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What Will Cover in This Lab?: Thevenin Theorem

This document discusses verifying the Thevenin theorem by obtaining the Thevenin equivalent voltage (VTH) and Thevenin equivalent resistance (RTH) for a circuit. It provides an overview of the theory behind the theorem, including that it allows a complex circuit to be reduced to a single voltage source and resistor. The document then gives an example application of using the theorem to calculate the current flowing through a load resistor by finding the Thevenin resistance and voltage, and using Ohm's law. It concludes by stating that this lab will cover finding the load resistance that gives maximum power transfer using related equations.

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Muhammad Abdullah
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100 views5 pages

What Will Cover in This Lab?: Thevenin Theorem

This document discusses verifying the Thevenin theorem by obtaining the Thevenin equivalent voltage (VTH) and Thevenin equivalent resistance (RTH) for a circuit. It provides an overview of the theory behind the theorem, including that it allows a complex circuit to be reduced to a single voltage source and resistor. The document then gives an example application of using the theorem to calculate the current flowing through a load resistor by finding the Thevenin resistance and voltage, and using Ohm's law. It concludes by stating that this lab will cover finding the load resistance that gives maximum power transfer using related equations.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Abdullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What will cover in this lab?

Verify Thevenin theorem by obtaining the


 Thevenin equivalent voltage (VTH) and
 Thévenin equivalent resistance (RTH)

Theory:
Thevenin theorem:
It is a process by which a complex circuit is reduced to an equivalent series circuit consisting of
a single voltage source (VTH), a series resistance (RTH) and a load resistance (RL). After
creating the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit, the load voltage VL or the load current IL may be
easily determined. One of the main uses of Thevenin theorem is the replacement of a large part
of a circuit, often a complicated and uninteresting part, by a very simple equivalent. The new
simpler circuit enables us to make rapid calculations of the voltage, current, and power which the
original circuit is able to deliver to a load. It also helps us to choose the best value of this load
resistance for maximum power transfer. Like all other mathematical and scientific theories/laws,
Thevenin’s Theorem was invented by the man himself, Léon Charles Thévenin, a French
telegraph engineer born in Meaux, France. After his time in the corps of telegraph engineers,
Thevenin was appointed as a teaching inspector at the École supérieure de télégraphie in 1882. It
was here that he became interested in the measurement of electrical circuits using the two
available methods at the time – Kirchhoff’s Circuit Laws and Ohm’s Law.

In an attempt to make complex circuit analysis easier for every engineer, Thevenin developed his
now famous Thevenin Theorem which reduces complex circuits into simplified Thevenin
equivalent circuits.
This theorem states that you can take any linear circuit, which can contain several emfs and
resistive components, and simplify the circuit into one voltage source and series resistance
connected to a load.

Linear circuit analysis


In this case, a linear circuit is one that includes passive components like resistors, inductors, and
capacitors. However, if you’re working with a circuit that includes gas-discharging or
semiconductor components, then you have a nonlinear circuit. This is not what Thevenin’s
Theorem was suited for. So why use this theorem for linear circuit analysis?
Efficiency. Thevenin’s Theorem provides an easy method for analyzing power circuits, which
typically has a load that changes value during the analysis process. This theorem provides an
efficient way to calculate the voltage and current flowing across a load without having to
recalculate your entire circuit over again.
Focus. Thevenin’s Theorem also provides an efficient way to focus your analysis on a specific
portion of a circuit. This allows you to calculate the voltage and current at a specific terminal by
simplifying the rest of the circuit with Thevenin’s equivalent.
Check out the example circuit below. Here we have resistor R2 as our load. We want to calculate
the voltage and current flowing through this resistor without having to use a time-consuming
analysis method like Branch Current, Mesh Current, etc. each time the value of the load resistor
changes.

Example of Thevenin theorem:

To make this easy, we can use Thevenin’s Theorem to remove the load resistance and voltages.
We then simplify the rest of the circuit as a single voltage source and series resistance.
In this simplified Thevenin Circuit, the two resistors R1 and R3, along with secondary voltage
B2, are all simplified into a single voltage source and series resistance. As far as the load resistor
is concerned, the simplified voltage and resistance will operate the same as our original circuit.

Linear circuit analysis


Now we just have two simple variables to work with in our calculations.

Let’s take a look at an example circuit and calculate the current flowing through a load resistor
between two terminals. The process for analyzing a DC circuit using Thevenin’s Theorem
requires the following steps:
Find the Thevenin Resistance by removing all voltage sources and load resistor.
Find the Thevenin Voltage by plugging in the voltages.
Use the Thevenin Resistance and Voltage to find the current flowing through the load.
Here is the example circuit we’ll be working with:

Step 1 – Thevenin Resistance


We first need to remove the 40 Ohm load resistor connecting terminals A and B, along with all
voltage sources. Doing this will provide us with an open circuit at zero volts, which leaves just
the two resistors wired in series.

To calculate the total Thevenin Resistance, we can use the following process:

Linear circuit analysis


Step 2 – Thevenin Voltage

We can then use Ohm’s Law to calculate the total current flowing through the circuit like so:

Since these resistors are wired in series, they will share the same 0.33 amps. We can use these
resistor values and our current to calculate the voltage drop, which is:

Step 3 – Load Current:


Now that we have our Thevenin Resistance and Voltage we can put our Thevenin equivalent
circuit together with our original load resistor as shown below.

From here, we can use Ohm’s Law to calculate the total current flowing across the load resistor
like this:

Linear circuit analysis


Mathematical:
Find the value of the load resistance, RL that will give the maximum power transfer in the
following circuit.
Then by using the following Ohm’s Law equations:

Conclusion:
In this lab, we have to cover the concept of Maximum power transfer theorem.

Reference:
<http://www.amazon.com/Physics-Engineering
Extended-Chapters/dp/0393926311>.
Physics for Engineers and Scientists (Extended Third Edition)
[Hardcover]." (9780393926316): Hans C. Ohanian, John

Linear circuit analysis

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