2.

18 ■
CHEM VIEW POINT
Chapter 2

Number of protons = 6 15. Find the ratio of the radii of the first three Bohr orbits.

ATOMIC STRUCTURE
PRACTICE MCQs
Number of neutrons = 12 – 6 = 6 Solution:
In 6C14 Radius of the electron orbit in a particular state,
Number of electrons = 6 n2
rn = (5.29 × 10–11 m)

(PRACTICE
ATOMIC MCQs)
STRUCTURE
Number of protons = 6 Z
= n2 (5.29 × 10–11 m) for H atom

ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Number of neutrons = 14 – 6 = 8.
So, r1:r2:r3 = 12:22:32 = 1:4:9.
14. Find the ratio of the difference in energy between the
first and the second Bohr orbit to that between the 16. A compound of vanadium has a magnetic moment of
second and the third Bohr orbit. 1.73 B.M. Work out the electronic configuration of the
Solution: vanadium ion in the compound.
∆E = 1312 kj [(1/n2 initial) – (1/n2 final)] Solution:
∆E2 → 1 = En = 2 – En = 1 Magnetic moment = 1.73 B.M. = n(n + 2)
Here n = number of unpaired electrons n = l
= 1312 kJ [1/22 – 1/32]
It means that in the compound vanadium ion must
= 1312 kJ (5/36) have one unpaired electrons.
E2 1 3/4 3 36 27 V = 1s2, 2s2 2p6, 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3
× 23
E3 2 5/36 4 5 5 V+4= 1s2, 2s2 2p6, 3s2 3p6 3d1

CHAPTER-END EXERCISES

PRACTICE QUESTIONS – I
1. Millikan’s oil drop method is used to determine: 6. The incorrect configuration is:
(a) Velocity of electron (a) K = [Ar] 4s1 (b) Cr = [Ar] 3d5 4s1
(b) Mass of electron (c) Cr = [Ar] 3d4 4s2 (d) Cu = [Ar] 3d10 4s1
(c) Charge of electron
7. Which of the following elements has least number of
(d) e/m ratio of electron
electrons in its M shell?
2. Wavelength of spectral line emitted is inversely (a) Mn (b) Ni
proportional to: (c) K (d) Sc
(a) Energy (b) Velocity
8. In which orbital the angular momentum of an electron
(c) Radius (d) Quantum number
is zero?
3. To explain the structure of atom the first use of quan- (a) 2p (b) 2s
tum theory was made by: (c) 3d (d) 4f
(a) Heisenberg (b) Bohr
9. Chromium is represented by the electronic configuration:
(c) Planck (d) Einstein
(a) [Ne] 3s2 3p6 3d1 4s2
4. What is the packet of energy called? (b) [Ne] 3s2 3p6 3d2 4s1
(a) Proton (b) Photon (c) [Ne] 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1
(c) Positron (d) Electron (d) [Ne] 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d4
5. Which one of the following forms a colourless 10. The correct set of quantum numbers is:
solution in aqueous medium?
(a) n = 2, l = 1, m = –2, s = 0
(a) Fe+2 (b) Cr3+ 1
(c) Mn +2
(d) Zn2+ (b) n = 2, l = –2, m = 1, s = +
2
 Structure of Atoms ■ 2.19

1 (a) De Broglie waves (b) X-rays

(c) n = 2, l = 2, m = –l, s = – (c) Gamma rays (d) All of these
2
1 22. How many electrons can be accommodated in a
(d) n = 2, l = l, m = 0, s = +
2 p-orbital?
11. The values of four quantum numbers of valence (a) 6 electrons (b) 2 electrons
electron of an element are n = 4, l = 0, m = 0 and (c) 4 electrons (d) None of these
1
s = + . The element is: 23. The quantum number ‘m’ of a free gaseous atom is
2
(a) Ti (b) K associated with:
(c) Na (d) Sc (a) The effective volume of the orbital
12. Set of isoelectronic species is: (b) The shape of the orbital
(a) H2, CO2, CN–, O– (b) N, H2S, CO (c) The spatial orientation of the orbital
(c) N2, CO, CN–, O2+2 (d) Ca, Mg, Cl (d) The energy of the orbital in the absence of a mag-
netic field
13. Number of orbitals in L energy level:
(a) 1 (b) 2 24. In ground state, an element has 13 electrons in its M
(c) 3 (d) 4 shell. The element is:
14. Ratio of radii of second and first Bohr orbits of H atom is: (a) Copper (b) Iron
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) Nickel (d) Chromium
(c) 3 (d) 4 25. Which of the following pair of ions have same para
15. Dual nature of particle was given by: magnetic moment?
(a) Bohr theory (a) Cu2+, Ti3+ (b) Ti3+, Ni2+
4+ 2+
(b) Thomson model (c) Ti , Cu (d) Mn2+, Cu2+
(c) Heisenberg principle
26. The total spin resulting from a d3 configuration is:
(d) De Broglie equation 3
(a) 3 (b)
16. The outermost configuration of most electronegative 2
element is:
(c) 1 (d) Zero
(a) ns2 np5 (b) ns2 np6
2
(c) ns np 4
(d) ns2 np6 27. The number of nodal planes in a px orbital is
17. Which one of the following expressions represent the (a) 1 (b) 2
electron probability function D? (c) 3 (d) 0
(a) 4πr dr ψ2 (b) 4πr2 dr ψ 28. How many d-electrons are present in Cr2+ ion?
(c) 4πr dr ψ
2 2
(d) 4πr dr ψ
(a) 5 (b) 6
18. If the electron of a hydrogen atom is present in the (c) 3 (d) 4
first orbit, the total energy of the electron is
(a) –e2/2r (b) –e2/r 29. l = 3, then the values of magnetic quantum numbers
2 2
(c) –e /r (d) –e2/2r2 are?
(a) ± 1, ± 2, ± 3 (b) 0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3
19. Quantum numbers of an atom can be defined on the
basis of: (c) –1, –2, –3 (d) 0, + 1, + 2, + 3
(a) Aufbau’s principle 30. Which one of the following pairs of ions have the
(b) Heisenberg’s uncertainity principle same electronic configuration?
(c) Hund’s rule (a) Sr3+, Cr3+ (b) Fe3+, Mn2+
(d) Pauli’s exclusion principle 3+
(c) Fe , Co 3+
(d) Cr3+, Fe3+
20. The number of waves in 3rd orbit of H-atom is:
31. The radius of hydrogen atom is 0.53 Å. The radius of
(a) 1 (b) 2
Li2+ is of:
(c) 3 (d) 4
(a) 1.27 Å (b) 0.17 Å
21. Which of the following does not travel with the speed
(c) 0.57 Å (d) 0.99 Å
of light?
2.20 ■ Chapter 2

32. The atomic number of an element is 35. What is the 42. Rutherford’s experiment, which established the nu-
total number of electrons present in all the p orbitals clear model of the atom, used a beam of:
of the ground state atom of that element? (a) β-particles, which impinged on a metal foil and
(a) 17 (b) 11 got absorbed.
(c) 23 (d) 6 (b) γ-rays, which impinged on a metal foil and ejected
electrons.
33. The atomic number of an element is 17. The number (c) Helium atoms, which impinged on a metal foil
of orbitals electron pairs in its valence shell is: and got scattered.
(a) 3 (b) 4 (d) Helium nuclei, which impinged on a metal foil
(c) 6 (d) 8 and got scatterd.
34. The correct representation for d orbital is: 1 1
43. The quantum number + and – for the electron
(a) (n – 1) d1–9 ns1 (b) (n – 1) d1–10 ns1–2 spin represent: 2 2
(c) (n – 1) d1–5 (d) (n – l) d1–10 ns2 (a) Rotation of the electron in clockwise and anti-
35. An element has 2 electrons in its K shell, 8 electrons clockwise direction respectively.
in L shell, 13 electrons in M shell and one electron in (b) Rotation of the electron in anti clockwise and
N shell. The element is: clockwise direction respectively.
(c) Magnetic moment of the electron pointing up and
(a) Cr (b) Fe
down respectively.
(c) V (d) Ti
(d) Two quantum mechanical spin states which have
36. Effective magnetic moment of Sc3+ ion is: no classical analogues.
(a) 0 (b) 1.73 44. The electronic configuration of an element is 1s2 2s2
(c) 2.83 (d) 3.87 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1. This represents:
37. Which of the following is not possible? (a) Excited state (b) Ground state
(a) n = 2, l = 1, m = 0 (c) Cationic form (d) Anionic form
(b) n = 2, l = 0, m = –1 45. The angular momentum (L) of an electron in a Bohr
(c) n = 3, l = 0, m = 0 orbit is given as:
(d) n = 3, l = 1, m = –1
(a) L = nh/2π
38. The most probable radius (in pm) for finding the (b) L = [l(l + 1) h/2 π]
electron in He+ is: (c) L = mg/2 π
(a) 105.8 (b) 52.9 (d) L = h/4 π
(c) 26.5 (d) 0.0
46. Which one of the following is the standard for atomic
39. In which of the following pairs are both the ions mass?
coloured in aqueous solution? (a) 1H1 (b) 6C12
(a) Sc3+, Co2+ (b) Ni2+, Cu+ (c) 6C14
(d) 8O16
2+ 3+
(c) Ni , Ti (d) Sc3+, Ti3+
47. Which of the following relates to photons both as
(Atomic number Sc = 21, Ti = 22, Ni = 28, Cu = 29,
wave motion and as a stream of particles?
Co = 27)
(a) Interference (b) E = mc2
40. When potassium metal is exposed to violet light:
(c) Diffraction (d) E = hυ
(a) There is no effect
(b) Ejection of electron takes place 48. Electromagnetic radiation with maximum wave-
(c) The absorption of electrons takes place length is:
(d) Ejection of some potassium atoms occurs (a) Radiowave (b) X-ray
41. The atomic number of Ni and Cu are 28 and 29 re (c) Infraredt (d) Ultraviolet
spectively. The electronic configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 49. Rutherford’s scattering experiment is related to the
3p6 3d10 represents: size of the:
(a) Cu+ (b) Cu2+ (a) Atom (b) Nucleus
2+
(c) Ni (d) Ni (c) Neutron (d) Electron
 Structure of Atoms ■ 2.21

50. The principal quantum number of an atom is related to the: 53. The fourth electron of Be atom will have which of the
(a) Orientation of the orbital in space following quantum numbers?
(b) Spin angular momentum 1
(a) 1, 0, 0, 1 (b) 2, 0, 0, –
(c) Orbital angular momentum 2 2
(d) Size of the orbital
1 1
51. The orbital diagram in which both the Pauli’s exclu- (c) 2, l, 0, + (d) 1, 1, 1, +
2 2
sion principle and Hund’s rule are violated is:
(a) ↑↓ ↑↑ ↑ 54. The electron density between 1s and 2s orbital is:
(b) ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ (a) High (b) Low
(c) ↑↓ ↓ ↓ (c) Zero (d) None of these
(d) ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ 55. A p-orbital can accommodate upto:
1
52. The maximum number of 3d electrons having s = + (a) Six electrons
2
are: (b) Four electrons
(a) 10 (b) 5 (c) Two electrons with opposite spins
(c) 14 (d) 7 (d) Two electrons with parallel spins

PRACTICE QUESTIONS – II
56. If the wavelength of an electromagnetic radiation is (Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10–31 Js):
2000 Å. What is the energy in ergs? (a) 10–33 m (b) 10–31m
(a) 9.92 × 10–19 (b) 9.94 × 10–12 –16
(c) 10 m (d) 10–25 m
(c) 4.97 × 10–12 (d) 4.97 × 10–19
62. The relationship between energy E, of the radiation
57. The de Broglie wavelength of the electron in the with a wavelength 8000 Å and the energy of the
ground state of hydrogen atom is [K.E.= 13.6 eV]; radiation with a wavelength 16000 Å is:
1eV = 1.602 × 10–19 J: (a) E1 = 2E2 (b) E1 = 4E2
(a) 33.28 nm (b) 3.328 nm (c) E1 = 6E2 (d) E1 = E2
(c) 0.3328 nm (d) 0.0332 nm
63. The atomic numbers of elements X, Y, Z are 19. 21
58. Uncertainty in position of a particle of 25 g in space and 25 respectively. The number of electrons present
is 10–5 m. Hence uncertainty in velocity (ms–1) is in the ‘M’ shells of these elements follow the order:
(Planck constant h = 6.6 × 10–34 Js):
(a) Z > Y > X (b) X > Y > Z
(a) 2.1 × 10–28 (b) 2.1 × 10–34 (c) Z > X > Y (d) Y > Z > X
(c) 0.5 × 10–34 (d) 5.0 × 10–24
64. An electron is moving in Bohr’s fourth orbit, its
59. The total number of electrons present in all the de-Broglie wavelength is X. What is the circumference
s orbitals, all the p orbitals and all the d orbitals of of the fourth orbit?
cesium ion are respectively: (a) 2λ (b) 2/λ
(a) 12, 20, 22 (b) 8, 22, 24 (c) 3λ (d) 4λ
(c) 10, 24, 20 (d) 8, 26, 10
65. The correct order of number of unpaired electrons in
60. Energy of H-atom in the ground state is –13.6 eV, the ion Cu2+ Ni2+, Fe3+ and Cr3+ is:
hence energy in the second excited state is: (a) Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Cr3+ > Fe3+
(a) –6.8 eV (b) –3.4eV (b) Ni2+ > Cu2+ > Fe3+ > Cr3+
(c) –1.51 eV (d) –4.53 eV (c) Fe3+ > Cr3+ > Ni2+ > Cu2+
61. The de Broglie wavelength of a Tennis ball of mass (d) Fe3+ > Cr3+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+
60 g moving with a velocity of 10 metres per second 66. Find the magnetic moment of a divalent ion in aque-
is approximately: ous solution if its atomic number is 25:
2.22 ■ Chapter 2

(a) 6.9 B.M. (b) 5.9 B.M. 75. If the nitrogen atom has electronic configuration 1s7,
(c) 4.9 B.M. (d) 3.0 B.M. it would have energy lower than that of the normal
ground state configuration 1s2 2s2 2p3 , because the
67. The magnetic moment of Cu2+ ion is:
electrons would be closer to the nucleus. Yet 1s7 is not
(a) 2.6 (b) 2.76 observed because it violates:
(c) 1.73 (d) 0
(a) Heisenberg uncertainty principle
68. Which of the following sets of quantum numbers is (b) Hund’s rule
correct for an electron in 4f orbital? (c) Pauli’s exclusion principle
1 (d) Bohr postulates of stationary orbits
(a) n = 4, l = 3, m = +4, s = +
2 76. Radial nodes present in 3s and 2p orbitals are
1 respectively:
(b) n = 4, l = 4, m = –4, s = –
2 (a) 0, 2 (b) 2, 0
1 (c) 2, 1 (d) 1,2
(c) n = 4, l = 3, m = + 1, s = +
2 77. The radius of which of the following orbits is same as
1 that of the first Bohr’s orbit of hydrogen atom?
(d) n = 3, l = 2, m = –2, s = +
2 (a) He+ (n = 2)
69. The energy ratio of a photon of wavelength 3000Å (b) Li2+ (n = 2)
and 6000Å is: (c) Li2+(n = 3)
(a) 1:1 (b) 2:1 (d) Be3+ (n = 2)
(c) 1:2 (d) 1:4
78. The wavelength associated with a golf ball weighing
70. The orbital angular momentum for an electron re 200 g and moving at a speed of 5 m/h is of the order:
volving in an orbit is given by V/(l + 1) h/2π. This (a) 10–10 m (b) 10–20 m
–30
momentum for an s electron will be given by: (c) 10 m (d) 10–40 m
1
(a) + .h/2 π (b) Zero 79. Ground state electronic configuration of nitrogen
2
atom can be represented by:
(c) h/2 π (d) √2.h/2 π
(1)
71. The de Broglie wavelength associated with a
(2)
particle of mass 10–6 kg moving with a velocity of 10
ms–1 is: (3)
(a) 6.63 × 10–7 m (b) 6.63 × 10–16 m (4)
(c) 6.63 × 10 m
–21
(d) 6.63 × 10–29 m
(a) 1 only (b) 1, 2
72. Which one of the following grouping represents (c) l, 4 (d) 2, 3
a collection of isoelectronic species? (At. numbers
Cs–55, Br–35) 80. Which of the following statement(s) are correct?
(a) Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ (b) N3–, F–, Na+ (1) The electronic configuration of Cr is [Ar] 3d5 4s1
3+
(c) Be, Al , Cl–
(d) Ca2+, Cs+, Br (atomic number of Cr = 24)
(2) The magnetic quantum number may have a nega-
73. The velocity of an electron in the second shell of tive value
hydrogen atom is: (3) In silver atom, 23 electrons have a spin of one type
(a) 10.94 × 106 ms–1 (b) 18.88 × 106 ms–1 and 24 of the opposite type (atomic number of
(c) 1.888 × 106 ms–1 (d) 1.094 × 106 ms–1 Ag = 47)
(4) The oxidation state of nitrogen in HN3, is –3
74. Consider the ground state of Cr atom (Z = 24). The (a) 1, 2, 3 (b) 2, 3, 4
numbers of electrons with the azimuthal quantum (c) 3, 4 (d) 1, 2, 4
numbers, l =1 and 2 are, respectively:
81. For a d electron, the orbital angular momentum is:
(a) 12 and 4 (b) 12 and 5
(c) 16 and 4 (d) 16 and 5 (a) 6h (b) 2h
(c) H (d) 2h
 Structure of Atoms ■ 2.23

82. The orbital angular momentum of an electron in 2s (a) S1 = S2 (b) S1 < S2

orbital is: (c) S1 > S2 (d) None of these
(a) + __12 . __
h
2π (b) zero 92. Predict the total spin in Ni2+ ion
h h
(c) __
2π (d) 2 __
2π
(a) ±5/2 (b) ±3/2
(c) ±l/2 (d) ±1
83. The mass of an electron is m. Its charge is e and it is
93. The orbital diagram in which Aufbau principle is vio-
accelerated from rest through a potential difference V.
lated is:
The velocity acquired by the electron will be:
(a) ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ (b) ↑ ↑↓ ↑ ↑
(a) V/m (b) eV /m
(c) 2e V /m (d) None (c) ↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ (d) ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑

84. An atom A has the electronic configuration of 1s2 2s2 94. Wave function vs distance from nucleus graph of an
2p1. Atom B has the electronic configuration of 1s2 orbital is given below:
2s2 2p1. The empirical formula of the compound
+
obtained from the reaction of A and B is:
(a) AB (b) AB3
(c) A3B3 (d) A2 B6 Ψ –
r

85. The radius of an atomic nucleus is of the order of:

(a) 10–8 cm (b) 10–13 cm The number of nodal sphere of this orbital is:
–10
(c) 10 cm (d) 10–15 cm (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
86. Bohr model can explain: 95. For the electronic transition from n = 2 → n = 1,
(a) The solar spectrum. which of the following will produce shortest wave
(b) The spectrum of hydrogen molecule. length?
(c) The spectrum of hydrogen atom only. (a) Li2+ ion (b) D atom
(d) Spectrum of an atom or ion containing one elec- (c) He+ ion (d) H atom
tron only.
96. Which of the following curves may represent the
87. Which electronic level would allow the hydrogen speed of the electron in a hydrogen atom as a func
atom to absorb a photon but not to emit a photon? tion of the principal quantum number n?
(a) 1s (b) 2s a
(c) 2p (d) 3s d
b
88. Correct set of four quantum numbers for the valence v c
(outermost) electron of rubidium (Z = 37) is:
(a) 5, 0, 0, ±1/2 (b) 6, 0, 0, +1/2 n
(c) 5, 1, 1, ±1/2 (d) 5, l, 0, ±1/2 (a) D (b) C
(c) B (d) A
89. The increasing order (lowest first) for the values of
e/m (charge/mass) for electron (e), proton (p), neutron 97. Spin of electron is:
(n) and alpha particle (a) is: (a) Rotation of electron about it’s own axis.
(a) n, p, a , e (b) n, p, e, a (b) Clock wise and anticlock wise rotation of electron.
(c) n, a, p, e (d) e, p, n, a (c) An intrinsic characteristics of electron connect
with its magnetic field.
90. The ionization energy of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV.
What will be the ionization energy of He+? (d) A quantum number which depend upon direction
and speed of rotation of electron.
(a) 13.6 eV (b) 54.4 eV
(c) l22.4eV (d) zero 98. Probability of finding the electron ψ2 of s orbital
doesn’t depend upon:
91. If S, be the specific charge (e/m) of cathode rays and (a) Azimuthal quantum number.
S2 be that of positive rays then which is true? (b) Energy of s orbital.
2.24 ■ Chapter 2

(c) Principal quantum number. (c) There is a high probability of locating it values
(d) Distance from nucleus (r). of x < 0 but no probability at alloy locating if any
where in the yz plane along which x = 0.
99. The charge cloud of a single electron in a 2px
(d) Both (a) and (c)
atomic orbital has two lobes of electron density. This
means: 100. The wavelength of the de Broglie wave of the elec-
(a) There is a high probability of locating the electron tron revolving in the fifth orbit of the hydrogen atom
in a 2px atomic orbital at values of x > 0 is (r0 is the Bohr’s radius = 0.529 Å).
(b) There is a great probability of finding a p electron (a) 20 r0 (b) (10 π) r0
right at the nucleus (c) 5 π r0 (d) 15 π r0

PRACTICE QUESTIONS – III

101. A monoenergetic electron beam with a de Broglie 105. The electrons, identified by quantum numbers n and l
wavelength of x Å is accelerated till its wavelength (i) n = 4. l = 1 (ii) n = 4, l = 0 (iii) n = 3, l = 2 (iv) n
is halved. By what factor is its kinetic energy = 3, l = 1 can be placed in order of increasing energy
changed? from the lowest to highest as:
(a) 8 (b) 6 (a) (iv) < (ii) < (iii) < (i)
(c) 4 (d) 3 (b) (ii) < (iv) < (i) < (iii)
(c) (i) < (iii) < (ii) < (iv)
102. The de Broglie wavelength associated with a ball of
(d) (iii) < (i) < (iv) < (ii)
mass 1 kg having a kinetic energy 0.5 J is:
(a) 6.626 × 10–34 m (b) 13.2 × 10–34 m 106. What is the wavelength of the radiation emitted
(c) 10.38 × 10 m
–21
(d) 6.626 Å produced in a line in the Lyman series when an electron
103. Match list I with list II and select the correct answer falls from fourth stationary state in hydrogen atom?
using the codes given below the lists: (RH = 1.1 × 107 m–1)
(a) 96.97 nm (b) 969.7 nm
List I List II (c) 9.697 nm (d) None of these
(Metal ions) (Magnetic moment)
107. Rearrange the following (I to IV) in the order of
l. Cr3+ (i) 35
in creasing masses and choose the correct answer
2. Fe2+ (ii) 30
from (a), (b), (c), (d). (atomic masses: N =14, O = 16,
3. Ni2+ (iii) 24
Cu = 63).
4. Mn2+ (iv) 15
(v) 8 I. 1 molecule of oxygen
II. 1 atom of nitrogen
The correct matching is: III. 1 × 1010 g molecular weight of oxygen
1 2 3 4
IV. 1 × 10–18 g atomic weight of copper
(a) (i) (iii) (v) (iv)
(b) (ii) (iii) (v) (i) (a) II < I < IV < III (b) IV < III < II < I
(c) (iv) (iii) (v) (i) (c) II < III < I < IV (d) III < IV < I < II
(d) (iv) (v) (iii) (i)
108. The ionization energy of He+ is 19.6 × 10–18 J atom–1.
104. The size of a microscopic particle is one micron and Calculate the energy of the first stationary state
its mass is 6 × 10–13 gm. If its position may be mea of Li2+.
sured to within 0.1% of its size, the uncertainty in (a) 19.6 × 10–18 J atom–1
velocity, in cm s–1, is approximately: (b) 4.41 × 10–18 J atom–1
(a) 10–6/3 π (b) 10–7/2π (c) 19.6 × 10–19 J atom–1
–5
(c) 10 /4 π (d) 10–7/4π (d) 4.41 × 10–17 J atom–1
 Structure of Atoms ■ 2.25

109. The masses of photons corresponding to the first (a) X1 + X2 + X3 = 0 (b) X3 = X1 + X2

lines of the Lyman and the Balmer series of the X1 X 2
atomic spectrum of hydrogen are in the ratio of (c) X32 = X12 + X22 (d) X3 =
X1 X 2
(a) 4:1 (b) 27:5
(c) 1:4 (d) 5:27 117. A 1000 watt radio transmitter operates at a frequen
cy of 880 kc/sec. How many photons per sec. does it
110. An X-ray tube is operated at 50,000 volts. The shortest emit? [h = 6.626 × 10–34 Js]
wavelength limit of the X-rays produced is (a) 2.51 × 1030 (b) 2.27 × l028
(a) 0.1245 Å (b) 0.3485 Å (c) 1.72 × 1030 (d) 1.77 × 1027
(c) 0.2485 Å (d) 0.03456 Å
118. How many moles of electrons weigh one kilogram?
111. The ratio of the difference between 2nd and 3rd (mass of electron = 9.108 × 10–31 kg, Avogadro num-
Bohr’s orbit energy to that between 3rd and 4th orbit ber = 6.023 × 1023)
energy is 1
(a) 6.023 × 1023 (b) × 1031
(a) 7/20 (b) 20/7 9.108
6.023 1
(c) 27/9 (d) 9/27 (c) _____
9.108 × 10
54
(d) __________
9.108 × 6.023
× 108

112. An electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state 119. Match the following:
absorbs 1: 50 times as much energy as the minimum
List I List II
required for it to escape from the atom. What is the
wavelength of the emitted electron? 1. Number of values of (1) 0, 1, 2
(a) 4.7 Å (b) 4.70 pm ’l’ for an energy level
(c) 6.3 Å (d) 8.4 Å ............(n – 1)
2. Actual values of ‘l’ (2) + l .........+ 2,
113. If the radius of the first Bohr orbit is ‘a’, then for a particular type of + 1, 0, –l
de Broglie wavelength of electron in 3rd orbit is nearly: orbital
(a) 2π a (b) 6π a
(c) 3a (d) a/3 3. Number of ‘m’ values (3) –2 .... –l
4. Actual values of ‘n’ for a (4) n
114. If the shortest wavelength of H atom in Lyman series is particular type of orbital
‘a’, then longest wavelength in Balmer series of He+ is:
(a) a/4 (b) 5a/9 The correct matching is:
(c) 4a/9 (d) 9a/5 1 2 3 4
(a) (4) (3) (1) (2)
115. In hydrogen atom, an orbit has a diameter of about (b) (4) (1) (3) (2)
16.92 A. What is the maximum number of electrons
(c) (1) (2) (4) (3)
that can be accommodated?
(d) (2) (3) (1) (4)
(a) 32 (b) 16
(c) 48 (d) 72 120. Calculate the wavelength and energy of the radiation
emitted for the electronic transition from infinity
116. Energy levels A, B, C of a certain atom corresponds (∞) to stationary state first of the hydrogen atom.
to increasing values of energy, i.e., EA < EB < Ec. If (RH = 1.09678 × 107 m–1, h = 6.6256 × 10–34 Js)
X1, X2 and X3 are the wavelengths of radiations cor
(a) 2.18 × 10–21 kJ (b) 3.18 × 10–22 kJ
responding to the transitions C to B, B to A and C
(c) 1.18 × 10–23 kJ (d) 2.18 × 10–31 kJ
to A respectively, which of the following statement is
correct? 121. In Bohr series of lines of hydrogen spectrum, the third
C
line from the red end corresponds to which one of the
X1
B following inter-orbit jumps of the electron for Bohr
orbits in an atom of hydrogen?
X2 X3 (a) 3 2 (b) 5 2
A
(c) 4 1 (d) 2 5
2.26 ■ Chapter 2

122. The wavelength of the radiation emitted, when have the same energy in the absence of magnetic field
in a hydrogen atom electron falls from infinity to and electric fields?
stationary state one, would be (Rydberg constant (a) n = 1, l = 0, m = 0
= 1.097 × 107 m–1) (b) n = 2, l = 0, m = 0
(a) 91 nm (b) 192 nm (c) n = 3, l = 1, m = 1
(c) 406 nm (d) 9.1 × 10–8 nm (d) n = 3, l =2, m = 1
(e) n = 3, l = 2, m = 0
123. Which of the following sets of quantum numbers (a) b and c (b) d and e
represents the highest energy of an atom? (c) c and d (d) a and b
(a) n = 3, l = 2, m= 1,s = +1/2
125. Of the following sets which one does not contain iso
(b) n = 4, l = 0, m = 0, s = +1/2
electronic species?
(c) n = 3, l = 0, m = 0, s = +1/2
(a) PO43–, SO42–, ClO4–
(d) n = 3, l = 1, m= 1, s = +1/2
(b) CN–, N2, C22–
124. In a multielectron atom, which of the following or- (c) SO32–, CO32–, NO3–
bitals described by the three quantum numbers will
(d) BO33–, CO32–, NO3–

ANSWER KEYS

1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (d)
11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (c)
21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (d) 25. (a) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (d) 29. (b) 30. (b)
31. (b) 32. (a) 33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (a) 36. (a) 37. (b) 38. (c) 39. (c) 40. (b)
41. (a) 42. (d) 43. (d) 44. (b) 45. (a) 46. (b) 47. (d) 48. (a) 49. (b) 50. (d)
51. (a) 52. (b) 53. (b) 54. (c) 55. (c) 56. (b) 57. (c) 58. (a) 59. (c) 60. (c)
61. (a) 62. (a) 63. (a) 64. (d) 65. (c) 66. (b) 67. (c) 68. (c) 69. (b) 70. (b)
71. (d) 72. (b) 73. (d) 74. (b) 75. (c) 76. (b) 77. (d) 78. (c) 79. (c) 80. (a)
81. (a) 82. (b) 83. (c) 84. (a) 85. (b) 86. (d) 87. (a) 88. (a) 89. (c) 90. (b)
91. (c) 92. (d) 93. (b) 94. (a) 95. (a) 96. (b) 97. (c) 98. (a) 99. (d) 100. (b)
101. (c) 102. (a) 103. (c) 104. (d) 105. (a) 106. (a) 107. (a) 108. (d) 109. (b) 110. (c)
111. (b) 112. (a) 113. (b) 114. (d) 115. (a) 116. (d) 117. (c) 118. (d) 119. (b) 120. (a)
121. (b) 122. (a) 123. (a) 124. (b) 125. (c)

HINTS AND EXPLANATIONS FOR SELECTIVE QUESTIONS

5. As Zn2+ has no un-paired electron so it is colourless. 25. As n = 1 in them so they have same magnetic moment.
26. d3 configuration means n = 3
12. As all have 14 electrons so they are iso electronic.
n 3
spin = =
14. As rn α n2. So r2 = 4 r1 2 2
30. Both Fe3+ and Mn2+ have [Ar] 3d5 configuration.
16. As halogens are most electronegative so the configu-
n 2
0.53 × I2
ration is ns2 np5. 31. rn = 0.53 × __
Z =
_______
3 = 0.17 Å

20. As number of wave = n = 3 32. (Z = 35):1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5
Number of electron in all the p orbitals
24. As 24Cr = 2, 8, 13, 1 i.e., M shell has 13 electrons.
= 6 × 2 + 5 = 17
 Structure of Atoms ■ 2.27

36. As it has no unpaired electrons so it is dramagnetic 68. Any sub-orbit is represented as nl such that n is the
and it is zero. principle quantum number (in the form of values) and
37. As values of m is from –1 to +1 including zero. l is the azimuthal quantum number (its name). Value
of l < n, l 0 1 2 3 4
39. As Ni2+, Ti3+ have 2, 1 unpaired electrons respectively
so both are coloured. s p d f g
41. It represent the configuration of Cu+. Value of m: – l, –l, + 1 ....0, + l
43. These represent two quantum mechanical spin states Value of s: + 1/2 or – 1/2
which have no classical analogues. Thus for 4f: n = 4, l = 3, m = any value between –3
To + 3.
49. The central part consisting whole of the positive charge
and most of the mass, called nucleus, is extremely 69. E1/E2 = λ2/λ1
small in size compared to the size of the atom. = 6000/3000 = 2:1
50. The principal quantum number (n) is related to the 70. As = 0 so mvr is also zero.
size of the orbital (n = 1, 2, 3....)
h 6.626 × 10–34
55. One p orbital can accommodate up to two electrons 71. Use the relation; λ = = = 6.626 × 1029
mv 10–6 × 10
with opposite spin while p-subshell can accommodate
72. As N–3, F–, Na+ all have 10 electrons.
upto six electrons.
6.626 × 10–27 × 3 × 106
Z
73. vn = 2.188 × 106 × __ 6 1
__
n = 2.188 × 10 × 2
56. E = hc/λ = ________________
2000 × 10–8
= 1.094 × 106 ms–1
= 9.94 × 10–12 ergs
h h
74. E.C of Cr (Z = 24) is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1
58. ∆x. ∆v ≥ 4 π m or ∆v = 4 π m.∆x
so electrons with l = 1 (p), are 12 with l = 2 (d), are 5

59. Cs+:1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 75. As maximum number of electrons in any orbit, sub-
Number of electrons in s orbitals = 5 × 2 = 10 orbit or orbital is decided by Pauli’s law.
Number of electrons in p orbitals = 4 × 6 = 24 6.626 10 34
78. h/mv
Number of electrons in d orbitals = 10 × 2 = 20 200 10 3 5
13.6 = 6.626 × 10–32 m
60. En = eV _________
n2 81. As mvr = √2l(l + 1) h
For second excited state n = 3,
13.6 Here l = 2 so mvr = 6 "
E3 = – ____
9 = –1.51 eV
82. Here l = 0 so mvr = 0.
61. λ = h/mv
84. Both A and B have the valencies 3 So, the formula is
6.626 × 10–34
λ = __________
60 × 10–3 × 10
= 10–33 m (nearly) AB.

63. As Z has 13 electrons, Y has 9 electrons and X has 8 85. The radius of nucleus is of the order of 1.5 × 10–13
electrons in M shell. to 6.5 × 10–13 cm or 1.5 to 6.5 Fermi (1 Fermi =
10–13 cm)
64. As circumference = nλ = 4λ
86. Bohr model can explain spectrum of atoms/ions con-
65. As they have 5, 3, 2, 1 number of unpaired electrons
taining one electron only.
respectively.
66. It is Mn2+ having five unpaired electrons so its mag- 87. It is the 1s level, the ground state, where the H-atom can
netic moment is: only absorb a photon and go to higher excited states.
µ = 5 (5 + 2) = 5.9 B.M. 88. Rb has the configuration, 1s2 2s2 2p2 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2
1
67. As it has only one unpaired electron so magnetic 4p6 5s1 ; so n = 5, l = 0, m = 0 and s =
2
moment is: li n(n 2) 90. I.E. of He+ = 13.6 eV × Z2
l (l + 2) = 1.73 B.M. = 13.6 eV × 4 = 54.4 eV
2.28 ■ Chapter 2
9
91. Mass of positively charged ions in positive rays is Therefore, I.E. (Li2+) = __4 × I.E. (He+)
more than mass of electrons. 9
= __4 × 19.6 × 10–18
92. Number of unpaired electrons in Ni2+ is two.
1 = 4.41 × 10–17 J atom–1
Total spin = ± × Number of unpaired electrons
2 109. ∆E = mc2.
93. s-subshell should be filled first as it possesses lower For Lymann series, m1c2 ∝ (l/l2 – 1/22)
energy level than p-subshell. For Balmer series, m2c2 ∝ (1/22 – 1/32)
95. Li2+ ion has the shortest wavelength. m1/m2 = 3 × 36/4 × 5
m:m2 = 27:5
100. Radius of the 5th orbit = 52r0 = 25 r0
Circumference = 2 π (25 r0) = 50 πr0 = 5 λ, 110. Energy of electrons striking the anti-cathode =
50000 × 1.6 × 10–19 J
nλ.= 2π rn λ = (10 π) rn
= 8.0 × 10–15 J
101. λ = h 34
c 6.626 10 3 108
2mE h __λ =
λE1/2 = constant.
26
So λ1 E1 = λ2 E2 19.88 10
J
λl/λ1 = (E2/E1) = 2
19.88 10 26
Therefore, E2/E1 = 4 λ= m = 2.485 × 10–11 m
8 10 15
102. λ = h/ 2m E = 0.2485 Å.
6.626 × 10–34
= __________
_________
111. As En = –1312/n2 kJ/mole
√ 2 × 1 × 0.5
= 6.626 × 10–34 m ∆E3 – 2 = –1312[(1/n22 ) – (1/n12)
103. As Cr3+ Fe2+ Ni2+, Mn2+ have 3, 4. 2, 5 unpaired elec- = –1312 (1/9 – 1/4)
–1312 × –5
tron respectively. = ________
36

104. ∆p. ∆x = h/2π Similarly,

m. ∆v. ∆x = h/2π ∆E4 – 3 = –1312 (1/16 – 1/9)
–1312 × –7
1
∆ v = ___ h
_____ = ________
4 π × m. ∆x 16 × 9
∆E3 – 2 __
_____ 20
m = 6 × 10–13 g. ∆E4 – 3 = 7
0.1
∆ x = ___
100 × 10 cm = 10 cm
–4 –7
112. As 13.6 eV is needed for ionization, 20.4 eV
1 6.626 × 10 –27 (13.6 × 1.5) must have been absorbed. Of this, 6.8 eV
∆v = ___ ___________
4π × 6 × 10–13 × 10–7 cm s
–1
is converted to kinetic energy.
h
10–7 λ=
= __14 π × 1.1 × 10–7 cm s–1 = ___
4π cm s
–1
(2 m K.E.)
6.626 × 10–34 Js
106. n1= 1 , n2 = 4 =
(2 × 9.1 × 10–31 × 6.8 × 1.6 × 10–19 J)
Now 1/λ = RH [l/n12 – 1/n22] = 4.70 × 10–10 m = 4.70 Å
= 1.1 × 10–7 [l/l2 – 1/42]
113. rn = r1 × n2
After solving
r3 = 32a = 9a
λ = 96.9 nm. 3h
mvr3 = ___
2π
108. I.E. of He = E × 2 (as Z for He = 2)
+ 2
3h h
I.E. of Li2+ = E × 32 (as Z for Li = 3) mv = ______ = ____
2π . 9a 6πa
I.E. (He+) 4
__ h h.6π a
Hence, _______ = λ = ___ _____
mv = h = 6π a.
I.E. (Li2+) 9