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This document contains worked problems related to quantum mechanics. It first derives the Balmer formula for the hydrogen spectrum from the quantum condition and Bohr formula. It then compares how de Broglie waves and light waves transform between reference frames relativistically and non-relativistically. Finally, it calculates the velocity and particle density needed to observe quantum degeneracy for atoms with mass 100 amu at 100 nK temperature.

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Matt Zachreson
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364 views3 pages

Quanthw 1

This document contains worked problems related to quantum mechanics. It first derives the Balmer formula for the hydrogen spectrum from the quantum condition and Bohr formula. It then compares how de Broglie waves and light waves transform between reference frames relativistically and non-relativistically. Finally, it calculates the velocity and particle density needed to observe quantum degeneracy for atoms with mass 100 amu at 100 nK temperature.

Uploaded by

Matt Zachreson
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHSCS 651

HW # 1

9/5/11

Matt Zachreson

Exercise 1.2
Assuming that the electron moves in a circular orbit in a Coulomb eld, derive the Balmer formula for the spectrum of hydrogenic atoms from the quantum condition pi dqi = ni h and the Bohr formula E = h When taken in radial coordinates, pi is constant therefore: pi dqi = p That gives allowed radii of: n h me v To nd v we can set the centripetal force equal to the Coulomb force: r= me v 2 ke e2 = 2 r r Plugging in r and solving for v gives: ve = ke e2 n h rd = 2pr = 2me vr = nh

Now using classical kinetic energy and the Bohr Formula: 1 2 2 E = h = me v2 v1 2 Now plugging in v and using h = c1 we get the equation that gives the Balmer series for n1 = 2: me (ke e)2 1 1 1 = 2 2 2 n2 n1 c h

Exercise 1.3
Compare the behavior of de Broglie waves for particles of mass m with the changes that the wavelength and frequency of light undergo as we look at a plane electromagnetic wave from a moving frame of reference. Non-relativistic

For the inertial observer: = For the non inertial observer:

h p

p = p mv = h h = = p p mv

The non-relativistic case presents a paradox. Relativistic Since is a length, we can use standard length contraction. Therefore between reference frames: = Momentum between reference frames is given by: p = p Therefore: = h h = = p p

So there is no contradiction when the equation is looked at relativistically. Since = , will also work in the relativistic case and not work in the non-relativistic c case.

Chapter 1: Problem 1
To what velocity would an electron (neutron) have to be slowed down, if its wavelength is to be 1 meter? Are matter waves of macroscopic dimensions a real possibility? Using the de Broglie wavelength equation and classical momentum, p = mv, gives: = Solving for v gives: h m Plugging in the proper masses and h gives v = 7.27 104 m/s for an electron and v = 3.96 107 m/s for a neutron. v= h mv

Chapter 1: Problem 2
For the observation of quantum mechanical Bose-Einstein condensation, the inter-particle distance in a gas of noninteracting atoms must be comparable to the de Broglie wavelength, or less. How high a particle density is needed to achieve these conditions if the atoms have a mass number A=100 and are at a temperature of 100 nanokelvin We can get the velocity of the particles through: 3 1 E = kT = mv 2 2 2 v= The number density will therefore be: 1 mv n= 3 = h
3

3kT m
3 2

3mkT h2

3 2

3k 100amu 1.00 107 K h2

= 1.96 1010 m3

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