
occupy.Normal,
Extended,
Compressed.
NORMAL letters
these are used when
the space is adequate.
They are narrow nor to
wide and have the
same height.
EXTENDED letters
The type that is
applied the space is to
wide.the height of the
letters is lessthan but
the width is greater.
COMPRESSED
letters
The types of proportion
that is used when the
space is narrow.the height
of the letters is greater
than normal and width is
lesser.
GUIDELINES

Guidelines ensure
consistency in the size of
the letter characters.
CAPLINE
The line through the
tops of capital letters of a
particular typeface.
WAIST LINE
indicates the upper
limit of the lowercase
letters.
BASE LINE
Where all letter rest or
stand.
DROP LINE
Indicates the lower
limit of the lowercase
letters.
SKETCHING
SKETCHING
is the most basic form of
expression for drafting
beginners, for them to be able
to present their ideas and
decisions to those whom they
are communicating with in a
understandable manner.
ORTHOGRAPHIC
came from the Greek
words orthos and graphos
which means straight lime
drawing.
ORTHOGRAPHIC
PROJETION
Also known as Multiview

Method use in representing a


three dimensional object by
using several two-
dimensional views.
ORTHOGRAPHIC
PROJETION
Also known as Multiview

Method use in representing a


three dimensional object by
using several two-
dimensional views.
SIX PRINCIPAL
VIEWS
1. Top
2. Bottom
3. Front
4. Rear
5. Left
6. Right
TOP VIEW
SHOWS WHAT
BECOMES THE
TOP OF THE
OBJECT ONCE
THE POSITION
OF THE FRONT
VIEW IS
ESTABLISHED.
BOTTOM VIEW
SHOWS WHAT
BECOMES THE
BOTTOM OF THE
OBJECT ONCE
THE POSITION
OF THE FRONT
VIEW IS
ESTABLISHED.
FRONT VIEW

THE ONE THAT


SHOWS MOST
FEATURES OR
CHARACTERISTICS
REAR VIEW
SHOWS WHAT
BECOMES THE
REAR OF THE
OBJECT ONCE
THE POSITION
OF THE FRONT
VIEW IS
ESTABLISHED.
LEFT VIEW
SHOWS WHAT
BECOMES THE
LEFT SIDE OF THE
OBJECT AFTER
ESTABLISHING
THE FRONT VIEW
POSITION.
RIGHT VIEW
SHOWS WHAT
BECOMES THE
RIGHT SIDE OF
THE OBJECT
AFTER
ESTABLISHING
THE FRONT VIEW
POSITION.
PLANES OF
PROJECTION
1. Frontal Plane - Front view

2. Horizontal Plane - Top view

3. Profile Plane - Side view


PRINCIPAL
DIMENSIONS
a. Width-measurement of an object
from the side to side

b. Height-measurement taken from


the top to bottom of an object

c. Depth-measurement from front to


rare of an object
Alphabet
Of LINES
Alphabet of Lines
this are the different styles of line used in
drafting to show different features about an
object that is drawn.
EXAMPLES OF ALPHABET OF LINES

• Objective or visible line


• Hidden line
• Cutting plane lines
• Center line
• Break line
• Dimension and extension lines
• Sectioning lines
OBJECTIVE OR VISIBLE LINE
a thick continuous lines, used to outline the
visible edges or contours of an object.
HIDDEN LINE
dashed and thin, and they show the edges
that are not visible from the view, but are
still part of the object.
CUTTING PLANE LINE
thick, alternating long lines separated by
two dashes.
CENTER LINE
used to indicate the centers of holes, arcs,
and symmetrical objects.
BREAK LINE
thick wavy line.
DIMENSION & EXTENSION LINE
dimension - thin and dark lines use to show the size
(span) of an object with a numeric value.
extension - thin and dark line use to show
the starting and ending of dimension.
SECTIONING LINES
refer to the line used to represent the cut
surfaces of an object in a sectional view.
Kinds Of

PERSPECTIVE
DRAWING
Perspective
is the way to draw three-dimensional
objects on a two-dimensional surface by
giving the right impression of their height,
width, depth, and position in relation to
each other.
LINEAR PERSPECTIVE
A system creating an illusion of depth on a
flat surface using lines.
LINEAR PERSPECTIVE
HORIZON LINE and VANISHING POINT.
LINEAR PERSPECTIVE
HORIZON LINE
ATMOSPHERIC PERSPECTIVE
also known as aerial perspective refers to the effect the
atmosphere has on the appearance of objects when you look at
them from a distance.
Basic
DIMENSIONING
DIMENSIONING
Dimensioning refers to the
addition of size values to drawing
entities. Dimensions are required
for points, lines, arcs, circles, etc.
that are related functionally or
control relationship of other
features.
DIMENSIONING
Basic dimensioning is the
addition of functional or
design and nominal sizes to
features on drawing views.
DIMENSIONING
TOLERANCE

The total amount that the


features on the actual part can
vary from the drawing to model.
3 ASPECTS OF 1. Technique
GOOD 2. Placement
DIMENSIONING 3. Choice
1. TECHNIQUE

a. Linear dimension is a type of


technical drawing dimension that
can be expressed as any of the
following two distances; Horizontal
and Vertical
1. TECHNIQUE

b. Angular dimension is used to


create an angular dimension
between two lines that form an
angle.
1. TECHNIQUE

c. Chain Dimensioning is when


dimensions are drawn from one
feature to a second feature, then a
third feature is located relative to
the second feature.
2. PLACEMENT

Logical placement according to


standard practices, so they are
legible and east to find.
3. CHOICE

Dimension for function and best


manufacturing practices.
thank you
FOR LISTENING

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