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Trigonometry Solution Level-3 DTS-13

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Trigonometry Solution Level-3 DTS-13

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Solutions to Maths workbook – 1 | Trigonometric Identities and Equations

Level - 3 Daily Tutorial Sheet - 13

(sin x )2y (cos x )2y 2 /4


156. The arithmetic-geometric means inequality gives   2(sin x cos x )y y .
y 2 /2 y 2 /2
(cos x ) (sin x )
2 /4
It follows that 2 sin x cos x  sin 2x  (sin x cos x )y y , and because sin x cos x  1 , it follows that

1  y  y 2 / 4 , or (1  y / 2)2  0 .
It follows that all the equalities hold; that is, y  2 and sin x  cos x , and so there is a unique solution:
 
(x , y )   , 2  .
4 
 

157. Let c denote the disk ( x , y ) with x 2  y 2  100. Because sin( x  y )  0 if and only if x  y  k  for
integers k, disk c has been cut by parallel lines x  y  k  , and in between those lines there are regions
containing points ( x , y ) with either sin( x  y )  0 or sin( x  y )  0 . Since sin( x  y )   sin( x  y ) , the
regions containing points ( x , y ) with sin( x  y )  0 are symmetric with respect to the origin to the
regions containing points ( x , y ) with sin( x  y )  0 . Thus, as indicated in figure, the area of region  is
half the area of disc c, that is, 50 

158. Without loss of generality, we assume that b  0 . (Otherwise, we can reflect the hexagon across the y-
axis.) Let the x coordinates of C, D, E and F be c, d, e and f, respectively. Note that the y coordinate of C
is not 4, since if it were, the fact | AB || BC | would imply that A, B and C are collinear or that c  0 ,
 
implying that A B C D E F is concave. Therefore, F  ( f , 4) . Since AF  CD , C = (c, 6) and D = (d, 10) and
so E  (e, 8) . Because the y coordinates of B, C and D are 2, 6 and 10, respectively and | BC ||CD | , we
 
conclude that b  d . Since AB  ED , e  0 . Let a denote the side length of the hexagon. Then f  0 . We
need to compute [ A B C D E F ]  [ A B D E ]  [ A E F ]  [B C D ]  [ A B D E ]  2[ A E F ]
 b.A E  (  f ).A E  8(b  f )

DTS Solutions 24 Level-3 | Trigonometric Identities & Equations


Let  denote the measure (in degrees) of the standard angle formed by the line A B and the x axis. Then
the standard angle formed by the line A F and the x axis is   120º  . By considering the y coordinates

a 3 cos  a sin  a 3 cos 


of B and F, we have a sin   2 and 4  a sin(120º  )     1 , by the
2 2 2
10
addition and subtraction formulas. Hence a cos   . Thus, by considering the x coordinates of B and
3
10 a cos  a 3 sin  8
F, we have b  a cos   and f  a cos(120º  )    
3 2 2 3

(a  1)2 (b  1)2
159. Set a  tan 2  and b  tan 2  . It suffices to determine the minimum value of  , with
b a
a, b  0 .

(a  1)2 (b  1)2 a 2  2a  1 b 2  2b  1  a 2 1 b2 1  a b 
We have          2  
b a b a  b b a a b a 
   

a 2 1 b2 1 a b
 44 . . . 4 .  8 , by the arithmetic-geometric means inequality. Equality holds when
b b a a b a

a  b  1 ; that is,     n   for k  Z
4
2
a b  2
160. If cos x  0 , the desired inequality reduces to sin x  1    , which is clearly true. We assume that
 2 
 

cos x  0 . Dividing both sides of the desired inequality by cos2 x gives


 2
a b  
(tan x  a )(tan x  b )  1    sec2 x .
  2  
   

Let t  tan x . Then sec 2 x  1  t 2 .
2 2
a b  2 a b 
The above inequality reduces to t 2  (a  b )t  ab    t  t2    1
 2   2 
   
2 2
a b  2 a b 
or   t  1  (a  b )t     ab  0
 2   2 
   
2 2
 (a  b )t  a b 
The last inequality is equivalent to   1     0 , which is evident.
 2   2 
   

161. Rewrite the two given equations as:


sin a  8 sin d  4 sin c  7 sin b and cos a  8 cos d  4 cos c  7 cos b .
By squaring the two equations and adding them, we obtain
1  64  16(cos a cos d  sin a sin d )  16  49  56(cos b cos c  sin b sin c ) = 2 cos(a  d )  7 cos(b  c )

DTS Solutions 25 Level-3 | Trigonometric Identities & Equations

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