Volume and

8 Similar Solids
8.1
8.
8 1 Volu
Volumes
Volum
Vo
Volu
umm of Cylinders
8.2
8 2 V
Volumes
l of Cones
8.3 Volumes of Spheres
8.4 Surface Areas and Volumes of Similar Solids

“Dear Sir: Why do you sel

l dog food in tall
cans and sell cat food “Neither of these shape
in short cans?” s is the
optimal use of surface
area when
compared to volume.”

me of a cone
yo u know why the volu linder with
“D o a cy
e volume of
is one-third th height and base?”
the sa m e

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 What You
Learned Before
“I just figu
red
volume. W out how to find you
e r
barrel of w ’ll immerse you in a
Example 1 Find the area of the figure. ater and m
water tha easu
t overflow re the
s.”
Area = Area of square + Area of triangle
3 in.
1
A = s 2 + — bh
2

10 in. (
= 102 + — 10 3
1
2 ⋅ ⋅ )
= 100 + 15
10 in. = 115 in.2

Find the area of the figure.

1. 2. 9 cm
8m 4 cm

15 m 14 cm

5 cm

Example 2 Find the area of the circle. Example 3 Find the area of the circle.
A = πr2 A = πr2

⋅
7 mm
22
⋅
≈ — 72 24 yd ≈ 3.14 122
= 3.14 ⋅ 144
7
22
⋅
= — 49
7 = 452.16 yd2
= 154 mm2

Find the area of the circle.

3. 4. 5.

5 ft 26 in. 7 cm

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 8.1 Volumes of Cylinders

How can you find the volume of a cylinder?

1 ACTIVITY: Finding a Formula Experimentally

Work with a partner.
a. Find the area of the face of a coin.
b. Find the volume of a stack of a dozen coins.
c. Write a formula for the volume of a cylinder.

height â h

area of base â B

2 ACTIVITY: Making a Business Plan

Work with a partner. You are planning to
make and sell three different sizes of cylindrical
candles. You buy 1 cubic foot of candle
Geometry wax for $20 to make 8 candles of
In this lesson, you will each size.
● find the volumes

of cylinders. a. Design the candles. What are the

● find the heights of
dimensions of each size of candle?
cylinders given the
volumes. b. You want to make a profit of $100.
● solve real-life problems.
Decide on a price for each size
of candle.
c. Did you set the prices so that they
are proportional to the volume of
each size of candle? Why or why not?

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 3 ACTIVITY: Science Experiment
Work with a partner. Use the diagram
to describe how you can find the volume
of a small object.

25

20

15

10

4 ACTIVITY: Comparing Cylinders

Work with a partner.
Math 2

Practice a. Just by looking at the two cylinders,

which one do you think has the
Consider Similar
greater volume? Explain your 3
Problems
How can you use reasoning. 9
the results of b. Find the volume of each cylinder.
Activity 1 to find 4
Was your prediction in part (a)
the volumes of the
cylinders? correct? Explain your reasoning.

5. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How can you find the volume of a cylinder?

6. Compare your formula for the volume of a cylinder with the

formula for the volume of a prism. How are they the same?

‘
“Here’s how I remember how to find “Base times tall, will fill em all.”
the volume of any prism or cylinder.”

Use what you learned about the volumes of cylinders to complete

Exercises 3–5 on page 338.

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 8.1 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

Volume of a Cylinder
area of base, B
Words The volume V of a cylinder is the
product of the area of the base
height, h
and the height of the cylinder.
Algebra V = Bh

Area of base Height of cylinder

EXAMPLE 1 Finding the Volume of a Cylinder

Find the volume of the cylinder. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
Study Tip V = Bh Write formula for volume. 3m

Because B = π r 2,
= π (3) (6)
2
Substitute.
you can use V = π r 2h = 54π ≈ 169.6 Use a calculator. 6m
to find the volume of
a cylinder. The volume is about 169.6 cubic meters.

EXAMPLE 2 Finding the Height of a Cylinder

Find the height of the cylinder. Round your answer to the nearest
whole number.
The diameter is 10 inches. So, the radius is 5 inches. h
V = Bh Write formula for volume.
314 = π (5)2(h) Substitute. 10 in.

314 = 25 π h Simplify.
4≈h Divide each side by 25π.
Volume â 314 in.3
The height is about 4 inches.

Find the volume V or height h of the cylinder. Round your answer to

Exercises 3–11 the nearest tenth.
and 13–15
1. 15 ft 2.
8 cm

4 ft h Ƽ

VƼ
Volume â 176 cm3

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 EXAMPLE 3 Real-Life Application
How much salsa is missing from the jar? 5 cm

The empty space in the jar is a cylinder with

a height of 10 − 4 = 6 centimeters and a
V I D E O radius of 5 centimeters.

V = Bh Write formula for volume. 10 cm

= π (5)2(6) Substitute.
4 cm
= 150π ≈ 471 Use a calculator.

So, about 471 cubic centimeters of salsa are missing from the jar.

EXAMPLE 4 Real-Life Application

About how many gallons of water does the watercooler bottle
contain? (1 ft3 ≈ 7.5 gal)

A 5.3 gallons
○ B 10 gallons
○ C 17 gallons
○ D 40 gallons
○

Find the volume of the cylinder. The diameter is 1 foot. So, the radius is
0.5 foot.

1.7 ft V = Bh Write formula for volume.

= π (0.5)2(1.7) Substitute.
= 0.425π ≈ 1.3352 Use a calculator.

So, the bottle contains about 1.3352 cubic feet of water. To find the
1 ft 7.5 gal
number of gallons it contains, multiply by the conversion factor —3 .
1 ft
7.5 gal
1.3352 ft3 × —3 ≈ 10 gal
1 ft

The watercooler bottle contains about 10 gallons of water. So, the

B .
correct answer is ○

3. WHAT IF? In Example 3, the height of the salsa in the jar is

Exercise 12 5 centimeters. How much salsa is missing from the jar?
4. A cylindrical water tower has a diameter of 15 meters and a
height of 5 meters. About how many gallons of water can the
tower contain? (1 m3 ≈ 264 gal)

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 8.1 Exercises
Help with Homework

1. DIFFERENT WORDS, SAME QUESTION Which is different? Find “both” answers.

How much does it take to fill the cylinder? 5 cm

What is the capacity of the cylinder? 12 cm

How much does it take to cover the cylinder?

How much does the cylinder contain?

8 in.
8 in.
2. REASONING Without calculating, which of 8 in.
the solids has the greater volume? Explain.
8 in.
8 in.

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

Find the volume of the cylinder. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
1 3. 9 ft
4. 3m 5. 7 ft

6 ft 5 ft
3m

6. 5 ft 7. 10 mm 8. 2 ft
1 ft
3 mm

10 ft

9. 7 in. 10. 15 m 11. 16 cm

5m
6 in.
8 cm

4 12. SWIMMING POOL A cylindrical swimming pool has a diameter of 16 feet and
a height of 4 feet. About how many gallons of water can the pool contain?
Round your answer to the nearest whole number. (1 ft3 ≈ 7.5 gal)

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 Find the missing dimension of the cylinder. Round your answer to the nearest
whole number.
2 13. Volume = 250 ft3 14. Volume = 10,000π in.3 15. Volume = 600,000 cm3
8 ft r

h
76 cm
32 in. h

16. CRITICAL THINKING How does the volume of a cylinder change when its
diameter is halved? Explain.

5 ft 17. MODELING A traditional “square” bale of hay is actually in

the shape of a rectangular prism. Its dimensions are 2 feet
by 2 feet by 4 feet. How many square bales contain the
same amount of hay as one large “round” bale?

18. ROAD ROLLER A tank on a road roller is filled with

4 ft water to make the roller heavy. The tank is a cylinder
that has a height of 6 feet
and a radius of 2 feet. One
cubic foot of water weighs
62.5 pounds. Find the
weight of the water in
Round hay bale the tank.

19. VOLUME A cylinder has a surface area of 1850

square meters and a radius of 9 meters. Estimate
the volume of the cylinder to the nearest whole number.

Problem
20. Solving Water flows at 2 feet per second through a pipe with a diameter of 8 inches.
A cylindrical tank with a diameter of 15 feet and a height of 6 feet collects the water.
a. What is the volume, in cubic inches, of water flowing out of the pipe every second?
b. What is the height, in inches, of the water in the tank after 5 minutes?
c. How many minutes will it take to fill 75% of the tank?

Tell whether the triangle with the given side lengths is a right triangle. (Section 7.5)
21. 20 m, 21 m, 29 m 22. 1 in., 2.4 in., 2.6 in. 23. 5.6 ft, 8 ft, 10.6 ft

24. MULTIPLE CHOICE Which ordered pair is the solution of the linear system
3x + 4y = −10 and 2x − 4y = 0? (Section 5.3)
A (−6, 2)
○ B (2, −6)
○ C (−2, −1)
○ D (−1, −2)
○

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 8.2 Volumes of Cones

How can you find the volume of a cone?

You already know how the volume of a pyramid

relates to the volume of a prism. In this height â h
activity, you will discover how the volume of
a cone relates to the volume of a cylinder.

area of base â B

1 ACTIVITY: Finding a Formula Experimentally

Work with a partner. Use a paper cup that is shaped like a cone.
● Estimate the height of the cup.
● Trace the top of the cup on a piece of paper.
Find the diameter of the circle.
● Use these measurements to draw a net for a
cylinder with the same base and height
as the paper cup.
● Cut out the net. Then fold and tape it to
form an open cylinder.
● Fill the paper cup with rice. Then pour the
rice into the cylinder. Repeat this until the
cylinder is full. How many cones does it take
to fill the cylinder?
● Use your result to write a formula for the
volume of a cone.

2 ACTIVITY: Summarizing Volume Formulas

Geometry Work with a partner. You can remember the volume formulas for prisms,
In this lesson, you will
cylinders, pyramids, and cones with just two concepts.
● find the volumes of cones.

● find the heights of cones

Volumes of Prisms and Cylinders
given the volumes.
● solve real-life problems.
Volume = Area of base ×

Volumes of Pyramids and Cones

Volume = Volume of prism or cylinder with same base and height

Make a list of all the formulas you need to remember to find the area of a base.
Talk about strategies for remembering these formulas.

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 3 ACTIVITY: Volumes of Oblique Solids
Work with a partner. Think of a stack of paper. When you adjust the stack so
that the sides are oblique (slanted), do you change the volume of the stack?
If the volume of the stack does not change, then the formulas for volumes of
right solids also apply to oblique solids.

Math
Practice
Use Equations
What equation
would you use to
find the volume of
the oblique solid?
Explain.

hâ4 hâ4

B â 4Ĭ B â 4Ĭ
Right cylinder Oblique cylinder

hâ5 hâ5

B â 9Ĭ B â 9Ĭ
Right cone Oblique cone

4. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How can you find the volume of a cone?
5. Describe the intersection of the plane and the cone. Then explain
how to find the volume of each section of the solid.
a. b.

Use what you learned about the volumes of cones to complete

Exercises 4– 6 on page 344.

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 8.2 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

Volume of a Cone
height, h
Words The volume V of a cone is one-third
the product of the area of the base
Study Tip and the height of the cone.
The height of a cone area of base, B
is the perpendicular
Area of base
distance from the base
to the vertex.
1
Algebra V = — Bh
3

Height of cone

EXAMPLE 1 Finding the Volume of a Cone

Find the volume of the cone. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
Study Tip The diameter is 4 meters. So, the radius is 2 meters.
Because B = π r 2, you 1
1 V = —Bh Write formula for volume.
can use V = —π r 2h to 3
6m
3
find the volume of a 1
cone. = — π (2)2(6) Substitute.
3

= 8π ≈ 25.1 Use a calculator.

The volume is about 25.1 cubic meters. 4m

EXAMPLE 2 Finding the Height of a Cone

Find the height of the cone. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
1
V = —Bh Write formula for volume.
3
h
1
956 = — π (9)2(h) Substitute.
3

956 = 27π h Simplify. 9 ft

11.3 ≈ h Divide each side by 27π. Volume â 956 ft 3

The height is about 11.3 feet.

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 Find the volume V or height h of the cone. Round your answer to the
Exercises 4–12 nearest tenth.
and 15–17 1. 6 cm 2.
hƼ
15 yd

15 cm

Volume â 7200 yd 3
VƼ

EXAMPLE 3 Real-Life Application

30 mm You must answer a trivia question before the sand in the timer falls to
the bottom. The sand falls at a rate of 50 cubic millimeters per second.
10 mm
How much time do you have to answer the question?
Use the formula for the volume of a cone to find the volume of the
sand in the timer.
24 mm 1
V = —Bh Write formula for volume.
3

1
= — π (10)2(24) Substitute.
3

= 800π ≈ 2513 Use a calculator.

The volume of the sand is about 2513 cubic millimeters. To find the
amount of time you have to answer the question, multiply the volume
by the rate at which the sand falls.
1 sec
2513 mm3 × —3 = 50.26 sec
50 mm

So, you have about 50 seconds to answer the question.

3. WHAT IF? The sand falls at a rate of 60 cubic millimeters

per second. How much time do you have to answer
the question?
4. WHAT IF? The height of the sand in the timer is
12 millimeters, and the radius is 5 millimeters. How
much time do you have to answer the question?

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 8.2 Exercises
Help with Homework

1. VOCABULARY Describe the height of a cone.

2. WRITING Compare and contrast the formulas for the volume of a pyramid
and the volume of a cone.
3. REASONING You know the volume of a cylinder. How can you find the
volume of a cone with the same base and height?

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

Find the volume of the cone. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
1 4. 5. 6.
3m
4 in. 10 mm

6m
2 in. 5 mm

7. 2 ft 1 ft 8. 5 cm 9. 9 yd

7 yd
8 cm

10. 11. 12. 4 cm

7 ft
10 in.
4 ft
8 cm

5 in.

✗
13. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct
1
the error in finding the volume of V = — Bh
3m 3
the cone.
1
= — (𝛑)(2)2(3)
3
3 cm
4 cm = 4𝛑 m3
2m

10 cm
8 cm
14. GLASS The inside of each glass is shaped
like a cone. Which glass can hold more liquid?
How much more?

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 Find the missing dimension of the cone. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
1
2 15. Volume = —π ft 3 16. Volume = 225 cm3 17. Volume = 3.6 in.3
18
d

h
h
2
ftt 4.2 in.
3
10 cm

4.8 in. 18. REASONING The volume of a cone is 20π cubic meters. What is
the volume of a cylinder with the same base and height?

19. VASE Water leaks from a crack in a vase at a rate of 0.5 cubic
10 in. inch per minute. How long does it take for 20% of the water to
leak from a full vase?

20. LEMONADE STAND You have 10 gallons

of lemonade to sell. (1 gal ≈ 3785 cm3)
8 cm
a. Each customer uses one paper cup.
How many paper cups will you need?
b. The cups are sold in packages of 50.
11 cm How many packages should you buy?
c. How many cups will be left over if
you sell 80% of the lemonade?

21. STRUCTURE The cylinder and the cone have the same x ?
volume. What is the height of the cone?
y
22. In Example 3, you use a different timer with
2x
the same dimensions. The sand in this timer has a height
of 30 millimeters. How much time do you have to answer the question?

The vertices of a figure are given. Rotate the figure as described. Find the coordinates
of the image. (Section 2.4)
23. A(−1, 1), B(2, 3), C(2, 1) 24. E(−4, 1), F(−3, 3), G(−2, 3), H(−1, 1)
90° counterclockwise about vertex A 180° about the origin
25. MULTIPLE CHOICE △ABC is similar to △XYZ. How Y
many times greater is the area of △XYZ than the
area of △ABC? (Section 2.6) B

1 1
A
○ — B
○ — A 2 C
9 3
C 3
○ D 9
○ X 6 Z

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 8 Study Help
Graphic Organizer

You can use a formula triangle to arrange variables

and operations of a formula. Here is an example
of a formula triangle for the volume of a cylinder.
V
volume divide
multiply

B h
area height
of base

To find an unknown variable, use the other

variables and the operation between them.
For example, to find the area B of the base, V
cover up the B. Then you can see that you volume
divide the volume V by the height h.

B h
area
are
a rea height
off base
base

Make a formula triangle to help you study

this topic. (Hint: Your formula triangle
may have a different form than what is
shown in the example.)
1. volume of a cone

After you complete this chapter, make formula

triangles for the following topics.
2. volume of a sphere
3. volume of a composite solid
4. surface areas of similar solids
5. volumes of similar solids
“See how a formula triangle works? Cover
any variable and you get its formula.”

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 8.1–8.2 Quiz
Progress Check

Find the volume of the solid. Round your answer to the nearest
tenth. (Section 8.1 and Section 8.2)
1. 4 yd 2. 3 ft

3.5 yd
4 ft

3. 4.
5 cm
11 in.

6 cm
12 in.

Find the missing dimension of the solid. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
(Section 8.1 and Section 8.2)
5. h 6. 4.7 cm
3 ft
r

Volume â 938 cm3

Volume â 340 ft3

6 cm
7. PAPER CONE The paper cone can hold 84.78 cubic centimeters of
water. What is the height of the cone? (Section 8.2)
h

8. GEOMETRY Triple both dimensions

of the cylinder. How many times 5m
1m
greater is the volume of the new
cylinder than the volume of the
original cylinder? (Section 8.1)

1.5 in.
4 in.

9. SAND ART There are 42.39 cubic inches of blue sand

and 28.26 cubic inches of red sand in the cylindrical
container. How many cubic inches of white sand are
16 in.
in the container? (Section 8.1)
6 in.
h

6 in.
10. JUICE CAN You are buying two cylindrical cans
of juice. Each can holds the same amount of juice.
What is the height of Can B? (Section 8.1)
Can A Can B

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 8.3 Volumes of Spheres

How can you find the volume of a sphere?

A sphere is the set of all points in space that are the

radius, r
same distance from a point called the center. The
radius r is the distance from the center to any point
center
on the sphere.
A sphere is different from the other solids you have
studied so far because it does not have a base. To
discover the volume of a sphere, you can use an
activity similar to the one in the previous section.

1 ACTIVITY: Exploring the Volume of a Sphere

Work with a partner. Use a plastic ball similar to
the one shown.
● Estimate the diameter and the radius of the ball.

● Use these measurements to draw a net for a

cylinder with a diameter and a height equal to the
diameter of the ball. How is the height h of the
cylinder related to the radius r of the ball? Explain.

● Cut out the net. Then fold and tape it to form an

open cylinder. Make two marks on the cylinder
that divide it into thirds, as shown.

Geometry
In this lesson, you will
● find the volumes
● Cover the ball with aluminum foil or tape.
of spheres.
● find the radii of spheres
Leave one hole open. Fill the ball with rice.
given the volumes. Then pour the rice into the cylinder.
● solve real-life problems.
What fraction of the cylinder is filled
with rice?

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 2 ACTIVITY: Deriving the Formula for the Volume of a Sphere
Work with a partner. Use the results from Activity 1 and the formula for the
Math volume of a cylinder to complete the steps.
Practice V = π r 2h Write formula for volume of a cylinder.
Analyze
Relationships
= — π r 2h Multiply by — because the volume of a sphere
What is the
relationship
between the
volume of a sphere is — of the volume of the cylinder.
and the volume of
a cylinder? How
does this help you = — πr 2 Substitute for h.
derive a formula for
the volume of
a sphere?
=—π Simplify.

3 ACTIVITY: Deriving the Formula for the Volume of a Sphere

Work with a partner. Imagine filling the inside of a sphere with n small
pyramids. The vertex of each pyramid is at the center of the sphere.
The height of each pyramid is approximately equal to r, as shown.
Complete the steps. (The surface area of a sphere is equal to 4𝛑 r 2.)
1
V = — Bh Write formula for volume of a pyramid.
3
1 Multiply by the number of small
= n —B
3 pyramids n and substitute for h.

⋅
1
= — ( 4πr 2 ) 4π r 2 ≈ n
3
r
Show how this result is equal to the result in Activity 2.
area of base, B

4. IN YOUR OWN WORDS How can you find the volume

of a sphere?
5. Describe the intersection of the plane and the sphere.
Then explain how to find the volume of each section
of the solid.

Use what you learned about the volumes of spheres to complete

Exercises 3 – 5 on page 352.

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 8.3 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

Key Vocabulary
sphere, p. 348
hemisphere, p. 351 Volume of a Sphere
Words The volume V of a sphere is the radius, r
4
product of — π and the cube of
3
the radius of the sphere.
4
Algebra V = — π r3
3
Cube of radius of sphere

EXAMPLE 1 Finding the Volume of a Sphere

Find the volume of the sphere. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
4
V = — πr 3 Write formula for volume.
3
4
= — π (4)3 Substitute 4 for r.
4 cm 3
256
= —π Simplify.
3
≈ 268.1 Use a calculator.

The volume is about 268.1 cubic centimeters.

EXAMPLE 2 Finding the Radius of a Sphere

Find the radius of the sphere. Volume â 288 Ĭ in.3
4
V = — πr 3 Write formula.
3
4
288π = — π r 3 Substitute. r
3
4π
288π = — r 3 Multiply.
3
3
⋅ 3 4π 3
— 288π = — —r
4π 4π 3 ⋅ Multiplication Property of Equality

216 = r 3 Simplify.
6=r Take the cube root of each side.

The radius is 6 inches.

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 Find the volume V or radius r of the sphere. Round your answer
Exercises 3–11 to the nearest tenth, if necessary.
1. 2.
râ

16 ft

VƼ Volume â 36 Ĭ m3

EXAMPLE 3 Finding the Volume of a Composite Solid

A hemisphere is one-half of a sphere. The top of the silo is a
hemisphere with a radius of 12 feet. What is the volume of the silo?
Round your answer to the nearest thousand.
52 ft The silo is made up of a cylinder and a hemisphere. Find the volume
of each solid.
Cylinder Hemisphere

12 ft

40 ft 12 ft

Study Tip
In Example 3, the
height of the cylindrical
part of the silo is the
V = Bh ⋅
1 4
V = — —π r 3
2 3
difference of the silo
height and the radius = π(12)2(40) ⋅
1 4
= — —π (12)3
2 3
of the hemisphere.
52 − 12 = 40 ft = 5760π = 1152π

So, the volume is 5760π + 1152π = 6912π ≈ 22,000 cubic feet.

Find the volume of the composite solid. Round your answer to

Exercises 14–16 the nearest tenth.
3. 2 in. 4. 9m 3m

5m

8 in.

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 8.3 Exercises
Help with Homework

1. VOCABULARY How is a sphere different from a hemisphere?

2. WHICH ONE DOESN’T BELONG? Which figure does not belong with the other
three? Explain your reasoning.

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

Find the volume of the sphere. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
1 3. 4. 5.

5 in. 7 ft 18 mm

6. 7. 8.

12 yd 3 cm 28 m

Find the radius of the sphere with the given volume.

2 9. Volume = 972π mm3 10. Volume = 4.5π cm3 11. Volume = 121.5π ft3

12. GLOBE The globe of the Moon has a radius of

10 inches. Find the volume of the globe. Round
your answer to the nearest whole number.

13. SOFTBALL A softball has a volume

125
of — π cubic inches. Find the
6
radius of the softball.

352 Chapter
ter 8 Volume and Similar SSolids

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 Find the volume of the composite solid. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
3 14. 15. 6 ft 16. 6 in.
16 ft

8 cm 4 ft 11 in.

8 cm
8 cm

17. REASONING A sphere and a right cylinder have the same radius and
volume. Find the radius r in terms of the height h of the cylinder.

18. PACKAGING A cylindrical container of three rubber balls has a height

of 18 centimeters and a diameter of 6 centimeters. Each ball in the
container has a radius of 3 centimeters. Find the amount of space in
the container that is not occupied by rubber balls. Round your answer
to the nearest whole number.

19. BASKETBALL The basketball shown is packaged

in a box that is in the shape of a cube. The edge
length of the box is equal to the diameter of
the basketball. What is the surface area and the
volume of the box?
Volume â 4500 Ĭ in.3

20. Logic Your friend says that the volume of a sphere with radius r is four
times the volume of a cone with radius r. When is this true? Justify your answer.

The blue figure is a dilation of the red figure. Identify the type of dilation and
find the scale factor. (Section 2.7)
21. y Cł 22. B y C
6
5
Bł Cł
4 1
3
C
Ź4 Ź3 1 3 4 5 x
2
Ał Bł Ał Dł
1 Ź2
A B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x A D

23. MULTIPLE CHOICE A person who is 5 feet tall casts a 6-foot-long shadow.
A nearby flagpole casts a 30-foot-long shadow. What is the height of the
flagpole? (Section 3.4)
A 25 ft
○ B 29 ft
○ C 36 ft
○ D 40 ft
○

Section 8.3 Volumes of Spheres 353

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 Surface Areas and
8.4
Volumes of Similar Solids

When the dimensions of a solid increase by a

factor of k, how does the surface area change? How does the volume change?

1 ACTIVITY: Comparing Surface Areas and Volumes

Work with a partner. Copy and complete the table. Describe
the pattern. Are the dimensions proportional?
Explain your reasoning.
a.

Radius 1 1 1 1 1

Height 1 2 3 4 5

Surface Area

Volume

b.

Geometry
In this lesson, you will
● identify similar solids.

● use properties of similar

solids to find missing

measures.
● understand the relationship

between surface areas of

similar solids.
● understand the relationship
Radius 1 2 3 4 5
between volumes of similar
solids.
Height 1 2 3 4 5
● solve real-life problems.
Surface Area

Volume

354 Chapter 8 Volume and Similar Solids

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 2 ACTIVITY: Comparing Surface Areas and Volumes
Work with a partner. Copy and complete the
table. Describe the pattern. Are the dimensions
proportional? Explain.

Math
Practice
Repeat
Calculations
Which calculations
are repeated? How
does this help you
describe the
pattern?

Base Side 6 12 18 24 30

Height 4 8 12 16 20

Slant Height 5 10 15 20 25

Surface Area

Volume

3. IN YOUR OWN WORDS When the dimensions of a solid increase by

a factor of k, how does the surface area change?
4. IN YOUR OWN WORDS When the dimensions of a solid increase by
a factor of k, how does the volume change?
5. REPEATED REASONING All the dimensions of a prism increase by a
factor of 5.
a. How many times greater is the surface area? Explain.

5 10 25 125

b. How many times greater is the volume? Explain.

5 10 25 125

Use what you learned about surface areas and volumes of

similar solids to complete Exercise 3 on page 359.

Section 8.4 Surface Areas and Volumes of Similar Solids 355

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 8.4 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

Similar solids are solids that have the same shape and proportional
Key Vocabulary
corresponding dimensions.
similar solids, p. 356

EXAMPLE 1 Identifying Similar Solids

Cylinder B Which cylinder is similar to Cylinder A? Cylinder A

5m Check to see if corresponding dimensions 6m

3m are proportional. 4m

Cylinder A and Cylinder B

Height of A 4 Radius of A 6
Cylinder C —=— —=— Not proportional
Height of B 3 Radius of B 5

7.5 m Cylinder A and Cylinder C

5m Height of A 4 Radius of A 6 4
—=— —=—=— Proportional
Height of C 5 Radius of C 7.5 5

So, Cylinder C is similar to Cylinder A.

EXAMPLE 2 Finding Missing Measures in Similar Solids

The cones are similar. Find the missing slant heightℓ.
Cone X Cone Y Radius of X Slant height of X
— = ——
Radius of Y Slant height of Y
13 yd 5 13
—=— Substitute.
7 ℓ

5 yd
5ℓ = 91 Cross Products Property
7 yd
ℓ = 18.2 Divide each side by 5.

The slant height is 18.2 yards.

1. Cylinder D has a radius of 7.5 meters

Exercises 4–9 and a height of 4.5 meters. Which
cylinder in Example 1 is similar to 20 in. 8 in.
Cylinder D?
w
2. The prisms at the right are similar.
8 in.
Find the missing width and length. 11 in.

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 Linear Measures
r

h h h r
h

w w r

Surface Areas of Similar Solids Solid A a

When two solids are similar, the Solid B
ratio of their surface areas is equal b
to the square of the ratio of their
corresponding linear measures.
Surface Area of A a 2
—— = —
Surface Area of B ()
b

EXAMPLE 3 Finding Surface Area

Pyramid A The pyramids are similar. What is the surface area of Pyramid A?

6 ft Surface Area of A
—— = —
Surface Area of B ( Height of A 2
Height of B )
Pyramid B
S
—= —
600 ( ) 6 2
10
Substitute.

S 36
—=— Evaluate.
600 100
10 ft
—
S
600 ⋅ 600 = —
100 ⋅
36
600 Multiplication Property of Equality

S = 216 Simplify.

Surface Area â 600 ft2 The surface area of Pyramid A is 216 square feet.

The solids are similar. Find the surface area of the red solid. Round
your answer to the nearest tenth.
3. 4. 5 cm
4 cm

5m
8m
Surface Area â 608 m2 Surface Area â 110 cm2

Section 8.4 Surface Areas and Volumes of Similar Solids 357

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 Volumes of Similar Solids
Solid A a
When two solids are similar, the ratio
Solid B
of their volumes is equal to the cube
of the ratio of their corresponding b
linear measures.
Volume of A a 3
—= —
Volume of B () b

EXAMPLE 4 Finding Volume

Original
Orig
Or igin
inal
al Tank
Tan
Tankk The dimensions of the touch tank at an aquarium are doubled.
What is the volume of the new touch tank?
A
○ 150 ft3 B
○ 4000 ft3
C
○ 8000 ft3 D
○ 16,000 ft3
Volume
V l â 2000
200
000 ft 3
0 ft
The dimensions are doubled, so the ratio of the dimensions of
the original tank to the dimensions of the new tank is 1 : 2.
Original volume
—— = ——
New volume (
Original dimension 3
New dimension )
Study Tip
2000
—= —
V ()
1 3
2
Substitute.

2000 1
When the dimensions —=— Evaluate.
V 8
of a solid are multiplied
by k, the surface area 16,000 = V Cross Products Property
is multiplied by k 2 and
the volume is multiplied The volume of the new tank is 16,000 cubic feet. So, the
by k 3. D.
correct answer is ○

The solids are similar. Find the volume of the red solid. Round your
Exercises 10–13 answer to the nearest tenth.
5. 6.

12 cm
5 cm 3 in.
Volume â 9 in.3
4 in.

Volume â 288 cm3

358 Chapter 8 Volume and Similar Solids

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 8.4 Exercises
Help with Homework

1. VOCABULARY What are similar solids?

2. OPEN-ENDED Draw two similar solids and label their corresponding
linear measures.

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

3
3. NUMBER SENSE All the dimensions of a cube increase by a factor of —.
2
a. How many times greater is the surface area? Explain.
b. How many times greater is the volume? Explain.

Determine whether the solids are similar.

1 4. 5.
4 in. 4 in.
9 in.
3 in.
2 in.
4 in. 2 in. 1 in.
2 in. 1 in.
3 in.
6 in.

6. 7.
6.5 ft 13 ft 20 m
12 ft 21 m
6 ft
15 m

5 ft 9m
5 ft
10 ft 12 m
29 m
10 ft

The solids are similar. Find the missing dimension(s).

2 8. 9. 13 m
10 ft
5m
6m
4 ft 12 m
c

d
7.5 m
10 in. h
b

Section 8.4 Surface Areas and Volumes of Similar Solids 359

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 The solids are similar. Find the surface area S or volume V of the red solid.
Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
3 4 10. 11. 20 in. 15 in.

4m
6m
Surface Area â 336 m2

Surface Area ≈ 5027 in.2

12. 13. 12 ft
10 ft

7 mm
7 mm
21 mm
21 mm Volume â 7850 ft3
Volume â 5292 mm3

✗
14. ERROR ANALYSIS The ratio of the corresponding
linear measures of two similar solids is 3 : 5. The
volume of the smaller solid is 108 cubic inches.
108
—= —
V ()
3 2
5

Describe and correct the error in finding the 108 9

—=—
volume of the larger solid. V 25
300 = V
15. MIXED FRUIT The ratio of the corresponding linear The volume of the larger
measures of two similar cans of fruit is 4 to 7. The solid is 300 cubic inches.
smaller can has a surface area of 220 square centimeters.
Find the surface area of the larger can.

16. CLASSIC MUSTANG The volume of a 1968 Ford Mustang GT

engine is 390 cubic inches. Which scale model of the Mustang
has the greater engine volume, a 1 : 18 scale model or a 1 : 24
scale model? How much greater is it?

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 17. MARBLE STATUE You have a small marble statue of
Wolfgang Mozart. It is 10 inches tall and weighs
16 pounds. The original statue is 7 feet tall.
a. Estimate the weight of the original statue.
Explain your reasoning.
b. If the original statue were 20 feet tall, how much
would it weigh?

18. REPEATED REASONING The largest doll is 7 inches tall.

Each of the other dolls is 1 inch shorter than the next
larger doll. Make a table that compares
the surface areas and the volumes of
the seven dolls.

Wolfgang Mozart

19. Precision You and a friend make paper cones to collect beach glass.
You cut out the largest possible three-fourths circle from each piece of paper.
a. Are the cones similar? Explain your reasoning.
b. Your friend says that Friend’s paper Your paper
because your sheet of
paper is twice as large,
your cone will hold 11 in.
8.5 in.
exactly twice the
volume of beach glass.
11 in. 17 in.
Is this true? Explain
your reasoning.

Draw the figure and its reflection in the x-axis. Identify the coordinates of
the image. (Section 2.3)
20. A(1, 1), B(3, 4), C(4, 2) 21. J(−3, 0), K(−4, 3), L(−1, 4)

22. MULTIPLE CHOICE Which system of linear equations has no solution?

(Section 5.4)
A y = 4x + 1
○ B y = 2x − 7
○ C 3x + y = 1
○ D 5x + y = 3
○
y = −4x + 1 y = 2x + 7 6x + 2y = 2 x + 5y = 15

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 8.3 – 8.4 Quiz
Progress Check

Find the volume of the sphere. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
th (S
(Section
ti 8 8.3)
3)
1. 2.

8 in. 32 cm

Find the radius of the sphere with the given volume. (Section 8.3)
32
3. Volume = 4500π yd3 4. Volume = — π ft 3
3

5. Find the volume of the composite 6. Determine whether the solids are
solid. Round your answer to the similar. (Section 8.4)
nearest tenth. (Section 8.3)

9 ft 6 cm
8 ft 4 cm

7.5 cm 5 cm
12 ft

7. The prisms are similar. Find the missing 8. The solids are similar. Find the surface
width and height. (Section 8.4) area of the red solid. (Section 8.4)

4m
h 2 in. 2m

4 in. 1 in.
w
10 in. Surface Area â 18.84 m2

9. HAMSTER A hamster toy is in the shape of a sphere.

What is the volume of the toy? Round your answer to
the nearest whole number. (Section 8.3)

10. JEWELRY BOXES The ratio of the corresponding linear

measures of two similar jewelry boxes is 2 to 3. The larger
2 cm box has a volume of 162 cubic inches. Find the volume of
the smaller jewelry box. (Section 8.4)

9 mm
11. ARCADE You win a token after playing an arcade game.
What is the volume of the gold ring? Round your answer
to the nearest tenth. (Section 8.3) 10 mm
2 mm

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 8 Chapter Review
Vocabulary Help

Review Key Vocabulary

sphere, p. 348 hemisphere, p. 351 similar solids, p. 356

Review Examples and Exercises

8.1 Volumes of Cylinders (pp. 334–339)

Find the volume of the cylinder. Round your answer

2 cm
to the nearest tenth.

V = Bh Write formula for volume.

= π (2) (8)
2
Substitute. 8 cm
= 32π ≈ 100.5 Use a calculator.

The volume is about 100.5 cubic centimeters.

Find the volume of the cylinder. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
1. 15 ft 2. 10 in.
2 in.
7 ft

3. 3 yd 4. 9 in.

18 in.
12 yd

Find the missing dimension of the cylinder. Round your answer to the nearest
whole number.
5. Volume = 25 in.3 6. Volume = 7599 m3
3 in. r

20 m
h

Chapter Review 363

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 8.2 Volumes of Cones (pp. 340–345)

Find the height of the cone. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
1 6 mm
V = —Bh Write formula for volume.
3
1
900 = — π (6)2(h) Substitute.
h
3
900 = 12π h Simplify.

23.9 ≈ h Divide each side by 12π.

The height is about 23.9 millimeters. Volume â 900 mm3

Find the volume V or height h of the cone. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.

7. 8. 9. hƼ
12 m 10 cm
4 cm
9 in.
8m

VƼ Volume â
3052 in.3

VƼ

8.3 Volumes of Spheres (pp. 348–353)

a. Find the volume of the sphere. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
4
V = — πr 3 Write formula for volume.
3
4
= — π (11)3 Substitute 11 for r.
3 11 m
5324
= —π Simplify.
3
≈ 5575.3 Use a calculator.

The volume is about 5575.3 cubic meters.

b. Find the volume of the composite solid. Round your 5 ft

answer to the nearest tenth.
9 ft
Square Prism Cylinder
V = Bh V = Bh
9 ft
= (12)(12)(9) = π (5)2(9)
= 1296 = 225π ≈ 706.9
12 ft 12 ft

So, the volume is about 1296 + 706.9 = 2002.9 cubic feet.

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 Find the volume V or radius r of the sphere. Round your answer to the nearest
tenth, if necessary.
10. 11.
râ

12 ft

VƼ Volume â 12,348 Ĭ in.3

Find the volume of the composite solid. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.

12. 13. 14. 2 cm

12 m 5 ft
6m
2 ft

6 ft 4 cm
6 ft

18 m

8.4 Surface Areas and Volumes of Similar Solids (pp. 354–361)

The cones are similar. What is the volume of the red cone? Round your answer to
the nearest tenth.
Cone A Cone B

Volume of A
â(Height of A
(
3
V
—= —
157
4 3
6 () Substitute.
4 in.
6 in.
Volume of B Height of B
V 64
—=— Evaluate.
157 216

V ≈ 46.5 Solve for V.

The volume is about 46.5 cubic inches. Volume â 157 in.3

The solids are similar. Find the surface area S or volume V of the red solid.
Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
15. 16.
24 m 8 yd
12 m
6 yd

Surface Area â 154 yd2

Volume â 4608 m3

Chapter Review 365

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 8 Chapter Test
Test Practice

Find the volume of the solid. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.
1. 20 mm 2.

6 cm
30 mm

3 cm

3. 4.
10 m 6m
26 ft

12 m

5. The pyramids are similar. 5 cm

4 cm
6 cm
a. Find the missing dimension.
b. Find the surface area of the
red pyramid. Surface Area â 96 cm2

5 in. 3 in.

6. SMOOTHIES You are making smoothies. You

5 in. 5.5 in. will use either the cone-shaped glass or the
cylindrical glass. Which glass holds more?
About how much more?

7. WAFFLE CONES The ratio of the corresponding linear measures of two

similar waffle cones is 3 to 4. The smaller cone has a volume of about
18 cubic inches. Find the volume of the larger cone. Round your answer
to the nearest tenth.

8. OPEN-ENDED Draw two different composite solids that have the

same volume but different surface areas. Explain your reasoning.

9. MILK Glass A has a diameter of 3.5 inches and a height

of 4 inches. Glass B has a radius of 1.5 inches and a
height of 5 inches. Which glass can hold more milk?

10. REASONING Without

calculating, determine which 18 m 9m
solid has the greater volume.
Explain your reasoning. 18 m
18 m

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 8 Cumulative Assessment
Test-Takin
After Ans g Strateg
wering E y
1. What value of w makes the equation below true? asy Ques
tions, Re
w lax
— = 3(w − 1) − 1
3

1 5
A. — C. —
2 4

3 3
B. — D. —
4 2

2. A right circular cone and its dimensions

are shown below. “After a
n
relax an swering the e
d try the asy que
h stio
r 2h = 2 arder ones. Fo ns,
20 cm . So, it’s r this,
A.”

14 cm

( 22
What is the volume of the right circular cone? Use — for π .
7 )
2 2
F. 1,026 — cm3 H. 4,106 — cm3
3 3

G. 3,080 cm3 I. 12,320 cm3

3. Patricia solved the equation in the box shown.

3
What should Patricia do to correct the error that − — (8x − 10) = −20
she made? 2
8x − 10 = −20 −— ( ) 3
2
A. Add 10 to −20. 8x − 10 = 30
3 8x − 10 + 10 = 30 + 10
B. Distribute −— to get −12x − 15.
2
8x = 40
2 3
C. Multiply both sides by −— instead of −—.
3 2 8x 40
—=—
3 3 8 8
D. Multiply both sides by — instead of −—.
2 2
x=5

Cumulative Assessment 367

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 4. On the grid below, Rectangle EFGH is plotted and its vertices are labeled.

E y F
(Ź1, 2) (3, 2)
1

Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 4 5 x

H G
(Ź1, Ź3) (3, Ź3)

Which of the following shows Rectangle E′F′G′H′, the image of Rectangle EFGH
after it is reflected in the x-axis?
F. HŁ y GŁ H. FŁ y EŁ
(Ź1, 2) (3, 2) (Ź3, 2) (1, 2)
1 1

Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 4 5 x Ź5 Ź4 Ź2 O 2 3 x

Ź2
EŁ FŁ GŁ HŁ
(Ź1, Ź3) (3, Ź3) (Ź3, Ź3) (1, Ź3)
Ź4

G. y I. GŁ y HŁ
4
HŁ GŁ (Ź3, 3) (1, 3)
2
(Ź1, 3) (3, 3)
2 1
1
Ź5 Ź4 Ź2 O 2 3 x
Ź3 Ź2 O 1 2 4 5 x FŁ EŁ
EŁ FŁ (Ź3, Ź2) (1, Ź2)
Ź3
(Ź1, Ź2) (3, Ź2)

5. List the ordered pairs shown in the mapping diagram below.

Input Output

2 5
4 1
6 −2
8 −7

A. (2, 5), (4, −2), (6, −7), (8, 1) C. (2, 5), (4, 1), (6, −2), (8, −7)

B. (2, −7), (4, −2), (6, 1), (8, 5) D. (5, 2), (−2, 4), (−7, 6), (1, 8)

6. The temperature fell from 54 degrees Fahrenheit to 36 degrees Fahrenheit over a

6-hour period. The temperature fell by the same number of degrees each hour.
How many degrees Fahrenheit did the temperature fall each hour?

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 7. Solve the formula below for I .

A = P + PI

P
F. I = A − 2P H. I = A − —
P
A A−P
G. I = — − P I. I = —
P P

8. A right circular cylinder has a volume of 1296 cubic inches. If you divide the
radius of the cylinder by 12, what would be the volume, in cubic inches, of
the smaller cylinder?

9. Which graph represents a linear function?

y y
A. 7
C.
7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x

B. y D. y
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x

10. The figure below is a diagram for making a tin lantern.

3 in.

8 in.

2 in.

The figure consists of a right circular cylinder without its top base and a
right circular cone without its base. What is the volume, in cubic inches,
of the entire lantern? Show your work and explain your reasoning.
(Use 3.14 for π .)

Cumulative Assessment 369

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