Delhi Skill and

Entrepreneurship University

Diploma in
Electronics
Engineering

Syllabus Document

Effective From Academic Year 2023-24

PROGRAM SUMMARY

Diploma in Electronics Engineering is a three-year programme where the students are taught
about the study and application of electronics, electricity and electromagnetism. It is a form of
engineering associated with electronic circuits, devices and the equipment and systems that they
can use. This program has been designed to provide in-depth knowledge of theory & practicals
in the emerging & latest areas of electronics to meet the challenges of continuous technological
changes and sound knowledge of the latest areas. This course not only helps to acquire in-depth
knowledge in Electronics Engineering but also offers the opportunity to specialize in these
following four subfields.

(1) Communication Engineering

(2) Medical Electronics
(3) Digital Electronics
(4) Instrumentation & Control Engineering

PROGRAM VISION

● To create highly skilled, proficient, creative, innovative and entrepreneurial electronics

engineers having professional ethics, passion and competence to adapt the latest
transformations in technology.

● To enhance the technical capabilities of students through learning and practicing in the
relevant domain to become effective and successful technical engineers to cope-up with
the changing technical demand of the market and to build a better foundation of students
for higher studies.

PROGRAM OUTCOME

1. Basic Knowledge/Skills

a. Demonstrate knowledge of electronics engineering.

b. Demonstrate an ability to identify, formulate and solve industrial, community and
research problems.
c. Design and conduct experiments, as well as analyze and interpret data.
d. Design a System, Component, or Process to meet desired needs within realistic
constraints such as Economic, Environmental, Social, Ethical, Manufacturability,
and Sustainability.
e. Demonstrate skills to use modern devices, software and equipment to analyse
and solve problems.
f. Understand impact of Electrical engineering on societal and contemporary issues.
g. Demonstrate confidence to learn by self and exhibit ability for life-long learning.

2
2. Technical Skills

● Acquire the basic knowledge of analog electronics

● Acquire the basic knowledge of specialized communication engineering
● Acquire the basic knowledge and designing digital electronics
● Acquire the basic knowledge of microprocessor and microcontroller.
● Acquire the basic knowledge of specialization in communication engineering.
● Acquire the basic knowledge of specialization in medical electronics
● Acquire the basic knowledge of specialization in instrumentation & control
● Acquire the basic knowledge of specialization in digital electronics

3. Software Skill and Project Skills

Software Skill:

● Understand the basic fundamentals of IT

● Able to operate the computer efficiently
● Understand the computer programming in Python
● Write the computer programming in C++ or in JAVA

Project Skills:

● Design minor projects to enhance their practical knowledge and skills by

development of small electronics components, devices and circuitry and or based
on microprocessor based applications
● Prepare Industrial training reports by visiting different industries for solving live
problems faced in electronics industries by applying the knowledge and skills
obtained through the diploma course electronics.
● Design Major Project in the areas of Digital system design, microprocessor based
system, Software projects related to electronics field, Communication based
projects, any other project related to electronics industries.

4. Personality Traits and Ethics

● Understand human values and development of overall personality

● Develop ethical understanding

5. Soft Skills

● Acquire the basic knowledge of communication and life skills.

● Acquire the basic knowledge of reasoning and analytical skills.
● Acquire the knowledge of skills required to work in an organization.
● Learn skills such as adaptability, leadership, teamwork, time management,
emotional intelligence, and collaboration.

3
Credit Scheme

Semester I
Hours/week
Total
S. No. Course Code Course Name
L T O P Credits

Face the World Skills I

(Socio Emotional
1 FW-DP351 2 0 0 0 2
Learning & Digital
Literacy)
English
2 HS-021 3 0 0 0 3
Communication I
3 HS-051 Sports & Yoga 0 0 0 2 0
4 FC-011 Applied Mathematics I 3 1 0 0 4
5 FC-041 Workshop Project 0 0 0 2 1
Basic Sciences*
6 FC-PH051 2 0 0 2 3
(Applied Physics)
Basic Electrical
7 EC-FC103 3 0 0 4 5
Engineering
Fundamentals of
8 EC-FC104 3 0 0 2 4
Programming
Total 16 1 0 12 23

Semester II
Hours/week
Total
S. No. Course Code Course Name
L T O P Credits

Face the World Skills

II
1 FW-DP372 (Socio Emotional 2 0 0 0 2
Learning & Financial
Literacy)
English
2 HS-022 3 0 0 0 3
Communication II
Environmental
3 HS-011 1 0 0 0 1
Studies
Applied Mathematics
4 FC-012 3 1 0 0 4
II
Basic Engineering
5 FC-021 0 0 0 6 3
Graphics
6 EC-FC202 Electrical Machines 3 0 0 4 5
Electrical &
7 EC-FC203 0 0 0 4 2
Electronics Workshop
8 EC-PC201 Analog Electronics I 3 0 0 4 5
 Total 15 1 0 18 25

Semester III
Hours/week
Total
S. No. Course Code Course Name
L T O P Credits

Face the World Skills

III
1 FW-DP463 2 0 0 0 2
(Design Thinking &
Entrepreneurship)
Indian Constitution
2 HS-MC041 0 0 2 0 1
(MOOC)
3 EC-PC301 Analog Electronics II 3 0 0 4 5
4 EC-PC302 Digital Electronics 3 0 0 4 5
Network Analysis &
5 EC-PC303 3 0 0 4 5
Transmission Lines
Electronics
6 EC-PC304 Instruments & 3 0 0 4 5
Troubleshooting
PCB Design &
7 EC-PR301 0 0 0 2 1
Fabrication
Total 14 0 2 18 24

Semester IV
Hours/week
Total
S. No. Course Code Course Name
L T O P Credits

1 HS-403 Human Values 1 0 0 0 1

2 EC-PC401 Analog Electronics III 3 0 0 2 4
Microprocessors &
3 EC-PC402 3 0 0 2 4
Microcontrollers
Problem Solving using
4 EC-PC403 4 0 0 0 4
Python
Fundamentals of
5 EC-PE403 Communication 3 0 0 2 4
Engineering
6 EC-PR401 Minor Project 0 0 0 4 2
Total 14 0 0 10 19
 Semester V (Communication Engineering)
Hours/week
Total
S. No. Course Code Course Name
L T O P Credits

English
1 HS-023 2 0 0 0 2
Communication III
2 EC-PC501-C Consumer Electronics 3 0 0 4 5
3 EC-PE501-C Computer Networking 3 0 0 4 5
Electronic
4 EC-PE502-C Communication 3 0 0 4 5
Systems
5 EC-PE50X-C Elective I 3 0 0 4 5
6 EC-SI501-C Summer Internship 0 0 0 2 1
Total 14 0 0 18 23

Elective I (Communication Engineering) (Semester V)

Hours/week
Total
S. No. Course Code Course Name
L T O P Credits

Microwave
1 EC-PE503-C 3 0 0 4 5
Engineering
Optical Fiber
2 EC-PE504-C 3 0 0 4 5
Communication
Mobile
3 EC-PE505-C 3 0 0 4 5
Communication
4 EC-PE506-C VLSI Design 3 0 0 4 5

Semester V (Medical Electronics)

Hours/week
Total
S. No. Course Code Course Name
L T O P Credits

English
1 HS-023 2 0 0 0 2
Communication III
Fundamentals of
2 EC-PC501-M Communication 3 0 0 4 5
Engineering
Medical Imaging
3 EC-PE501-M 3 0 0 4 5
Instruments
Therapeutic
4 EC-PE502-M 3 0 0 4 5
Equipment
Hospital Engineering
5 EC-PE503-M 3 0 0 4 5
& Design
6 EC-SI501-M Summer Internship 0 0 0 2 1
 Total 14 0 0 18 23

Semester V (Instrumentation and Control)

Hours/week
Total
S. No. Course Code Course Name
L T O P Credits

English
1 HS-023 2 0 0 0 2
Communication III
Industrial
2 EC-PE501-I 3 0 0 4 5
Instrumentation
Control System
3 EC-PE502-I 3 0 0 4 5
Engineering
Process Components
4 EC-PE503-I 3 0 0 4 5
and Control
PLC, SCADA & Digital
5 EC-PE504-I 3 0 0 4 5
Control
6 EC-SI501-I Summer Internship 0 0 0 2 1
Total 14 0 0 18 23

Semester V (Digital Electronics)

Hours/week
Total
S. No. Course Code Course Name
L T O P Credits

English
1 HS-023 2 0 0 0 2
Communication III
2 EC-PE501-D Digital System Design 3 0 0 4 5
3 EC-PE502-D VLSI Design 3 0 0 4 5
Computer Hardware &
4 EC-PE503-D 3 0 0 4 5
Peripherals
5 EC-PE50X-D Elective I 3 0 0 4 5
6 EC-SI501-D Summer Internship 0 0 0 2 1
Total 14 0 0 18 23

Elective I (Digital Electronics) (Semester V)

Hours/week
Total
S. No. Course Code Course Name
L T O P Credits

Communication
1 EC-PE504-D 3 0 0 4 5
System
Maintenance and
2 EC-PE505-D 3 0 0 4 5
Troubleshooting of
 Equipment
Microprocessor Based
3 EC-PE506-D 3 0 0 4 5
System Design
SEMESTER I

13
 Basic Electrical Engineering
Semester I
Course Code: EC-FC103
Course Title: Basic Electrical Engineering
Number of Credits: Total: 4.5

RATIONALE

The objective of this course is to teach students about the principles of different electrical
quantities such as voltage, current, resistance, power, energy and frequency to impact the
technology in a global and societal context. This course provides the working knowledge for
analysis of basic DC and AC circuits used in electrical and electronic devices. It gives the
knowledge to determine electrical quantities in electrical circuits containing resistance,
inductance and capacitance. It also provides the principle of magnetism and study of basic
measuring instruments.

LEARNING OUTCOME

On completion of the course, students will be able:

● To predict the behaviour of any electrical and magnetic circuits

● To formulate and solve complex AC and DC circuits
● To measure voltage, current and power with the help of electrical meter
● To define series circuits and their properties
● To define parallel circuits and their properties
● To acquire basic knowledge of measuring instruments such as voltmeter and ammeter

COURSE CONTENT

Unit-I: Electrostatics (4 Hrs)

● Coulomb’s law, Electric field, Electric intensity, Electric lines of force in simple charge
configuration.
● Gauss’s Theorem (no proof), field around a charged conductor.
● Concept of potential difference, potential due to a point charge.
● Concept of capacitance and capacitors, units of capacitance,
capacitor ratings.
● Parallel plate capacitors and their capacitance.
● Concept of dielectric and its effect on capacitance.
● Series and parallel combination of capacitors, simple problems of capacitors.

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Unit-II: DC Circuits (10 Hrs)

● Concept and units of electric current.

● Ohm’s law, concept of resistance and conductance. Their units and
dependence on temperature in a conductor.
● Power and energy in an electric current.
● Kirchhoff’s voltage and current laws, their application in simple DC circuits.
● Series and parallel combination of resistors, wattage consideration, simple problems.
● Solving simple DC circuits

Unit-III: Magnetism (8 Hrs)

● Magnetism, Nature of Magnetism, Magnetic field, Lines of Magnetic flux, Coulomb's law.
● Analogy between Electric and magnetic circuits
● Magnetic effect of electric current, work law & its application, Biot Savart’s law.
● Field outside a long current carrying conductor.
● Force between two current carrying parallel conductors.
● Faraday’s laws, Lenz’s law and rules of electromagnetic induction, principles of self and
mutual induction. Self and mutual induces emf, simple numerical problems.

Unit- IV AC Theory (7 Hrs)

● Concept of alternating voltage and current, difference between AC and DC.

● Concept of cycle, frequency, period, amplitude, Instantaneous value, average value, and
peak value, form factor.
● Equation and sinusoidal waveform representation of alternating quantities, concept of
phase difference.

Unit-V Voltage and current sources & Measuring Instruments (10 Hrs)

● Concept of constant voltage source, symbol and graphical representation,

characteristics of ideal and practical voltage sources.
● Concept of constant current source, symbol, characteristics and graphical
representation of ideal and practical current sources.
● Equivalence of current and voltage sources.
● Electrical Instruments, Essentials of Indicating type Instruments.
● Difference between ammeter and voltmeter.
● Extension of their range and simple numerical problems.
● Measurement of power using Wattmeter

LIST OF PRACTICALS

● Verification of Ohm’s law.

● To verify Req = R1+ R2+ R3+Rn in circuit, where R1, R2, R3…… are in series.
● To verify 1/Req = 1/R1+ 1/R2+ 1/R3 +……… in a circuit, where R1, R2, R3-…........are in

15
 parallel.
● To verify Kirchhoff’s first law.
● To verify Kirchhoff’s second law.
● To measure the (very low) resistance of ammeter and (very high) resistance of voltmeter.
● Conversion of galvanometer into (i) ammeter and (ii) voltmeter.
● To verify Leq = L1+L2+L3+……, where L1,L2,L3,…………..are connected in series.
● To verify 1/Leq = 1/L1+1/L2+1/L3+…..where L1, L2,L3,……….. are connected in
parallel.
● To verify Ceq = C1+C2+C3+…. Where C1, C2, C3…are connected in parallel.
● To verify 1/Ceq = 1/C1+1/C2+1/C3+…… Where C1,C2,C3……, are connected in series.

READINGS

● Gupta, J. B., Manglik, R., & Manglik, R. Basic Electricity. S.K.Kataria& Sons
● Mittal, V. N., & Mittal, A. Basic Electrical Engineering. Mcgraw Hill Education
● Sahdev, S. K. Basic Electrical Engineering. Pearsons
● Gupta, J. B., & Kataria, S. K. Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering. S.K. Kataria &
Sons.
● Meena, R., & Sharma, R. Basic Electricity. Suhavi’s King India

OPEN SOURCE/ONLINE RESOURCES

● www.electrical4u.com/
● www.udemy.com/course/fundamentals-of-transformer-for-electrical-power-engineering/
● www.nptelvideos.in/electricalengineering/m
● www.classcentral.com/course/swayam-fundamentals of electrical engineering
● https: // galgotia college.edu
● https://www.payback.in

16
 FUNDAMENTALS OF PROGRAMMING

SEMESTER I

Course Code EC-FC104

Course Title Fundamentals of Programming

No. of Credits Total: 4

RATIONALE

This course provides the need for high-level languages, particularly C and programming
paradigms. It is familiar with the program-development environment and development of simple
programs in C. It provides the need and role of data structures such as arrays and strings,
functions and pointers, structures and files in C –program development.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After Completion of the course the student will be able to:

● Solve the common problems using Computers

● Analyze a computational problem and develop an algorithm/flowchart to find its solution
● Understand the syntax of C programming
● Understand looping statements and experiment using simple programs..
● Familiarization of different types of arrays and writing simple programs.
● Have knowledge in different types of functions and writing of simple programs
● Describe and differentiate between structure and unions to write simple programs.

COURSE CONTENTS

Unit 1. PROBLEM SOLVING USING COMPUTERS

Introduction to problem solving: Some common problems that are solved using computers like
rail/air ticket reservation, online purchases and utility bill payments. Defining the problem.
Algorithms: Definition, Characteristics, Advantages. Flow charts: Definition, symbols used,
Advantages. Coding and choice of proper computer language. Testing and Debugging. Analyze
a computational problem and develop an algorithm/flowchart to find its solution (6 Hrs)

Unit 2. PROGRAMMING IN C

Structure of C program Constants, Variables, Keywords, Operators and Precedence Input/Output

statements, Assignment statements, Preprocessor directives, Compilation process Decision
making statements-Switch Statement-Looping Statements (8Hrs)

Unit 3. ARRAYS AND STRINGS

17
Introduction to Arrays: Declaration, Initialization of one dimensional array ,Multi dimensional
arrays Strings and standard operations: length, compare, concatenate, copy (8Hrs)

Unit 4. FUNCTIONS AND POINTERS

Need for functions: Function prototype, function definition, function call, Built-in functions,
Recursion. Declaration of Pointers , Pointer arithmetic, Arrays and pointers , Array of pointers ,
Pass by value, Pass by reference (6hrs)

Unit 5. Structures

Need for structure data type. Creating and accessing elements of structures Pointer and
Structures, Array of structures Dynamic memory allocation,type of Unions, difference between
Union and Structure data types (6Hrs)

Unit 6. Files

Need for files.Creating a file, opening, reading and closing files, types of file processing:
Sequential access, Random access. Command line arguments (5Hrs)

LIST OF PRACTICALS

● Determine average of two integers

● Find the largest number in an array of 10 numbers
● Determine volume of sphere
● Determine roots of quadratic equation
● Implement a calculator with basic arithmetic functions using switch-case.
● Determine whether given string is palindrome
● Program to add two matrices and display result
● Implement function that multiply two integers
● Implement function that swap integers using pass by reference
● Create a structure Student that contains name, roll number and marks obtained
Determine the grade and generate the mark sheet ]
● Read and display the contents of a file
● Copy the contents of a file to another fill.

REFERENCE BOOKS

(1) Programming with ANSI-C by Balaguruswamy, Tata Mcgraw Hill

(2) Programming with ANSI & Turbo C, by C. Ashok Kamthane, Pearson Education

(3) Let us , by Yashavant P Kanetkar, BPB Publication

(4) Programming in C by Dr.B. Subbulakshmi and G.JosephineShanthi, Charulatha

publications

(5) Programming in C and Data Structures by P.B. Kotur, Sapna Book House

18
Open source software and website address:

● http://www. Learn-c.org
● https://www.udemy.com/
● https://www.edube.org/e-learning-c/free
● https://www.programitz.com
● https://www.edx.org
● https://www.coursera.org
● https://alison.com
● https://www.freecodecamp.org
● http://spoketutorial.org/tutorialsearch/?search_foss=C+and+Cpp&search_language=Englis
h
● http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/
● http://www.indiabix.com/online-test/c-programming-test/

19
SEMESTER II

20
 Electrical Machines
Semester II
Course Code: EC-FC202
Course Title: Electrical Machines
Number of Credits: 4.5

RATIONALE

Electrical Machines is a subject where a student will deal with various types of electrical
machines which are employed in industries, power stations, domestic and commercial
appliances etc. After studying this subject a student will be able to present a problem oriented
introductory knowledge of electrical machines. Students will be able to explain electromechanical
energy conversion and different parts of electrical machines. .Practical aspects of the subject will
make the students capable of performing various tests on the machines as per latest BIS
specifications.

LEARNING OUTCOME

On completion of the course, students will be able:

● To acquire the basic knowledge of energy conversion principle

● To acquire the basic knowledge of electrical machines
● To acquire the knowledge about the principle of DC Generator and DC Motor
● To acquire the knowledge about the principle of DC Generator and DC Motor
● To acquire the knowledge about the principle of Single Phase and Three Phase
Transformers.

COURSE CONTENT

Unit- I Transformers (9 Hrs)

a. Principles of operation and constructional details of single phase

transformer, core type and small type transformers
b. Voltage regulation of transformer
c. Losses in transformer
d. Efficiency, condition for maximum efficiency and all day efficiency
e. Auto transformers and instrument transformers (CT and PT)

Unit- II Electrical Machines, DC Motor & generator and AC Motor & generator (16 Hrs)

a. Introduction
b. Definition of motor and generator
c. Basic principles of generator and motor
d. Torque due to alignment of two magnets and the concept of torque angle
e. Basic electromagnetic laws

f. Main constructional features and principles of working of DC motor

g. Function of the commutator for motoring and generating action

21
 h. Factors determining induced emf
i. Factors determining electromagnetic torque
j. Relationship between terminal voltage and induced emf
k. Factors determining the speed of a DC motor
l. Different types of excitation
m. Applications of DC machines

Unit- III Single Phase and Fractional Kilowatt Motors (9 Hrs)

a. Introduction, Principle of operation of single phase motors, types of single phase motors
and their constructional details (split phase, capacitor start, capacitor start and run,
shades pole)
b. A.C. series Motors or Universal motors.
c. Introduction to servo-motors and stepper motors.

Unit- IV Three Phase Supply and Three phase motors (5 Hrs)

a. Advantages of three phase supply over single phase system

b. Star-Delta connections
c. Relation between phase and line values of voltages in a three phase system
d. Brief introduction about three phase induction motors, its principle of Operation
e. Types of induction motors and their applications.

LIST OF PRACTICALS

● Conversion of galvanometer into ammeter and voltmeter.

● To perform Open circuit test on a single phase transformer
● To perform Short circuit test on a single phase transformer
● To determine the efficiency of a single phase transformer and draw its equivalent circuit.
● To measure the induced emf of a separately excited DC generator as a function of field
current.
● To measure the terminal voltage of a separately excited DC generator as a function of
load current.
● To measure the terminal voltage of a DC shunt generator as a function of load current.
● To observe and study switching on a single phase capacitor start an induction motor with
the capacitor disconnected.
● To observe and study switching on a single phase capacitor start an induction motor with
the capacitor connected.
● To determine how to reverse the direction of rotation of switching on a single phase
capacitor start induction motor

TEACHING APPROACH

22
Brief ideas of different machines with physical demonstration in the laboratory are given at the
beginning of each chapter. Audiovisual aids can be used to explain the operational aspects.
Students are encouraged to carry out practical training independently on each machine for their
better understanding.

REFERENCES

1. Bhattacharya, S. K. Electrical machines. Tata Mcgraw Hill, New Delhi

2. Husain, A. Electrical machines. Dhanpat Rai & Co.
3. Sahdev, S. K. Electrical machines. Unique International Publications, Jalandhar
4. Nagrath, I. J., & Kothari, D. P. (2017). Electrical machines. Tata Mcgraw Hill, New Delhi
5. Gupta, S. B. Electrical machines. SK Kataria and Sons, New Delhi

OPEN SOURCE/ONLINE RESOURCES

● www.udemy.com/course/fundamentals-of-transformer-for-electrical-power-engineering/
● www.electrical4u.com/
● www.classcentral.com/course/swayam-electrical-machines-iitd-14030
● https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-cience/6-685-electric-mahi
nes-fall-2013/
● www.nptelvideos.in/electricalengineering/m

23
 Analog Electronics- I
Semester II
Course Code: EC-PC201
Course Title: Analog Electronics-I
Number of Credits: Total: 4.5

RATIONALE

The course provides the students with basic understanding of the principles of common
electronic devices and circuits of importance. The knowledge regarding application of various
circuits and devices. Practical experience in the design, fabrication and testing of circuits.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After Completion of the course the student will be able to:

● To acquire a basic knowledge in passive components and solid state electronics including
diodes, BJT, and FET.
● To develop the ability to analyse and design analog electronic circuits using discrete
components.
● To observe the amplitude and frequency responses of common amplification circuits.
● To design, construct, and take measurement of various analog circuits to compare
experimental results in the laboratory with theoretical analysis

COURSE CONTENT

UNIT 1. Electronic components (8 Hrs)

a. Classification of Materials based on electric conduction, atomic structure and energy

band diagram of conductors, insulators and semiconductors. Thermal and electrical
properties of conductors, insulators and semiconductors. Extrinsic semiconductors and
their atomic structure and energy band diagrams. Transport of charge carriers in
semiconductors. Electrical and thermal properties of extrinsic semiconductors.
b. Active and Passive components, Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor: Definition,
Construction, Classification and Usage.
c. Transformers: Definition, step-up and step-down transformers, Voltage current relation.
d. Familiarization with Data sheets of wire wound resistor, carbon resistor, electrolytic
capacitor, mica capacitor.

UNIT 2. Diodes and applications (8 Hrs)

a. P – N Junction Diode, Mechanism of current flow in P- N Junction, P – N Junction Diode

characteristics, Zener and Avalanche Breakdown, Diode Resistance, Concept of Junction
Capacitance in forward and reverse bias condition, Ideal Diode, P-N junction diode as a
Rectifier, Half wave, Full wave and Bridge rectifier. Harmonic components in a rectifier
circuit, Inductor and Capacitor filter, L-section and Pi Filter Circuits.

24
b. Special Purpose Diodes: characteristics and applications of the following diodes:
Schottky Diode, Varactor Diode, LED, Photodiode, voltage regulation using Zener Diode.
Familiarization with Data sheets of all the above diodes.

UNIT 3. Bipolar Junction Transistor (10 Hrs)

Device Structure, NPN and PNP Transistor, Modes of Operation, Transistor Current
Components, CE, CC and CB Configurations, Input – Output Characteristics and
Comparison. Concept of DC Load Line and Operating Point. Transistor as a switch.
Familiarization with Data sheets of typical NPN and PNP transistors

UNIT 4. Transistor Biasing & Amplifier (10 Hrs)

a. Need for Biasing, Stabilization, and Stability factor. Various biasing circuits: Analysis,
Merits and Demerits. Design of a voltage divider biasing circuit with numerical.

b. Transistor as an amplifier, Single stage amplifier circuit, Analysis of Transistor circuit

using resistance model, Gains: current, voltage and power. Input and Output Impedance.
Phase reversal, AC load line, Numerical on load line, current, voltage and power gains.

UNIT 5. FET (6 Hrs)

Construction, Operation, characteristics, equivalent circuits and application of the

following: JFET, Depletion type MOSFET and Enhancement type MOSFET. Comparison
of JFET with BJT. FET as an amplifier. Familiarization with Data sheets of typical JFET
and MOSFET.

LIST OF PRACTICAL

Lab equipment required: Breadboards, Digital Multimeter, analog multimeter, DSO, regulated
power supply, function generator , ac millimetre.

● Identification of active and passive components

● Familiarization with digital multimeter, analog multimeter, DSO, regulated power supply,
signal generator and measurement of voltage, current, resistance and frequency using
them
● Plotting VI characteristics of pn diode and Zener diode
● Plotting of output voltage waveform using half wave rectifier without and with filters
● Plotting of output voltage waveform using centre tapped rectifier without and with filters
● Plotting of output voltage waveform using bridge rectifier without and with filters
● Plotting of input and output characteristics and calculation of voltage gain,current gain,
output impedance, input impedance of a transistor in CE configuration
● Plotting of input and output characteristics and calculation of voltage gain,current gain,
output impedance, input impedance of a transistor in CC configuration
● Measurement of operating point (Ic and VCE ) for a potential divider biasing circuit
● Calculation of voltage gain at 1KHz and measurement of input and output impedance of a
single-stage CE amplifier
● Plotting of FET VI characteristics and determining the input and output impedance, voltage
gain, current gain.

25
REFERENCES/SUGGESTED LEARNING RESOURCES

(a) Books

1. Anand, M. L. Electronic Devices and Circuits. Katson Books

2. Gupta, J. B. Electronic Devices and Circuits. Katson Books
3. Bhargava, N. N., Kulshreshtha, D. C., & Gupta, S. C. Basic Electronics and Linear Circuits.
Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi
4. Millman, J., & Grabel, A. MicroElectronics. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
5. Millman, J., & Halkias, C. C. Integrated Electronics. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi

(b) Open source software and website address:

● https://www.vlab.co.in
● http://www.electroschematics.com
● http://bestengineeringprojects.com
● https://circuitdigcst.com
● http://www.circuitsgallery.com
● www.youtube.com /analog circuits

26
 Electrical & Electronics Workshop
Semester II
Course Code: EC-FC 204
Course Title: Electrical and Electronics Workshop
Number of Credits: Total: 2

RATIONALE

This subject is the gateway to the technological/industrial processes. The mental and manual
abilities will be developed to handle engineering materials with hand tools with quality safety
consciousness.The Elementary abilities developed in carpentry, fitting sheet metal and jointing
shops earlier and in electric & electronics shops during this study will find applications in other
subjects. The emphasis given on practical work will provide the students the primary experience
of working in a team.

LEARNING OUTCOME

After finishing of this course, students are able to

● Identify and familiarization of different electronic instruments
● Identify and familiarization of different electronic tools and electronic components
● To acquire the knowledge of different soldering and desoldering techniques
● To acquire the knowledge of the joining, mounting and dismantling methods of different
cables/plugs/switches/protective devices
● To acquire the knowledge in demonstration of Voltmeter, Ammeter, Multi-meter (Digital
and analog) & Energymeter

COURSE CONTENT

Electronics Workshop

1. Identification and familiarization with the following electronic instruments:

a) Multimeter digital (Three and half digit)
b) CRO (Single Beam/Dual Trace /DSO) function of every knob on the front panel
c) Audio-oscillator sine and square wave output
d) Power supply fixed voltage and variable voltage, single output as well as dual output

2. Identification and familiarization with commonly used tools, statement of their uses.
Identification and familiarization with active and passive components; color code and
types of resistor and potentiometers (including VDR, LDR and thermistor); some small
practical exercises on measurement of these components; identification of diode and
transistor terminals. Identification of other components including LED, FET, Coils, relays,
switches (SPDT,DPDT,etc) connectors, micro-switches, read relays, transformers
(mains, audio and RF etc.). Linear and Digital IC’s, etc.
3. Studyofwires&cablesanddeveloptechnicalskilltocut, strip, join, and insulate two lengths of
wires/cables. Colour code for cables or wires
4. To develop technical skill to connect/solder/crimp different kinds of wires/cables
(included shielded cable). Introduction of PCB and Breadboard

27
 5. Study of soldering techniques:
a. Various tools for Soldering (Soldering iron, Soldering station or
temperature control soldering iron), Exposure to Modern SolderingProcess
b. Soldering material (solder wire, flux, cleaning fluid)
c. Develop skill to cut, bend, insert and solder components (resistance,
Resistors, Capacitors, diodes, transistors, I.F.T types coil, IC’s etc.) on
aPCB
d. Demonstrate the skill to assemble components on PCB, writing of a small
Ckt on a PCB.

6. Study of De-SolderingTechniques:
a. Various tools for Desoldering (Desoldering Pump, Desoldering Gun,
Desoldering strip/wick), Exposure to modern Desoldering Process
b. Demonstrate the skill to remove and clean the components, wires from a
given equipment orPCB

7. Soldering and Desoldering of SMD components

SUGGESTIONS FOR ACHIEVEMENT OF OBJECTIVES

For making students familiar with electronic components (active as well as passive), tools,
accessories, equipment (listed above) tutorial lessons should be used. The students must be
taken to an electronics laboratory and taught rating limitations, symbols, connection procedures.
The workshop practice period should be used for gaining familiarity by physical examination,
testing, writing, mounting, connecting and joining exercises. General purpose equipment listed
above should be operated and used by them. Such parameters as amplitude, frequency phase,
time period, rise and fall time of pulse waveforms, transistor parameters, circuit resistance should
be measured by students in the laboratory.

The situation requiring the use of low power and high power soldering irons and tips should be
discussed and should be a part of training.

The use of Desoldering wick, Desoldering tool, solder sucker, Desoldering of ICS and multi-pin
components need to be taught. Variety of soldering exercises involving different types of wires
and cables should be included as practice work.

JOB: To design a fixed power supply on a breadboard.

Electric Workshop

● Demonstrations of tools commonly used in ElectricShop

● Safety precaution, electric shock treatment
● DemonstrationsofcommonElectricmateriallike:wires,fuse ceiling fans, batteries, cleats
and allied items.
● Demonstrate (or explain) the joining (or connecting) method or /and mounting and
dismantling method as well as uses of the items mentioned below:

28
 1. Various types of single, multi-colored insulated screened pour, Audio video,
general purpose wire/cables.
2. Various types of plugs, sockets, connectors suitable for general purpose audio
video use. Some of such connectors are : 3 and 3 pin mains plugs and sockets,
Banana plugs and sockets, BNG, RCA, DIN, UHG, Ear phone speaker
connector, telephone jacks and similar male and female connectors and terminal
strips.
3. Various types of switches such as : normal/miniature toggle, slide, push button
piano key, rotary, SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT, band selector, multiway Master
MainsSwitch.
4. Various types of protective devices such as : Wire fuse, cartridge fuse, slow
acting/fast acting fuse, HRC fuse, single/multi-pole miniature circuit breakers,
over and under current relays.

● Demonstration of Voltmeter, Ammeter, Multi-meter (Digital and analog) & Energymeter.

a. Job: Control of one lamp by switch/two switches
b. Job: controls of one socket by one switch & two socket by two switches
c. Job: Control of one bell by oneswitch
d. Job: Assemble a Tube light
e. Job: Writing practice in batten wiring, plastic casing-capping and conduit.

REFERENCE BOOKS

● Singh, R. P. Electrical Workshop. I.K. International

● Rathore, U., & Sharma, N. K. Electrical Workshop Practices. S.K. Kataria & Sons
publishers
● Khurmi, R. S., & Gupta, J. K .A TextBook of Workshop Technology. SChand publishers.

OPEN SOURCE/ONLINE RESOURCES

● https://www.izito.co.in › Online Electronics Shop ›

● https://las.gnome.org › electrical-and-electronics-workshop.
● https://www.skyfilabs.com/electronics-courses-and-workshops
● https://www.skyfilabs.com/electrical-courses-and-workshops

29
SEMESTER III

30
 Analog Electronics - 2
Semester III
Course Code: EC-PC301
Course Title: Analog Electronics - II
Number of Credits: Total: 4.5

RATIONALE

Analog Electronic-II course will enable the students to understand the applications of various
electronic components such as BJT (Low Frequency and High Frequency) and circuits such as
Multistage Transistor Amplifier, Feedback amplifier, Oscillators, Power Amplifiers, Operational
Amplifier, Tuned Amplifiers and Sinusoidal Oscillators. Practical exercises of this course would
enable the students to understand the concepts they study in theory.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

After completion of the course, the students will be able to:

● Understand the BJT in different configurations and its Hybrid model
● Explain different type of coupling schemes for multistage transistor amplifier
● Explain working of different types of power amplifiers and their applications.
● Explain different types of feedback circuit and effect of feedback on circuit.
● understand the concept of resonance circuit and type of resonance circuit.
● explain the parameters and applications of operational amplifier
● explain the working principle of different types of oscillators and applications of various
types of oscillators

DETAILED CONTENTS

1. Low Frequency and High frequency Operation of BJT (6Hrs)

Transistor as a two-port device; h-parameter model for CE, CB and CC configurations;
approximate h-parameter model for CE,CB and CC configuration;,small signal
performance analysis using h-parameter model and approximate h-parameter model;
Hybrid-Pi CE transistor model; justification of various circuit components in model; Miller
effect; CE short circuit current gain at high frequency;gain-bandwidth product; overall
frequency response of CE amplifier.

2. Multistage Transistor Amplifier (6Hrs)

Need of multistage amplifier; different coupling schemes and their working; brief mention
of application of every type of coupling; working of R-C coupled and transformer coupled
multistage amplifier; approximate calculation of voltage gain of two stage R-C coupled
amplifier;frequency response for R-C coupled amplifier;transformer-coupled transistor
amplifier – operation, advantages and disadvantages- Direct-coupled amplifier and its
limitation; differential amplifier and its working; Band-pass characteristics of cascaded
amplifiers.

31
 3. Power Amplifiers (6Hrs)
Difference between voltage and power amplifiers; importance of impedance matching in
power amplifiers; collector efficiency of power amplifiers;typical single-ended power
amplifier and its working; graphical method of calculation of output power; heat
dissipation curve and importance of heat sinks; Class-A, Class-B and Class-C power
amplifier; collector efficiency in class A,B and C amplifiers (without derivations); working
principles of push- pull amplifier circuit and its advantages over single-ended power
amplifier, harmonic distortion in power amplifiers and determination of harmonic
distortion; crossover distortion in Class B operation and its reduction;different driver
stages for push pull amplifier circuit;working principle of complementary symmetry
push-pull circuit and its advantages.

4. Feedback in Amplifier (5Hrs)

Concept of feedback;positive and negative feedback;types of negative feedback;effect of
feedback on input impedance, output impedance, distortion, bandwidth and gain;typical
feedback circuits - RC coupled amplifier with and without emitter bypass capacitor;
Emitter follower and its application, simple mathematical analysis for voltage gain and
input and output impedance of above circuits.

5. Tuned Amplifiers (4Hrs)

Need for tuned amplifiers;series and parallel resonant circuits; expression for resonant
frequency; expression for impedance at resonance; relationship between resonant
frequency, Q and bandwidth (no derivation);classification of tuned amplifiers;
Single-Tuned amplifier and its frequency response;cascading tuned amplifiers and its
effect in frequency response; Stagger tuned amplifier.

6. Operational Amplifier (6Hrs)

Characteristics of ideal operational amplifier and its block diagram; definition of inverting
and non-inverting inputs, differential voltage gain, input offset current, input bias current,
common mode rejection (CMRR), Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) and Slew
rate;method of offset, Null Adjustment;Opamp as an inverter, Scale changer, Adder,
Subtractor, Differentiator, Integrator. Schmitt trigger circuit, time-base generator circuit,
S/H switch circuit,Zero crossing detector, Logarithmic amplifier.

7. Sinusoidal Oscillators (6Hrs)

Positive feedback and generation of oscillations;Tank circuit for generation of oscillations;
RC phase shift oscillator, Hartley oscillator, Colpitts oscillator, ,Wein Bridge oscillator and
Crystal oscillator and their working principles (no mathematical derivation), Operational
amplifier as Wein Bridge Oscillator and phase shift oscillator.

LIST OF PRACTICALS

● Two stage R.C. Coupled Amplifier-

a. To measure the overall gain of two stages at 1 KHZ and compare it with the gain
of 1st stage. Observe the loading effect of the second stage on the first stage.
b. To plot the frequency response curve of two stage RC coupled amplifier
and compare it with that of the single stage amplifier

32
 ● For a class-A power amplifier,measure the optimum load, maximum undistorted power
(by giving maximum allowable signal), collector efficiency and percentage distortion
factor.
● For a push-pull amplifier,measure the optimum load, maximum undistorted power (by
giving maximum allowable signal), collector efficiency and percentage distortion factor.
● For a complementary symmetry amplifier,measure the optimum load, maximum
undistorted power (by giving maximum allowable signal), collector efficiency and
percentage distortion factor.
● For a Single stage CE amplifier with and without bypass capacitor, measure the voltage
gain and plot the frequency response curve in both cases
● For an Emitter follower circuit, measure the voltage gain and plot the frequency response
curve.
● Construct Hartley and Colpitts oscillator circuit and measure the frequency and amplitude
of oscillations.
● Construct a Wein bridge oscillator circuit and measure the resonant frequency and
amplitude of oscillations
● Plot the frequency response of single tuned voltage amplifier and double tuned circuit.
● Using op-amp (IC741),constructan inverting and non-inverting amplifier, adder, integrator,
buffer, scale changer and verify their outputs.
● Measure the output offset voltage of an Op-amp (741) and zero adjustment using nulling
techniques.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

● Bhargava, Kulshreshtha & Gupta – “Basic Electronics & Linear Circuits” – Tata
Mcgraw-Hill.
● Malvino, A. P. – “Electronic Principles” – Tata Mcgraw-Hill.
● Millman & Halkias, “Integrated Electronics”, McGraw Hill Publications, 1992.
● Boylestad & Nashlesky, “Electronic Devices & Circuit Theory”, PHI, 10th Edition

SEMESTER ISEMEST

33
 Digital Electronics
Semester III
Course Code: EC-PC302
Course Title: Digital Electronics
Number of Credits: Total: 4.5

RATIONALE

This syllabus has been designed to make the students know about the fundamental principles of
digital electronics and gain familiarity with the available IC chips. This subject aims to give a
background in the broad field of digital systems design & microprocessors.

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this course is to acquire the basic knowledge of digital logic levels and
application of knowledge to understand digital electronics circuits and to prepare students to
perform the analysis and design of various digital electronic circuits.

LEARNING OUTCOME:

● To have a thorough understanding of the fundamental concepts and techniques used in

digital electronics.
● To realize all the logic functions with the help of Gates, NAND gate only and NOR gate
only.
● To understand and examine the structure of various number systems and its application
in digital design.
● The ability to understand, analyze and design various combinational and sequential
circuits.
● To understand the concept of Adder, Subtractor, Multiplexer, Demultiplexer, Encoder,
Decoder, Flip-Flop, Shift Register and Counters.
● To understand Boolean Function Minimization using Boolean Algebra and Karnaugh Map.
● To develop skill to build, and troubleshoot digital circuits.

DETAILED CONTENT

1. Introduction

(a) Basic difference between analog signal and digital signal and Analog System and Digital
System..

(b) Advantages and Disadvantages of digital over Analog System.

(c) Concept of Positive and Negative Logic System.

2. Number Systems

(a) Decimal, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal Number System, conversion from one number
system to another.

34
(b) Concept of code, Weighted and Non-Weighted codes, BCD Code (8421 code only), Excess
-3 and Grey code.

(c) Error Detection Codes( Parity and Checksum Method), Error Detection and Correction Code
(Hamming Code)

(d) Alphanumeric Code (ASCII), EBCDIC Code.

(e) Binary Arithmetic (Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division), BCDAddition, 1’s
Complement, 2's Complement, Subtraction using 1's and 2’s complement method.

3. Logic Gates

(a) Definition, Symbols and Truth Table of NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XNOR gates.

(b) Working of Basic Gates using simple diode circuits.

(c) NAND and NOR as Universal Gates.

4. Logic Simplification

(a) Postulates of Boolean Algebra, De-Morgan’s Theorems, Various identities, Formulation of

Truth table and Boolean Equation for Simple Problems, Implementation of Boolean (Logic)
Equations with Logic Gates.

(b) Karnaugh map (up to 4 variables) and simple application in developing combinational logic
circuits

5. Logic Families

(a) Logic family classification:-

(i) Definition of SSI, MSI, LSI, VLSI, ULSI

(ii) Comparison of TTL and MOS family characteristics with respect to delay, speed, noise
margin, logic levels, power dissipation, fan-in, fan- out, power supply requirement.

(b) Logic Circuits: Totem Pole Output circuit operation (qualitative) for TTL NAND Gate, CMOS
NAND Gate

6. Arithmetic Circuits

(a) Half Adder and Full Adder Circuits, Design and implementation with the help of Logic Gates,
NAND Gate only, NOR Gate only.

(b) Half Subtractor and Full Subtractor Circuits, Design and implementation with the help of Logic
Gates, NAND Gate only, NOR Gate only.

(c) 4 bit Adder/Subtractor Ckt. using 2's Complement representation.

7. Display Devices

LED, LCD, Seven Segment Displays, Basic Operation of Common Anode and Common Cathode
types of Displays.

35
8. Multiplexers, De-multiplexers, Encoder and Decoders

Basic Functions and Block Diagram of Multiplexer, Demultiplexer, Encoder and Decoder.
Detailed functioning of 16:1 Multiplexer, 1:8 Demultiplexer, Decimal To Binary/BCD Encoder, 4
Bit Binary to Decimal decoder and BCD to Seven Segment Decoder.

9.Flip-flops

(a) Difference between Latch and Flip Flop.

(b) Difference between Combinational Circuit and Sequential Circuit.

(c) Different Types of Triggering Flip Flops.

(d) Operation of SR, D, JK, Edge Triggered JK, Master/Slave JK and T flip-flopsusing Ckt./ Block
Diagram, Truth Tables and Timing Diagram.

(e) Applications of Flip Flops.

10. Shift Register

(a) Introduction and basic shift operation including shift left and shift right register.

(b) Serial in - parallel out, serial in - serial out, parallel in - serial out,

parallel in - parallel out shift register.

(c) Universal shift register.

(d) Applications of Shift Register.

11. Counters

(a) A synchronous counters:

(i) Binary counters

(ii) Modulus of a counter, Ripple Counter, Mod-10 or Decade counter

(iii) Presettable and programmable counters

(iv) Down counter, 3 Bit Up/Down counter.

(b) 4 Bit Synchronous counters

(c) Difference between asynchronous and synchronous counters

(d) Ring counter and Johnson counter with timing diagram.

(e) Applications of Counter.

36
LIST OF PRACTICALS

● Verification and interpretation of truth tables for AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, EX-OR
and EX-NOR gates.
● Realization of logic functions with the help of NAND and NOR gates only.
● Construction of half adder using NAND gates only and verification of its operations.
● Construction of a full adder using Ex-OR and NAND gates and verification of its operations.
● Construction of 4 bit adder/ subtractor ckt. using a 4 bit adder IC and an Ex-OR and verify the
operation of the circuit.
● Verification of truth tables forMultiplexer.
● Verification of truth tables forDe-multiplexer.
● Verification of the truth table for decoder.
● Verification of truth table for D flip flop.
● Construction and operation of a 4 bit ring counter.

REFERENCES:

● Fundamentals of Digital Circuits by A. Anand Kumar , PHI, Second Edition

● Basic Digital Electronics by M.V Subramanyam & Bhupesh Bhatia, Laxmi Publications
● Digital Principles and application by Leech & Malvino, McGraw Hill, 5th Edition
● Digital Electronics by B.R Gupta& V. Singhal, S.K Kataria & Son.
● Digital Electronics by K.S. Jamwal, Dhanpat Rai & Co.
● Modern Electronics by R.P Jain, TMH, 4th Edition

37
 Network Analysis and Transmission LInes
Semester III
Course Code: EC-PC303
Course Title: Network Analysis and Transmission LInes
Number of Credits: Total: 4.5

RATIONALE

The study of network, filters and transmission lines leads to understanding of line
communication, audio and video communication and microwave communication. Particularly the
study of networks from principles of AC theory, introduces the students to parameters and
characteristics of various networks, including filters. Also the study of transmission lines becomes
important as its analogy is used in study of transmission of plane electromagnetic waves in
bounded media.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

After completion of the course, the students will be able to:

● describe the concept of symmetrical, asymmetrical, balanced, unbalanced, T, PI, ladder,
lattice, L and Bridge T networks
● Demonstrate the operation of attenuators and filters.
● Design active and passive filter circuits
● Understand the concept and applications of transmission lines.
● measure standing wave ratio and characteristic impedance of the line
● Explain the electrical transmission lines and verify them through experiments

COURSE CONTENTS

UNIT 1-NETWORKS: (10L)

1.1 Introduction and classification of network according to:Network element,network,port.

1.2 Two Port (Four Terminals ) network configuration:
● Symmetrical and asymmetrical networks.
● Balanced and unbalanced network,
● T-network,pi-network, Ladder network, Lattice network, L Network, Bridge T-network.

1.3 SymmetricalNetwork:
● Concept and significance of characteristics impedance, Propagation constant, attenuation
constant, phase shift, constant and insertion loss.
● Expression for characteristic impedance, propagation constant, attenuation constant and
phase-shift constant in terms of Zo, Zo/c and Zs/c for the following
➢ T Network.
➢ π(pi) Network.

38
1.4 AsymmetricalNetwork:
● Concept and significance of iterative impedance image impedance, image transfer
constant and insertion loss.
● The half section (L-section): Splitting of symmetrical T &π (pi) sections into half sections,
derivation of iterative impedance, image impedance open and short circuit impedance of
half section.

1.5 Conversion of T to Pi or vice versa

1.6 Impedance Parameters, Admittance Parameters,HybridParameters, Transmission (ABCD)
Parameters, Conversion of one of Parameter to another.

2. ATTENUATORS:
(4L)
2.1 Units of attenuation (decibel and nepers)
2.2 General characteristics of attenuators, Type of Attenuator
2.3 Analysis and design of simple attenuator of following types
● Symmetrical T andπ type.
● L type.

3. FILTERS: (12L)

3.1 Brief idea of the uses of filter networks in different communication systems.
3.2 Types of the filter: low pass, high pass, band pass and band stop filters. Basic concept of
response curve of Butterworth, Chebyshev and Cauer type filter.
3.3 Theorem connecting attenuation constant and characteristics impedance
(Zo) determination of cut off frequency constant K section.
3.4 Prototype filter section
3.4.1 T and π low pass filter section.

● Reactance frequency characteristics of low pass and its significance.

● Attenuation Vs frequency; phase shift Vs frequency characteristics impedance Vs
frequency of T and π.
● Simple design problems of prototype low pass section.

3.5 M- derived filter section: limitation of prototype filter, advantage of m-derived filter, expression
for m in terms of fc and fa for LPF and HPF, Plots of attenuation Constant, Zo with frequency,
Simple design problems.
3.6 Concept of composite filter and matching of its various components.
3.7 Active Filter:

Basic Concept of active filters and comparison with passive.

● Op. amp. Integrator circuit, basic low pass active filter, First and second order low pass
Butter worth filter - Frequency response.
● Op. amp. Differentiator Circuit, basic high pass active filter, First and second order high
pass Butter worth filter- Frequency response.
● Basic concept of band pass filter- Frequency response
● Basic concept of band reject filter - Frequency response
● All pass filter - Frequency response

39
3.8 Crystal Filter:
● Crystal and its equivalent circuit.
● Special properties of crystal filters and their use.

4. TRANSMISSION LINE: (14L

4.1 Transmission lines and their application, different types of transmission lines; including
feeder cable, coaxial cable, optical fibre cable, and other different types of cables. Operating
frequency range, bandwidth of different transmission line

4.2 Primary constants of a transmission line, equivalent circuit of infinite line; T and pie type of
representation of transmission line.

4.3 Definition, Significance of characteristic impedance of line; concept of short line termination
in Zo, currents and voltages along an infinite line; propagation constant,Attenuation and phase
shift constant of the line.

4.4 Relationship of characteristics impedance, propagation constant, attenuation constant and

phase constant in terms of primary constants of the line.

4.5 Conditions for minimum distortion and minimum attenuation of signal on the line; necessity
and different methods of loading the communication lines.(no derivation)

4.6 Concept of reflection and standing waves on a transmission line; definition of reflection
coefficient in terms of characteristics impedance and load impedance; Definition of standing
wave ratio (SWR), relation between VSWR and voltage reflection coefficient, maximum
impedance on a line in term of characteristics impedance and VSWR.

4.7 Transmission line equation; expression for voltage, current and impedance at a point on the
lines for lines with and without losses. Expression for the input impedance of the line. (no
derivation)

4.8 Input impedance of an open and short circuited line and its graphical representation.

4.9 Transmission line at high frequency, effect of high frequencies on the losses of a
transmission line; Application of transmission line as a reactive component and impedance
transformer (quarter wave transformer).

4.10 Principle of impedance matching using single stub; Comparison of open and short circuit
stubs. Concept of broadband matching.

40
LIST OF BOOKS:

● J. P. Ryder-Network Filters & Transmission Line- PHI

● A. Chakravorty- An Introduction to Network, Filters & Transmission Line- Dhanpat Rai &
Co.
● D. R. Chaudhry- Network Analysis-DhanpatRai& Co.
● V. K. Aatre- Network Theory & Filter Design- New Age International Pub
● Satish Kumar, Rajesh Chhikara, ShamshadAlam-Network, Filters & Transmission
Line-S.K.Kataria& Sons.

PRACTICALS:

1. To measure the characteristics impedance of a symmetrical T/π (pi) network.

2. To measure the image impedance of a given asymmetrical T/ π (pi) network.

3. For a prototype low pass filter:

(a) Determine the characteristics impedance experimentally.
(b) Plot the attenuation characteristics.

4. For a prototype high pass filter:

(a) Determine the characteristics impedance experimentally.
(b) To plot the attenuation characteristic.

5. (a) To plot the impedance characteristic of a prototype band pass filter.

(b) To plot the attenuation characteristic of a prototype band pass filter.

6. To plot the impedance characteristic of m-derived low pass filter.

7. To plot the attenuation characteristic of a m-derived high pass filter.

8. To assemble and test the following Butterworth active filters

● First order low pass and High pass.
● Second order low pass and High pass.

9. Draw the attenuation characteristics of a crystal filter.

10.To observe the formation of standing waves on a transmission line and measurement of
SWR and Characteristic impedance of the line.

11.To measure the following parameter of transmission line:

● Attenuation
● Input Impedance
● Phase displacement between the Current & Voltage
● Frequency Characteristics

41
 Pcb Design & Fabrication
Semester III
Course Code: EC-PR301
Course Title: Pcb Design & Fabrication
Number of Credits: Total: 1

RATIONALE

The practical study of PCB design and Fabrication leads to understanding of the design process
of PCB and its fabrication. Virtually every electronic product is constructed with one or more
printed-circuit boards (PCBs). The PCBs hold the ICs and other components and implement the
interconnections between them. PCBs are designed in abundance for portable electronics,
computers, and entertainment equipment. They are also made for test equipment,
manufacturing, and spacecraft.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

After completion of the course, the students will be able to:

1. To familiarize with schematic and layout design flow using Electronic Design and Automation
(EDA) tools.
2. To design basic RC circuits by using EDA software.
3. To design PCB (Schematic & Layout) and fabricate PCB for simple circuits like Regulator
circuit, Inverting Amplifier using Op-AMP, Rectifiers.
4. To design PCB (Schematic & Layout) and fabricate PCB for Wein-bridge Oscillator using
transistor, Full-Adder using half-adders, 4 bit binary /MOD N counter using D-Flip flops.
5. To design PCB (Schematic & Layout) and fabricate PCB Design for 8051 Development
board.

PRACTICALS

1. Using any Electronic design automation (EDA) software, Practice following PCB
Design steps (Open source EDA Tool KiCad Preferable)

Example circuit:
● Basic RC Circuit,
● Schematic Design: Familiarization of the Schematic Editor, Schematic creation,
Annotation,
● Netlist generation,
● Layout Design: Familiarization of Footprint Editor, Mapping of components, Creation of
PCB
● Layout Schematic, Create new schematic components, Create new component footprints

Design PCB (schematic and Layout) for following exercises.

1. Regulator circuit using 7805.
2 Inverting Amplifier or Summing Amplifier using OP-amp
3 Full-wave Rectifier

42
 4 Astable or Monostablemultivibrator using IC555

5 . RC Phase-shift or Wein-bridge Oscillator using transistor.

6 Full-Adder using half-adders.
7 . 4 bit binary /MOD N counter using D-Flip flops.
8. Design a 8051 Development board having

Power section consisting of IC7805, capacitor, resistor, headers, LED

● Serial communication section consisting of MAX 232, Capacitors, DB9 connector,
Jumper, LEDs
● Reset & Input/ output sections consisting of89C51 Microcontroller, Electrolytic
Capacitor, Resistor, Jumper, Crystal Oscillator, Capacitors

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Printed circuit board design ,fabrication assembly and testing By R. S. Khandpur, Tata
McGraw Hill 2006

REFERENCE BOOKS:

● Complete PCB Design Using OrCAD Capture and PCB Editor,Kraig Mitzner Bob Doe
Alexander Akulin Anton Suponin Dirk Müller, 2nd Edition 2009.
● Introduction to System-on-Package, Rao R Tummala & Madhavan Swaminathan,
McGraw Hill, 2008.
● EMC and Printed circuit board ,Design theory and layout, Mark I Montrose IEEE
compatibility society
● Flexible Printed circuit board Design and manufacturing ,By Robert Torzwell

43
 Electronic Instruments & Troubleshooting
Semester III
Course Code: EC-PC-304
Course Title: Electronic Instruments and Troubleshooting
Number of Credits: Total: 4.5

RATIONALE:

● To introduce students to the use of various electronic/electrical laboratory instruments,

their construction, applications, and principles of operation.
● To understand the basic concept of maintenance and the various challenges in
maintenance.
● To enable students to know about the various practical approaches to troubleshooting.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

After completing this course students will be able to:

● Use digital and analog multimeters in the laboratory for measuring various electrical
parameters.
● Understand the basic concept and use of CRO, DSO, Function Generator, AF and RF
signal generators.
● Make use of CRO, DSO, Function Generator, AF and RF signal generators for assembly
and test purposes in the laboratory.
● Refer service manuals of various test and measuring instruments.
● Trace faults in digital circuits using Logical Probe, Logic Pulser, Logic Clip, Digital IC
Tester etc.
● Repair typical electronic equipment like Power Supplies, SMPS, PA system etc.

COURSE CONTENT :

Unit 1: Instrument System Characteristics (5hrs.)

Performance Characteristics of Instruments:-

static characteristics- accuracy and precision,scale range and span, static and absolute
errors,reproducibility and drift,repeatability, sensitivity,instrument efficiency,linearity, hysteresis,
resolution or discrimination, loading effects, impedance matching. Dynamic characteristics-
speed of response, response time, measuring lag/dead time and dead zone, fidelity, dynamic
error. Standard test signals- step, ramp, impulse inputs. Classification of errors in measurement
and their remedial measures.

Unit 2: Multi-meter (5hrs.)

44
Block diagram of digital and analog multimeters, comparison of digital and analog multimeters,
and study of front panel controls of both digital and analog multimeters. Principles of
measurement of dc voltage and dc current, ac voltage, ac current and resistance with digital and
analog multimeter, Typical specifications of digital and analog multimeter.

UNIT 3: Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) (9hrs.)

Construction of CRT, Electron gun, electrostatic focusing and acceleration (Explanation only – no
mathematical treatment) Deflection sensitivity, brief mention of screen phosphor for CRT in
relation to their visual persistence and chemical composition, Explanation of time base operation
and need for blanking during fly back; synchronization, Block diagram explanation of a basic
CRO and a triggered sweep oscilloscope, front panel controls, Specifications of a CRO and their
significance, Use of CRO for the measurement of voltage (dc and ac) frequency, time period and
phase angles, Special features of dual trace, and brief mention of digital storage
oscilloscope(DSO), CRO probes, including current probes.

UNIT 4: Signal Generators and Analysis Instruments (7 hrs.)

Block diagram, explanation and specifications of laboratory type AF and RFsignal generators,
pulse generator and function generator. Block diagram of Distortion factor meter, wave analyser
and spectrum analyser. Block diagram explanation of working principles of a laboratory type LCR
bridge. Specifications of a RLC bridge.

Unit 5:- Introduction to Troubleshooting of Electronics Instruments (8hrs.)

Fault Finding Aids:- service manual, test and measurement equipments, Multimeter, CRO,
AC/DC and GND, Signal Generator.IC Packages, Digital Test Instruments:- Logical Probe, Logic
Pulser, Logic Clip, Digital IC Tester, current Tracer, faults in digital circuits, combination faults,
precautions during digital troubleshooting.

Unit 6:- Troubleshooting various Electronics Equipments (5hrs.)

Power Supplies, SMPS, Troubleshooting of oscilloscope, Troubleshooting of PA (Public Address)

system, Troubleshooting of Signal Generator, Troubleshooting of digital multimeter,
Troubleshooting of Function Generator.

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. To observe the loading effect of a multimeter while measuring voltage across a low
resistance and high resistance
2. To study the limitations in using a multimeter while measuring high frequency voltage
3. Measurement of voltage, frequency, time period, and phase angle using CRO
4. To study troubleshooting procedures and locating probable faults in a Multimeter.
5. Measurement of rise, fall and delay times using a CRO
6. Measurement of R, L and C using a LCR bridge/universal bridge.
7. Identification of functional blocks / sections, assembly and testing of a PA system.
8. Identification of functional blocks / sections, assembly and testing of a servo voltage
stabilizer or DC regulated power supply.

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 9. To study troubleshooting procedure and locating probable faults in aFunction Generator
10. To study troubleshooting procedure and locating probable faults in a CRO

TEACHING APPROACH: - 40% of the course content to be covered through offline classroom
teaching on blackboard/whiteboard. 10% of the content to be covered through online teaching
using open sources. 50% of the course content needs to be laboratory oriented through practical
exercises.

REFERENCES/SUGGESTED LEARNING RESOURCES:

a) Text Books
1. Modern Electronic Equipment: Troubleshooting, Repair and Maintenance by Khandpur,
TMH2006.
2. Electronic Instrumentation by A. K. Sahwney.
3. Troubleshooting & Maintenance of Electronic Equipment by K. Sudeep Singh, S.K Kataria
& Sons.
4. Electronic Instrumentation by H.S Kalsi, MCGraw Hill

b) References Books
1. Engineering and Management by R C Mishra and K Pathak, Prentice Hall of India.
2. Consumer Electronics by S. P. Bali, Pearson
3. Electronic Testing and Fault Diagnosis by G. C. Loveday, A. H. Wheeler Publishing
Handbook of electrical design by Neil Sclater, Publisher MCGraw Hill

c) Open source software and website address:-

● https://www.tutorialspoint.com/electronic_measuring_instruments/measuring_instrumen
ts.htm
● https://vssut.ac.in/lecture_notes/lecture1429540701.pdf
● https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/105/108105153/
● https://www.accessengineeringlibrary.com/content/book/9780070483576
● https://www.eit.edu.au/resources/practical-troubleshooting-of-electronic-circuits-for-engi
neers-and-technicians/

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