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OM Lab Report Final

Optical MIcroscope

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Saad Iqbal
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31 views9 pages

OM Lab Report Final

Optical MIcroscope

Uploaded by

Saad Iqbal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATERIALS ENGINNERING LAB – II

EXPERIMENT 08: OPTICAL MICROSCOPY OF


SAMPLES.

Submitted to: Mr. Aqib Zahoor.


Submitted By: Group 1.
Submission Date: 10th of May, 2024.

Registration Number Name


12-3-1-001-2022 Adnan Mehmood.
12-3-1-009-2022 Ibraheem Ejaz.
12-3-1-011-2022 Junaid Habib.
12-3-1-019-2022 Muhammad Abdullah Nasir.
12-3-1-031-2022 Muhammad Zubair.
12-3-1-036-2022 Saad Iqbal.

Abstract Format Results Discussion

DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGY AND MATERIALS


ENGINEERING

1
Abstract:
Optical microscope, also known as metallographic microscope, is a complex
apparatus that allows us to observe microstructure of the sample under test. In this experiment, we
observed the microstructure of the first polished, then etched sample with the optical microscope.
The sample under test was 1045 mild steel.

2
TABLE OF CONTENTS.

1. Introduction…………………………………………………….05
1.1 Optical microscope………………………………………...05
1.2 Objectives…………………………………………………..05
1.3 Magnification………………………………………………05
1.4 Parts and their functions…………………………………...05

2. Apparatus………………………………………………………06
3. Procedure………………………………………………………06
4. Result…………………………………………………………..06
5. Discussion……………………………………………………..07
6. Conclusion…………………………………………………….07

3
LIST OF FIGURES.

Fig 1…………………………………………………………… 06
Fig 2…………………………………………………………… 07
Fig 3…………………………………………………………… 07
Fig 4……………………………………………………………. 09

4
1. Introduction:
1.1 Optical Microscope:
An optical microscope (metallographic microscope) is different from
other microscopes in terms of metallography. Metals are generally opaque in
nature and are illuminated by frontal lighting, also called reflection mode.
Due to this particular condition, the source of light is located within the
microscope tube. A plain glass reflector is installed in the tube to fulfill this
condition.

Fig 01: Optical Microscope


5
1.2 Objectives:
The following were the objectives of the experiment performed:
• Observe microstructure of the sample.
• Determine grain size of the sample.

Fig 02: Optical Microscope showing Microstructure

Fig 03: Average grain size measurement

6
1.3 Magnification:
The quality of image generated and the resolving power of the optical
microscope is determined by the quality of the objective. Focal length of
the objective plays a key role in its magnification. In other words, the
shorter the focal length, the higher the magnification. The magnified
image is observed in the eyepiece. The image is magnified by the
eyepiece in 6x, 8x or 10x magnification. The total magnification power of
the optical microscope is determined by multiplying the eyepiece power
by the objective lens in place. The common magnification of a
metallographic optical microscope is in the range of 50x – 1000x.

1.4 Parts And Their Functions:


The working of optical microscope is of complex nature. A horizontal
beam of light from the light source is reflected using a plane glass reflector
downwards through the microscope objective on the surface of the
specimen some of this incident light reflected from the specimen surface
will be magnified and pass through the plane glass reflector and magnified
again by the upper lens system of the eyepiece.
Following are the parts and functions of the metallographic optical
microscope:
• Stage: a flat movable table supporting the specimen. This can be
moved up or down by knobs present.
• Tubes: the vertically movable tube containing the eyepiece,
objective and plane reflector. The tube length varies from 160 mm
to 250 mm.
• Rough and Fine Focus Adjustments/Knobs: The limbs of the
microscope carry the coarse and fine adjustments to facilitate the
operator to bring the specimen into sharp focus.
• Objective: The body tube carried a revolving nose piece carrying
the three objectives. This enables quick change of the objective
which helps for a quick resolving the structure of the metal and the
magnification of lenses is enlarged on the focal length of the lens
used. The important properties of an objective are:
(i) Magnifying Power.
(ii) Resolving Power.

2. Apparatus:
i. Metallographic optical microscope.
ii. Polished and etched sample of 1045 mild steel.

7
3. Procedure:
The following procedure was observed during the experimentation:
i. The polished and etched sample was first machined to match the size
limit of the optical microscope’s stage.
ii. The sample was then placed on the stage and calibrated by moving the
stage up or down by using the knobs.
iii. After the placement of the sample, the magnification lens was selected
and the microstructure was observed on the computer screen. The image
was taken by the high definition camera on top of the microscope.

4. Result:
The following microstructure was observed for the 1045 mild steel sample
under test:

Fig 04: observed microstructure

8
5. Discussion:
In this experiment, the main purpose was to determine the microstructure of
the first polished and then etched 1045 mild steel sample. This process was
done by utilizing the abilities of the metallographic optical microscope. The
sample was machined in order for it to fit on the stage of the microscope. The
microstructure was observed on the computer screen and the image was taken
by a high definition camera mounted on the microscope.

6. Conclusion:
The conclusion of this experiment is that the microstructure observed had
some scratches on it which may have occurred during machining of the
sample. The etchant had dissolved the area on the grain boundaries which
appeared as dark spots as light was scattered from those particular areas.

7. References

• (n.d.). Retrieved from


https://www.euromex.com/en/products/branches/industry-materials-
science-microscopes/
• Retrieved from
https://www.euromex.com/en/products/branches/industry-materials-
science-microscopes/
• (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.euromex.com/en/products/branches/industry-materials-
science-microscopes/

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