Welcome To Google Analytics For Beginners
Welcome To Google Analytics For Beginners
Beginners
Introduction
Hi, I’m Justin Cutroni. And I’m Krista Seiden. We’re Analytics Advocates at
Google. Welcome to Google Analytics for Beginners. In this course we’ll take
you through a basic understanding of Google Analytics.
We’ll show you how to create and implement an account, set up views and
filters, read basic reports, set up dashboards, perform basic analysis, and set
up goals and campaign tracking.
To begin, let’s start by defining “digital analytics” and why it’s important. So
Krista, what’s the deal with digital analytics?
In the offline world, this process can be hard to measure. But in the online
world, we can measure many different aspects of the funnel using digital
analytics. We can track what online behavior led to purchases and use that
data to make informed decisions about how to reach new and existing
customers.
Think about an online store, such as the Google Merchandise Store. It might
have a goal to sell more t-shirts. Using digital analytics, the store could
collect and analyze data from their online advertising campaigns to see which
are most effective and expand those marketing efforts.
For example, the store could analyze geographical sales data to understand if
people in certain places buy a lot of shirts and then run additional advertising
campaigns in those areas. They could also use analytics to understand how
users progress through their online shopping cart. If they notice that users
have trouble with a particular step on their website, they can make changes
to the site to resolve the problem.
While we’ve primarily talked about collecting data from a website, Google
Analytics can also collect behavioral data from a variety of systems such as
mobile applications, online point-of-sales systems, video game consoles,
customer relationship management systems, or other internet-connected
platforms.
That’s right. This data is compiled into Analytics reports, which you can use
to perform in-depth analysis to better understand your customers and their
purchase journey. Then you can test out new solutions to improve your
business.
The process of collecting Analytics data
Google Analytics is a platform that collects data and compiles it into useful
reports.
Tracking a Website
To track a website, you first have to create a Google Analytics account. Then
you need to add a small piece of Javascript tracking code to each page on
your site. Every time a user visits a webpage, the tracking code will collect
anonymous information about how that user interacted with the page.
For the Google Store, the tracking code could show how many users visited a
page that sells drinkware versus a page that sells houseware. Or it could tell
us how many users bought an item like an Android doll by tracking whether
they made it to the purchase confirmation page.
But the tracking code will also collect information from the browser like the
language the browser is set to, the type of browser (such as Chrome or
Safari), and the device and operating system used to access the Google
Store. It can even collect the “traffic source,” which is what brought users to
the site in the first place. This might be a search engine, an advertisement
they clicked on, or an email marketing campaign.
Keep in mind that every time a page loads, the tracking code will collect and
send updated information about the user’s activity. Google Analytics groups
this activity into a period of time called a “session.” A session begins when a
user navigates to a page that includes the Google Analytics tracking code. A
session ends after 30 minutes of inactivity. If the user returns to a page after
a session ends, a new session will begin.
But there are also configuration settings that allow you to customize how that
data is processed. For example, you might want to apply a filter to make sure
your data doesn’t include any internal company traffic, or only includes data
from a particular country or region that’s important to your business.
What’s that?
*Once Analytics processes the data, it’s stored in a database where it can’t
be changed*
Great point, Krista! So remember, when you set up your configuration, don’t
exclude any data you think you might want to analyze later. Once the data
has been processed and stored in the database, it will appear in Google
Analytics as reports. We’ll show you what these reports look like a little later.
How to set up account views with filters
To see what views are currently available for a property, click the “Admin”
tab at the top.
You can see that when you first create a property, Analytics automatically
sets up an unfiltered view called “All Web Site Data.” This contains all of the
raw, unchanged data you collected for the property. We recommend changing
the name to “Raw data,” so you’ll know that the data hasn’t been filtered. To
change the name, we’ll simply type in the new name. Now click “Save.”
Setting up a Test View
Next, we’ll set up a “test view” to test our settings. If we configure something
incorrectly, we may inadvertently lose data we want to collect. So it’s best to
test all of our configurations in this test view first.
To set up a test view, at the top left, click the view selector pull-down
menu.
Then select “Create new view.” We’ll name this view “Test View.”
Now click “Create view.”
Notice that we are now in the “Test View” for this property. We recommend
adding a setting to the test view that filters your data for automated bot and
spider traffic.
For this Test View, select “View Settings."
Then we’ll scroll down.
Under “Bot Filtering,” select “Exclude all hits from known bots and
spiders”. This will help filter out bot traffic.
Next, let’s create the Master view. This will be the view that we use to do all
of our reporting and analysis. We can simply copy the test view and rename it.
To copy the view, in the top right corner click “Copy view.”
We’ll rename the view “Master View.”
Now click “Copy view.”
If you go into the View menu, you can see that we’ve successfully copied and
created this new view. By copying the view, all of our settings and filters we
created like excluding bot traffic will also be included in the new view.
Now we have three views that can be used to back-up our data, test new
analytics configurations, and do our daily reporting and analysis.
But we still need to add filters to determine what data we want Analytics to
display in each view. We’ll first set up a common filter on the “Test” view to
exclude internal IP traffic. That way, we can measure online Google Store
behavior strictly for external customers, without any employee influence.
In the right-hand column under “View,” change the view selector from
“Master View” to “Test View.” This will ensure we are creating our
filters in the right view.
Now click “Filters.”
Then click “Add Filter.” We’ll name this filter “Exclude internal traffic.”
Now we’ll type in the IP address we want to exclude. You can find your
public IP address by opening a new tab and searching for “what is my
ip?” in Google.
Now we’ll copy the IP address into the IP address field.
At the bottom, click “Save.”
Note that the filter we just created now shows up in the list of filters.
Once we’ve saved this filter and applied it to a view, Google Analytics will
check the IP addresses of traffic to the web property and exclude those that
match the filter. It will take a little time for the filter to catch all of the traffic.
To test that the filter is excluding internal traffic, click Reporting.Then, click
“Real-Time” in the left-hand navigation. Now click “Overview.”
This shows you a report of real-time traffic to your website. If you’re on your
internal network, you should notice that your internal user traffic should
decline over the next 30 minutes. Once the filters have taken effect, Analytics
won’t collect any internal activity for the IP address you filtered.
Once you’ve verified this filter is working in your test view, you can add it to
your master view. Click on the Admin tab again. Then select the View pull-
down menu.
Select the “Master View.” Now click “Filters.” Then click “Add Filter.” Now,
instead of “Create new Filter,” select the radio button for “Apply existing
Filter.”
This will allow you to select from a list of filters you’ve previously created.
Click Save.
Now you can see that the filter is applied to the “Master View.”
Note that if you apply multiple filters to a view, each filter will be applied in
the order they appear in your filter settings. So if you have two filters, the
data will pass through the first filter before passing through the second. So be
mindful of the order in which you apply your filters.
It’s that easy to create or add predefined filters to views to make sure you’re
collecting and protecting the data you need.
Welcome to a Guided Tour of the Google
Analytics interface
Account/Property/View switcher
If you have multiple accounts, properties, or views set up, you can easily
switch between them by clicking on the pulldown menu with the title of your
View in the upper-left corner.
When you open up the account picker, you can select by account, property, or
view. You can also search any of these by name. To close the Account picker,
click anywhere on the screen outside of the picker.
Alert icon
Clicking the bell icon in the upper right shows you alerts about your Google
Analytics properties and views.
Alert menu
This may include data that is not collecting properly or a setting that needs to
be optimized. To close the Alerts menu, click anywhere on the screen outside
of the alerts.
At the top right of your Analytics view are two more icons:
The "question mark" icon lets you send feedback to Google Analytics or
search Help articles
The user icon lets you switch between different Google accounts,
manage your current Google account, or sign out
Customization
To navigate between reports, you’ll use the navigation on the left. Clicking on
each of these sections will expose the reports that belong to each section.
Real-Time Reports
Real-Time reports let you look at live user behavior on your website including
information like where your users are coming from and if they’re converting.
Audience Reports
Audience reports show you characteristics about your users like age and
gender, where they’re from, their interests, how engaged they were, whether
they’re new or returning users, and what technology they’re using.
Acquisition Reports
Behavior Reports
Behavior reports show how people engaged on your site including which
pages they viewed, and their landing and exit pages. With additional
implementation, you can even measure what your users searched for on your
site and whether they interacted with specific elements.
Key events reports allow you to measure website goals based on your
business objectives.
Admin
The Admin section contains all of your Google Analytics settings such as user
permissions, measuring code, view settings, and filters.
Use this pointer to shrink the navigation and provide more space for your
reports.
Welcome to a Guided Tour of the
Audience Overview Report
Date range
At the top of every report is a date-range. This lets you set the time period in
which you want to analyze report data. Click the date range to open up the
date range selector.
This opens up a calendar on the left where you can select your date ranges.
When you change the date range, it affects all of the reports in your view. So
you can switch between different reports without having to adjust the date
range each time.
You can choose between date ranges like last week, last calendar month, or
last 30 days. But you can also set specific dates by clicking the start- and
end-date fields and selecting calendar dates. If you’d like to select an entire
month, simply click on the name of the month in the calendar to the left.
Segment Picker
At the top of the report, notice the segment picker. Segments are ways to
look at a specific data set and compare metrics. We’ll cover this in an
advanced course. For now, notice that the default segment includes all of the
Users that visited your site in the given date range.
Line Graph
Below the segment picker are the different metrics of the Audience Overview
report shown in different formats. The most prominent is a line graph that by
default shows a data point for the number of users on each day over your
selected date range.
Duration Selector
If you wish to view this data more specifically, you can change the data
points to show hourly, weekly, or monthly, as well. This can be especially
helpful when looking at large date sets. If you are looking at data over a
single day, the view will default to hourly.
Metric Selector
You can change the metric shown from users to a different metric by
selecting the drop-down menu under the Overview tab. Analytics lets you
compare this to a second metric over the same time period by clicking
“Select a metric”.
Graph Annotator
Notice the small arrow at the bottom of the line graph. Clicking on the arrow
lets you annotate the graph with helpful notes to add business context to your
data. Once you add an annotation, a small indicator will appear on the graph
that can be viewed by other users with access to the view. Clicking any of the
metrics below will show the data points for those metrics in the line graph
above.
Metrics
There are a number of helpful metrics beneath the line graph:
“Sessions” are the total number of sessions for the given date range.
“Users” are the total number of users that visited for the given date
range,
“Pageviews” are the total number of times pages that included your
Analytics tracking code were displayed to users. This includes
repeated viewings of a single page by the same user.
“Pages per session” is the average number of pages viewed during each
session. This also includes repeated viewings of a single page.
“Average session duration” is the average length of a session based on
users that visited your site in the selected date range.
“Bounce rate” is the percentage of users who left after viewing a single
page on your site and taking no additional action.
“Percent of new sessions” is the percentage of sessions in your date
range who are new users to your site.
To the right of the metrics is a pie chart illustrating the percentage of new vs.
returning users.
Dimensions and Metrics
Clicking into the dimensions on the bottom left of the report, will allow you to
see the top 10 dimensions and metrics in each category.
Language Dimension
When you open up the full report, you’ll see links underneath the segment
picker that control the different types of data in the report. The “Summary”
view is a summary of the dimension categorized by Acquisition, Behavior, and
Conversion metrics. This makes it easier to interpret these metrics in the
context of the marketing funnel we discussed in Unit 1.
“Site Usage” shows behavior metrics like users, sessions per user, new users,
sessions, pages per session, and average session duration. “Goals” will show
metrics based on the number of goals you’ve configured and will only show up
if you’ve set up goals in Google Analytics, which we’ll discuss later. And
“Ecommerce” will show you transaction metrics if you’ve set up ecommerce
tracking in Analytics. Now let’s switch back to the Summary view.
Below the graph is the main data table. You can see that the first column
shows the current dimension “Country,” which was the last demographic
category we selected in the Overview report. You can switch between other
dimensions like city, continent, and subcontinent by clicking the links above
the data table. It’s important to know you can also add another dimension to
the table for even more specific analysis. We call this a secondary dimension,
which is a common technique when analyzing data. For example, you could
add a secondary dimension of “device category” to the Location report to see
what kinds of devices were used by people in different countries while
visiting your website.
Here you can see that each row of the table represents a different segment of
traffic in the “Country” dimension. Note that Analytics is only showing you the
first 10 rows of data and only as many columns as will fit on the screen. To
view additional rows, use the “Show rows” pulldown menu on the bottom-right
side of the table to select how many rows you want to see, or use the left and
right arrows to scroll through 10 rows at a time. If you wish to view all of the
columns, you may need to use the horizontal scroll bar at the bottom of the
report.
You can analyze the data table in different ways. Clicking on each column in
the table toggles the data sort between ascending and descending. The arrow
in the column header shows which column you’re currently sorting by. Note
that by default, Analytics sorts this report by users.
It can also be useful to filter the data table to focus only on the segments of
traffic that are significant. Use the filter field at the top of the table to include
only rows where the primary dimension contains your filter term. For example,
you may want to look at data for a specific country like India, so rather than
scroll through the table, you could simply type “India” into the filter field and
Analytics will show you only data for segments that include the term “India.”
“Advanced,” next to the search box, lets you apply even more sophisticated
rules for filtering. We’ll cover techniques for advanced filtering in an advanced
course.
Report Visualization
Next to the “advanced” link, there are several different visualization
options:
The “data table” view is the default visualization for most reports. This
organizes your data in a table broken out by acquisition, behavior, and
conversion metrics for the audience and acquisition reports.
The “pie chart” icon creates a pie chart based on your data. This helps
you compare the percentages of a whole such as how many users are
on desktops, tablets, and mobile phones. You can choose which metric
from your report should display in the pie chart using the pulldown
menu.
The “performance” view shows a bar graph of your data. This helps you
compare individual segments side by side like which countries bring in
the highest traffic. You can also use the pull-down menu to select
various metrics to be represented as bars.
The “comparison view” shows you a bar graph to quickly see whether
each entry in the table is performing above or below the site average
for the selected metric. If the value for a given row is better than
average, it appears green. If it’s below average, it appears red. Again,
you can use the drop-down menu to select which metric should be
displayed.
Finally, the “Pivot” view creates a pivot table in which both rows and
columns can show different dimension values for comparison. For
example, a pivot table could show The Google Store the bounce rate
and number of sessions for each landing page and device type
How to share reports
Sharing and customizing reports
Once you’ve found meaningful data in your reports, Google Analytics offers
several ways to share or refer back to that report under the report name at
the top.
“Save” lets you create a link to the specific report in the Customization
area in the left-hand navigation under “Saved Reports.”
“Export” lets you save a report to your desktop in different file formats
such as PDF or CSV.
“Share” lets you email a copy of the report as an attachment and even
schedule regular email updates.
“Edit” lets you customize the report content by adding metric groups,
filters, or additional views. This creates a new report in the
Customization area of the left-hand navigation under “Custom Reports.”
We'll cover Custom Reports in the advanced course.
Hover over the green check icon next to the report name to view the percent
of sessions that the report is based on. Sometimes, Analytics has to crunch
through so much data, that in order to return your report faster, it will only
analyze a sample of the data collected. This is called “sampling” because it
returns an estimate of the exact count based on a sample of your data.
To change the report sampling rate, mouse over the green data quality icon
and click the pulldown menu. If you want your data to be more accurate and
don’t mind the additional response time, leave this set to "Greater Precision".
If you wish to speed up the time it takes to generate a report and are willing
to sacrifice more precise metrics, select “Faster response.”
Introduction to dashboards and shortcuts
As we’ve been going through and looking at various reports, it’s clear that
some of these metrics will be more useful for your business than others. In
some cases, there may even be metrics you want to check regularly to gauge
the health of your business or a particular ad campaign. You can use
dashboards and shortcuts to quickly find these metrics without having to
navigate to a specific report.
Dashboards
Dashboards are flexible and may be used for different purposes. For example,
you could create an overview of how your site is performing by displaying
summaries of different reports as widgets together on a single page. Or you
could gather a list of critical business metrics that show the state of your
business at a glance or compare different reports side by side.
You can add widgets to a dashboard by clicking “Add Widget”. This will let
you name the widget that you want to appear on the dashboard and select a
visualization type. You can choose to view the data as a number, a timeline, a
map, a table, a pie chart, or a bar graph.
You can select some of these visualizations for standard or real-time metrics.
Use the “Add a metric” pulldown menu below to search and add the particular
metric you want to include. You can even add filters to the report widget once
you’ve brought it into the dashboard, similar to the way we set filters at the
view level earlier.
Once you have created a dashboard, you can format it by clicking “Customize
Dashboard” and selecting a layout. You can also drag and drop existing
widgets to different locations within the dashboard. Mousing over a widget
will reveal an edit icon that you can use to edit the data coming into the
report widget. It also reveals a delete icon that allows you to remove the
widget from the dashboard.
There are two types of dashboards: private and shared. A private dashboard is
only visible to you within that view. A shared dashboard can be seen by
anyone who has access to that view. You can have 20 private dashboards per
user and 50 shared dashboards per view. If you share the dashboard with
other users, they can change what shows up on their dashboard, but their
changes will only be visible to them. Your original shared dashboard cannot
be changed by another user.
If you want to share a dashboard, simply click “Share” at the top. “Share
Template Link” will provide a link to your dashboard template that can be
added to any other view, but don’t worry, this won’t include any of your
Analytics data.
If you wish to share your template more broadly, you can add the dashboard
template to the “Google Analytics Solutions Gallery” by clicking “Share in
Solutions Gallery.” The Solutions Gallery is a place where Google Analytics
users can share different types of customizations like dashboards. It’s also a
great place to find dashboard templates that you can import and then
customize for your own business.
Save Reports
You can also save reports in order to view them later by clicking “Save” at the
top of most reports. When you save reports, they include any customizations
you’ve made to the report. For example, if you’ve filtered the data table, then
that filter will automatically be applied when you access the report from the
Customization area under Saved Reports.
Use dashboards and Saved Reports to easily retrieve data that’s valuable to
your business, or share them with other stakeholders. Be sure to check out
the “Google Analytics Solutions Gallery” for some great ideas.
Audience reports overview
Audience reports are located under “Audience” in the left-hand navigation.
These reports can help you better understand the characteristics of your
users. This can include what countries they’re in, what languages they speak,
and the technology they use to access your site. But it can also include data
like age and gender, their engagement and loyalty, and even some of their
interests.
Let’s begin with the “Active Users” report. This can show you how many users
had at least one session on your site in the last day, seven days, 14 days, and
30 days. We call this “site reach” or “stickiness.” If your marketing activities
and site content encourage users to visit and return to your site, the active
users in each time frame should grow.
Note that to see data in these reports, you must first enable advertising
features in the “Demographics and Interests” reports for each property.
Go into the “Admin” tab under “Property“ and select “Property
Settings.” Under “Advertising Features,” set “Enable Demographics and
Interest Reports” to on.
Once activated, you will see data in your Demographics and Interests reports
about the age, gender, and interests of your users. Note that if you’ve just
enabled this feature, it may take a day or two for data to appear in these
reports. Also, the Demographic reports may not contain any data if your site
traffic is very low or your segment is too small.
Geographic reports
The “Location” report under “Geo” is one of the most useful Audience reports.
Google Analytics can anonymously determine a user’s continent, sub-
continent, country, and city through the IP address used by their browser.
Notice the geographic heat map at the top of the report, which you can adjust
to display different metrics. For example, switching the map to show “percent
of New Visits” lets you identify potential new markets based on new user
traffic to your website. This can help you decide whether to build awareness
or invest in customer loyalty in particular locations.
You could also use the table below the visualization to identify areas that
have a high number of conversions (or transactions), but low traffic rates.
That could indicate untapped markets to target with advertising.
Another analysis technique is to identify the regions where you already have a
large audience, but lower than average performance. For example, if certain
regions have a higher than average bounce rate (or users that leave after
viewing a single page), you might need to optimize your advertising or
website. Perhaps you need to translate your ad or site into the local language
or add geographically-specific content.
Behavior reports
Below “Geo,” are a set of behavior reports that help you understand how often
users visited and returned to your website. The “New vs Returning” report
breaks out acquisition, behavior, and conversion goal metrics for new and
returning users. You can look at this comparison over time to see how
audience loyalty may be shifting. Consider your website objectives, as well as
your marketing activities, when evaluating the mix of new and returning users
to your site.
Underneath Behavior reports, the “Technology” and “Mobile” reports can help
you understand what technologies your audience uses to consume your site
content. These reports can help you fine-tune your site to make sure it’s fully
functional on different devices and browsers.
For example, you can use the “Browser and Operating systems” report to
quickly identify issues with certain browsers on your site. If your site has a
comparatively high bounce rate on a mobile browser, you may need to create
a mobile-optimized version of your website with streamlined content and
simpler navigation.
It’s also a good idea to understand if users are migrating from desktop to
mobile and plan your development accordingly. You can use the “Overview”
report under “Mobile” to see a breakdown of your traffic based on
smartphones, tablets, and desktop devices. Check this report to see how
quickly mobile usage of your site has grown over time.
The “Devices” report lets you see additional details about the devices used to
browse your site. This includes the mobile device name, brand, input selector,
operating system, and other dimensions like screen resolution. These reports
can give your developers and designers direction on how to create a mobile-
optimized experience to best suit your users.
Behavior reports overview
You can find the “Behavior” reports under “Behavior” in the left-hand
navigation. It’s important to understand how Google Analytics calculates
behavior data. If you recall, Analytics uses a small piece of Javascript code
on your website to collect data. Every time a user loads a page on your
website, this tracking code creates a “pageview” that is reported in Google
Analytics. Analytics uses this to calculate many of the metrics in the Behavior
reports. For example, the “Total Pageviews” metric is simply the sum of each
time a user loaded a page on your website.
Let’s begin by looking at the “All Pages” report located under “Site Content”
and scroll down to the data table.
The “Pageviews” metric shows how frequently each page on your site
was viewed. By default, this report will show data by the page URI. The
URI is the part of the URL after the domain name in the location bar of
the browser. If you switch the primary dimension of the report to “Page
Title,” you can view this report by the title listed in the web page’s
HTML.
Other metrics in the “All Pages” report like “Average Time on Page” and
“Bounce Rate” indicate how engaged users were on each page of your
site. You can sort the report by these metrics to quickly find low-
performing pages that need improvement or high-performing content to
guide future content decisions.
The “Content Drilldown” report under “Site Content” groups pages according
to your website’s directory structure. You can click on a directory to see the
pages of your site within that directory. This is especially useful if you’re
trying to understand the performance of content in a particular section of your
website. If you switch to the pie chart view, you can quickly see which
sections of your site are most popular with your users.
The “Landing Pages” report under “Site Content” lists the pages of your
website where users first arrived. These are the first pages viewed in a
session. You can use this report to monitor the number of bounces and the
bounce rate for each landing page. A high bounce rate usually indicates that
the landing page content is not relevant or engaging for those users.
The “Exit Pages” report under “Site Content” shows the pages where users
left your site. Because you don’t want users exiting from important pages like
a shopping cart checkout, it’s a good idea to periodically review this report to
minimize unwanted exits.
The “Events” report tracks how users interact with specific elements of your
website. For example, you can use this report to track when users click on a
video player or a download link. Event tracking requires additional
implementation beyond the Analytics tracking code snippet, which we’ll
discuss in more detail in an advanced Google Analytics course.
How to track a marketing campaign
Marketing campaigns can take several forms. Your business may want to
advertise using text ads on search engine results, banner ads placed on
strategic publisher websites, or you may have social media or email
campaigns that communicate your brand and products to customers. It’s
common to use a combination of these marketing activities to drive sales and
website conversions.
When users click on a link with added parameters, the Google Analytics
tracking code will extract the information from the link and associate that
user and their behavior with your marketing campaign. That way, you can
know which people came to your site through your various marketing
activities.
For example, the Google Store has a monthly email newsletter it sends to its
customers with links back to the Google Store website. Adding a campaign
tag of “email” to these links allows the store to easily identify the users that
came to the website from the email newsletter in Google Analytics.
There are five different campaign tags that help you identify specific
information about your campaign traffic. Medium, Source, and Campaign are
required campaign tags. You can also add tags for Content and Term.
To add these parameters into the URLs associated with your ads, Google
Analytics provides a tool called “URL builder” in our Help Center, which we’ll
cover next.
Tracking campaigns with URL Builder
To navigate to the URL builder in the Help Center click the link at the end of
this lesson and scroll down to the URL builder form.
In the first step, type in the URL of your website (or where you want your ad
or campaign link to take users). Then fill out fields for the campaign, source,
and medium. Optionally, you can fill out the fields for term, content, and
name. Term, content, and name can be any values you want, just make sure
that they’re descriptive enough to recognize when they appear in your Google
Analytics reports.
A quick note about naming conventions. Typically, you’ll use single words
to name your tags. If you use phrases, then the URL builder will add
underscores between the words to avoid spaces in the URL. Be sure to use
consistent spelling and capitalization when entering tag values. Since
Google Analytics is case sensitive, a campaign named “PROMO1” in all
uppercase will show up separately from a campaign named “promo1” in all
lowercase. Also, make sure that you use consistent medium names like
“display” for banner ads and “email” for email campaigns.
When you click “Generate URL” at the bottom, you can see that the URL
Builder generates the link with all the correct campaign parameters attached.
This provides an easy way to quickly generate campaign tags for tracking.
But keep in mind, you can only use it to build out one URL at a time, so you
probably won’t want to use it to build each URL if you have a large campaign.
Instead, you can use a spreadsheet to simplify the process. We’ve provided an
example template at the end of this lesson that you can use to manage your
campaign values for bulk URL-building.
Before launching a campaign with this link, you’ll want to verify that your
tracking tags are working correctly. Sometimes a website configuration can
break Google Analytics Campaign tracking. Here's a simple way to test your
campaign before you launch it. First open an incognito window or private
browsing session. Then, copy and paste the link you created to track your
campaign into the address bar of the browser. Once your website loads,
navigate around your site and complete some of the critical actions. For
example, if one of your website objectives is a trial signup, complete the
signup process on your site. Or, if your campaign contains a coupon, try
submitting a transaction with the coupon applied.
It’s a good idea to try this with each URL you created. You can instantly see
campaign information in the Real Time reports or wait a few hours to review
the data in your standard Campaign reports. Then visit the “All Campaigns”
report in the “Acquisition” section under “Campaigns.” This report lets you
compare incoming traffic from your various marketing campaigns. To verify
that the campaign is collecting data properly, type the name of the campaign
into the filter. You should see an overview of the campaign clicks that you
tested.
If you click on the campaign name, you can see the source and medium data
that you entered into the URL Builder. If you want to verify the other
campaign tags you added to your URL, add a secondary dimension such as
“ad content.”
This lets you view the primary dimension of “Source/Medium” broken down by
the “content” tag you added to your links. The Google Store differentiated the
“content” tag for their email newsletters by whether they were offering
promotions or not. By adding the secondary dimension of “Ad Content,” we
can see which promotions were most effective at driving people to the
website.
There are many other ways to analyze campaign data, which we’ll cover in an
advanced course. Using the URL Builder in conjunction with Google Analytics
reporting, you can quickly understand which campaigns drove the highest
quality traffic to your site.
How to set up Goals in Analytics
Before we set up a goal in Google Analytics, let’s draw a distinction between
two types of goals: business goals and Google Analytics Goals.
Business goals are actions you want your user to take on your website. Each
time a user completes one of your business goals, we call this a “key events.”
This could be signing up for a newsletter or buying a product.
But in Google Analytics, you use a feature called “Goals” to track these key
events. Once you configure Goals, Analytics will create key event-related
metrics. like the total number of key events, as well as the percentage of
users that converted. We refer to this as the “key event rate.”
When you set up a Goal in Google Analytics, you can also set up a “goal
funnel.” This is a data visualization of the different steps needed to complete
the goal. This visual helps you identify where users are dropping out of the
key event process. Ecommerce businesses could use goals and funnels to see
whether users are able to complete a multi-step checkout process. Other
businesses could track newsletter sign-ups, contact form completions, page
navigations, number of pages viewed in a session, or time on site.
You must be an Administrator on the View in which you want to enable Goals
in Analytics. Also note that you can only set up to 20 goals per view, so be
thoughtful about which goals are most important to your business.
First, you’ll need to decide what you want to track based on your business
goals. Since The Google Store is an ecommerce store, one goal they could
track is successful checkouts. So, let’s set up a goal every time a user
reaches the checkout confirmation page. We’ll also set up a funnel
visualization, so we can see if users are dropping off on their way to the
confirmation page. Note that this Goal won’t track actual revenue; it will
simply track how far users get at each stage of the goal and where they might
abandon the process. Creating a funnel visualization to track goal
completions is completely optional, but it can add a lot of visibility into each
step of the key event flow.
Goal Setup
To get started, we’ll go into the Admin section. Then, under “Views,” we’ll
click “Goals.” Then we’ll click “New Goal.” Note that your Goal set-up may
look a little different than the one for The Google Store, depending on your
business type. Analytics provides you with some pre-set business goal
templates. Since we want to track whether users made it to the checkout
page for The Google Store, we’ll choose “Buy merchandise” and click
“Continue.”
Next we’ll choose one of four Goal types. Each of these types is triggered by a
particular user action.
Note that if you want to create a Funnel Visualization, you can only use the
“Destination”-type goal, so we’ll select “Destination” and click “Continue.”
Next, we’ll enter the destination URL of the “Order Complete” page in the
“Destination” field. The destination URL is the URL of the page that is shown
when the user converts or completes the key event process. Rather than
enter the entire URL, we want to look for something distinctive in that URL
that will allow us to track our goal using only this page. Since none of the
other web pages in the Google Store have “SubmitOrder” in the URL, we’ll use
this to identify our “Order Complete” page.
Goal Value
If you want to assign a monetary amount to the key event goal, you can flip
the “Value” toggle to “On” and type in the amount that each key event is
worth. You would only use this if each key event was worth a consistent
amount to your business. For example, if each newsletter sign-up was worth 1
dollar to your business, you could set a goal value equal to “1.” Since we’re
tracking Google Store order completions and each order is a different amount,
we’ll leave this Value set to “Off” for now. If we wanted to track actual
revenue made from purchases, we would need to turn on ecommerce
tracking, which we discuss in our Ecommerce Analytics course.
Goal Funnel
Once you’ve verified your settings, flip the Funnel switch to “On” to add the
funnel steps. Each funnel step represents an action on your website that
needs to be taken in order to accomplish the Goal. In this case, we’ll need to
include a unique part of the URL for each page the user has to view in order to
check out and make a purchase. We can name each step in our funnel and
add the unique part of the URL. If a step is required to complete the goal,
move the “Required” toggle to “Yes.” For example, if we only wanted users
who entered the funnel on the first step to show up in our funnel visualization
report, we could set the first step to required.
Note that the Goal completion numbers in the key events report will not be
affected by the funnel you’ve set up, even if you’ve made some of the steps
required, as these steps are only reported in the funnel visualization report.
Once you click Save, you’ll see the Goal appear in the Goals list.
To see your Goal metrics, navigate back into the Reporting view and under
the “Key events” reports, click “Goals” and then “Overview.” More
importantly, you can now view goal data in almost all of your other Google
Analytics reports like the Audience and Acquisition reports.
To see the related funnel visualization, under Key events, click the Funnel
Visualization report. Scrolling down, you can see user activity in each step of
the funnel and how many users proceeded through each step. If you see users
dropping off dramatically in a particular step, you may want to investigate
further. There could be technical issues with this stage of the funnel,
preventing users from proceeding.
In addition to creating your own custom goals, the Analytics Solutions Gallery
offers many Goals built by other users that you can add to your Analytics
account to use for your own business purposes.
Rangkuman Google Analytics untuk
Pemula
Ringkasan Kursus
Mari kita bahas apa saja yang telah Anda pelajari di Google Analytics untuk
Pemula. Kita telah mendiskusikan:
Kami berharap Anda juga sudah memahami cara melakukan analisis dasar
dalam laporan Audiens, Akuisisi, dan Perilaku. Terakhir, kami telah
memperkenalkan pelacakan kampanye kepada Anda serta cara menyiapkan
sasaran untuk mengukur konversi.
Kami juga telah menunjukkan cara menautkan akun Analytics dan Google Ads
untuk melacak dan mengoptimalkan kampanye Google Ads.
Langkah Berikutnya
Sebelum mengakhiri pelajaran ini, mari kita lihat beberapa cara tambahan
untuk meningkatkan bisnis Anda menggunakan data Google Analytics.
Ide yang bagus, Justin. Jika Anda ingin melihat halaman berperforma terbaik
untuk pengguna baru, di bagian Perilaku, buka "Konten Situs", lalu klik
laporan "Semua Halaman". Kemudian, tambahkan dimensi sekunder "Jenis
Pengguna", sehingga Anda dapat melihat halaman teratas mana yang sedang
dikunjungi oleh pengguna baru. Ini dapat membantu menginformasikan
strategi kampanye pemasaran dan konten situs untuk mendapatkan lebih
banyak pengguna lainnya.
Jika Anda ingin mengidentifikasi halaman landing yang tidak efektif, buka
laporan "Perilaku" di bagian "Konten Situs", lalu buka laporan "Halaman
Landing". Urutkan menurut "Rasio Pantulan" untuk melihat halaman mana
yang membuat orang-orang keluar tanpa berinteraksi dengan situs Anda. Jika
Anda menjalankan kampanye dan ingin menghubungkan halaman landing ini
dengan upaya pemasaran, tambahkan dimensi sekunder "kampanye" atau
"media sumber". Selanjutnya, Anda dapat memeriksa kampanye dan halaman
landing mana yang membuat pengguna keluar dan melakukan koreksi.
Selamat menganalisis.
How Google Analytics collects data
Introduction
Hi, I’m Justin Cutroni. And I’m Krista Seiden. We’re Analytics Advocates at
Google. Welcome to Advanced Google Analytics. If you’ve already taken our
course Google Analytics for Beginners, you should be well prepared to take
this next step in your understanding of Analytics.
Let’s start by showing you some specifics on how Google Analytics collects
data. Remember that website data collection begins with a snippet of
JavaScript tracking code that’s included on every web page of the site where
you want to collect data. The goal of the tracking code is to track each user
interaction that occurs on your website. These interactions can be as simple
as loading a page or something more specific like clicking a video play button
or a link.
The Analytics tracking code uses the domain of the website you are tracking
to define it as a “site” in your reports. With the tracking code installed, Google
Analytics will drop a cookie in the user’s browser for that website and any
related subdomains. This makes it easy to track traffic on a single website
URL domain or subdomain by default.
Note that if you install the same default tracking code on pages with
different domains, Analytics will count these users and sessions
separately. If you need to track users across different domains, you will
need to set up cross-domain tracking, which we’ll discuss later.
Anatomy of a "hit"
With each user interaction on your website, the Analytics tracking code sends
what’s called a “hit” to Google Analytics. A “hit” is a URL string with
parameters of useful information about your users. It looks something like
this:
If we break down the URL string, you can see that it’s passing some useful
information to Analytics about the user that triggered the hit. For example, we
can see things like:
This is just some of the information passed in the hit, depending on the user
interaction with the site and what is being tracked. The hit will also include
other information like a randomly-generated user identifier. This will allow
Google Analytics to differentiate between new and returning users.
“pageview” hits
“event” hits
and “transaction” hits
A “pageview” hit is triggered when a user loads a webpage with the tracking
code. This is the most common type of hit sent to Analytics. Every time a user
opens a page with the tracking code, a new pageview hit will be sent.
An “event” hit lets you track every time a user interacts with a particular
element on your website. For example, you can track whether users click a
video Play button, a particular URL, or a product carousel. Event hits pass
four parameters of data in the URL: event action, category, label, and value.
You can use these to categorize interactions in reports that are specific to
your website. We’ll go into more detail on event tracking a little later.
If you’ve set up Enhanced Ecommerce within Google Analytics, you can also
pass additional ecommerce data like product category, whether items have
been added or removed from a shopping cart, and how many times users
viewed a product on a website.
There are additional hits such as “social hits” that can pass likes, shares, or
tweet data; and “page timing hits” that allow you to report on page timings,
but the Pageview, Event, and Transaction hits are the three most common.
We’ve discussed some of the information passed in hits such as Language and
Page Title. But Google Analytics widens that data using other sources such
as IP address, server-log files, and other ad-serving data. Using this additional
information, Analytics can understand things like:
a user’s location;
specifics about their browser and operating system;
their age and gender;
and the source/medium that referred them to a site.
You’ll recognize many of these parameter names passed in the hit or widened
with additional data because they get turned into the dimensions that make
up your reports in Google Analytics. Remember that dimensions are just ways
to categorize metric data like all the metrics for a specific “country” or
“device type.”
Once the hit is sent to Google Analytics and combined with additional data,
all of this information is ready for processing by the Analytics servers.
Understanding how Analytics collects and processes data can help you better
understand your reports and what the data means.
Mengategorikan data ke pengguna dan
sesi
Mari kita lihat beberapa langkah pertama pemrosesan data oleh Google
Analytics.
Mendefinisikan Sesi
Ingat bahwa pada situs, sesi dimulai saat pengguna membuka halaman yang
menyertakan kode pelacakan Google Analytics dan menghasilkan klik
"pageview". Sesi ini akan berakhir setelah 30 menit jika tidak ada klik lain
yang tercatat. Jika pengguna kembali ke halaman setelah sesi berakhir, sesi
baru akan dimulai.
Mari kita lihat beberapa contoh bagaimana klik dapat disusun ke dalam sesi.
Namun, mari kita lihat contoh kedua: Pengguna tiba di halaman beranda
Google Merchandise Store. Sesi dimulai dengan klik "pageview". Kemudian,
pengguna mengklik tombol putar untuk video yang dilacak dengan pelacakan
peristiwa. Ini memicu klik "peristiwa". Google Analytics akan mencatat 2 klik
untuk pengguna tersebut dalam sesi itu: klik "pageview" untuk halaman
beranda dan klik "peristiwa" untuk mengklik tombol putar.
Sesi pertama akan menyertakan klik "pageview" dan sesi kedua akan
menyertakan klik "peristiwa", karena saat pengguna melihat tab kedua,
waktu tunggu sesi pertama akan habis.
Meskipun secara default waktu tunggu sesi habis setelah 30 menit tidak aktif,
Anda dapat mengubah setelan ini di konfigurasi agar lebih sesuai dengan
perilaku pengguna di situs Anda. Misalnya, situs dengan sasaran untuk
mendorong pengguna menonton video mungkin tidak ingin waktu tunggu
sesinya habis setelah 30 menit. Waktu tunggu sesi dapat diperpanjang
menjadi rata-rata waktu tonton video di situs. Klik link di bagian akhir
pelajaran ini untuk melihat petunjuk cara mengubah waktu tunggu sesi
default.
Setelah mengatur data menurut sesi, Google Analytics dapat menghitung
sejumlah metrik yang muncul dalam laporan Anda seperti sesi, halaman per
sesi, durasi sesi rata-rata, dan rasio pantulan.
Google Analytics juga dapat menautkan data dari fitur pemasaran Google
lainnya seperti Google Ads, AdSense, atau Google Search Console.
Penautan ini memungkinkan informasi seperti klik Google Ads, tayangan, dan
data biaya untuk dilihat di akun Analytics Anda.
Ini adalah 3 langkah pertama yang dilakukan Google Analytics saat
memproses data. Tonton video berikutnya untuk melihat cara Analytics
menyelesaikan pemrosesan data.
Mengubah data menggunakan aturan
konfigurasi
Di Google Analytics, Anda dapat menyiapkan aturan konfigurasi data yang
akan menentukan cara pemrosesan data. Ini termasuk menerapkan fitur
seperti filter data, sasaran, pengelompokan data, Dimensi Kustom, Metrik
Kustom, dan data yang diimpor yang dapat membantu Anda menentukan dan
menganalisis data dalam laporan dengan lebih baik.
Filter Data
Seperti yang telah kita bahas di Google Analytics untuk Pemula, Anda dapat
menetapkan filter pada tampilan yang dapat mengecualikan data tertentu,
hanya menyertakan data tertentu, atau memodifikasi data selama
pemrosesan. Ini membantu Anda menyesuaikan data yang muncul dalam
laporan dengan kebutuhan bisnis Anda. Filter pada dasarnya adalah "aturan"
yang diterapkan Google Analytics pada data selama pemrosesan. Jika "jenis
filter" benar, Google Analytics akan menerapkan filter tersebut ke data. Jika
jenis filter salah, Google Analytics tidak akan menerapkan filter tersebut.
Ada 2 alasan mengapa Anda mungkin ingin menerapkan filter. Anda mungkin
perlu mengubah data yang muncul dalam tampilan. Misalnya, Anda mungkin
ingin hanya menyertakan data dari negara tertentu dalam tampilan yang
ditujukan untuk pelaporan mengenai negara tersebut. Atau Anda mungkin
ingin mengecualikan traffic karyawan internal dari tampilan yang melaporkan
data pelanggan.
Filter yang Anda pilih untuk diterapkan akan bergantung pada tujuan
pengukuran spesifik Anda, jadi sebaiknya rencanakan data apa yang ingin
dikumpulkan sebelum menyiapkan filter. Kita akan membahas filter secara
lebih detail nanti.
Sasaran
Berikut adalah 2 jenis Sasaran yang paling umum, namun Anda juga dapat
menyiapkan sasaran tambahan untuk mengukur interaksi pengguna:
Konversi dihitung 1 kali per sesi per sasaran yang dikonfigurasi. Jadi, jika
Anda menetapkan mendownload PDF sebagai sasaran Peristiwa, dan
pengguna mendownload PDF 5 kali dalam sesi yang sama, tindakan ini hanya
akan dihitung sebagai 1 konversi.
Anda mungkin ingin mengatur data yang dikumpulkan dengan cara berbeda
dari cara pelaporan Google Analytics standar. Pengelompokan Saluran
memungkinkan Anda mengatur data ke saluran yang disesuaikan, sementara
Pengelompokan Konten memungkinkan Anda menggabungkan metrik dalam
laporan berdasarkan penataan situs.
Anda telah mempelajari tentang dimensi dan metrik di Google Analytics untuk
Pemula. Namun, Anda juga dapat membuat dimensi dan metrik sendiri di
Analytics yang disebut "Dimensi Kustom" dan "Metrik Kustom". Dimensi
Kustom membantu Anda menentukan kelompok data metrik yang spesifik
untuk bisnis Anda, kemudian menerapkannya sebagai dimensi di seluruh
laporan.
Anda juga dapat mengupload data Anda sendiri ke Google Analytics yang
menyertakan data klik, data yang diperpanjang yang disimpan dalam Dimensi
Kustom atau Metrik Kustom, dan data Ringkasan yang memungkinkan Anda
merangkum metrik yang diupload. Biasanya, informasi ini diekspor dari fitur
bisnis offline seperti sistem pengelolaan konten atau sistem pengelolaan
hubungan pelanggan (CRM) ke dalam file teks.
Impor Data
Impor Data memungkinkan Anda menggabungkan data offline ini ke data klik
yang dikumpulkan Analytics dari situs Anda. Ini memungkinkan Anda
menyertakan data spesifik bisnis Anda sendiri yang dikumpulkan secara
terpisah untuk memberikan lebih banyak konteks dan analisis dalam laporan.
Ini hanya sedikit dari berbagai fitur yang dapat Anda konfigurasikan untuk
membantu menyesuaikan data yang dikumpulkan untuk bisnis Anda.
Perhatikan bahwa Anda harus menyiapkan aturan konfigurasi data ini
sebelum data diproses.
Semua laporan Google Analytics merupakan dimensi tunggal, dan metrik yang
sesuai untuk setiap nilai dimensi tersebut. Anda akan melihat bahwa
sebagian besar laporan di Analytics menggunakan baris untuk dimensi, dan
kolom untuk data metrik yang terkait.
tingkat klik
tingkat sesi
tingkat pengguna
Namun, Anda juga memiliki kemampuan untuk membuat laporan yang lebih
disesuaikan di Analytics menggunakan fitur seperti dimensi sekunder atau
dengan membuat Laporan Kustom. Jika Anda melakukan ini, Analytics akan
memeriksa apakah ada tabel gabungan dengan data yang sesuai. Jika
tabelnya belum ada, Analytics akan kembali ke data sesi mentah untuk
memproses dan membuat laporan dari awal.
Dalam beberapa kasus, ada begitu banyak data untuk digabungkan sehingga
Analytics akan menampilkan sampel data dalam laporan yang ditampilkan,
dan bukan menghitung semua data yang dikumpulkan.
Bisnis yang berbeda tentu saja akan memiliki konversi makro dan mikro yang
berbeda:
Perhatikan bahwa ini hanya salah satu contoh dari rencana pengukuran data
yang sangat ringkas. Rencana pengukuran data Anda mungkin lebih beragam
dan mendetail, yang bergantung pada kompleksitas dan ambisi bisnis Anda.
Akun
Saat membuat akun di Google Analytics, akun diberikan ID unik. Anda dapat
melihat ID ini di kode pelacakan Analytics. Ini adalah cara kode pelacakan
mengirim data klik ke akun Analytics yang benar. Anda tidak perlu login
secara terpisah untuk beberapa Organisasi atau Akun Analytics. Anda cukup
memilih salah satu Organisasi atau Akun dengan menggunakan pemilih akun.
Anda juga dapat memilih akun milik Organisasi Anda saat ini di area Admin.
Properti
Misalnya, Google Merchandise Store mungkin perlu melihat data dari situsnya
dan data dari aplikasi selulernya di properti yang terpisah untuk menganalisis
setiap kumpulan data secara terpisah. Sebaiknya Anda melacak setiap situs,
aplikasi seluler, atau perangkat lain milik perusahaan di properti yang
terpisah.
Jika memiliki 2 situs yang terkait dengan URL atau subdomain berbeda yang
ingin Anda lacak dalam 1 properti, Anda dapat menyiapkan opsi yang disebut
"pelacakan lintas-domain". Pelacakan lintas-domain akan mengenali saat
pengguna menjelajah di antara situs yang terkait dalam sesi yang sama. Ini
juga dikenal sebagai "penautan situs". Untuk menyiapkan pelacakan lintas-
domain, Anda harus memodifikasi kode pelacakan Analytics di setiap
halaman dari setiap situs yang ingin Anda lacak. Google Tag Manager dapat
mempermudah pembaruan kode tersebut.
Selain itu, jika pengguna teridentifikasi oleh Client-ID yang sama di berbagai
properti sumber, data sesi untuk pengguna tersebut biasanya digabungkan;
jika tidak, data sesi tersebut tetap terpisah. Untuk informasi selengkapnya
tentang pelaporan multiproperti, lihat link di bagian akhir pelajaran ini.
Izin pengguna
Ringkasan video
Filter standar
Filter kustom
Penggunaan umum filter
Batasan filter
Referensi terkait
Filter standar
Jika Anda ingin memfilter rentang alamat yang lebih rumit, gunakan
Filter Kustom
untuk Mengecualikan/Menyertakan menggunakan Alamat IP dan
menentukan ekspresi reguler sebagai Pola Filter. Lihat contoh
penggunaan ekspresi reguler.
Sertakan/Kecualikan hanya traffic ke subdirektori: gunakan filter ini
untuk hanya mengecualikan/menyertakan traffic ke subdirektori
tertentu (seperti /sepedamotor atau /bantuan/konten/faq).
Kecualikan/Sertakan hanya traffic ke hostname: gunakan filter ini
untuk hanya mengecualikan/menyertakan traffic ke hostname tertentu
(seperti sales.example.com atau support.example.com).
Filter kustom:
Kecualikan: Jenis filter ini mengecualikan baris file log (klik) yang
cocok dengan Pola Filter. Baris yang cocok diabaikan seluruhnya;
misalnya, filter yang mengecualikan Chrome juga mengecualikan
semua informasi lainnya yang ada di baris log tersebut, seperti
informasi pengunjung, jalur, rujukan, dan domain.
Sertakan: Jenis filter ini menyertakan baris file log (klik) yang cocok
dengan Pola Filter. Semua klik yang tidak cocok akan diabaikan dan
data apa pun pada klik yang tidak cocok tidak tersedia dalam laporan.
Huruf besar/Huruf Kecil: Mengubah konten kolom menjadi karakter yang
semuanya menggunakan huruf besar atau huruf kecil. Filter tersebut
hanya akan memengaruhi huruf dan tidak memengaruhi karakter
khusus atau angka.
Telusuri & Ganti: Ini adalah filter praktis yang dapat Anda gunakan
untuk menelusuri pola dalam kolom dan mengganti pola yang
ditemukan dengan bentuk lainnya.
Lanjutan: Jenis filter ini memungkinkan Anda untuk membuat kolom
dari satu atau dua kolom lainnya. Mesin filter menerapkan ekspresi di
kedua kolom Ekstrak ke kolom yang ditetapkan, lalu menyusun kolom
ketiga menggunakan ekspresi Konstruktor. Baca Filter Lanjutan untuk
informasi selengkapnya.
Batasan filter
Gunakan verifikasi filter untuk memastikan filter Anda berjalan sesuai yang
diharapkan sebelum menerapkannya ke data yang masuk
Cara menyiapkan filter lanjutan pada
tampilan
Filter dapat membantu menyaring data dan menjadikannya lebih mudah
dibaca dalam laporan. Misalnya, Anda dapat menggunakan filter untuk
melacak aktivitas di direktori situs tertentu atau melacak subdomain situs
dalam tampilan yang terpisah.
Ada 2 jenis filter: filter "standar" dan "kustom".
Filter Standar
Filter standar telah dibuat untuk Anda di Google Analytics, Anda hanya perlu
memilih filter yang ingin digunakan. Ini memungkinkan Anda menyertakan
atau mengecualikan data berdasarkan traffic dari domain ISP, alamat IP,
subdirektori, atau hostname, dan menentukan bagaimana filter akan
mencocokkan informasi tersebut.
Filter Kustom
Filter sertakan
Misalnya, bisnis Anda memfokuskan perhatian pada seluler dan hanya ingin
menganalisis traffic seluler dalam tampilan tertentu. Anda dapat menyiapkan
filter kustom "hanya sertakan" pada tampilan untuk Kategori Perangkat dan
menetapkan nilai "Seluler". Filter akan melihat kriteria yang telah ditentukan
dan mencocokkannya dengan klik relevan yang dikumpulkan Google Analytics
untuk tampilan tersebut. Jika tidak cocok dengan kriteria, filter tidak akan
diterapkan pada data tersebut.
Demikian juga, Anda mungkin hanya ingin menampilkan data untuk kampanye
tertentu dalam tampilan. Anda dapat menyiapkan filter kustom untuk hanya
menyertakan data kampanye dengan nama kampanye atau parameter jenis
yang telah Anda tentukan. Dengan menggunakan izin tampilan, Anda
kemudian dapat membagikan data kampanye ini kepada partner yang
ditunjuk.
Filter kecualikan
Jika ada data yang secara khusus ingin dikecualikan seperti traffic
Penelusuran Berbayar (atau CPC), Anda dapat menetapkan filter kustom
"kecualikan" yang juga akan mengecualikan semua traffic berbayar dalam
tampilan tertentu.
Anda juga dapat menggunakan filter untuk menormalkan data dalam laporan
agar lebih mudah digunakan. Data Google Analytics tidak peka terhadap huruf
kecil/huruf besar, sehingga halaman dalam laporan Semua Halaman mungkin
menampilkan URL yang sama beberapa kali.
Anda dapat dengan cepat menggabungkan baris yang berbeda hanya pada
huruf kecil/huruf besarnya, dengan menggunakan filter Huruf kecil atau Huruf
besar. Filter ini akan memaksa huruf besar/huruf kecil menjadi huruf kecil
atau huruf besar semua, sehingga menghilangkan data duplikat.
Filter lanjutan
Selain filter sertakan, kecualikan, dan huruf kecil, ada filter lanjutan lain yang
memungkinkan Anda menghapus, mengganti, dan menggabungkan kolom
filter dengan cara yang lebih kompleks menggunakan pola yang disebut
dengan "ekspresi reguler". Ekspresi reguler (atau singkatannya "regex")
adalah karakter yang dapat Anda gunakan untuk mengidentifikasi teks yang
sesuai untuk memicu tindakan. Ekspresi reguler dasar pada filter bisa
sesederhana sebuah kata atau gabungan karakter yang lebih rumit.
Misalnya, jika memiliki parameter kueri teknis yang diteruskan di URL situs,
Anda mungkin memiliki halaman yang identik dengan alamat yang berbeda.
Karena URL-nya berbeda, halaman ini akan muncul beberapa kali dalam
laporan Anda. Namun karena semuanya adalah halaman yang sama,
sebaiknya Anda memfilter parameter kueri agar tidak muncul berkali-kali
dalam laporan.
Anda dapat menyertakan ekspresi reguler yang mengenali bagian utama URL
sebelum parameter kueri, menempatkannya di variabel, dan menimpa
keseluruhan URL dengan variabel tersebut. Tindakan ini akan merender URL
halaman tersebut menjadi identik dalam pelaporan.
Untuk bisnis yang mengumpulkan data dari beberapa domain, mungkin sulit
membedakan nama halaman di Google Analytics. Dalam laporan "Semua
Halaman", "googlestoreamerica/index.axd" dan
"googlestoreeurope/index.axd" akan muncul sebagai "index.axd".
Ingat bahwa filter, seperti semua setelan konfigurasi, tidak diterapkan secara
retroaktif pada data Anda. Filter hanya diterapkan dari saat Anda
membuatnya dan dapat membutuhkan waktu hingga 24 jam sebelum
diterapkan pada data Anda.
Selain itu, jangan lupa bahwa urutan penerapan filter sangat penting. Setiap
filter akan mengirim data yang difilter ke filter berikutnya dalam urutan, jadi
sebaiknya pertimbangkan urutan penerapan filter Anda.
Ingat untuk menguji filter Anda dalam tampilan "uji" sebelum menerapkannya
pada tampilan "master". Selain itu, pastikan Anda menguji filter pada laporan
real-time untuk memastikannya berfungsi, karena mungkin dibutuhkan waktu
beberapa jam untuk memfilter semua data Anda.
Cara menyiapkan Dimensi Kustom
Ringkasan
Penyiapan
Untuk menyiapkan Dimensi Kustom, buka Admin. Pilih Properti yang Anda
inginkan sebagai tempat untuk menerapkan dimensi. Selanjutnya, klik
"Definisi Kustom", lalu "Dimensi Kustom". Setelah itu, klik "Dimensi Kustom
Baru".
Anda harus memberi nama pada Dimensi Kustom terlebih dahulu sebelum
menentukan cakupannya. Ingat bahwa dimensi dapat memiliki cakupan "klik",
"produk", "sesi", atau "pengguna". Cakupan ini didasarkan pada seberapa luas
Anda ingin mengategorikan data metrik.
Seperti dimensi dan metrik standar, Dimensi dan Metrik Kustom hanya dapat
dipasangkan dengan dimensi atau metrik dari cakupan yang serupa. Karena
Google Merchandise Store ingin melacak apakah pengguna merupakan
karyawan atau bukan, sebaiknya tetapkan cakupan Dimensi Kustom ini
sebagai "pengguna".
Saat membuat Dimensi Kustom untuk pertama kalinya, Anda akan diarahkan
ke layar dengan JavaScript untuk disertakan di situs. Anda dapat menyalin
kode, lalu klik "Selesai".
Anda akan diarahkan ke layar ringkasan tempat Anda dapat melihat semua
Dimensi Kustom yang telah disiapkan di properti tersebut. Perhatikan bahwa
sama seperti Sasaran, Google Analytics menetapkan indeks (atau nomor slot)
untuk setiap Dimensi Kustom yang Anda buat. Perhatikan bahwa Anda tidak
dapat memilih nomor indeks yang ditetapkan; semuanya ditetapkan sesuai
urutan pembuatannya.
Kode pelacakan Dimensi Kustom kemudian mengambil nilai ini dari kode
JavaScript dan menyertakan data dimensi ini di klik pageview yang dipicu
pengguna saat pertama kali tiba di halaman. "dimension1" merujuk ke nomor
indeks Dimensi Kustom yang dibuat di Analytics. Variabel "userStatus" adalah
nilai yang dikirimkan kode Javascript kustom Store ke Dimensi Kustom untuk
digunakan dalam laporan.
Saat mengumpulkan data apakah pengguna datang dari link URL diskon atau
bukan, JavaScript kustom akan mengisi indeks dan variabel nilai tersebut
dengan status pengguna.
Untuk menyiapkan Metrik Kustom, buka Admin. Pilih Properti yang Anda
inginkan sebagai tempat untuk menerapkan metrik. Kemudian, klik "Definisi
Kustom" dan "Metrik Kustom". Selanjutnya, klik "Metrik Kustom Baru".
Anda juga dapat menetapkan nilai minimum dan maksimum yang menentukan
apakah Analytics akan memproses metrik ini dan menyertakannya dalam
laporan. Ini dapat membantu mencegah terkumpulnya nilai besar atau kecil
secara tidak sengaja dan memengaruhi pelaporan. Karena kita tidak ingin
rentang melampaui 1, kita dapat menetapkan nilai minimum 0 dan nilai
maksimal 2.
Anda akan diarahkan ke layar ringkasan tempat Anda dapat melihat semua
Metrik Kustom yang telah disiapkan di properti. Perhatikan bahwa, sama
seperti "Sasaran" dan "Dimensi Kustom", Google Analytics memberikan
indeks (atau nomor slot) untuk setiap Metrik Kustom yang Anda buat.
Perhatikan bahwa Anda tidak dapat memilih nomor indeks yang ditetapkan;
semuanya ditetapkan sesuai urutan pembuatannya.
Jika Anda menggunakan Metrik Kustom bersama dengan dimensi tingkat sesi
seperti "sumber/media", pikirkan klik spesifik mana yang akan menyebabkan
peningkatan Metrik Kustom. Jika hanya ingin Metrik Kustom meningkat sekali
per sesi, Anda dapat mendesain pengumpulan data sesuai kondisi.
Setelah membuat dimensi atau metrik khusus di properti, Anda juga harus
mengubah kode pelacakan. Hal ini harus dilakukan oleh pengembang
terkualifikasi. Ikuti petunjuk di Panduan Developer untuk lingkungan khusus
Anda:
Dimensi dan metrik kustom tidak dapat dihapus setelah dibuat, tetapi Anda
dapat kembali ke setelan berikut di akun untuk mengelola dan mengeditnya.
Untuk berhenti menggunakan dimensi kustom yang ada, hapus centang pada
kotak Aktif, dan klik Simpan.
Cara menyiapkan Pelacakan Peristiwa
Pelacakan Peristiwa adalah cara bagus untuk mengetahui apakah pengguna
berinteraksi dengan situs Anda dan melakukan tindakan yang diinginkan.
Google Merchandise Store, misalnya, dapat melacak klik pada menu navigasi
global untuk lebih memahami cara pengguna menjelajahi situsnya.
Perhatikan cara Anda memberi nama pada kategori, tindakan, dan label, jadi
saat muncul dalam laporan, data peristiwa akan mudah dipahami oleh Anda
dan orang lain.
Total Peristiwa dihitung sebagai jumlah total interaksi dengan elemen yang
dilacak, sedangkan Peristiwa Unik adalah jumlah pengguna yang telah
memicu peristiwa tersebut. Jadi, jika pengguna mengklik navigasi Google
Merchandise Store untuk "Tas" 5 kali dalam 1 sesi, jumlah total klik link untuk
peristiwa tersebut adalah "5", namun jumlah Peristiwa Unik akan dihitung
sebagai "1".
Anda akan melihat metrik untuk Total Peristiwa, Peristiwa Unik, serta
Peristiwa dan Nilai Rata-rata (jika berlaku) untuk setiap kategori peristiwa
yang disiapkan. Anda dapat membuka kategori, tindakan, atau label hanya
dengan mengklik link navigasi di bagian atas laporan tabel.
Jika mengklik Kategori, Anda dapat melihat Tindakan terkait. Ini dapat
membantu Anda melihat berbagai kondisi interaksi yang dilacak untuk
Kategori di 1 tempat.
Jika mengklik tindakan, Anda dapat melihat label yang dikaitkan dengan
tindakan tersebut.
Penggunaan canggih lainnya untuk peristiwa adalah melacak klik link keluar
yang menjauh dari situs Anda.
Kita dapat menyiapkan pelacakan peristiwa pada tombol ini dengan kategori
"Link keluar", tindakan "Chat Langsung", dan label "Beranda" (atau di mana
saja tombol chat langsung diklik). Dengan begitu, kita dapat mengetahui
berapa kali tombol chat langsung diklik dan dari halaman mana. Kemudian,
kita dapat mengetahui halaman web mana yang menyebabkan pengguna
mencari bantuan dan berusaha untuk lebih mengoptimalkan halaman
tersebut.
Anda harus mempertimbangkan peristiwa yang ingin dilacak untuk memberi
Anda analisis tentang perilaku pelanggan di situs. Jika sasaran Anda adalah
meningkatkan interaksi, Anda dapat berfokus pada pelacakan tindakan yang
menunjukkan bagaimana pengguna menjelajahi situs dan berinteraksi dengan
konten Anda. Anda dapat menggunakan pelacakan peristiwa untuk lebih
memahami perilaku pengguna, terutama untuk situs dan bisnis Anda secara
keseluruhan.
Menggunakan segmen kustom untuk
analisis
Klik "Tambahkan Segmen", yang memungkinkan Anda menambahkan atau
membuat segmen baru.
Pastikan rentang tanggal ditetapkan ke: 1 Feb 2016 - 29 Februari 2016. Untuk
membandingkan data ini dengan jangka waktu sebelumnya, klik pemilih
tanggal, centang kotak "Bandingkan dengan", lalu pilih "Periode sebelumnya".
Klik Terapkan.
Hal ini adalah beberapa contoh cara menggunakan segmen untuk analisis
untuk memenuhi sasaran bisnis Anda. Tentukan segmen dan segmen kustom
mana yang dapat membantu Anda meneliti audiens dan perilakunya dengan
paling tepat.
Menggunakan laporan Funnel
Multisaluran untuk analisis
Model Atribusi
Untuk membantu Anda agar tidak terpaku pada atribusi klik terakhir, Google
Analytics memiliki serangkaian laporan yang disebut laporan Funnel
Multisaluran - atau MCF. Laporan ini dapat memberi tahu Anda apa peran yang
dimainkan aktivitas pemasaran sebelumnya dalam proses konversi. Saluran
yang berkontribusi terhadap konversi sebelum interaksi terakhir akan
dikreditkan dengan "konversi terbantu".
Laporan MCF juga dapat menunjukkan durasi waktu yang dibutuhkan mulai
dari minat awal hingga pembelian. Data jalur konversi ini mencakup interaksi
di seluruh saluran digital secara virtual, termasuk penelusuran berbayar dan
organik, situs perujuk, afiliasi, jaringan sosial, dan kampanye email. Untuk
menggunakan funnel multisaluran, Anda harus menyiapkan Sasaran atau E-
commerce terlebih dahulu.
Dalam Laporan Ringkasan, Anda dapat melihat konversi total Store, serta
konversi berkat klik, konversi berkat tayangan, dan konversi terbantu
multimedia. Anda dapat melihat transaksi E-commerce atau Sasaran
individual jika telah menyiapkannya. Jika Anda telah menautkan akun Google
Ads, laporan juga akan menampilkan data Google Ads tertentu.
Anda juga dapat menyetel jendela lihat balik dengan waktu 1 sampai 90 hari.
Ini akan menentukan jangka waktu sebelum konversi digunakan dalam
laporan.
Laporan Konversi Terbantu menunjukkan jumlah total dan nilai uang dari
penjualan dan konversi terbantu yang dikelompokkan menurut saluran.
Semakin tinggi jumlahnya, semakin banyak saluran yang membantu
konversi. Anda dapat mengelompokkan ini menurut Hari Konversi, Hari
Sebelum Konversi, dan Posisi Jalur, yang merupakan jumlah interaksi yang
terlibat dalam konversi.
Pada tabel, kita dapat melihat dampak kampanye Penelusuran Berbayar dan
jumlah konversi yang didorongnya. Store dapat mempertimbangkan untuk
berinvestasi lebih banyak pada kampanye ini untuk mendorong kesadaran.
Anda juga harus menautkan akun Google Ads atau Display & Video 360 ke
Analytics.
Untuk memulai, klik "Admin", lalu klik "Definisi Audiens" di bagian properti
yang ingin Anda gunakan untuk daftar audiens ini.
Klik "Audiens".
Pilih tampilan dan akun yang Anda inginkan untuk mengaitkan daftar audiens.
Klik Langkah Berikutnya.
Sekarang, Anda dapat menentukan audiens dari daftar definisi audiens yang
telah dikonfigurasi sebelumnya. Anda dapat mengarahkan mouse ke tanda
tanya di samping masing-masing Audiens untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut
pengguna yang ditarget oleh Audiens tersebut. Jika Audiens diklik, Anda
dapat melihat estimasi pengguna pada audiens tersebut selama 7 hari
terakhir.
Anda dapat menetapkan berapa lama pengguna dapat melihat iklan
pemasaran ulang menggunakan durasi keanggotaan. Anda dapat menetapkan
Durasi keanggotaan untuk audiens dari 1 sampai 540 hari.
Jika ingin menetapkan audiens yang lebih spesifik bagi bisnis Anda, impor
Segmen yang akan digunakan sebagai basis untuk audiens tersebut. Klik
Impor Segmen, lalu pilih dari segmen yang tersedia di properti saat ini atau
buat audiens langsung dari pemilih segmen itu sendiri.
Anda juga dapat menentukan Audiens baru dari awal. Perhatikan bahwa
Pembuat Audiens sangat mirip dengan pembuat "Segmen Kustom". Google
Merchandise Store dapat memasarkan ulang kepada pengguna yang telah
melihat halaman produk merchandise Android. Anda dapat mengklik Kondisi
dari opsi di sebelah kiri dan membuat filter untuk sesi pada "halaman" yang
berisi "android".
Daftar audiens akan terisi di akun Google Ads atau Google Marketing Platform
yang Anda tautkan ke Analytics. Anda kemudian dapat menggunakan kedua
produk ini untuk membuat kampanye iklan bagi audiens spesifik tersebut.
Jika Audiens Anda di Analytics memenuhi persyaratan untuk pemasaran
ulang Penelusuran, Audiens tersebut akan valid untuk pemasaran ulang
Penelusuran dan Display di akun Google Ads. Daftar Audiens untuk iklan
Google Penelusuran harus memiliki setidaknya 1.000 pengguna sebelum
dapat digunakan. Perhatikan bahwa Audiens yang menyertakan dimensi
demografi Jaringan Display Google seperti "Usia, Gender, Minat" tidak
memenuhi syarat untuk pemasaran ulang Penelusuran.
Untuk menautkan akun Google Ads, login ke Merchant Center, lalu tambahkan
ID pelanggan Google Ads Anda.
Anda dapat membuat Audiens ini dengan cara yang sama seperti membuat
Audiens Pemasaran Ulang sebelumnya, dengan menggunakan segmen dari
Dimensi Kustom. Anda juga dapat mengimpor Audiens Pemasaran Ulang yang
sudah dikonfigurasi sebelumnya ke Akun Analytics berdasarkan vertical
bisnis dengan menggunakan link di bagian akhir pelajaran ini.
Selanjutnya, Anda harus mengemas data menjadi laporan yang dapat dibaca
untuk dikirim kepada pembuat keputusan yang akan memungkinkan mereka
membuat keputusan strategis penting. Hal ini sering mencakup
pengembangan dan distribusi Laporan Kustom dan dasbor.
Pengujian adalah tahap akhir proses. Di sinilah Anda mencoba berbagai solusi
atas masalah yang diidentifikasi dalam analisis untuk melihat apakah Anda
bisa membuat metrik selaras dengan harapan. Pengujian sangat penting
karena memungkinkan Anda menemukan peluang untuk peningkatan dan
memutuskan apa yang berhasil dan apa yang tidak. Kemudian, Anda dapat
mengulangi hal yang dipelajari dari proses ini untuk terus menyempurnakan
dan meningkatkan pemasaran.
Selamat menganalisis.